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De Micco V, Amitrano C, Mastroleo F, Aronne G, Battistelli A, Carnero-Diaz E, De Pascale S, Detrell G, Dussap CG, Ganigué R, Jakobsen ØM, Poulet L, Van Houdt R, Verseux C, Vlaeminck SE, Willaert R, Leys N. Plant and microbial science and technology as cornerstones to Bioregenerative Life Support Systems in space. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37620398 PMCID: PMC10449850 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term human space exploration missions require environmental control and closed Life Support Systems (LSS) capable of producing and recycling resources, thus fulfilling all the essential metabolic needs for human survival in harsh space environments, both during travel and on orbital/planetary stations. This will become increasingly necessary as missions reach farther away from Earth, thereby limiting the technical and economic feasibility of resupplying resources from Earth. Further incorporation of biological elements into state-of-the-art (mostly abiotic) LSS, leading to bioregenerative LSS (BLSS), is needed for additional resource recovery, food production, and waste treatment solutions, and to enable more self-sustainable missions to the Moon and Mars. There is a whole suite of functions crucial to sustain human presence in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and successful settlement on Moon or Mars such as environmental control, air regeneration, waste management, water supply, food production, cabin/habitat pressurization, radiation protection, energy supply, and means for transportation, communication, and recreation. In this paper, we focus on air, water and food production, and waste management, and address some aspects of radiation protection and recreation. We briefly discuss existing knowledge, highlight open gaps, and propose possible future experiments in the short-, medium-, and long-term to achieve the targets of crewed space exploration also leading to possible benefits on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Chiara Amitrano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Microbiology Unit, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Viale Marconi 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Eugenie Carnero-Diaz
- Institute of Systematic, Evolution, Biodiversity, Sorbonne University, National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, EPHE, UA, 45, rue Buffon CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Gisela Detrell
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Øyvind Mejdell Jakobsen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Space (CIRiS), NTNU Social Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lucie Poulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Cyprien Verseux
- Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ronnie Willaert
- Research Groups NAMI and NANO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400, Mol, Belgium
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Nguyen TV, Viver T, Smets I, Bernaerts K, Faust K, Lavigne R, Poughon L, Dussap CG, Springael D. Thermocaproicibacter melissae gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic chain-elongating bacterium, producing n-caproate from polymeric carbohydrates. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37200213 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain MDTJ8T is a chain-elongating thermophilic bacterium isolated from a thermophilic acidogenic anaerobic digestor treating human waste while producing the high commodity chemical n-caproate. The strain grows and produces formate, acetate, n-butyrate, n-caproate and lactate from mono-, di- and polymeric saccharides at 37-60 °C (optimum, 50-55 °C) and at pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5). The organism is an obligate anaerobe, is motile and its cells form rods (0.3-0.5×1.0-3.0 µm) that stain Gram-positive and occur primarily as chains. Phylogenetic analysis of both the 16S rRNA gene and full genome sequence shows that strain MDTJ8T belongs to a group that consists of mesophylic chain-elongating bacteria within the family Oscillospiraceae, being nearest to Caproicibacter fermentans EA1T (94.8 %) and Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans BS-1T (93.7 %). Its genome (1.96 Mbp) with a G+C content of 49.6 mol% is remarkably smaller than those of other chain-elongating bacteria of the family Oscillospiraceae. Pairwise average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MDJT8T and its mesophilic family members are less than 70 and 35 %, respectively, while pairwise average amino acid identity values are less than 68 %. In addition, strain MDJT8T uses far less carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate substrates compared to its nearest family members. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain MDTJ8T are C14 : 0, C14 : 0 DMA (dimethyl acetal) and C16 : 0, while its polar lipid profile shows three unidentified glycophospholipids, 11 glycolipids, 13 phospholipids and six unidentified lipids. No respiratory quinones and polyamines are detected. Based on its phylogenetic, genotypic, morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain MDTJ8T represents a novel species and novel genus of the family Oscillospiraceae and Thermocaproicibacter melissae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed as its name. The type strain is MDTJ8T (=DSM 114174T=LMG 32615T=NCCB 100883T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Van Nguyen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Ilse Smets
- Chemical Reactor Engineering and Safety, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- Chemical Reactor Engineering and Safety, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karoline Faust
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurent Poughon
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Van Nguyen T, Viver T, Mortier J, Liu B, Smets I, Bernaerts K, Faust K, Lavigne R, Poughon L, Dussap CG, Springael D. Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic chain elongating bacterium that produces the high commodity chemical n-caproate from polymeric carbohydrates. Bioresour Technol 2023; 367:128170. [PMID: 36283667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A thermophilic chain elongating bacterium, strain MDTJ8, was isolated from a thermophilic acidogenic anaerobic digestor producing n-caproate from human waste, growing optimally at 50-55 °C and pH 6.5. 16S rRNA gene analysis suggests that MDTJ8 represents a new species/genus within a group currently composed of mesophilic chain elongators of the Oscillospiraceae family. Genome analysis showed that strain MDTJ8 contains homologues of genes encoding for chain elongation and energy conservation but also indicated n-caproate production from carbohydrates including polymeric substances. This was confirmed by culturing experiments in which MDTJ8 converted, at pH 6.5 and 55 °C, mono-, di- and polymeric carbohydrates (starch and hemicellulose) to n-caproate reaching concentrations up to 283 mg/L and accounting for up to 10 % of the measured fermentation products. MDTJ8 is the first axenic organism that thermophilically performs chain elongation, opening doors to understand and intensify thermophilic bioprocesses targeting anaerobic digestion towards the production of the value-added chemical n-caproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Van Nguyen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Jonah Mortier
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smets
