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Kositsyn YMHB, Volgin AD, de Abreu MS, Demin KA, Zabegalov KN, Maslov GO, Petersen EV, Kolesnikova TO, Strekalova T, Kalueff AV. Towards translational modeling of behavioral despair and its treatment in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113906. [PMID: 35489477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a widespread and severely debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder whose key clinical symptoms include low mood, anhedonia and despair (the inability or unwillingness to overcome stressors). Experimental animal models are widely used to improve our mechanistic understanding of depression pathogenesis, and to develop novel antidepressant therapies. In rodents, various experimental models of 'behavioral despair' have already been developed and rigorously validated. Complementing rodent studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a powerful model organism to assess pathobiological mechanisms of depression and other related affective disorders. Here, we critically discuss the developing potential and important translational implications of zebrafish models for studying despair and its mechanisms, and the utility of such aquatic models for antidepressant drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy M H B Kositsyn
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Andrew D Volgin
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medcial Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | | | - Gleb O Maslov
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | | | | | - Tatiana Strekalova
- University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
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Marchi-Coelho C, Costa-Ferreira W, Reis-Silva LL, Crestani CC. Angiotensinergic Neurotransmissions in the Medial Amygdala Nucleus Modulate Behavioral Changes in the Forced Swimming Test Evoked by Acute Restraint Stress in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:1217. [PMID: 34067508 PMCID: PMC8156471 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 receptor) and type 2 (AT2 receptor) and MAS receptors present in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) in behavioral changes in the forced swimming test (FST) evoked by acute restraint stress in male rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, the selective MAS receptor antagonist A-779, or vehicle 10 min before a 60 min restraint session. Then, behavior in the FST was evaluated immediately after the restraint (15 min session) and 24 h later (5 min session). The behavior in the FST of a non-stressed group was also evaluated. We observed that acute restraint stress decreased immobility during both sessions of the FST in animals treated with vehicle in the MeA. The decreased immobility during the first session was inhibited by intra-MeA administration of PD123319, whereas the effect during the second session was not identified in animals treated with A-779 into the MeA. Microinjection of PD123319 into the MeA also affected the pattern of active behaviors (i.e., swimming and climbing) during the second session of the FST. Taken together, these results indicate an involvement of angiotensinergic neurotransmissions within the MeA in behavioral changes in the FST evoked by stress.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Angiotensins/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/drug effects
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/metabolism
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Reaction Time
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Restraint, Physical
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Swimming
- Time Factors
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marchi-Coelho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lilian L. Reis-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Chernysh MV, Krotova NA, Taranov AS, Ilyin NP, Seredinskaya MV, Tagawa N, Savva AK, Mor MS, Vasyutina ML, Efimova EV, Kolesnikova TO, Gainetdinov RR, Strekalova T, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. The zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test as a new tool to assess stress-related behavior and a potential screen for drugs affecting despair-like states. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 337:108637. [PMID: 32081675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disorders, especially depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent, debilitating mental illnesses. Animal experimental models are a valuable tool in translational affective neuroscience research. A hallmark phenotype of clinical and experimental depression, the learned helplessness, has become a key target for 'behavioral despair'-based animal models of depression. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a promising novel organism for affective disease modeling and CNS drug screening. Despite being widely used to assess stress and anxiety-like behaviors, there are presently no clear-cut despair-like models in zebrafish. NEW METHOD Here, we introduce a novel behavioral paradigm, the zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test, as a potential tool to assess zebrafish despair-like behavior. Conceptually similar to rodent 'despair' models, the ZTI protocol involves immobilizing the caudal half of the fish body for 5 min, leaving the cranial part to move freely, suspended vertically in a small beaker with water. RESULTS To validate this model, we used exposure to low-voltage electric shock, alarm pheromone, selected antidepressants (sertraline and amitriptyline) and an anxiolytic drug benzodiazepine (phenazepam), assessing the number of mobility episodes, time spent 'moving', total distance moved and other activity measures of the cranial part of the body, using video-tracking. Both electric shock and alarm pheromone decreased zebrafish activity in this test, antidepressants increased it, and phenazepam was inactive. Furthermore, a 5-min ZTI exposure increased serotonin turnover, elevating the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio in zebrafish brain, while electric shock prior to ZTI elevated both this and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratios. In contrast, preexposure to antidepressants sertraline and amitriptyline lowered both ratios, compared to the ZTI test-exposed fish. COMPARISON WITH EXISTINGMETHOD(S) The ZTI test is the first despair-like experimental model in zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study suggests the ZTI test as a potentially useful protocol to assess stress-/despair-related behaviors, potentially relevant to CNS drug screening and behavioral phenotyping of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Maria V Chernysh
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Krotova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S Taranov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita P Ilyin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria V Seredinskaya
