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A review on l-ribose isomerases for the biocatalytic production of l-ribose and l-ribulose. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110409. [PMID: 34112412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Presently, because of the extraordinary roles and potential applications, rare sugars turn into a focus point for countless researchers in the field of carbohydrates. l-ribose and l-ribulose are rare sugars and isomers of each other. This aldo and ketopentose are expensive but can be utilized as an antecedent for the manufacturing of various rare sugars and l-nucleoside analogue. The bioconversion approach turns into an excellent alternative method to l-ribulose and l-ribose production, as compared to the complex and lengthy chemical methods. The basic purpose of this research was to describe the importance of rare sugars in various fields and their easy production by using enzymatic methods. l-Ribose isomerase (L-RI) is an enzyme discovered by Tsuyoshi Shimonishi and Ken Izumori in 1996 from Acinetobacter sp. strain DL-28. L-RI structure was cupin-type-β-barrel shaped with a catalytic site between two β-sheets surrounded by metal ions. The crystal structures of the L-RI showed that it contains a homotetramer structure. Current review have concentrated on the sources, characteristics, applications, conclusions and future prospects including the potentials of l-ribose isomerase for the commercial production of l-ribose and l-ribulose. The MmL-RIse and CrL-RIse have the potential to produce the l-ribulose up to 32% and 31%, respectively. The CrL-RIse is highly stable as compared to other L-RIs. The results explained that the L-RIs have great potential in the production of rare sugars especially, l-ribose and l-ribulose, while the immobilization technique can enhance its functionality and properties. The present study precises the applications of L-RIs acquired from various sources for l-ribose and l-ribulose production.
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2
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L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus parabuchneri and its whole cell biocatalytic application in D-tagatose biosynthesis from D-galactose. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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3
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de Souza TC, Oliveira RC, Bezerra SGS, Manzo RM, Mammarella EJ, Hissa DC, Gonçalves LRB. Alternative Heterologous Expression of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 By Residual Whey Lactose Induction. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:289-304. [PMID: 33502742 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports an alternative strategy for the expression of a recombinant L-AI from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 by auto-induction using glucose and glycerol as carbon sources and residual whey lactose as inducer agent. Commercial lactose and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were also evaluated as inducers for comparison of enzyme expression levels. The enzymatic extracts were purified by affinity chromatography, characterized, and applied in the bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose. L-AI presented a catalytic activity of 1.67 ± 0.14, 1.52 ± 0.01, and 0.7 ± 0.04 U/mL, when expressed using commercial lactose, lactose from whey, and IPTG, respectively. Higher activities could be obtained by changing the protocol of enzyme extraction and, for instance, the enzymatic extract produced with whey presented a catalytic activity of 3.8 U/mL. The specific activity of the enzyme extracts produced using lactose (commercial or residual whey) after enzyme purification was also higher when compared to the enzyme expressed with IPTG. Best results were achieved when enzyme expression was conducted using 4 g/L of residual whey lactose for 11 h. These results proved the efficacy of an alternative and economic protocol for the effective expression of a recombinant L-AI aiming its high-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiane C de Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Ravena Casemiro Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M Manzo
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Mammarella
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Denise Cavalcante Hissa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60455-760, Brazil.
