1
|
Núñez D, Oyarzún P, González S, Martínez I. Toward biomanufacturing of next-generation bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based materials with tailored properties: A review on genetic engineering approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108390. [PMID: 38823654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that is drawing significant attention for a wide range of applications thanks to its unique structure and excellent properties, such as high purity, mechanical strength, high water holding capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the biomanufacturing of BNC is hindered due to its low yield, the instability of microbial strains and cost limitations that prevent it from being mass-produced on a large scale. Various approaches have been developed to address these problems by genetically modifying strains and to produce BNC-based biomaterials with added value. These works are summarized and discussed in the present article, which include the overexpression and knockout of genes related and not related with the nanocellulose biosynthetic operon, the application of synthetic biology approaches and CRISPR/Cas techniques to modulate BNC biosynthesis. Further discussion is provided on functionalized BNC-based biomaterials with tailored properties that are incorporated in-vivo during its biosynthesis using genetically modified strains either in single or co-culture systems (in-vivo manufacturing). This novel strategy holds potential to open the road toward cost-effective production processes and to find novel applications in a variety of technology and industrial fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariela Núñez
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Irene Martínez
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang D, Hu L, Xu R, Zhang W, Xiong H, Wang Y, Du G, Kang Z. Production of different molecular weight glycosaminoglycans with microbial cell factories. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110324. [PMID: 37742407 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are naturally occurring acidic polysaccharides with wide applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and health foods. The diverse biological activities and physiological functions of GAGs are closely associated with their molecular weights and sulfation patterns. Except for the non-sulfated hyaluronan which can be synthesized naturally by group A Streptococcus, all the other GAGs such as heparin and chondroitin sulfate are mainly acquired from animal tissues. Microbial cell factories provide a more effective platform for the production of structurally homogeneous GAGs. Enhancing the production efficiency of polysaccharides, accurately regulating the GAGs molecular weight, and effectively controlling the sulfation degree of GAGs represent the major challenges of developing GAGs microbial cell factories. Several enzymatic, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology strategies have been developed to tackle these obstacles and push forward the industrialization of biotechnologically produced GAGs. This review summarizes the recent advances in the construction of GAGs synthesis cell factories, regulation of GAG molecular weight, and modification of GAGs chains. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for future research in this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amjad Zanjani FS, Afrasiabi S, Norouzian D, Ahmadian G, Hosseinzadeh SA, Fayazi Barjin A, Cohan RA, Keramati M. Hyaluronic acid production and characterization by novel Bacillus subtilis harboring truncated Hyaluronan Synthase. AMB Express 2022; 12:88. [PMID: 35821141 PMCID: PMC9445140 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer that has important physiological and industrial applications due to its viscoelastic and hydrophilic characteristics. The responsible enzyme for HA production is Hyaluronan synthase (HAS). Although in vitro structure–function of intact HAS enzyme has been partly identified, there is no data on in vivo function of truncated HAS forms. In the current study, novel recombinant Bacillus subtilis strains harboring full length (RBSFA) and truncated forms of SeHAS (RBSTr4 and RBSTr3) were developed and HA production was studied in terms of titer, production rate and molecular weight (Mw). The maximum HA titer for RBSFA, RBSTr4 and RBSTr3 was 602 ± 16.6, 503 ± 19.4 and 728 ± 22.9 mg/L, respectively. Also, the HA production rate was 20.02, 15.90 and 24.42 mg/L.h−1, respectively. The findings revealed that RBSTr3 produced 121% and 137% more HA rather than RBSFA and RBSTr4, respectively. More interestingly, the HA Mw was about 60 kDa for all strains which is much smaller than those obtained in prior studies. The strains containing truncated forms of SeHAS enzysme are able to produce HA. The HA from all recombinant strains was the same and low Mw. Deletion of C-terminal region of SeHAS was not effective on Mw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shadi Afrasiabi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fayazi Barjin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Keramati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeeva P, Jayaprakash SR, Jayaraman G. Hyaluronic acid production is enhanced by harnessing the heme-induced respiration in recombinant Lactococcus lactis cultures. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Manfrão-Netto JHC, Queiroz EB, de Oliveira Junqueira AC, Gomes AMV, Gusmão de Morais D, Paes HC, Parachin NS. Genetic strategies for improving hyaluronic acid production in recombinant bacterial culture. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:822-840. [PMID: 34327773 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biopolymer of repeating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its market was valued at USD 8.9 billion in 2019. Traditionally, HA has been obtained from rooster comb-like animal tissues and fermentative cultures of attenuated pathogenic streptococci. Various attempts have been made to engineer a safe micro-organism for HA synthesis; however, the HA titres obtained from these attempts are in general still lower than those achieved by natural, pathogenic producers. In this scenario, ways to increase HA molecule length and titres in already constructed strains are gaining attention in the last years, but no recent publication has reviewed the main genetic strategies applied to improve HA production on heterologous hosts. In light of that, we hereby compile the advances made in the engineering of micro-organisms to improve HA synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João H C Manfrão-Netto
