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López-Fernández A, Codinach M, Coca MI, Prat-Vidal C, Castaño J, Torrents S, Aran G, Rodríguez L, Querol S, Vives J. Comparability exercise of critical quality attributes of clinical-grade human mesenchymal stromal cells from the Wharton's jelly: single-use stirred tank bioreactors versus planar culture systems. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:418-426. [PMID: 37715777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The increasing demand of clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for use in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) require a re-evaluation of manufacturing strategies, ensuring scalability from two-dimensional (2D) surfaces to volumetric (3D) productivities. Herein we describe the design and validation of a Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant 3D culture methodology using microcarriers and 3-L single-use stirred tank bioreactors (STRs) for the expansion of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived MSCs in accordance to current regulatory and quality requirements. METHODS MSC,WJ were successfully expanded in 3D and final product characterization was in conformity with Critical Quality Attributes and product specifications previously established for 2D expansion conditions. RESULTS After 6 days of culture, cell yields in the final product from the 3D cultures (mean 9.48 × 108 ± 1.07 × 107 cells) were slightly lower but comparable with those obtained from 2D surfaces (mean 9.73 × 108 ± 2.36 × 108 cells) after 8 days. In all analyzed batches, viability was >90%. Immunophenotype of MSC,WJ was highly positive for CD90 and CD73 markers and lacked of expression of CD31, CD45 and HLA-DR. Compared with 2D expansions, CD105 was detected at lower levels in 3D cultures due to the harvesting procedure from microcarriers involving trypsin at high concentration, and this had no impact on multipotency. Cells presented normal karyotype and strong immunomodulatory potential in vitro. Sterility, Mycoplasma, endotoxin and adventitious virus were negative in both batches produced. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated the establishment of a feasible and reproducible 3D bioprocess using single-use STR for clinical-grade MSC,WJ production and provide evidence supporting comparability of 3D versus 2D production strategies. This comparability exercise evaluates the direct implementation of using single-use STR for the scale-up production of MSC,WJ and, by extension, other cell types intended for allogeneic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba López-Fernández
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Codinach
- Laboratori Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Coca
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Castaño
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Torrents
- Laboratori Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Laboratori Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Rodríguez
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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López-Fernández A, Garcia-Gragera V, Lecina M, Vives J. Identification of critical process parameters for expansion of clinical grade human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in stirred-tank bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300381. [PMID: 38403461 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell therapies based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are traditionally produced using 2D culture systems and platelet lysate- or serum-containing media (SCM). Although cost-effective for single-dose autologous treatments, this approach is not suitable for larger scale manufacturing (e.g., multiple-dose autologous or allogeneic therapies with banked MSCs); automated, scalable and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliant platforms are urgently needed. The feasibility of transitioning was evaluated from an established Wharton's jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) 2D production strategy to a new one with stirred-tank bioreactors (STRs). Experimental conditions included four GMP-compliant xeno- and serum-free media (XSFM) screened in 2D conditions and two GMP-grade microcarriers assessed in 0.25 L-STRs using SCM. From the screening, a XSFM was selected and compared against SCM using the best-performing microcarrier. It was observed that SCM outperformed the 2D-selected medium in STRs, reinforcing the importance of 2D-to-3D transition studies before translation into clinical production settings. It was also found that attachment efficiency and microcarrier colonization were essential to attain higher fold expansions, and were therefore defined as critical process parameters. Nevertheless, WJ-MSCs were readily expanded in STRs with both media, preserving critical quality attributes in terms of identity, viability and differentiation potency, and yielding up to 1.47 × 109 cells in a real-scale 2.4-L batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba López-Fernández
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Garcia-Gragera
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
- Engineering Materials Group (GEMAT), Bioprocessing Lab, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Lecina
- Engineering Materials Group (GEMAT), Bioprocessing Lab, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular i Avançada, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vives J, Sánchez-Guijo F, Gnecchi M, Zwaginga JJ. Cell and gene therapy workforce development: the role of the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT) in the creation of a sustainable and skilled workforce in Europe. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1033-1036. [PMID: 37498257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The development and production of cell gene and tissue (CGT)-based therapies requires a specialized workforce. Entering the CGT arena is complex because it involves different scientific and biomedical aspects (e.g., immunology, stem cell biology and transplantation), as well as knowledge of regulatory affairs and compliance with pharmaceutical quality standards. Currently, both industry and academia are facing a worldwide workforce shortage, whereas only a handful of educational and training initiatives specifically address the peculiarities of CGT product development, the procurement of substances of human origin, the manufacturing process itself and clinical monitoring and biovigilance. The training offered by traditional Master's and PhD programs is not suited for training a skilled workforce ready to enter the increasingly fast-growing CGT field. Indeed, typically these programs are of long duration and only partially cover the required competencies, whereas the demand for a specialized workforce relentlessly increases. In this paper, we (i) present and discuss our understanding of the roots of current growth acceleration of the CGT field; (ii) anticipate future workforce needs due to the expected increase of marketed CGT-based therapies and (iii) evaluate potential solutions that seek to adapt, develop and implement current educational and training initiatives. Importantly for these solutions, we call for scientific societies, such as the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy, to play a more active role and act as catalysers for new initiatives, building bridges between academia and Industry to establish effective educational and training programs that will engage and prepare a new generation of qualified professionals for entry into the CGT field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Vives
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servei de Teràpia Cellular, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Advanced Therapy Network (RICORS TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III ((ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Spanish Advanced Therapy Network (RICORS TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III ((ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Cell Therapy Area & Haematology Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Cell Therapy Area & Haematology Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Translational Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Torrents S, del Moral AE, Codinach M, Rodríguez L, Querol S, Vives J. Optimized reagents for immunopotency assays on mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical use. Immunol Res 2023; 71:725-734. [PMID: 37120479 PMCID: PMC10148700 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) offer new therapeutic opportunities based on their ability to modulate an imbalanced immune system. Immunomodulatory potency is typically demonstrated in vitro by measuring the presence of surrogate markers (i.e., indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, IDO; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1, TNFR1) and/or functional assays in co-cultures (i.e., inhibition of lymphoproliferation, polarization of macrophages). However, the biological variability of reagents used in the latter type of assays leads to unreliable and difficult to reproduce data therefore making cross-comparison between batches difficult, both at the intra- and inter-laboratory levels. Herein, we describe a set of experiments aiming at the definition and validation of reliable biological reagents as a first step towards standardization of a potency assay. This approach is based on the co-culture of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived MSC and cryopreserved pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Altogether, we successfully defined a robust and reproducible immunopotency assay based on previously described methods incorporating substantial improvements such as cryopreservation of multiple vials of pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 individual donors that enable a number of tests with same reagents, also reducing waste of PBMC from individual donors and therefore contributing to a more efficient and ethical method to use substances of human origin (SoHO). The new methodology was successfully validated using 11 batches of clinical grade MSC,WJ. Methods described here contribute to minimize PBMC donor variability while reducing costs, streamlining assay setup and convenience and laying the foundations for harmonization of biological reagents usage in standardized immunopotency assays for MSC. HIGHLIGHTS: • The use of pools of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in potency assays contributes to robust and reproducible results, which is key in the assessment of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) potency for batch release. • Cryopreservation of PBMCs does not impact negatively on their activation and proliferation abilities. • Cryopreserved pools of PBMC constitutes convenient off-the-shelf reagents for potency assays. • Cryopreservation of pooled PBMCs from multiple donors is a way to reduce waste of donated PBMC and its associated costs, as well as reducing the impact of individual donor variability of substances of human origin (SoHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Torrents
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Escudero del Moral
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Codinach
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Rodríguez
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Teale MA, Schneider S, Eibl D, van den Bos C, Neubauer P, Eibl R. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutics: a comparison. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12583-4. [PMID: 37246986 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based cell therapeutics and especially those based on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are said to have enormous developmental potential in the coming years. Their applications range from the treatment of orthopedic disorders and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune diseases and even cancer. However, while more than 27 hMSC-derived therapeutics are currently commercially available, hiPSC-based therapeutics have yet to complete the regulatory approval process. Based on a review of the current commercially available hMSC-derived therapeutic products and upcoming hiPSC-derived products in phase 2 and 3, this paper compares the cell therapy manufacturing process between these two cell types. Moreover, the similarities as well as differences are highlighted and the resulting impact on the production process discussed. Here, emphasis is placed on (i) hMSC and hiPSC characteristics, safety, and ethical aspects, (ii) their morphology and process requirements, as well as (iii) their 2- and 3-dimensional cultivations in dependence of the applied culture medium and process mode. In doing so, also downstream processing aspects are covered and the role of single-use technology is discussed. KEY POINTS: • Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit distinct behaviors during cultivation • Single-use stirred bioreactor systems are preferred for the cultivation of both cell types • Future research should adapt and modify downstream processes to available single-use devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha A Teale