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Sun Z, Miao T, Yin A, Qiu H, Xiao Y, Li Y, Hai J, Xu B. Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of l-arabinose isomerase of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:230-243. [PMID: 33473287 PMCID: PMC7802578 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a substitute sweetener for sucrose, d-tagatose is widely used in products, such as health drinks, yogurt, fruit juices, baked goods, confectionery, and pharmaceutical preparations. In the fermentation process of l-AI produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, d-tagatose is produced through biotransformation and this study was based on the fermentation process of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 producing l-AI to further research the biotransformation and separation process of d-tagatose. The kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption, and l-arabinose isomerase formation were established by nonlinear fitting, and the fitting degrees were 0.996, 0.994, and 0.991, respectively, which could better reflect the change rule of d-tagatose biotransformation in the fermentation process of L. plantarum WU14. The separation process of d-tagatose was identified by decolorization, protein removal, desalination, and freeze drying, initially. Finally, the volume ratio of whole cell catalysts, d-galactose, and borate was 5:1:2 at 60°C, pH 7.17 through borate complexation; then, after 24 hr of conversion, the yield of d-tagatose was 58 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Sun
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Tingting Miao
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Aiguo Yin
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Hulin Qiu
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Yunyi Xiao
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Ying Li
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Jinping Hai
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Biological and Food EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingChina
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5
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Mahmood S, Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Zhang W, Mu W. Characterization of recombinant L-ribose isomerase acquired from Cryobacterium sp. N21 with potential application in L-ribulose production. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Characterization of an L-Arabinose Isomerase from Bacillus velezensis and Its Application for L-Ribulose and L-Ribose Biosynthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:935-951. [PMID: 32617845 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Ribulose and L-ribose are two high-value unnatural sugars that can be biosynthesized by sugar isomerases. In this paper, an L-arabinose isomerase (BvAI) from Bacillus velezensis CICC 24777 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The maximum activity of recombinant BvAI was observed at 45 °C and pH 8.0, in the presence of 1.0 mM Mn2+. Approximately 207.2 g/L L-ribulose was obtained from 300 g/L L-arabinose in 1.5 h by E. coli harboring BvAI. In addition, approximately 74.25 g/L L-ribose was produced from 300 g/L L-arabinose in 7 h by E. coli co-expressing BvAI and L-RI from Actinotalea fermentans ATCC 43279 (AfRI). This study provides a feasible approach for producing L-ribose from L-arabinose using a co-expression system harboring L-Al and L-RI.
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7
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Zhang G, An Y, Parvez A, Zabed HM, Yun J, Qi X. Exploring a Highly D-Galactose Specific L-Arabinose Isomerase From Bifidobacterium adolescentis for D-Tagatose Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:377. [PMID: 32411693 PMCID: PMC7201074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Galactose-specific L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) would have much potential for the enzymatic conversion of D-Galactose into D-tagatose, while most of the reported L-AIs are L-arabinose specific. This study explored a highly D-Galactose-specific L-AI from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BAAI) for the production of D-tagatose. In the comparative protein-substrate docking for D-Galactose and L-arabinose, BAAI showed higher numbers of hydrogen bonds in D-Galactose-BAAI bonding site than those found in L-arabinose-BAAI bonding site. The activity of BAAI was 24.47 U/mg, and it showed good stability at temperatures up to 65°C and a pH range 6.0–7.5. The Km, Vmax, and Kcat/Km of BAAI were found to be 22.4 mM, 489 U/mg and 9.3 mM–1 min–1, respectively for D-Galactose, while the respective values for L-arabinose were 40.2 mM, 275.1 U/mg, and 8.6 mM–1 min–1. Enzymatic conversion of D-Galactose into D-tagatose by BAAI showed 56.7% conversion efficiency at 55°C and pH 6.5 after 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Amreesh Parvez
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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de Sousa M, Silva Gurgel B, Pessela BC, Gonçalves LRB. Preparation of CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs of a recombinant l-arabinose isomerase for d-tagatose synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109566. [PMID: 32527533 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insolubilization of a recombinant l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Enterococcus faecium by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) was investigated, aiming the biochemical production of d-tagatose from d-galactose. d-tagatose is a functional sweetener that has many health benefits, sweetening properties and lower calorific value. Different precipitants (ammonium sulfate, ethanol, acetone, polyethylene glycol 4000) were used in the first step of the protocol, in order to establish the precipitation conditions, and the best results of yield and activity were achieved with ammonium sulfate. In order to facilitate the recovery of the biocatalyst, a new strategy for immobilization of the multimeric enzyme l-arabinose isomerase was proposed. Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (m-CLEA) were obtained using ammonium sulfate as precipitant and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) functionalized with APTES (3- Aminopropyltriethoxysilane). Another immobilization strategy was to immobilize the enzyme onto MNP-APTES, as a control. The best results were achieved when the m-CLEA was produced with 20 mg of MNP, 7.69 U. g-1 of enzymatic activity, 7.61 % of recovered activity, 99 % of yield of immobilization. On the other hand, the enzyme immobilized onto MNP-APTES, presented only 2.12 U. g-1 of enzymatic activity, 32.3 % of recovered activity, and 15 % of yield of immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylane de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Silva Gurgel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Research in Food Sciences, CIAL, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C / Nicolás Cabrera 9, UAM Campus, Madrid, Spain; Department of Engineering and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Sciences and Technology, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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9
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Mahmood S, Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Hassanin HA, Zhu Y, Ni D, Mu W. Characterization of a recombinant l-ribose isomerase from Mycetocola miduiensis and its application for the production of l-ribulose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 135:109510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Biochemical Characterization of Heat-Tolerant Recombinant L-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 Strain with Feasible Applications in D-Tagatose Production. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:385-399. [PMID: 30919326 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
D-Tagatose is a ketohexose, which presents unique properties as a low-calorie functional sweetener possessing a sweet flavor profile similar to D-sucrose and having no aftertaste. Considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FAO/WHO, D-tagatose can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other optically active compounds as well as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports important features for L-arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (L-AI) use in industry. We describe arabinose (araA) gene virulence analysis, gene isolation, sequencing, cloning, and heterologous overexpression of L-AI from the food-grade GRAS bacterium Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 in Escherichia coli and assess biochemical properties of this recombinant enzyme. Recombinant L-AI (rL-AI) was one-step purified to homogeneity by Ni2+-agarose resin affinity chromatography and biochemical characterization revealed low identity with both thermophilic and mesophilic L-AIs but high degree of conservation in residues involved in substrate recognition. Optimal conditions for rL-AI activity were 50 °C, pH 5.5, and 0.3 mM Mn2+, exhibiting a low cofactor concentration requirement and an acidic optimum pH. Half-life at 45 °C and 50 °C were 1427 h and 11 h, respectively, and 21.5 h and 39.5 h at pH 4.5 and 5.6, respectively, showing the high stability of the enzyme in the presence of a metallic cofactor. Bioconversion yield for D-tagatose biosynthesis was 45% at 50 °C after 48 h. These properties highlight the technological potential of E. faecium rL-AI as biocatalyst for D-tagatose production.
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11
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de Sousa M, Melo VMM, Hissa DC, Manzo RM, Mammarella EJ, Antunes ASLM, García JL, Pessela BC, Gonçalves LRB. One-Step Immobilization and Stabilization of a Recombinant Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 L-Arabinose Isomerase for D-Tagatose Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:310-325. [PMID: 30430344 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant L-arabinose isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 was immobilized onto multifunctional epoxide supports by chemical adsorption and onto a chelate-activated support via polyhistidine-tag, located on the N-terminal (N-His-L-AI) or on the C-terminal (C-His-L-AI) sequence, followed by covalent bonding between the enzyme and the support. The results were compared to reversible L-AI immobilization by adsorption onto charged agarose supports with improved stability. All the derivatives presented immobilization yields of above 75%. The ionic interaction established between agarose gels containing monoaminoethyl-N-aminoethyl structures (MANAE) and the enzyme was the most suitable strategy for L-AI immobilization in comparison to the chelate-activated agarose. In addition, the immobilized biocatalysts by ionic interaction in MANAE showed to be the most stable, retaining up to 100% of enzyme activity for 60 min at 60 °C and with Km values of 28 and 218 mM for MANAE-N-His-L-AI and MANAE-C-His-L-AI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylane de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vânia M M Melo
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 909, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Denise C Hissa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 909, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Manzo
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S / N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Mammarella
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S / N, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - José L García
