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Mariraj Mohan S, Swathi T. A review on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor: Factors affecting performance, modification of configuration and its derivatives. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e1665. [PMID: 34837281 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor can be considered as one of the promising anaerobic wastewater treatment technologies suitable for the treatment of high-strength wastewater. In the recent period, researchers have focused on the treatment of low-strength wastewater using this technology. This review focuses on the key factors affecting the reactor performance such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, organic loading rate (OLR), pH and alkalinity, granulation, wastewater characteristics, mixing, and modification to conventional configuration. Start-up and granulation played a major role in the determination of reactor performance, and various theories have been proposed to understand the mechanism of granulation. Correlation between start-up time and OLR was found to be low, as other operating parameters might have been influencing the start-up time. Flowchart depicting the development of UASB reactor over time is included. In the present work, further development and derivatives of the UASB reactor such as static granular bed reactor (SGBR) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor are analyzed. The optimal conditions for UASB for treating various types of substrates was found to be HRT of 3-24 h, OLR of 1-15 kg COD/m3 /d, and operational temperature in mesophilic range (30-40°C). Analysis of various modifications that pave the way for identification of future areas of research to improve reactor performance is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mariraj Mohan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India
| | - T Swathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India
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Gaur VK, Sharma P, Sirohi R, Awasthi MK, Dussap CG, Pandey A. Assessing the impact of industrial waste on environment and mitigation strategies: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:123019. [PMID: 32768833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand of rising population leads to the escalation of industrial sectors such as agro-, food-, paper and pulp industries. These industries generated hazardous waste which is primarily organic in nature thus is being dumped or processed in the environment. These waste leads to increasing contamination leading to increased mortality, physical and morphological changes in the organisms/animals in contact. Although the generated waste is hazardous yet it predominantly contains macromolecules and bioactive compounds thus can be efficiently utilized for the extraction and production of value added products. This article reviews the effect of these waste streams on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since these wastes abundantly contain proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and lignocelluloses thus recycling, reuse and valorization offers an effective strategy for their reduction while comforting the environment. The policies laid down by national and international agencies that directs these industries for reducing the generation of waste and increasing the recyclability and reuse of the generated waste is discussed and the gaps and bottlenecks for these is identified. This study essentially provides the state-of-art information on above aspects by identifying the gaps for future research directions and may contribute in policy development for mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Polytech Clermont Ferrand, Institut Pascal, Univeriste Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tang Z, Lin Z, Wang Y, Zhao P, Kuang F, Zhou J. Coupling of thermophilic biofilm-based systems and ozonation for enhanced organics removal from high-temperature pulping wastewater: Performance, microbial communities, and pollutant transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136802. [PMID: 31982769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the establishment of thermophilic biofilm-based systems (TBSs) coupled with ozonation for treatment of high-temperature pulping wastewater. The effects of the inoculum, sludge growth mode, and temperature were investigated. These factors played roles in the organics removal performance and microbial communities of pulping wastewater treatment systems. At 50 °C, the TBS inoculated with optimal inoculum achieved 59.12% and 37.96% reductions in COD and chromaticity, which were superior to the reductions achieved by other systems. In this TBS, thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms (Chloroflexus, Meiothermus, norank_f_Caldilineaceae, and Roseiflexus) and carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria (norank_f_Anaerolineaceae) were predominant. Their relative abundances were 25.55% and 10.42%, respectively. For enhanced removal of COD and chromaticity, an integrated system consisting of a primary TBS, ozonation, and a secondary TBS was proposed. The total COD and chromaticity removal efficiencies increased to 90.48% and 87.89%, respectively. BOD5/COD increased from 0.20 to 0.40, and shifts of lignin-like and humic acid-like substances were observed during ozonation with the primary TBS effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Faguo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Kumar Gupta G, Shukla P. Insights into the resources generation from pulp and paper industry wastes: Challenges, perspectives and innovations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122496. [PMID: 31831257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulp and paper industry is swiftly budding to fulfill industrial needs and with the growth of this industry, a large amount of waste has also generated which includes biological sludge generated from the wood digestion process, fly ash accumulation and lime mud produced in chemical reagent recovery circuit. There are many health hazards associated with generated wastes and this waste material can be utilized in sustainable ways to generate useful resources through technological innovations. This review highlights a few useful aspects of waste conversion to resources like the production of green energy, sorbent development, and clinker preparation. The generation of resources from such wastes is a revolutionary and innovative concept for sustainable development including valorization of the generated waste to integrate pulp and paper industry with biorefinery. This review paper focuses on the sustainable utilization of waste from such industry along with its efficiency and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddu Kumar Gupta
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Okonkwo O, Escudie R, Bernet N, Mangayil R, Lakaniemi AM, Trably E. Bioaugmentation enhances dark fermentative hydrogen production in cultures exposed to short-term temperature fluctuations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:439-449. [PMID: 31754763 PMCID: PMC6942602 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-producing mixed cultures were subjected to a 48-h downward or upward temperature fluctuation from 55 to 35 or 75 °C. Hydrogen production was monitored during the fluctuations and for three consecutive batch cultivations at 55 °C to evaluate the impact of temperature fluctuations and bioaugmentation with synthetic mixed culture of known H2 producers either during or after the fluctuation. Without augmentation, H2 production was significantly reduced during the downward temperature fluctuation and no H2 was produced during the upward fluctuation. H2 production improved significantly during temperature fluctuation when bioaugmentation was applied to cultures exposed to downward or upward temperatures. However, when bioaugmentation was applied after the fluctuation, i.e., when the cultures were returned to 55 °C, the H2 yields obtained were between 1.6 and 5% higher than when bioaugmentation was applied during the fluctuation. Thus, the results indicate the usefulness of bioaugmentation in process recovery, especially if bioaugmentation time is optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahul Mangayil
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Lakaniemi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eric Trably
- LBE, Univ Montpellier, INRA, Narbonne, France
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Saranga VK, Kumar PK, Verma K, Bhagawan D, Himabindu V, Narasu ML. Effect of Biohythane Production from Distillery Spent Wash with Addition of Landfill Leachate and Sewage Wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:30-43. [PMID: 31297754 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of the industrial and domestic sectors has led to the rise of several energy and environmental issues. In accordance with sustainable development and waste minimization issues, biohydrogen production along with biomethane production via two-stage fermentation process using microorganisms from renewable sources has received considerable attention. In the present study, biohythane production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in a two-stage (Biohydrogen and Biomethane) fermentation process under anaerobic conditions. Optimization of high organic content (COD) distillery spent wash effluent (DSPW) with dilution using sewage wastewater was carried out. Addition of leachate as a nutrient source was also studied for effective biohythane production. The experimental results showed that the maximum biohythane production at optimized concentration (substrate concentration of 60 g/L with 30% of leachate as a nutrient source) was 67 mmol/L bio-H2 and with bio-CH4 production of 42 mmol/L. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Krishna Saranga
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - P Kiran Kumar
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - Kavita Verma
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - D Bhagawan
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - V Himabindu
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India.
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
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