- Chemical Reactor Engineering and Safety, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- Chemical Reactor Engineering and Safety, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karoline Faust
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurent Poughon
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Avenue Blaise Pascal 4, F-63178 Aubiére cedex, France
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Garcia-Gragera D, Peiro E, Arnau C, Cornet JF, Dussap CG, Godia F. Dynamics of long-term continuous culture of Limnospira indica in an air-lift photobioreactor. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:931-948. [PMID: 34342154 PMCID: PMC8913870 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MELiSSA (Microecological Life Support System Alternative) is a developing technology for regenerative life support to enable long-term human missions in Space and has developed a demonstration Pilot Plant. One of the components of the MELiSSA Pilot Plant system is an 83L external loop air-lift photobioreactor (PBR) where Limnospira indica (previously named Arthrospira sp. PC8005) is axenically cultivated in a continuous operation mode for long-periods. Its mission is to provide O2 and consume CO2 while producing edible material. Biological and process characterization of this PBR is performed by analysing the effect of two main variables, dilution rate (D) and PFD (Photon Flux Density) illumination. A maximum oxygen productivity ( r O 2 ) of 1.35 mmol l-1 h-1 is obtained at a D of 0.025 h-1 and PFD of 930 µmol m-2 s-1 . Photoinhibition can occur when a 1 g l-1 cell density culture is exposed to PFD higher than 1700 µmol m-2 s-1 . This process is reversible if the illumination is returned to dim light (150 µmol m-2 s-1 ), proving the cell adaptability and capacity to respond at different illumination conditions. Influence of light intensity in cell composition is also described. Specific photon flux density (qPFD) has a direct effect on phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll content causing a decrease of 62.5% and 47.8%, respectively, when qPFD increases from 6.1 to 19.2 µmol g-1 s-1 . The same trend is observed for proteins and the opposite for carbohydrate content. Morphological and spiral structural features of L. indica are studied by confocal microscopy, and size distribution parameters are quantified. A direct effect between trichome width and CDW/OD ratio is observed. Changes in size distribution are not correlated with environmental factors, further confirms the adaptation capacity of the cells. The systematic analysis performed provides valuable insights to understand the key performance criteria of continuous culture in air-lift PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garcia-Gragera
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Peiro
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CERES, Instituts d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Arnau
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CERES, Instituts d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Cornet
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francesc Godia
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Claude Chipaux Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,CERES, Instituts d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Fahrion J, Mastroleo F, Dussap CG, Leys N. Use of Photobioreactors in Regenerative Life Support Systems for Human Space Exploration. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:699525. [PMID: 34276632 PMCID: PMC8281973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still many challenges to overcome for human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) (e.g., to the Moon) and for long-term missions (e.g., to Mars). One of the biggest problems is the reliable air, water and food supply for the crew. Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) aim to overcome these challenges using bioreactors for waste treatment, air and water revitalization as well as food production. In this review we focus on the microbial photosynthetic bioprocess and photobioreactors in space, which allow removal of toxic carbon dioxide (CO2) and production of oxygen (O2) and edible biomass. This paper gives an overview of the conducted space experiments in LEO with photobioreactors and the precursor work (on ground and in space) for BLSS projects over the last 30 years. We discuss the different hardware approaches as well as the organisms tested for these bioreactors. Even though a lot of experiments showed successful biological air revitalization on ground, the transfer to the space environment is far from trivial. For example, gas-liquid transfer phenomena are different under microgravity conditions which inevitably can affect the cultivation process and the oxygen production. In this review, we also highlight the missing expertise in this research field to pave the way for future space photobioreactor development and we point to future experiments needed to master the challenge of a fully functional BLSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fahrion
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natalie Leys
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Gaur VK, Sharma P, Sirohi R, Awasthi MK, Dussap CG, Pandey A. Assessing the impact of industrial waste on environment and mitigation strategies: A comprehensive review. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:123019. [PMID: 32768833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand of rising population leads to the escalation of industrial sectors such as agro-, food-, paper and pulp industries. These industries generated hazardous waste which is primarily organic in nature thus is being dumped or processed in the environment. These waste leads to increasing contamination leading to increased mortality, physical and morphological changes in the organisms/animals in contact. Although the generated waste is hazardous yet it predominantly contains macromolecules and bioactive compounds thus can be efficiently utilized for the extraction and production of value added products. This article reviews the effect of these waste streams on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since these wastes abundantly contain proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and lignocelluloses thus recycling, reuse and valorization offers an effective strategy for their reduction while comforting the environment. The policies laid down by national and international agencies that directs these industries for reducing the generation of waste and increasing the recyclability and reuse of the generated waste is discussed and the gaps and bottlenecks for these is identified. This study essentially provides the state-of-art information on above aspects by identifying the gaps for future research directions and may contribute in policy development for mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Polytech Clermont Ferrand, Institut Pascal, Univeriste Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Sharma B, Larroche C, Dussap CG. Comprehensive assessment of 2G bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2020; 313:123630. [PMID: 32561105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in second-generation bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass, such as crops residues, woody crops or energy grasses are gaining momentum. Though, they are still representing less than 3% of total bioethanol production, the GHG reduction potential is higher than for 1G-bioethanol. The environmental impacts of bioethanol production are totally dependent on feedstock availability and conversion technology. The biochemical conversion route must overcome several technological and economical challenges such as pre-treatment, fermentation, hydrolysis process and separation. A completely mature technology is still to be developed and must adapted to the nature of the feedstock. Nevertheless, using process simulation software, Life Cycle Assessment and integrating the different steps of bioresource harvesting and treatment processes, including the energy balances and the water requirements, it is shown that 2G bioethanol production will reduce environmental impacts provided the evaluation addresses a long-time perspective, including all conversion steps and the regeneration of the bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Sharma