- Center for Biological Research, CIB, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C / Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Research in Food Sciences, CIAL, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C / Nicolás Cabrera 9, UAM Campus, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Engineering and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Sciences and Technology, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Roy S, Chikkerur J, Roy SC, Dhali A, Kolte AP, Sridhar M, Samanta AK. Tagatose as a Potential Nutraceutical: Production, Properties, Biological Roles, and Applications. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2699-2709. [PMID: 30334250 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to their potential applications in numerous sectors including food and feed industries. Among the emerging nutraceuticals, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche because of its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on beneficial gut bacteria. As d-tagatose is present in minute quantities in naturally occurring food substances, it is produced mainly by chemical or biological means. Recently, attempts were made for bio-production of d-tagatose using l-arabinose isomerase enzyme to overcome the challenges of chemical process of production. Applications of d-tagatose for maintaining health and wellbeing are increasing due to growing consumer awareness and apprehension against modern therapeutic agents. This review outlines the current status on d-tagatose, particularly its production, properties, biological role, applications, and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaram Chikkerur
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Chandra Roy
- Molecular Biology Unit, ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul Puroshtam Kolte
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- BE & ES Div., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Samanta
- Feed Additives & Nutraceuticals Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
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Laksmi FA, Arai S, Tsurumaru H, Nakamura Y, Saksono B, Tokunaga M, Ishibashi M. Improved substrate specificity for D-galactose of L-arabinose isomerase for industrial application. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:1084-1091. [PMID: 30282606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase isolated from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GSAI) was modified to improve its substrate specificity for D-galactose for the production of D-tagatose, a potential reduced-energy sweetener. Among the selected residues, mutation at residue 18 produced a mutant strain, H18T, which exhibited increased activity for D-galactose compared with the wild-type (WT) enzyme. Analysis of the substrate specificity of H18T showed a 45.4% improvement for D-galactose. Replacing histidine with threonine at residue 18 resulted in approximately 2.7-fold and 1.8-fold higher substrate binding and catalytic efficiency, respectively, for D-galactose. Further enhancement of the specific activity and catalytic efficiency of H18T for D-galactose by up to 2.7-fold and 4.3-fold, respectively, was achieved by adding borate during L-arabinose isomerase catalysis. Moreover, H18T showed thermostability and no destabilization was detected, which is promising for the industrial production of D-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fina Amreta Laksmi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Shigeki Arai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsurumaru
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakamura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Budi Saksono
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Masao Tokunaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Matsujiro Ishibashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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14
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Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. l -arabinose isomerases: Characteristics, modification, and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Nguyen TK, Hong MG, Chang PS, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Biochemical properties of L-arabinose isomerase from Clostridium hylemonae to produce D-tagatose as a functional sweetener. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196099. [PMID: 29684065 PMCID: PMC5912747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Tagatose has gained substantial interest due to its potential functionalities as a sucrose substitute. In this study, the gene araA, encoding l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Clostridium hylemonae (DSM 15053), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This gene consists of 1,506 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 501 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56,554 Da. Since l-AI was expressed as an intracellular inclusion body, this enzyme was solubilized with guanidine hydrochloride, refolded, and activated with a descending concentration gradient of urea. The purified enzyme exhibited the greatest activity at 50°C, pH 7-7.5, and required 1 mM of Mg2+ as a cofactor. Notably, the catalytic efficiency (3.69 mM-1sec-1) of l-AI from C. hylemonae on galactose was significantly greater than that of other previously reported enzymes. The bioconversion yield of d-tagatose using the C. hylemonae l-arabinose isomerase at 60°C reached approximately 46% from 10 mM of d-galactose after 2 h. From these results, it is suggested that the l-arabinose isomerase from C. hylemonae could be utilized as a potential enzyme for d-tagatose production due to its high conversion yield at an industrially competitive temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Kieu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
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Tseng WC, Chen CN, Hsu CT, Lee HC, Fang HY, Wang MJ, Wu YH, Fang TY. Characterization of a recombinant d-allulose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 and identification of an important interfacial residue. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:767-774. [PMID: 29427680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