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Schneider
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, ACK24, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Eibl
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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An C, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hu Z, Zhang H, Liu R, Zhou Y, Cen L. Manipulation of porous poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) microcarriers via microfluidics for C2C12 expansion. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124625. [PMID: 37146858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth and repair of skeletal muscle are due in part to activation of muscle precursor cells, commonly known as satellite cells or myoblasts. In order to acquire enough cells for neoskeletal muscle regeneration, it is urgent to develop microcarriers for skeletal myoblasts proliferation with a considerable efficiency. The current study was thus proposed to develop a microfluidic technology to manufacture porous poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) microcarriers of high uniformity, and porosity was manipulated via camphene to suit the proliferation of C2C12 cells. A co-flow capillary microfluidic device was first designed to obtain PLCL microcarriers with different porosity. The attachment and proliferation of C2C12 cells on these microcarriers were evaluated and the differentiation potential of expanded cells were verified. The obtained porous microcarriers were all uniform in size with a high mono-dispersity (CV < 5 %). The content of camphene rendered effects on the size, porosity, and pore size of microcarriers, and porous structure addition produced a softening of their mechanical properties. The one of 10 % camphene (PM-10) exhibited the superior expansion for C2C12 cells with the number of cells after 5 days of culture reached 9.53 times of the adherent cells on the first day. The expanded cells from PM-10 still retained excellent myogenic differentiation performance as the expressions of MYOD, Desmin and MYH2 were intensively enhanced. Hence, the current developed porous PLCL microcarriers could offer as a promising type of substrates not only for in vitro muscular precursor cells expansion without compromising any multipotency but also have the potential as injectable constructs to mediate muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihuan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology. No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Dey AD. Cellular Therapeutics for Chronic Wound Healing: Future for Regenerative Medicine. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1489-1504. [PMID: 35748548 DOI: 10.2174/138945012309220623144620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which demand long-term effective treatment and represent a tremendous financial strain on the global healthcare systems. Regenerative medicines using stem cells have recently become apparent as a promising approach and are an active zone of investigation. They hold the potential to differentiate into specific types of cells and thus possess self-renewable, regenerative, and immune-modulatory effects. Furthermore, with the rise of technology, various cell therapies and cell types such as Bone Marrow and Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Cell (ADMSC), Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs), and Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are studied for their therapeutic impact on reparative processes and tissue regeneration. Cell therapy has proven to have substantial control over enhancing the quality and rate of skin regeneration and wound restoration. The literature review brings to light the mechanics of wound healing, abnormalities resulting in chronic wounds, and the obstacles wound care researchers face, thus exploring the multitude of opportunities for potential improvement. Also, the review is focused on providing particulars on the possible cell-derived therapeutic choices and their associated challenges in healing, in the context of clinical trials, as solutions to these challenges will provide fresh and better future opportunities for improved study design and therefore yield a substantial amount of data for the development of more specialized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.,Government Pharmacy College Kangra, Nagrota Bhagwan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Preclinical Development of a Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Using Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Proof of Concept and Regulatory Compliance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142153. [PMID: 35883596 PMCID: PMC9319990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in emerging therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) hold the potential to improve functional recovery. However, the development of cell-based medicines is challenging and preclinical studies addressing quality, safety and efficacy must be conducted prior to clinical testing; (2) Methods: herein we present (i) the characterization of the quality attributes of MSC from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ) of the umbilical cord, (ii) safety of intrathecal infusion in a 3-month subchronic toxicity assessment study, and (iii) efficacy in a rat SCI model by controlled impaction (100 kdynes) after single (day 7 post-injury) and repeated dose of 1 × 106 MSC,WJ (days 7 and 14 post-injury) with 70-day monitoring by electrophysiological testing, motor function assessment and histology evaluation; (3) Results: no toxicity associated to MSC,WJ infusion was observed. Regarding efficacy, recovery of locomotion was promoted at early time points. Persistence of MSC,WJ was detected early after administration (day 2 post-injection) but not at days 14 and 63 post-injection. (4) Conclusions: the safety profile and signs of efficacy substantiate the suitability of the presented data for inclusion in the Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier for further consideration by the competent Regulatory Authority to proceed with clinical trials.