- Institut Pascal, UMR Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, BP 206, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Christian Larroche
- Institut Pascal, UMR Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, BP 206, 63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Institut Pascal, UMR Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, BP 206, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
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Poughon L, Laroche C, Creuly C, Dussap CG, Paille C, Lasseur C, Monsieurs P, Heylen W, Coninx I, Mastroleo F, Leys N. Limnospira indica PCC8005 growth in photobioreactor: model and simulation of the ISS and ground experiments. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2020; 25:53-65. [PMID: 32414493 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Arthrospira-B experiment is the first experiment in space ever allowing the online measurements of both oxygen production rate and growth rate of Limnospira indica PCC8005 in batch photobioreactors running on-board ISS. Four bioreactors were integrated in the ISS Biolab facility. Each reactor was composed of two chambers (gas and liquid) separated by a PTFE membrane and was run in batch conditions. Oxygen production was monitored by online measurement of the total pressure increase in the gas chamber. The experiments are composed of several successive batch cultures for each reactor, performed in parallel on ISS and on ground. In this work, a model for the growth of the cyanobacterium Limnospira indica PCC8005 (also known as Arthrospira or spirulina) in these space membrane photobioreactors was proposed and the simulation results obtained are compared to the experimental results gathered in space and on ground. The photobioreactor model was based on a light transfer limitation model, already used to describe and predict the growth and oxygen production in small to large scale ground photobioreactors. It was completed by a model for pH prediction in the liquid phase allowing assessment of the pH increase associated to the bicarbonate consumption for the biomass growth. A membrane gas-liquid transfer model is used to predict the gas pressure increase in the gas chamber. Substrate limitation is considered in the biological model. A quite satisfactory fit was achieved between experimental and simulation results when a suitable mixing of the liquid phase was maintained. The data showed that microgravity has no first order effect on the oxygen production rate of Limnospira indica PCC8005 in a photobioreactor operating in space in zero gravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Poughon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Céline Laroche
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Creuly
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Wietse Heylen
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Alemany L, Peiro E, Arnau C, Garcia D, Poughon L, Cornet JF, Dussap CG, Gerbi O, Lamaze B, Lasseur C, Godia F. Continuous controlled long-term operation and modeling of a closed loop connecting an air-lift photobioreactor and an animal compartment for the development of a life support system. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tribot A, Amer G, Abdou Alio M, de Baynast H, Delattre C, Pons A, Mathias JD, Callois JM, Vial C, Michaud P, Dussap CG. Wood-lignin: Supply, extraction processes and use as bio-based material. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sachdeva N, Giambarresi G, Poughon L, Cabrera JC, Leroy B, Lasseur C, Dussap CG, Wattiez R. Assessment of transient effects of alternative nitrogen sources in continuous cultures of Arthrospira sp. using proteomic, modeling and biochemical tools. Bioresour Technol 2018; 267:492-501. [PMID: 30041143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. to assimilate waste nitrogen sources (ammonium and urea) makes it an important candidate for wastewater management. The aim of this work was to evaluate a cultivation approach based on continuous-transitional-feeding regime (nitrate-ammonium-nitrate) in a photobioreactor to assess the effects of ammonium salts on Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 metabolism. Using a comprehensive biochemical, proteomic and stoichiometric profiling of biomass, this study demonstrated that the proposed cultivation approach could increase the proteins and pigments yields by 20-30%, compared to the respective yields obtained from wild-type Arthrospira sp. strain A light-energy-transfer model was used to predict the biomass and oxygen productivities of Arthrospira sp. cultivated under transitional-feeding regime. 95 ± 2% match was observed between the experimental and simulated productivities. This study thus opened new avenues for use of ammonium rich wastewater for commercial production of high value pigments, biofuel and bioplastics using Arthrospira sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sachdeva
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Giambarresi
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Poughon
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière 63178, France
| | | | - Baptiste Leroy
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | | | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière 63178, France
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium.
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Abstract
Including plants in bioregenerative life-support systems enables simultaneous food production and water and air recycling, while closing cycles for water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. To understand and predict higher plant behavior for a wide range of environmental conditions, including reduced gravity levels, a mechanistic physical model is being developed. The emphasis is set on the influence of gravity levels and forced convection on higher plant leaf gas exchanges, which are altered by reduction of free convection in lower gravity environments, such as microgravity or martian and lunar gravities. This study highlights the significance of understanding leaf boundary layer limitations and ultimately will lead to complete mechanistic modeling of mass and energy balances on plant growth in reduced gravity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Poulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne , Institut Pascal, UMR 6602, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne , Institut Pascal, UMR 6602, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Université Clermont Auvergne , Institut Pascal, UMR 6602, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Kumar S, Zhang Z, Dussap CG, Park HD. Special Issue on Current Trends in Biotechnology for Waste Conversion (ETBWC-2017). Bioresour Technol 2018; 259:475. [PMID: 29628314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, South Korea.