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natsuki Tagawa
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna K Savva
- Laboratory of Insect Biopharmacology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikael S Mor
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina L Vasyutina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Bernal-Morales B, Cueto-Escobedo J, Guillén-Ruiz G, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Contreras CM. A Fatty Acids Mixture Reduces Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Infant Rats Mediated by GABA A Receptors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8798546. [PMID: 29392140 PMCID: PMC5748109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8798546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (C6-C18) found in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk reduce behavioral indicators of experimental anxiety in adult Wistar rats. Unknown, however, is whether the anxiolytic-like effects of fatty acids provide a natural mechanism against anxiety in young offspring. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effect of a mixture of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid in Wistar rats on postnatal day 28. Infant rats were subjected to the elevated plus maze, defensive burying test, and locomotor activity test. Diazepam was used as a reference anxiolytic drug. A group that was pretreated with picrotoxin was used to explore the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects. Similar to diazepam, the fatty acid mixture significantly increased the frequency of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased burying behavior in the defensive burying test, without producing significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. These anxiolytic-like effects were blocked by picrotoxin. Results suggest that these fatty acids that are contained in maternal fluid may reduce anxiety-like behavior by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission in infant 28-day-old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
| | - Carlos M. Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
- Unidad Periférica Xalapa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico
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5
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Green A, Esser MJ, Perrot TS. Developmental expression of anxiety and depressive behaviours after prenatal predator exposure and early life homecage enhancement. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:122-136. [PMID: 29183765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stressful events during gestation can have sex-specific effects on brain and behaviour, and may contribute to some of the differences observed in adult stress responding and psychopathology. We investigated the impact of a novel repeated prenatal psychological stress (prenatal predator exposure - PPS) during the last week of gestation in rats on offspring behaviours related to social interaction (play behaviour), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SP) during the juvenile period and in adulthood. We further examined the role of postnatal environmental, using an enhanced housing condition (EHC), to prevent/rescue any changes. Some effects on anxiety, anhedonia, and stress-related coping behaviours (e.g., OFT, SP and OFT) did not emerge until adulthood. PPS increased OFT anxiety behaviours in adult males, and some OFT and SP behaviours in adult females. Contrary to this, EHC had few independent effects; most were apparent only when combined with PPS. In keeping with age-group differences, juvenile behaviours did not necessarily predict the same adult behaviours although juvenile OFT rearing and freezing, and juvenile FST immobility did predict adult FST immobility and sucrose preference, suggesting that some aspects of depressive behaviours may emerge early and predict adult vulnerability or coping behaviours. Together, these results suggest an important, though complex, role for early life psychological stressors and early life behaviours in creating an adult vulnerability to anxiety or depressive disorders and that environmental factors further modulate the effects of the prenatal stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Green
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Michael J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara S Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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6
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Cutuli D, Berretta E, Pasqualini G, De Bartolo P, Caporali P, Laricchiuta D, Sampedro-Piquero P, Gelfo F, Pesoli M, Foti F, Begega A, Petrosini L. Influence of Pre-reproductive Maternal Enrichment on Coping Response to Stress and Expression of c-Fos and Glucocorticoid Receptors in Adolescent Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:73. [PMID: 28536510 PMCID: PMC5422443 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental setting broadly used for investigating the effects of complex social, cognitive, and sensorimotor stimulations on brain structure and function. Recent studies point out that parental EE experience, even occurring in the pre-reproductive phase, affects neural development and behavioral trajectories of the offspring. In the present study we investigated the influences of pre-reproductive EE of female rats on maternal behavior and adolescent male offspring's coping response to an inescapable stressful situation after chronic social isolation. For this purpose female Wistar rats were housed from weaning to breeding age in enriched or standard environments. Subsequently, all females were mated and housed in standard conditions until offspring weaning. On the first post partum day (ppd 1), mother-pup interactions in undisturbed conditions were recorded. Further, after weaning the male pups were reared for 2 weeks under social isolation or in standard conditions, and then submitted or not to a single-session Forced Swim Test (FST). Offspring's neuronal activation and plastic changes were identified by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and assessed by using stereological analysis. The biochemical correlates were measured in the hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate cortex, structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation. Enriched dams exhibited increased Crouching levels in comparison to standard reared dams. In the offspring of both kinds of dams, social isolation reduced body weight, decreased Immobility, and increased Swimming during FST. Moreover, isolated offspring of enriched dams exhibited higher levels of Climbing in comparison to controls. Interestingly, in the amygdala of both isolated and control offspring of enriched dams we found a lower number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in response to FST and a higher number of GRs in comparison to the offspring of standard dams. These results highlight the profound influence of a stressful condition, such as the social isolation, on the brain of adolescent rats, and underline intergenerational effects of maternal experiences in regulating the offspring response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Erica Berretta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Greta Pasqualini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of TeCoS, Marconi UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia UniversityCatanzaro, Italy