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Microfluidic-preparation of PLGA microcarriers with collagen patches for MSCs expansion and osteogenic differentiation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oki Y, Harano K, Hara Y, Sasajima Y, Sasaki R, Ito T, Fujishiro M, Ito T. Cationic surface charge effect on proliferation and protein production of human dental pulp stem cells cultured on diethylaminoethyl-modified cellulose porous beads. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dellaquila A, Le Bao C, Letourneur D, Simon‐Yarza T. In Vitro Strategies to Vascularize 3D Physiologically Relevant Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100798. [PMID: 34351702 PMCID: PMC8498873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models built from dedicated materials could solve some of the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration of the bioconstructs within the host tissue, and would provide more in vivo-like perfusable tissue and organ-specific platforms. In the last decade, the fabrication of vascularized physiologically relevant 3D constructs has been attempted by numerous tissue engineering strategies, which are classified here in microfluidic technology, 3D coculture models, namely, spheroids and organoids, and biofabrication. In this review, the recent advancements in prevascularization techniques and the increasing use of natural and synthetic materials to build physiological organ-specific models are discussed. Current drawbacks of each technology, future perspectives, and translation of vascularized tissue constructs toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, and industry are also presented. By combining complementary strategies, these models are envisioned to be successfully used for regenerative medicine and drug development in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation CenterParis75011France
- Biomolecular PhotonicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of BielefeldBielefeld33615Germany
| | - Chau Le Bao
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Université Sorbonne Paris NordGalilée InstituteVilletaneuseF‐93430France
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Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Post-Myocardial Infarction Therapeutic Toolkit: An Experienced View. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091336. [PMID: 34575412 PMCID: PMC8471243 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outstanding progress has been achieved in developing therapeutic options for reasonably alleviating symptoms and prolonging the lifespan of patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI). Current treatments, however, only partially address the functional recovery of post-infarcted myocardium, which is in fact the major goal for effective primary care. In this context, we largely investigated novel cell and TE tissue engineering therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair, particularly using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and natural extracellular matrices, from pre-clinical studies to clinical application. A further step in this field is offered by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV), which are naturally released nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles with a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Herein, in this review, we further describe and discuss the rationale, outcomes and challenges of our evidence-based therapy approaches using Wharton's jelly MSC and derived EV in post-MI management.
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13
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Mesenchymal stem cells from biology to therapy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:539-548. [PMID: 34355761 PMCID: PMC8639183 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are as fascinating as they are enigmatic. They appear capable of performing a wide array of functions that cross skeletal biology, immunology and haematology. As therapeutics, mesenchymal stem cells or even just their secreted products may be used to regenerate tissue lost through injury or disease and suppress damaging immune reactions. However, these cells lack unique markers and are hard to identify and isolate as pure cell populations. They are often grown in laboratories using basic and undefined culture conditions. We cannot even agree on their name. While mesenchymal stem cells may lack the developmental understanding and defined differentiation hierarchies of their more illustrious stem cell cousins, they offer a compelling scientific challenge. In depth understanding of mesenchymal stem cell biology will enable us to exploit fully one of the most clinically valuable cell sources.