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14
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Bertrand E, Pasquier C, Duchez D, Girard S, Pons A, Bonnet P, Creuly C, Dussap CG. High-frequency, high-intensity electromagnetic field effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae conversion yields and growth rates in a reverberant environment. Bioresour Technol 2018; 260:264-272. [PMID: 29631176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of electromagnetic waves on Saccharomyces cerevisiae emphasize the need to develop instrumented experimental systems ensuring a characterization of the exposition level to enable unambiguous assessment of their potential effects on living organisms. A bioreactor constituted with two separate compartments has been designed. The main element (75% of total volume) supporting all measurement and control systems (temperature, pH, agitation, and aeration) is placed outside the exposure room whereas the secondary element is exposed to irradiation. Measurements of the medium dielectric properties allow the determination of the electromagnetic field at any point inside the irradiated part of the reactor and are consistent with numerical simulations. In these conditions, the growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the ethanol yield in aerobic conditions are not significantly modified when submitted to an electromagnetic field of 900 and 2400 MHz with an average exposition of 6.11 V.m-1 and 3.44 V.m-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bertrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team GePEB, Chemical Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Biosystems, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, Polytech' Marseille, UMR 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP225, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Christophe Pasquier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team PHOTON, Photonics, Waves, Nanomaterials, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Duchez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team GePEB, Chemical Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Biosystems, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sebastien Girard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team PHOTON, Photonics, Waves, Nanomaterials, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agnès Pons
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team GePEB, Chemical Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Biosystems, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team PHOTON, Photonics, Waves, Nanomaterials, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Creuly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team GePEB, Chemical Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Biosystems, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 Team GePEB, Chemical Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Biosystems, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Toure O, Dussap CG. Determination of Gibbs energies of formation in aqueous solution using chemical engineering tools. Bioresour Technol 2016; 213:359-368. [PMID: 26965669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Standard Gibbs energies of formation are of primary importance in the field of biothermodynamics. In the absence of any directly measured values, thermodynamic calculations are required to determine the missing data. For several biochemical species, this study shows that the knowledge of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of the pure compounds (in the gaseous, solid or liquid states) enables to determine the corresponding standard Gibbs energies of formation in aqueous solutions. To do so, using chemical engineering tools (thermodynamic tables and a model enabling to predict activity coefficients, solvation Gibbs energies and pKa data), it becomes possible to determine the partial chemical potential of neutral and charged components in real metabolic conditions, even in concentrated mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Toure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal (Axe GePEB), BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal (Axe GePEB), BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière, France
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16
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Toure O, Audonnet F, Lebert A, Dussap CG. Development of a thermodynamic model of aqueous solution suited for foods and biological media. Part A: Prediction of activity coefficients in aqueous mixtures containing electrolytes. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Toure
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP; 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP; 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - André Lebert
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP; 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, BP; 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
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17
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Toure O, Audonnet F, Lebert A, Dussap CG. Development of a thermodynamic model of aqueous solution suited for foods and biological media. Part B: Prediction of standard formation properties. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Toure
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; Institut Pascal; BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS; UMR 6602; IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; Institut Pascal; BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS; UMR 6602; IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - André Lebert
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; Institut Pascal; BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS; UMR 6602; IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
| | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; Institut Pascal; BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- CNRS; UMR 6602; IP; F-63171 Aubiere France
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18
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Poughon L, Creuly C, Farges B, Dussap CG, Schiettecatte W, Jovetic S, De Wever H. Test of an anaerobic prototype reactor coupled with a filtration unit for production of VFAs. Bioresour Technol 2013; 145:240-247. [PMID: 23333084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The artificial ecosystem MELiSSA, supported by the European Space Agency is a closed loop system consisting of 5 compartments in which food, water and oxygen are produced out of organic waste. The first compartment is conceived as a thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor liquefying organic waste into VFAs, ammonium and CO2 without methane. A 20 L reactor was assembled to demonstrate the selected design and process at prototype scale. We characterized system performance from start-up to steady state and evaluated process efficiencies with special attention drawn to the mass balances. An overall efficiency for organic matter biodegradation of 50% was achieved. The dry matter content was stabilized around 40-50 g L(-1) and VFA production around 5-6 g L(-1). The results were consistent for the considered substrate mixture and can also be considered relevant in a broader context, as a first processing step to produce building blocks for synthesis of primary energy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Poughon
- Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602, Axe Génie des Procédés, Energétique et Biosystèmes, Clermont Université BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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19
