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Taghizadeh MH, Khajeh K, Nasirpour N, Mousavi SM. Maximization of uricase production in a column bioreactor through response surface methodology-based optimization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035023. [PMID: 38697098 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad467f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is widely exploited for diagnostic and treatment purposes in medicine. This study focuses on producing recombinant uricase fromE. coliBL21 in a bubble column bioreactor (BCB) and finding the optimal conditions for maximum uricase activity. The three most effective variables on uricase activity were selected through the Plackett-Burman design from eight different variables and were further optimized by the central composite design of the response surface methodology (RSM). The selected variables included the inoculum size (%v/v), isopropylβ-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration (mM) and the initial pH of the culture medium. The activity of uricase, the final optical density at 600 nm wavelength (OD600) and the final pH were considered as the responses of this optimization and were modeled. As a result, activity of 5.84 U·ml-1and a final OD600of 3.42 were obtained at optimum conditions of 3% v/v inoculum size, an IPTG concentration of 0.54 mM and a pH of 6.0. By purifying the obtained enzyme using a Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography column, 165 ± 1.5 mg uricase was obtained from a 600 ml cell culture. The results of this study show that BCBs can be a highly effective option for large-scale uricase production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Biological Sciences Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nasirpour
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Modares Environmental Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Singh G, Kumar S, Afreen S, Bhalla A, Khurana J, Chandel S, Aggarwal A, Arya SK. Laccase mediated delignification of wasted and non-food agricultural biomass: Recent developments and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123840. [PMID: 36849073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of microbial laccases is considered as the cleaner and target specific biocatalytic mechanism for the recovery of cellulose and hemicelluloses from nonfood and wasted agricultural, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). The extent of lignin removal by laccase depends on the biochemical composition of biomass and the redox potential (E0) of the biocatalyst. Intensive research efforts are going on all over the world for the recognition of appropriate and easily available agricultural lignocellulosic feedstocks to exploit maximally for the production of value-added bioproducts and biofuels. In such circumstances, laccase can play a major role as a leading biocatalyst and potent substitute for chemical based deconstruction of the lignocellulosic materials. The limited commercialization of laccase at an industrial scale has been feasible due to its full working efficiency mostly expressed in the presence of cost intensive redox mediators only. Although, recently there are some reports that came on the mediator free biocatalysis of enzyme but still not considerably explored and neither understood in depth. The present review will address the various research gaps and shortcomings that acted as the big hurdles before the complete exploitation of laccases at an industrial scale. Further, this article also reveals insights on different microbial laccases and their diverse functional environmental conditions that affect the deconstruction process of LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Sumbul Afreen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Jyoti Khurana
- Biotechnology Department, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- GHG College of Pharmacy, Raikot Road, Ludhiana, -141109, India
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Kinetic Model for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose from Pre-Treated Rice Husks. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice husks contain cellulose as a raw material for manufacturing second-generation bioethanol. Cellulose from pre-treated rice husks was converted into reducing sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis using enzymes derived from Aspergillus niger. This study aims to determine the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis at enzyme concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% (v/w) and hydrolysis times of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 h. The results showed that cellulose was hydrolyzed to form reducing sugars. The CMCase activity and FPase activity reached 548.940 and 314.892 U mL−1, respectively, much higher than most previous reports on this genus. From the calculation of the reaction rate using the Michaelis–Menten kinetic model, the value of the Michaelis constant ranges from 0.001 to 0.0007, and the maximum rate is 1.3 × 10−7 to 2.7 × 10−7 Mol L−1 s−1. The highest reducing sugar concentration was obtained (1.80 g L−1) at an enzyme concentration of 20% (v/w) and a hydrolysis time of 25 h.
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Kinetics of Lignin Removal from Rice Husk Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Combined Hydrogen Peroxide–Aqueous Ammonia Pretreatments. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice husk has the potential to be used for converting agricultural wastes into renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to improve the hydrolysis of rice husk through Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and Combined Hydrogen Peroxide–Aqueous Ammonia (CHPA) pretreatments. The removal of lignin from rice husks was determined using SEM–EDS examination of the samples. At a specific concentration of H2O2, (CHPA) pretreatment eliminated a significantly larger amount of lignin from biomass. The percentage of lignin removal of HP varied from 48.25 to 66.50, while CHPA ranged from 72.22 to 85.73. Hence, the use of batch kinetics of lignin removal of both pretreatments is recommended, where the kinetic parameters are determined by fitting the experimental data. Based on the results, the activation energies for HP and CHPA pretreatments were 9.96 and 7.44 kJ/mol, which showed that the24 model is appropriate for the experimental data. The increase in temperatures also led to a higher pretreatment value, indicating their positive correlation. Meanwhile, CHPA pretreatment was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis of 6% enzyme loading for the production of 6.58 g glucose/L at 25 h.