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Enzo Bento Queiroz
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana C de Oliveira Junqueira
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Antônio M V Gomes
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gusmão de Morais
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Clinical Medicine Division, University of Brasília Medical School, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, He W, Wang T, Li M, Li X. Sucrose-modified iron nanoparticles for highly efficient microbial production of hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111854. [PMID: 34022706 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) were hypothesized to enhance fermentation processes and assist microorganisms in producing valuable biopolymers. Donors of trace iron, i.e., FeSO4·7H2O, zero-valence iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs), and ferric oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs), were tested to study the impact on hyaluronic acid (HA) production. The bioprocess with the addition of 30 mg/L Fe NPs produced higher HA than the other groups. However, Fe NPs were limited by the synergistic effect of geomagnetism and high surface energy, resulting in obvious agglomeration behavior. To address this, we developed novel sucrose-modified iron nanoparticles (SM-Fe NPs), which showed effective improvement of dispersion and agglomeration. Concerning the SM-Fe NP additives, an adequate supply of nutrients and trace elements provided sufficient substrates and energy for the reproduction of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Furthermore, the highest HA production with the addition of 30 mg/L SM-Fe NPs was 0.226 g/L, and the dry weight of the produced HA increased 3.28 times compared with the control group (0.069 g/L). This work significantly improved HA production and presented promising opportunities for industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Wei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Man Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao L, Ma Z, Yin J, Shi G, Ding Z. Biological strategies for oligo/polysaccharide synthesis: biocatalyst and microbial cell factory. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117695. [PMID: 33593568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides constitute the principal components of carbohydrates, which are important biomacromolecules that demonstrate considerable bioactivities. However, the variety and structural complexity of oligo/polysaccharides represent a major challenge for biological and structural explorations. To access structurally defined oligo/polysaccharides, biological strategies using glycoenzyme biocatalysts have shown remarkable synthetic potential attributed to their regioselectivity and stereoselectivity that allow mild, structurally controlled reaction without addition of protecting groups necessary in chemical strategies. This review summarizes recent biotechnological approaches of oligo/polysaccharide synthesis, which mainly includes in vitro enzymatic synthesis and cell factory synthesis. We have discussed the important factors involved in the production of nucleotide sugars. Furthermore, the strategies established in the cell factory and enzymatic syntheses are summarized, and we have highlighted concepts like metabolic flux rebuilding and regulation, enzyme engineering, and route design as important strategies. The research challenges and prospects are also outlined and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gunasekaran V, D G, V P. Role of membrane proteins in bacterial synthesis of hyaluronic acid and their potential in industrial production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1916-1926. [PMID: 32791275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan polymer found in various parts of human body and is required for functions like lubrication, water homeostasis etc. Hyaluronic acid is mostly produced industrially by bacterial fermentation for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. This review discusses on the role of membrane proteins involved in synthesis and transport of bacterial HA, since HA is a transmembrane product. The different types of membrane proteins involved, their transcriptional control in wild type bacteria and the expression of those proteins in various recombinant hosts have been discussed. The role of phospholipids and metal ions on membrane proteins activity, HA yield and size of HA have also been discussed. Today with an estimated market of US$ 8.3 billion and which is expected to grow to US$ 15.25 billion in 2026, it is essential to increase the efficiency of the industrial HA production process. So this review also proposes on how those membrane proteins and cellular mechanisms like the transcriptional control can be utilised to develop efficient industrial strains that enhance the yield and size of HA produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowdhaman D
- Biomass conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusami V