| | - Azucena Begega
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Department, University of OviedoOviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
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Seo MK, Choi CM, McIntyre RS, Cho HY, Lee CH, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Lee JH, Kim YH, Park SW, Lee JG. Effects of escitalopram and paroxetine on mTORC1 signaling in the rat hippocampus under chronic restraint stress. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28446154 PMCID: PMC5405541 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling may be related to antidepressant action. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether antidepressant drugs would exert differential effects on mTOR signaling in the rat hippocampus under conditions of chronic restraint stress. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h/days for 21 days with either escitalopram (10 mg/kg) or paroxetine (10 mg/kg) administered after the chronic stress procedure. Western blot analyses were used to assess changes in the levels of phospho-Ser2448-mTOR, phospho-Thr37/46-4E-BP-1, phospho-Thr389-p70S6 K, phospho-Ser422-eIF4B, phospho-Ser240/244-S6, phospho-Ser473-Akt, and phospho-Thr202/Tyr204-ERK in the hippocampus. Results Chronic restraint stress significantly decreased the levels of phospho-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), phospho-4E-BP-1, phospho-p70S6 K, phospho-eIF4B, phospho-S6, phospho-Akt, and phospho-ERK (p < 0.05); the administration of escitalopram and paroxetine increased the levels of all these proteins (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Additionally, chronic restraint stress reduced phospho-mTORC1 signaling activities in general, while escitalopram and paroxetine prevented these changes in phospho-mTORC1 signaling activities. Conclusion These findings provide further data that contribute to understanding the possible relationships among mTOR activity, stress, and antidepressant drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0357-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Choi
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hong Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan, 614-735, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Eshkevari L, Mulroney SE, Egan R, Lao L. Effects of Acupuncture, RU-486 on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Chronically Stressed Adult Male Rats. Endocrinology 2015. [PMID: 26196540 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that pretreatment with electroacupuncture (EA) at stomach meridian point 36 (St36) prevents the chronic cold-stress increase in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), an action that may be under central control. Given that treatment for stress-related symptoms usually begins after onset of the stress responses, the objectives of the present study were to determine the efficacy of EA St36 on HPA hormones when EA St36 is given after stress was initiated, if the results are long lasting, and if blocking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using RU-486 had the same effects as EA St36. Adult male rats were placed in 4 groups of animals, 3 of which were exposed to cold and 1 of which was a nontreatment control group. After exposure to the cold stress, 2 groups were treated with either EA St36 or sham-EA, repeated over 10 days. The increase in ACTH and corticosterone observed in stress-only rats was prevented in EA St36 animals, and the effects remained intact 4 days after withdrawal of EA but continuation of cold stress. When the GR was blocked with RU-486, the efficacy of EA St36 remained unchanged. GR blockade did significantly elevate ACTH, which is not seen with EA St36, suggesting that EA St36 does act centrally. The elevated HPA hormones in stress-only rats were associated with a significant increase in depressive and anxious behavior; this was not observed in the stressed EA St36 animals. The results indicate that EA specifically at St36 vs sham-EA is effective in treating chronic poststress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Eshkevari
- School of Nursing and Health Studies (L.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (L.E., S.E.M., R.E.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007; and School of Chinese Medicine (L.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susan E Mulroney
- School of Nursing and Health Studies (L.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (L.E., S.E.M., R.E.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007; and School of Chinese Medicine (L.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rupert Egan
- School of Nursing and Health Studies (L.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (L.E., S.E.M., R.E.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007; and School of Chinese Medicine (L.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Nursing and Health Studies (L.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (L.E., S.E.M., R.E.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007; and School of Chinese Medicine (L.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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9
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Abstract
The defensive burying test is an experimental model that is used to explore anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. Because the expression of anxiety-like behavior may differ between infant and adult rats, we tested the impact of chambers with different sizes and shapes on defensive burying in 28-day-old Wistar rats. The first two chambers had base areas of 560 cm, but one was rectangular and the other round. The base areas of the other two chambers were 282 cm, also with one rectangular and one round. We examined the effects of vehicle and 1 mg/kg diazepam on defensive burying in the various chambers. Locomotor activity was also measured to identify or exclude any sedative effects. Independent of the treatments used, the infant rats showed a shorter burying latency in the three modified chambers and a longer cumulative burying time compared with the original apparatus. The effects of diazepam (i.e. increased latency and decreased burying time) were only significant in the small round chamber, without significant effects on general motor activity. These results suggest that a small round chamber that is used to test burying behavior is sensitive to the anxiolytic actions of diazepam when the experimental subjects are very young rats.