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Lee DJ, Dussap CG, Hallenbeck PC, Huang CC. Special issue on International Conference on Industrial Bioprocesses, IFIB-2012: October 7-10, 2012, Taipei, Taiwan. Bioresour Technol 2013; 145:133. [PMID: 23756057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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20
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Cornet JF, Dussap CG, Cluzel P, Dubertret G. A structured model for simulation of cultures of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in photobioreactors: II. Identification of kinetic parameters under light and mineral limitations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 40:826-34. [PMID: 18601186 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A structured model for the culture of cyanobacteria in photobioreactors is developed on the basis of Schuster's approximations for radiative light transfer. This model is therefore limited to monodimensional geometries and kinetic aspects.Light-harvesting pigments play a crucial role in defining the profile of radiative transfer inside the culture medium and in controlling the metabolism, particularly the metabolic deviations induced by mineral limitations. Modeling therefore requires the biomass to be divided into several compartments, among which the light-harvesting compartment allows a working illuminated volume to be defined within the photobioreactor. This volume may change during batch cultures, largely decreasing as pigment concentration increases during growth but increasing as pigments are consumed during mineral limitation. This approach enables, in photobioreactors of simple parallelepipedic, geometries, kinetic parameters to be determined with high accuracy; this may then be extended to vessels of more complex geometries, such as cylindrical photobioreactors.The model is applied to controlled batch cultures of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in parallelepipedic photobioreactors to assess its ability to predict the behavior of these microorganisms in conditions of light and mineral limitations. Results allowed the study of optimal operating condition for continuous cultures to be approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cornet
- Matra-Espace-Applications de la microgavité, 78146 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
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21
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Abstract
This article establishes and discusses the consistency and the range of applicability of a simple but general and predictive analytical formula, enabling to easily assess the maximum volumetric biomass growth rates (the productivities) in several kinds of photobioreactors with more or less 15% of deviation. Experimental validations are performed on photobioreactors of very different conceptions and designs, cultivating the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, on a wide range of volumes and hemispherical incident light fluxes. The practical usefulness of the proposed formula is demonstrated by the fact that it appears completely independent of the characteristics of the material phase (as the type of reactor, the kind of mixing, the biomass concentration...), according to the first principle of thermodynamics and to the Gauss-Ostrogradsky theorem. Its ability to give the maximum (only) kinetic performance of photobioreactors cultivating many different photoautotrophic strains (cyanobacteria, green algae, eukaryotic microalgae) is theoretically discussed but experimental results are reported to a future work of the authors or to any other contribution arising from the scientific community working in the field of photobioreactor engineering and potentially interested by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Cornet
- Clermont Université, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biochimique, Bât. Polytech. 24, avenue des Landais, BP 206, 63174 AUBIERE Cedex, France.
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22
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Farges B, Poughon L, Creuly C, Cornet JF, Dussap CG, Lasseur C. Dynamic Aspects and Controllability of the MELiSSA Project: A Bioregenerative System to Provide Life Support in Space. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:686-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Guiavarch E, Pons A, Creuly C, Dussap CG. Application of a Data Reconciliation Method to the Stoichiometric Analysis of Fibrobacter succinogenes Growth. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:201-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Yiannikouris A, André G, Poughon L, François J, Dussap CG, Jeminet G, Bertin G, Jouany JP. Chemical and conformational study of the interactions involved in mycotoxin complexation with beta-D-glucans. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1147-55. [PMID: 16602732 DOI: 10.1021/bm050968t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper we reported that beta-D-glucans isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae could adsorb zearalenone, reduce its bioavailability in the digestive tract, and protect animals against its adverse effects. We have now investigated, in vitro, the kinetics of the interaction between other mycotoxins and beta-D-glucans from several sources at three pH values found along the digestive tract (3.0, 6.0, and 8.0). Acid and neutral conditions gave the highest affinity rates for aflatoxins B1 > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A and involved both the (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucans and the (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucans. Alkaline conditions, owing to their destructuring action on glucans, were favorable only for the adsorption of patulin. Using molecular mechanics, we found that hydroxyl, ketone, and lactone groups are involved in the formation of both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between aflatoxins B1, deoxynivalenol and patulin, and beta-D-glucans. Differences in the binding capacity of the mycotoxins are due to their specific physical and chemical characteristics.
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25
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Lebert I, Dussap CG, Lebert A. Combined physico-chemical and water transfer modelling to predict bacterial growth during food processes. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 102:305-22. [PMID: 16014298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety of food products depend on the microorganisms, the food characteristics and the process. The prediction of conditions that prevent growth in complex situations due to the characteristics of the process and of the food cannot be obtained by predictive models of bacterial growth only. Thus, a combined modelling approach was developed by integrating three models, which were selected in a first step: (1) a bacterial model that predicts the bacterial growth from the physico-chemical properties of the media; (2) a water transfer model that predicts the effects of the drying process variables on the medium characteristics; and (3) a thermodynamic model that predicts the water activity aw and the pH of the media from its composition. A second step consisted in separately validating each selected model in which all of the physical, chemical or biological parameters appearing in the equations were previously measured. The third step combined the three knowledge models. The global model was validated on the basis of experimental results concerning the growth of Listeria innocua on the surface of a gelatine gel, the surface of which was submitted to a drying process (changes in relative humidity and air velocity). It was shown that