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Effect of enzymes adsorption on enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee silverskin: Kinetic characterization and validation. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun J, Ding R, Yin J. Pretreatment of corn cobs and corn stalks with tetrabutyl phosphate hydroxide ionic liquid to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis process. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Design and Construction of Bioreactor Based on Hybrid Microcapsules and its Bio-catalytic Performance. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu H, Kumar V, Jia L, Sarsaiya S, Kumar D, Juneja A, Zhang Z, Sindhu R, Binod P, Bhatia SK, Awasthi MK. Biopolymer poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production from apple industrial waste residues: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131427. [PMID: 34323796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apple pomace, the residue which is left out after processing of apple serves as a potential carbon source for the production of biopolymer, PHA (poly-hydroxyalkanoates). It is rich in carbohydrates, fibers and polyphenols. Utilization of these waste resources has dual societal benefit-waste management and conversion of waste to an eco-friendly biopolymer. This will lower the overall economics of the process. A major limitation for the commercialization of biopolymer in comparison with petroleum derived polymer is the high cost. This article gives an overview of valorization of apple pomace for the production of biopolymer, various strategies adopted, limitations as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Linjing Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 402 Walters Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 402 Walters Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ankita Juneja
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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Jia C, Shen H, Xu Y, Hu X, Yang G, Zhang Z. The effect of inorganic salt on multiphase flow characteristics in a microbubble column: A focus on the ionic strength. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Hu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yingyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xingbang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
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Bioreactor and Bioprocess Design Issues in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass is a fundamental step in the biorefinery of second generation feedstock. The physicochemical and enzymatic processes for the depolymerization of biomass into simple sugars has been achieved through numerous studies in several disciplines. The present review discusses the development of technologies for enzymatic saccharification in industrial processes. The kinetics of cellulolytic enzymes involved in polysaccharide hydrolysis has been discussed as the starting point for the design of the most promising bioreactor configurations. The main process configurations—proposed so far—for biomass saccharification have been analyzed. Attention was paid to bioreactor configurations, operating modes and possible integrations of this operation within the biorefinery. The focus is on minimizing the effects of product inhibition on enzymes, maximizing yields and concentration of sugars in the hydrolysate, and reducing the impact of enzyme cost on the whole process. The last part of the review is focused on an emerging process based on the catalytic action of laccase applied to lignin depolymerization as an alternative to the consolidated physicochemical pretreatments. The laccases-based oxidative process has been discussed in terms of characteristics that can affect the development of a bioreactor unit where laccases or a laccase-mediator system can be used for biomass delignification.
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Fierascu RC, Sieniawska E, Ortan A, Fierascu I, Xiao J. Fruits By-Products - A Source of Valuable Active Principles. A Short Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:319. [PMID: 32351951 PMCID: PMC7174504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for more sustainable, alternative processes leading to production of plant-derived preparations imposes the use of plants waste generated mainly by agri-food and pharmaceutical industries. These mostly unexploited but large quantities of plants waste also increase the interest in developing alternative approaches for sustainable production of therapeutic molecules. In order to reduce the amount of plant waste by further processing, different novel extraction techniques can be applied. Fruits and their industrial by-products are rich sources of different classes of compounds with therapeutic properties. The processed fruits waste can be reused and lead to novel pharmaceuticals, food supplements or functional foods. This review intends to briefly summarize recent aspects regarding the production of different active compounds from fruit by-products, and their therapeutic properties. The potential use of fruits by-products in different industries will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu C. Fierascu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alina Ortan
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Emerging Nanotechnologies Group, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kinetic Characterization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Apple Pomace as Feedstock for a Sugar-Based Biorefinery. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from biomass feedstock in the sugar-based biorefinery chain is penalized by enzyme cost and difficulty to approach the theoretical maximum cellulose conversion degree. As a consequence, the process is currently investigated to identify the best operating conditions with reference to each biomass feedstock. The present work reports an investigation regarding the enzymatic hydrolysis of apple pomace (AP). AP is an agro-food waste largely available in Europe that might be exploited as a sugar source for biorefinery purposes. A biomass pre-treatment step was required before the enzymatic hydrolysis to make available polysaccharides chains to the biocatalyst. The AP samples were pre-treated through alkaline (NaOH), acid (HCl), and enzymatic (laccase) delignification processes to investigate the effect of lignin content and polysaccharides composition on enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis tests were carried out using a commercial cocktail (Cellic®CTec2) of cellulolytic enzymes. The effect of mixing speed and biomass concentration on the experimental overall glucose production rate was assessed. The characterization of the glucose production rate by the assessment of pseudo-homogeneous kinetic models was proposed. Data were analysed to assess kinetic parameters of pseudo-mechanistic models able to describe the glucose production rate during AP enzymatic hydrolysis. In particular, pseudo-homogeneous Michaelis and Menten, as well as Chrastil’s models were used. The effect of lignin content on the enzymatic hydrolysis rate was evaluated. Chrastil’s model provided the best description of the glucose production rate.
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