d-Allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) catalyzes the epimerization between d-fructose and d-allulose. We had PCR-cloned and overexpressed the gene encoding Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 DAEase (AsDAEase) in Escherichia coli. A high yield of active AsDAEase, 35,300U/L or 1350U/g of wet cells, was acquired with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction at 20°C for 20h. Although only six residues including residue 234 located in tetrameric interface are different between AsDAEase and A. tumefaciens DAEase (AtDAEase), the specific activity of purified AsDAEase is much larger than that of AtDAEase. The optimal pHs and optimal temperatures of the purified recombinant AsDAEase are 7.5-8.0 and 55-60°C, respectively. The half-life of the enzyme is 267min at 55°C in the presence of 0.1mM Co2+, and the equilibrium ratio between d-allulose and d-fructose is 30:70 at 55°C. Besides characterizing AsDAEase, mutation N234D was constructed to assess its influence on activity. The specific activity of the purified N234D AsDAEase is only 25.5% of wild-type's activity, suggesting residue N234 is an important interfacial residue which substantially affects enzyme activity. The high specific activity and high expression yield of AsDAEase suggest its prospect to be applied in d-allulose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Nan Chen
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yi Fang
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jun Wang
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Wu
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsuei-Yun Fang
- Department of Food Science, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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17
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de Sousa M, Manzo RM, García JL, Mammarella EJ, Gonçalves LRB, Pessela BC. Engineering the l-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus Faecium for d-Tagatose Synthesis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122164. [PMID: 29211024 PMCID: PMC6149694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (l-AI) from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 was overproduced in Escherichia coli by designing a codon-optimized synthetic araA gene. Using this optimized gene, two N- and C-terminal His-tagged-l-AI proteins were produced. The cloning of the two chimeric genes into regulated expression vectors resulted in the production of high amounts of recombinant N-His-l-AI and C-His-l-AI in soluble and active forms. Both His-tagged enzymes were purified in a single step through metal-affinity chromatography and showed different kinetic and structural characteristics. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that C-His-l-AI was preferentially hexameric in solution, whereas N-His-l-AI was mainly monomeric. The specific activity of the N-His-l-AI at acidic pH was higher than that of C-His-l-AI and showed a maximum bioconversion yield of 26% at 50 °C for d-tagatose biosynthesis, with Km and Vmax parameters of 252 mM and 0.092 U mg-1, respectively. However, C-His-l-AI was more active and stable at alkaline pH than N-His-l-AI. N-His-l-AI follows a Michaelis-Menten kinetic, whereas C-His-l-AI fitted to a sigmoidal saturation curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylane de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo M Manzo
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, S3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - José L García
- Center for Biological Research, CIB, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Mammarella
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, S3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Research in Food Sciences, CIAL, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, UAM Campus, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Sciences and Technology, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, P.O. Box 1316, Talatona-Luanda Sul, Angola.
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Tseng WC, Wu TJ, Chang YJ, Cheng HW, Fang TY. Overexpression and characterization of a recombinant l -ribose isomerase from Actinotalea fermentans ATCC 43279. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zheng Z, Mei W, Xia M, He Q, Ouyang J. Rational Design of Bacillus coagulans NL01 l-Arabinose Isomerase and Use of Its F279I Variant in d-Tagatose Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4715-4721. [PMID: 28530095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
d-Tagatose is a prospective functional sweetener that can be produced by l-arabinose isomerase (AI) from d-galactose. To improve the activity of AI toward d-galactose, the AI of Bacillus coagulans was rationally designed on the basis of molecular modeling and docking. After alanine scanning and site-saturation mutagenesis, variant F279I that exhibited improved activity toward d-galactose was obtained. The optimal temperature and pH of F279I were determined to be 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. This variant possessed 1.4-fold catalytic efficiency compared with the wild-type (WT) enzyme. The recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing F279I also showed obvious advantages over the WT in biotransformation. Under optimal conditions, 67.5 and 88.4 g L-1 d-tagatose could be produced from 150 and 250 g L-1 d-galactose, respectively, in 15 h. The biocatalyst constructed in this study presents a promising alternative for large-scale d-tagatose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wending Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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Xu W, Fan C, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Novel L-Arabinose Isomerase from the Psychrotolerant Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 58:695-706. [PMID: 27586234 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase (L-AI, EC 5.3.1.4) catalyzes the isomerization between L-arabinose and L-ribulose, and most of the reported ones can also catalyze D-galactose to D-tagatose, except Bacillus subtilis L-AI. In this article, the L-AI from the psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 14393 was characterized. The enzyme showed no substrate specificity toward D-galactose, which was similar to B. subtilis L-AI but distinguished from other reported L-AIs. The araA gene encoding the P. haloplanktis L-AI was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified by one-step nickel affinity chromatography . The enzyme displayed the maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 8.0, and showed more than 75 % of maximal activity from pH 7.5-9.0. Metal ion Mn2+ was required as optimum metal cofactor for activity simulation, but it did not play a significant role in thermostability improvement as reported previously. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m), turnover number (k cat), and catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) for substrate L-arabinose were measured to be 111.68 mM, 773.30/min, and 6.92/mM/min, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that the active site residues of P. haloplanktis L-AI could only immobilize L-arabinose and recognized it as substrate for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Shin KC, Sim DH, Seo MJ, Oh DK. Increased Production of Food-Grade d-Tagatose from d-Galactose by Permeabilized and Immobilized Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS Host, Expressing d-Galactose Isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8146-8153. [PMID: 27734668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The generally recognized as safe microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing Geobacillus thermodenitrificans d-galactose isomerase (d-GaI) was an efficient host for the production of d-tagatose, a functional sweetener. The d-tagatose production at 500 g/L d-galactose by the host was 1.4-fold higher than that by Escherichia coli expressing d-GaI. The d-tagatose-producing activity of permeabilized C. glutamicum (PCG) cells treated with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 was 2.1-fold higher than that of untreated cells. Permeabilized and immobilized C. glutamicum (PICG) cells in 3% (w/v) alginate showed a 3.1-fold longer half-life at 50 °C and 3.1-fold higher total d-tagatose concentration in repeated batch reactions than PCG cells. PICG cells, which produced 165 g/L d-tagatose after 3 h, with a conversion of 55% (w/w) and a productivity of 55 g/L/h, showed significantly higher d-tagatose productivity than that reported for other cells. Thus, d-tagatose production by PICG cells may be an economical process to produce food-grade d-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Sim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
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Advances in the enzymatic production of L-hexoses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6971-9. [PMID: 27344591 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare sugars have recently drawn attention because of their potential applications and huge market demands in the food and pharmaceutical industries. All L-hexoses are considered rare sugars, as they rarely occur in nature and are thus very expensive. L-Hexoses are important components of biologically relevant compounds as well as being used as precursors for certain pharmaceutical drugs and thus play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. Many general strategies have been established for the synthesis of L-hexoses; however, the only one used in the biotechnology industry is the Izumoring strategy. In hexose Izumoring, four entrances link the D- to L-enantiomers, ketose 3-epimerases catalyze the C-3 epimerization of L-ketohexoses, and aldose isomerases catalyze the specific bioconversion of L-ketohexoses and the corresponding L-aldohexoses. In this article, recent studies on the enzymatic production of various L-hexoses are reviewed based on the Izumoring strategy.
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Choi JM, Lee YJ, Cao TP, Shin SM, Park MK, Lee HS, di Luccio E, Kim SB, Lee SJ, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Lee DW. Structure of the thermophilic l-Arabinose isomerase from Geobacillus kaustophilus reveals metal-mediated intersubunit interactions for activity and thermostability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 596:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Liang J, Xu H. L-Arabinose isomerase and its use for biotechnological production of rare sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8869-78. [PMID: 25280744 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase (AI), a key enzyme in the microbial pentose phosphate pathway, has been regarded as an important biological catalyst in rare sugar production. This enzyme could isomerize L-arabinose into L-ribulose, as well as D-galactose into D-tagatose. Both the two monosaccharides show excellent commercial values in food and pharmaceutical industries. With the identification of novel AI family members, some of them have exhibited remarkable potential in industrial applications. The biological production processes for D-tagatose and L-ribose (or L-ribulose) using AI have been developed and improved in recent years. Meanwhile, protein engineering techniques involving rational design has effectively enhanced the catalytic properties of various AIs. Moreover, the crystal structure of AI has been disclosed, which sheds light on the understanding of AI structure and catalytic mechanism at molecular levels. This article reports recent developments in (i) novel AI screening, (ii) AI-mediated rare sugar production processes, (iii) molecular modification of AI, and (iv) structural biology study of AI. Based on previous reports, an analysis of the future development has also been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kim BJ, Hong SH, Shin KC, Jo YS, Oh DK. Characterization of a F280N variant of l-arabinose isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans identified as a d-galactose isomerase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9271-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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