bacterial growth models had to be modified: a specific model was set up to predict the maximum growth rate and another for the lag. Additionally, growth models set up in broth could not be applied in gelatine, leading to the development of a specific growth model on a solid surface. The thermodynamic model accurately predicted the pH and aw of bacterial broth in which high concentrations of solutes were added, and those of the solid media, the gelatine. The water transfer model was applied on gelatine data to predict the evolution of its surface aw during the drying process. The three models-bacterial, water transfer and thermodynamic, separately validated-were combined according to an integrated modelling strategy. The water transfer model coupled with the thermodynamic model predicted the aw on the gel surface. The predicted surface aw explained why growth inhibition was observed. Indeed, growth stopped at a predicted surface aw <0.94, corresponding to L. innocua minimum aw during the drying process. The global model satisfactorily predicted L. innocua growth on the surface of the gel. This study proves the validity of the approach and shows that the combination of the water transfer and thermodynamic models compensates for the lack of aw measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lebert
- Unité de Recherches sur la Viande, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
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26
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Pottier L, Pruvost J, Deremetz J, Cornet JF, Legrand J, Dussap CG. A fully predictive model for one-dimensional light attenuation byChlamydomonas reinhardtii in a torus photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:569-82. [PMID: 16025533 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The light attenuation in a photobioreactor is determined using a fully predictive model. The optical properties were first calculated, using a data bank of the literature, from only the knowledge of pigments content, shape, and size distributions of cultivated cells which are a function of the physiology of the current species. The radiative properties of the biological turbid medium were then deduced using the exact Lorenz-Mie theory. This method is experimentally validated using a large-size integrating sphere photometer. The radiative properties are then used in a rectangular, one-dimensional two-flux model to predict radiant light attenuation in a photobioreactor, considering a quasi-collimated field of irradiance. Combination of this radiative model with the predictive determination of optical properties is finally validated by in situ measurement of attenuation profiles in a torus photobioreactor cultivating the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, after a complete and proper characterization of the incident light flux provided by the experimental set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pottier
- GEPEA Laboratory, UMR-CNRS 6144, University of Nantes, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES Cedex 3, France
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27
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Yiannikouris A, François J, Poughon L, Dussap CG, Jeminet G, Bertin G, Jouany JP. Influence of pH on complexing of model beta-d-glucans with zearalenone. J Food Prot 2004; 67:2741-6. [PMID: 15633680 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that isolated beta-(1,3 and 1,6)-D-glucans and related alkali-extracted fractions from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to complex with zearalenone in vitro (affinity up to 50%) and thus may reduce the bioavailability of toxins in the digestive tract. The complexation mechanisms involve cooperative interaction between the two chemical entities that can be computed by Hill's model. Various linear or branched soluble or insoluble beta-D-glucans were evaluated to elucidate their roles in the adsorption mechanisms under three pH conditions (3.0, 6.0, and 8.0) found in the digestive tract. A constant quantity of each beta-D-glucans (1 mg/ml) was mixed at 39 degrees C with increasing amounts of zearalenone (2 to 100 microg/ml), and the amount of bound toxin was measured. Acidic and neutral conditions gave the highest affinity rates (64 to 77%) by beta-(1,3)-D-glucans, whereas alkaline conditions decreased adsorption except when beta-(1,6)-D-glucan side chains were branched on beta-(1,3)-D-glucans. Alkaline conditions appear to impede the active three dimensional conformation of beta-D-glucans and favor single helix and/or random coil structures. Study of the equilibrium between beta-D-glucan-bound and free toxins revealed that two types of chemical interactions occur during toxin complexation with beta-D-glucans, identified as weak chemical linkages such as hydrogen and van der Waals bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yiannikouris
- UR1213 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Clermont-Theix, 63122 St-Genès Champanelle, France
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28
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Lebert I, Dussap CG, Lebert A. Effect of aw, controlled by the addition of solutes or by water content, on the growth of Listeria innocua in broth and in a gelatine model. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 94:67-78. [PMID: 15172486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2003] [Revised: 11/20/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a(w) on the growth of Listeria innocua was investigated in broth and on the surface of a gelatine food model. In broth, a(w) was controlled from 0.91 to 0.99 by the addition of solutes such as NaCl, KCl, glucose, sucrose and glycerol. In the gelatine food model, a(w) was controlled by removal of water. In the a(w) range, 0.92-0.99, the generation times observed in broth in the presence of NaCl, KCl, sucrose and glucose were similar but were longer than those in glycerol. For lag times, the inhibition of L. innocua growth followed the order: NaCl = KCl = sucrose>glucose>glycerol. When comparing growth at a(w) 0.95 for the three media--broth + NaCl, gelatine gel (a(w) controlled by removal of water) and gelatine gel with NaCl (gel + NaCl, a(w) controlled by NaCl)--the shortest generation time was observed in broth + NaCl, followed by gel + NaCl and, finally, on gel with a larger gap between the last two. The generation time on gel was five times greater than the generation time in broth + NaCl and 2.5 times greater on gel + NaCl. It was concluded that not only the structure of the media (solid or liquid) had an effect on Listeria inhibition but also and mainly the way the a(w) was adjusted. Removal of water was more stressful to Listeria than the addition of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lebert
- Equipe Microbiologie, Station de Recherches sur la Viande, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