- Biomass conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu K, Catchmark JM. Bacterial cellulose/hyaluronic acid nanocomposites production through co-culturing Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Lactococcus lactis in a two-vessel circulating system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121715. [PMID: 31295575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) based composites have been widely studied in the biomedical field. In this study, the BC/HA (hyaluronic acid) nanocomposites in the pellicle form were directly produced through co-culturing Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 and Lactococcus lactis APJ3 in a novel two-vessel circulating system. The concentration of HA secreted by L. lactis was controlled through adjusting the constant feed rate of glucose. The dynamic growth of the strains revealed that L. lactis was mainly growing within 48 h while G. hansenii started to grow after 48 h. XRD analysis indicated the presence of HA would not affect the crystallinity of cellulose but increase the crystalline sizes. The FESEM images showed that more ribbons within the width of 20-40 nm and larger ribbons between 180 and 360 nm were observed in BC/HA. The strain at break and the water holding capacity of BC/HA increased with the concentration of HA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Catchmark
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schulte S, Doss SS, Jeeva P, Ananth M, Blank LM, Jayaraman G. Exploiting the diversity of streptococcal hyaluronan synthases for the production of molecular weight–tailored hyaluronan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7567-7581. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Puvendran K, Jayaraman G. Enhancement of acetyl-CoA by acetate co-utilization in recombinant Lactococcus lactis cultures enables the production of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6989-7001. [PMID: 31267232 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a critical property which determines its usage in various biomedical applications. This study investigates the correlation between the availability of a critical cofactor, acetyl-CoA, the concentration of a limiting precursor, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), and the molecular weight of HA (MWHA) produced by recombinant Lactococcus lactis MKG6 cultures. This strain expressed three heterologous HA-pathway genes obtained from the has operon of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in an ldh-mutant host strain, L. lactis NZ9020. A flux balance analysis, performed using the L. lactis genome-scale metabolic network, showed a positive correlation of acetyl-CoA flux with the UDP-GlcNAc flux and the experimental data on HA productivity. To increase the intracellular levels of acetyl-CoA, acetate was supplemented as a pulse feed in anaerobic batch cultures. However, acetate is effectively utilized only in the presence of glucose and exhaustion of glucose resulted in decreasing the final MWHA (1.5 MDa). Co-supplementation of acetate resulted in enhancing the acetyl-CoA and UDP-GlcNAc levels as well as the MWHA to 2.5 MDa. This logic was extended to fed-batch cultures, designed with a pH-based feedback control of glucose feeding and pulse acetate supplementation. When the glucose feed concentration was optimally adjusted to prevent glucose exhaustion or accumulation, the acetate utilization was found to be high, resulting in significantly enhanced levels of acetyl-CoA and UDP-GlcNAc as well as a MWHA of 3.4 MDa, which was sustained at this value throughout the process. This study provides the possibility of commercially producing high MWHA using recombinant L. lactis strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirubhakaran Puvendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uncovering Novel Pathways for Enhancing Hyaluronan Synthesis in Recombinant Lactococcus lactis: Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling and Experimental Validation. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan with important medical applications, is commercially produced from pathogenic microbial sources. The metabolism of HA-producing recombinant generally regarded as safe (GRAS) systems needs to be more strategically engineered to achieve yields higher than native producers. Here, we use a genome-scale model (GEM) to account for the entire metabolic network of the cell while predicting strategies to improve HA production. We analyze the metabolic network of Lactococcus lactis adapted to produce HA and identify non-conventional strategies to enhance HA flux. We also show experimental verification of one of the predicted strategies. We thus identified an alternate route for enhancement of HA synthesis, originating from the nucleoside inosine, that can function in parallel with the traditionally known route from glucose. Adopting this strategy resulted in a 2.8-fold increase in HA yield. The strategies identified and the experimental results show that the cell is capable of involving a larger subset of metabolic pathways in HA production. Apart from being the first report to use a nucleoside to improve HA production, we demonstrate the role of experimental validation in model refinement and strategy improvisation. Overall, we point out that well-constructed GEMs could be used to derive efficient strategies to improve the biosynthesis of high-value products.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sahoo TK, Jayaraman G. Co-culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and engineered Lactococcus lactis enhances stoichiometric yield of D-lactic acid from whey permeate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5653-5662. [PMID: 31115633 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