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Bryk M, Karnas E, Mlost J, Zuba-Surma E, Starowicz K. Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for the treatment of pain: Current status and perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4281-4299. [PMID: 34028798 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells of mesodermal origin. Due to their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into several cell types, MSCs have been extensively studied in experimental biology and regenerative medicine in recent years. Moreover, MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which might be partly responsible for their regenerative properties. MSCs regulate several processes in target cells via paracrine signalling, such as immunomodulation, anti-apoptotic signalling, tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and anti-fibrotic signalling. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed description of the functional properties of MSCs and EVs and their potential clinical applications, with a special focus on pain treatment. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of MSCs and EVs will be discussed for several diseases, such as neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bryk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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15
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García-Muñoz E, Vives J. Towards the standardization of methods of tissue processing for the isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical use. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:513-522. [PMID: 33994662 PMCID: PMC8109215 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently the most extensively studied type of adult stem cells in advanced stages of development in the field of regenerative medicine. The biological properties of MSCs have generated great hope for their therapeutic use in degenerative and autoimmune conditions that, at present, lack effective treatment options. Over the last decades, MSCs have been typically obtained from adult bone marrow, but the extraction process is highly invasive and the quality and numbers of isolated cells is drastically influenced by patient age, medication and associated comorbidities. Therefore, there is currently an open discussion on the convenience of allogeneic over autologous treatments, despite potential disadvantages such as rejection by the host. This shift to the allogeneic setting entails the need for high production of MSCs to ensure availability of sufficient cell numbers for transplantation, and therefore making the search for alternative tissue sources of highly proliferative MSC cultures with low levels of senescence occurrence, which is one of the greatest current challenges in the scale up of therapeutic cell bioprocessing. Herein we (i) present the main isolation protocols of MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue and Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord; and (ii) compare their qualities from a bioprocess standpoint, addressing both quality and regulatory aspects, in view of their anticipated clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth García-Muñoz
- Banc de Sang iTeixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Banc de Sang iTeixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Gastelurrutia P, Prat-Vidal C, Vives J, Coll R, Bayes-Genis A, Gálvez-Montón C. Transitioning From Preclinical Evidence to Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product: A Spanish Experience. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:604434. [PMID: 33614746 PMCID: PMC7890001 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.604434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic and ordered product development program, in compliance with current quality and regulatory standards, increases the likelihood of yielding a successful advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) for clinical use as safe and effective therapy. As this is a novel field, little accurate information is available regarding the steps to be followed, and the information to be produced to support the development and use of an ATMP. Notably, successful clinical translation can be somewhat cumbersome for academic researchers. In this article, we have provided a summary of the available information, supported by our experience in Spain throughout the development of an ATMP for myocardial infarction, from the pre-clinical stage to phase I clinical trial approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Gastelurrutia
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Insuficiencia Cardíaca y Regeneración Cardíaca Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Insuficiencia Cardíaca y Regeneración Cardíaca Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Coll
- Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Insuficiencia Cardíaca y Regeneración Cardíaca Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Insuficiencia Cardíaca y Regeneración Cardíaca Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Numerical Methods for the Design and Description of In Vitro Expansion Processes of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 177:185-228. [PMID: 33090237 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a valuable source of cells for clinical applications (e.g., treatment of acute myocardial infarction or inflammatory diseases), especially in the field of regenerative medicine. However, for autologous (patient-specific) and allogeneic (off-the-shelf) hMSC-based therapies, in vitro expansion is necessary prior to the clinical application in order to achieve the required cell numbers. Safe, reproducible, and economic in vitro expansion of hMSCs for autologous and allogeneic therapies can be problematic because the cell material is restricted and the cells are sensitive to environmental changes. It is beneficial to collect detailed information on the hydrodynamic conditions and cell growth behavior in a bioreactor system, in order to develop a so called "Digital Twin" of the cultivation system and expansion process. Numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which has become widely used in the biotech industry for studying local characteristics within bioreactors or kinetic growth modelling, provide possible solutions for such tasks.In this review, we will present the current state-of-the-art for the in vitro expansion of hMSCs. Different numerical tools, including numerical fluid flow simulations and cell growth modelling approaches for hMSCs, will be presented. In addition, a case study demonstrating the applicability of CFD and kinetic growth modelling for the development of an microcarrier-based hMSC process will be shown.
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