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Yiannikouris A, François J, Poughon L, Dussap CG, Bertin G, Jeminet G, Jouany JP. Alkali extraction of beta-d-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and study of their adsorptive properties toward zearalenone. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:3666-73. [PMID: 15161247 DOI: 10.1021/jf035127x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The isolated cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has some capacity to adsorb zearalenone (affinity near 30%) and reduce the bioavailability of toxins in the digestive tract. The adsorption process was quantified in vitro, and the data obtained when plotted with Hill's equation indicated a cooperative process. The model showed that the adsorption capacity was related to the yeast cell wall composition. This work focused on the role of various beta-d-glucan types in the efficacy of zearalenone adsorption by yeast cell wall and sought to elucidate some of the adsorption mechanisms. Zearalenone was mixed at 37 degrees C with a constant quantity of alkali-soluble or alkali-insoluble beta-d-glucans isolated from yeast cell walls, and the amount of adsorbed zearalenone was measured. Given that the alkali solubility of beta-d-glucans is a determining factor for their three-dimensional conformation and that the alkali-insoluble fraction had a greater affinity (up to 50%) than the alkali-soluble fraction ( approximately 16%), it was concluded that the three-dimensional structure strongly influences the adsorption process. The alkali insolubility of beta-d-glucans led to the formation of single and/or triple helices, which have been identified as the most favorable structures for zearalenone adsorption efficacy. The beta(1,3)-d-glucan and beta(1,6)-d-glucan compositions of the two alkali-extracted fractions and their involvement in the adsorption process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Yiannikouris
- UR1053 INRA, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores Centre de Clermont-Theix, 63122 St-Genès Champanelle, France
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Yiannikouris A, François J, Poughon L, Dussap CG, Bertin G, Jeminet G, Jouany JP. Adsorption of Zearalenone by beta-D-glucans in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1195-200. [PMID: 15222549 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell walls of yeasts and bacteria are able to complex with mycotoxins and limit their bioavailability in the digestive tract when these yeasts and bacteria are given as feed additives to animals. To identify the component(s) of the yeast cell wall and the chemical interaction(s) involved in complex formation with zearalenone, four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differing in their cell wall glucan and mannan content were tested. Laboratory strains wt292, fks1, and mnn9 were compared with industrial S. cerevisiae strain sc1026. The complex-forming capacity of the yeast cell walls was determined in vitro by modelling the plots of amount of toxin bound versus amount of toxin added using Hill's model. A cooperative relationship between toxin and adsorbent was shown, and a correlation between the amount of beta-D-glucans in cell walls and complex-forming efficacy was revealed (R2 = 0.889). Cell walls of strains wt292 and mnn9, which have higher levels of beta-D-glucans, were able to complex larger amounts of zearalenone, with higher association constants and higher affinity rates than those of the fks1 and sc1026 strains. The high chitin content in strains mnn9 and fks1 increased the alkali insolubility of beta-D-glucans from isolated cell walls and decreased the flexibility of these cell walls, which restricted access of zearalenone to the chemical sites of the beta-D-glucans involved in complex formation. The strains with high chitin content thus had a lower complex-forming capacity than expected based on their beta-D-glucans content. Cooperativity and the three-dimensional structure of beta-D-glucans indicate that weak noncovalent bonds are involved in the complex-forming mechanisms associated with zearalenone. The chemical interactions between beta-D-glucans and zearalenone are therefore more of an adsorption type than a binding type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yiannikouris
- UR1053 INRA, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Centre de Clermont-Theix, 63122 St. Genès Champanelle, France
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Poughon L, Duchez D, Cornet JF, Dussap CG. k L a determination: comparative study for a gas mass balance method. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2003; 25:341-8. [PMID: 13680342 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-003-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 02/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of k(L) a by a gas balance method coupled with sulphite oxidation is compared for three kinds of processes (stirred tank, bubble column and fixed-bed column reactors) with a gassing-in and with a classical chemical sulphite oxidation method. The mathematical relations required for the determination of the k(L) a value are detailed. In coalescing gas-liquid conditions, the values calculated by the three methods are shown to be comparable. The gas balance method is more rapid than either the steady-state gassing-in or the chemical sulphite reaction rate measurement methods. It is also well adapted for three-phase systems (gas-liquid-solid) in which the non-coalescing effects of sulphite solution are reduced by solid interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poughon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biochimique, Université Blaise Pascal, CUST, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, 63174 Aubière-Cédex, France.
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Abstract
Continuous cultures of the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum were grown in a cylindrical photobioreactor in photoheterotrophic conditions, using acetate as carbon source. A new kinetic and stoichiometric knowledge model was developed, and its ability to simulate experimental results obtained under varying incident light fluxes and residence times is discussed. The model accurately predicts the stable, unstable, or oscillating behavior observed for the reactor productivity. In particular, the values of residence time corresponding to a subcritical bifurcation with a typical hysteresis effect are calculated and analyzed. The robustness of the proposed model allows the engineering operating domain of the photobioreactor function to be set and offers a promising tool for the design and control of such photoheterotrophic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Cornet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biochimique, Université Blaise Pascal-CUST 24, avenue des Landais, BP 206, F 63174 AUBIERE Cedex, France
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Yiannikouris A, Poughon L, Cameleyre X, Dussap CG, François J, Bertin G, Jouany JP. A novel technique to evaluate interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and mycotoxins: application to zearalenone. Biotechnol Lett 2003; 25:783-9. [PMID: 12882008 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023576520932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three models based on sigmoidal plotting were tested for their ability to describe zearalenone adsorption on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls in vitro. All three models closely fitted the experimental data, but Hill's equation gave the most accurate parameters, and provided information on the physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the adsorption of mycotoxin on yeast cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Yiannikouris
- UR1053 INRA, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Centre de Clermont-Theix, 63122 St-Genès Champanelle, France
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Cogne G, Lehmann B, Dussap CG, Gros JB. Uptake of macrominerals and trace elements by the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis PCC 8005) under photoautotrophic conditions: culture medium optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 81:588-93. [PMID: 12514808 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Uptake rates of macrominerals and trace elements were characterized in batch and continuous cultures of Spirulina platensis under photoautotropic conditions. The values of yield coefficients were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES). Further simplifications of culture medium proved possible, mainly in the trace element solutions; concentrations of some elements were lowered and trace elements B, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Co, W, and Ti were removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Cogne