D-Lactic acid (D-LA) is an enantiomer of lactic acid, which has a niche application in synthesis of poly-lactic acid based (PLA) polymer owing to its contribution to the thermo-stability of stereo-complex PLA polymer. Utilization of renewable substrates such as whey permeate is pivotal to economically viable production of D-LA. In present work, we have demonstrated D-LA production from whey permeate by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and engineered Lactococcus lactis. We observed that lactose fermentation by a monoculture of L. delbrueckii yields D-LA and galactose as major products. The highest yield of D-LA obtained was 0.48 g g-1 when initial lactose concentration was 30 g L-1. Initial lactose concentration beyond 20 g L-1 resulted in accumulation of glucose and galactose, and hence, reduced the stoichiometric yield of D-LA. L. lactis naturally produces L-lactic acid (L-LA), so a mutant strain of L. lactis (L. lactis Δldh ΔldhB ΔldhX) was used to prevent L-LA production and engineer it for D-LA production. Heterologous over-expression of D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) in the recombinant strain L. lactis TSG1 resulted in 0.67 g g-1 and 0.44 g g-1 of D-LA yield from lactose and galactose, respectively. Co-expression of galactose permease (galP) and α-phosphoglucomutase (pgmA) with ldhA in the recombinant strain L. lactis TSG3 achieved a D-LA yield of 0.92 g g-1 from galactose. A co-culture batch process of L. delbrueckii and L. lactis TSG3 achieved an enhanced stoichiometric yield of 0.90 g g-1 and ~45 g L-1D-LA from whey permeate (lactose). This is the highest reported yield of D-LA from lactose substrate, and the titres can be improved further by a suitably designed fed-batch co-culture process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tridweep K Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jeeva P, Shanmuga Doss S, Sundaram V, Jayaraman G. Production of controlled molecular weight hyaluronic acid by glucostat strategy using recombinant Lactococcus lactis cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4363-4375. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Sunguroğlu C, Sezgin DE, Aytar Çelik P, Çabuk A. Higher titer hyaluronic acid production in recombinant Lactococcus lactis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:734-742. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1508036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Sunguroğlu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilber Ece Sezgin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Aytar Çelik
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çabuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Attia YA, Kobeasy MI, Samer M. Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles influence on hyaluronic acid production from Streptococcus equi. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Puvendran K, Anupama K, Jayaraman G. Real-time monitoring of hyaluronic acid fermentation by in situ transflectance spectroscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2659-2669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
18
|
Improved Yield of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Production in a Stable Strain of Streptococcus zooepidemicus via the Elimination of the Hyaluronidase-Encoding Gene. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:192-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Hamad GM, H. Taha T, E. Hafez E, El Sohaimy S. Physicochemical, Molecular and Functional Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid as a Functional Food. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2017.72.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Kaur M, Jayaraman G. Hyaluronan production and molecular weight is enhanced in pathway-engineered strains of lactate dehydrogenase-deficient Lactococcus lactis. Metab Eng Commun 2016; 3:15-23. [PMID: 29468110 PMCID: PMC5779726 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential advantages of hyaluronic acid (HA) production by metabolically-engineered Lactococcus lactis is constrained by the lower molecular weight and yield of HA obtained in these strains, compared to natural producers. Earlier studies have correlated lower HA yield with excessive lactate production in L. lactis cultures (Chauhan et al., 2014). In the present study, a three-fold increase was observed in the amount as well as molecular weight of HA produced by recombinant ldh-mutant L. lactis strains. The diversion from lactate production in the ldh-mutant strains resulted in excess ethanol and acetoin production and higher NAD+/NADH ratio in these cultures. The initial NAD+/NADH ratio showed a positive correlation with HA molecular weight as well as with the HA-precursor ratio (UDP-GlcUA/UDP-GlcNAc). The influence of NAD+/NADH ratio on regulation of the concerned metabolic pathways was assessed by transcriptional analysis of key genes having putative binding sites of the NADH-binding transcriptional factor, Rex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajendran V, Puvendran K, Guru BR, Jayaraman G. Design of aqueous two-phase systems for purification of hyaluronic acid produced by metabolically engineered Lactococcus lactis. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:655-62. [PMID: 26643937 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of biomedical applications and its commercial value is highly dependent on its purity and molecular weight. This study highlights the utility of aqueous two-phase separation as a primary recovery step for hyaluronic acid and for removal of major protein impurities from fermentation broths. Metabolically engineered cultures of a lactate dehydrogenase mutant strain of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis NZ9020) were used to produce high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The cell-free fermentation broth was partially purified using a polyethylene glycol/potassium phosphate system, resulting in nearly 100% recovery of hyaluronic acid in the salt-rich bottom phase in all the aqueous two-phase separation experiments. These experiments were optimized for maximum removal of protein impurities in the polyethylene glycol rich top phase. The removal of protein impurities resulted in substantial reduction of membrane fouling in the subsequent diafiltration process, carried out with a 300 kDa polyether sulfone membrane. This step resulted in considerable purification of hyaluronic acid, without any loss in recovery and molecular weight. Diafiltration was followed by an adsorption step to remove minor impurities and achieve nearly 100% purity. The final hyaluronic acid product was characterized by Fourier-transform IR and NMR spectroscopy, confirming its purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirubhakaran Puvendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Bharath Raja Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|