- LGCB, Université Blaise Pascal, CUST, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, 63174 Aubière Cédex, France
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Troquet J, Larroche C, Dussap CG. Evidence for the occurrence of an oxygen limitation during soil bioremediation by solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seon J, Creuly C, Duchez D, Pons A, Dussap CG. Degradation of plant wastes by anaerobic process using rumen bacteria. Water Sci Technol 2003; 48:213-216. [PMID: 14531444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An operational reactor has been designed for the fermentation of a pure culture of Fibrobacter succinogenes with the constraints of strict anaerobic condition. The process is controlled by measurements of pH, redox, temperature and CO2 pressure; it allows an efficient degradation (67%) of lignocellulosic wastes such as a mixture of wheat straw, soya bean cake and green cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biochimique, CUST - Université Blaise Pascal, 24, Avenue des landais, BP 206, F-63174 Aubière, France
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Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M, Rettberg P, Seboldt W, Manzey D, Comet B, Maillet A, Preiss H, Schauer L, Dussap CG, Poughon L, Belyavin A, Reitz G, Baumstark-Khan C, Gerzer R. HUMEX, a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part I: lunar missions. Adv Space Res 2003; 31:2389-2401. [PMID: 14696589 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The European Space Agency has recently initiated a study of the human responses, limits and needs with regard to the stress environments of interplanetary and planetary missions. Emphasis has been laid on human health and performance care as well as advanced life support developments including bioregenerative life support systems and environmental monitoring. The overall study goals were as follows: (i) to define reference scenarios for a European participation in human exploration and to estimate their influence on the life sciences and life support requirements; (ii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the limiting factors for human health, wellbeing, and performance and to recommend relevant countermeasures; (iii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the potential of advanced life support developments and to propose a European strategy including terrestrial applications; (iv) to critically assess the feasibility of existing facilities and technologies on ground and in space as testbeds in preparation for human exploratory missions and to develop a test plan for ground and space campaigns; (v) to develop a roadmap for a future European strategy towards human exploratory missions, including preparatory activities and terrestrial applications and benefits. This paper covers the part of the HUMEX study dealing with lunar missions. A lunar base at the south pole where long-time sunlight and potential water ice deposits could be assumed was selected as the Moon reference scenario. The impact on human health, performance and well being has been investigated from the view point of the effects of microgravity (during space travel), reduced gravity (on the Moon) and abrupt gravity changes (during launch and landing), of the effects of cosmic radiation including solar particle events, of psychological issues as well as general health care. Countermeasures as well as necessary research using ground-based test beds and/or the International Space Station have been defined. Likewise advanced life support systems with a high degree of autonomy and regenerative capacity and synergy effects were considered where bioregenerative life support systems and biodiagnostic systems become essential. Finally, a European strategy leading to a potential European participation in future human exploratory missions has been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Horneck
- German Aerospace Center DLR, Cologne, Germany.
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Poughon L, Dussap CG, Gros JB. Energy model and metabolic flux analysis for autotrophic nitrifiers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 72:416-33. [PMID: 11180062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of pure cultures of nitrifying microorganisms under autotrophic growth operating conditions was investigated and the relations between their energy metabolism and their anabolism analyzed by means of metabolic network computation. The description of the metabolism of the nitrifiers is extended to their energy metabolism by introducing compartmentalization (cytoplasmic and periplasmic sides) and studying coupling between the electron transport chain and the proton gradient generation. The energy model of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter was developed based on the oxidoreduction reactions known to be involved. The electron transport chains and the associated proton translocation for these models are described. Several possible hypotheses are analyzed and discussed concerning the thermodynamic consistency of all the oxidoreduction reactions. For Nitrosomonas, the most delicate point is the second step of hydroxylamine oxidation. For Nitrobacter a new energy model is proposed in which NO plays an important role as node in the distribution of electrons from NO(2)(-) oxidation to the membrane electron transport chain. The compartmentalization enables us to consider a proton gradient dissipation flux as the expression of the overall energy loss in metabolic analysis (the so-called maintenance phenomena). The energy model (electron transport chain, proton gradient) is associated with an overall description of the metabolism of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter in terms of metabolic flux calculation. This representation demonstrates that a maintenance in nitrifiers expressed as a proton leak is no higher than for other aerobes. The yields calculated from the energy models integrated with the metabolic models of nitrifiers are consistent with the experimental yields in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poughon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Biologique, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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Larroche C, Besson I, Dussap CG, Bourrust F, Gros JB. Characterization of water distribution in cell pellets using nonlabeled sodium thiosulfate as an interstitial space marker. Biotechnol Prog 1993; 9:214-7. [PMID: 7763598 DOI: 10.1021/bp00020a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for determination of the intracellular water content of cells using a single, nonlabeled solute as an interstitial space marker is proposed. Sodium thiosulfate, which can be accurately assayed by a tritrimetric method, is found to be a good compound for this purpose. Cells are recovered both by filtration and centrifugation; the two techniques gave the same value for internal water, i.e., 650 mg of H2O/g of wet matter for Corynebacterium melassecola and 390 mg of H2O/g of wet matter for Penicillium roquefortii spores. The methodology of data handling, based on a regression technique, is also described. It allows one to obtain very reliable results and should be useful for any marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larroche
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Biologique, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
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