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Bourke CH, Glasper ER, Neigh GN. SSRI or CRF antagonism partially ameliorate depressive-like behavior after adolescent social defeat. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:295-9. [PMID: 24867331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety during adolescence are complex disorders due to persistent effects on physiology and behavior. Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are currently the most widely used pharmacological intervention for depression. Corticotropin-releasing factor one (CRF1) receptor antagonists represent a novel class of compounds that may have efficacy for depressive and anxiety disorders. This study used an animal model of chronic adolescent stress to determine the efficacy of the SSRI fluoxetine, and a novel CRF1 receptor antagonist, GSK876008, on prevention of the behavioral effects of chronic adolescent stress. Male rats were exposed to chronic social defeat stress, fluoxetine, and/or GSK876008 from postnatal day 28-50. Chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors were partially attenuated by either concurrent fluoxetine or GSK876008. Fluoxetine blunted body mass gain in the adolescents exposed to chronic stress. The collective data demonstrate similar efficacy between a SSRI and a CRF1 receptor antagonist in the attenuation of stress-induced anhedonia but fewer side effects were observed in those rats treated with the CRF1 receptor antagonist. These data suggest that CRF1 receptor antagonists may be a viable alternative for treatment of depressive behaviors in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Bourke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica R Glasper
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Park HJ, Kim SK, Kang WS, Chung JH, Kim JW. Increased activation of synapsin 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the amygdala of maternal separation rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:172-81. [PMID: 24279756 PMCID: PMC6493014 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) causes alterations in emotionality and anxiety levels as a significant risk factor for psychiatric problems, and these alterations have been associated with amygdala activity. AIMS To elucidate the molecular mechanism on the development of psychiatric problems following ELS, we identified the alteration of molecules in the amygdala using maternal separation (MS; pnd 14-21) rats through gene expression and DNA methylation microarray analysis, and studied the involvement of candidate genes using a Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Through a microarray analysis, in the amygdala of MS rats, we found a downregulation of mRNA expression of synapsin 1 (Syn1) gene with hypermethylation of its transcription start site (TSS), and the alterations of mRNA expressions of Syn1 activation-related kinase genes including mitogen-activated protein kinases (Mapks) with change of their TSS methylation. In addition, MS increased not only Syn1 phosphorylation at the phosphorylation sites by Mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), but also Mapk/Erk phosphorylation in the amygdala. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining showed that MS could elevate phospho-Mapk/Erk immunoreactivity (IR) in Syn1-expression puncta. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the activation of Mapk/Erk and Syn1 may be a key mechanism modulating synaptic neurotransmition in the amygdala of MS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bogdanova OV, Kanekar S, D'Anci KE, Renshaw PF. Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim test. Physiol Behav 2013; 118:227-39. [PMID: 23685235 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant drugs. A modified version of the FST added the classification of active behaviors into swimming and climbing, in order to facilitate the differentiation between serotonergic and noradrenergic classes of antidepressant drugs. The FST is now widely used in basic research and the pharmaceutical screening of potential antidepressant treatments. It is also one of the most commonly used tests to assess depressive-like behavior in animal models. Despite the simplicity and sensitivity of the FST procedure, important differences even in baseline immobility rates have been reported between different groups, which complicate the comparison of results across studies. In spite of several methodological papers and reviews published on the FST, the need still exists for clarification of factors which can influence the procedure. While most recent reviews have focused on antidepressant effects observed with the FST, this one considers the methodological aspects of the procedure, aiming to summarize issues beyond antidepressant action in the FST. The previously published literature is analyzed for factors which are known to influence animal behavior in the FST. These include biological factors, such as strain, age, body weight, gender and individual differences between animals; influence of preconditioning before the FST: handling, social isolation or enriched environment, food manipulations, various kinds of stress, endocrine manipulations and surgery; schedule and routes of treatment, dosage and type of the drugs as well as experimental design and laboratory environmental effects. Consideration of these factors in planning experiments may result in more consistent FST results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena V Bogdanova
- Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT84108, USA.
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13
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Thanos P, Delis F, Rosko L, Volkow ND. Passive Response to Stress in Adolescent Female and Adult Male Mice after Intermittent Nicotine Exposure in Adolescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 6:007. [PMID: 24619539 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.s6-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is frequently co-morbid with depression. Although it is recognized that depression increases the risk for smoking, it is unclear if early smoking exposure may increase the risk for depression. To test this possibility we assessed the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the Forced Swim Test (FST), which is used as a measure of passive coping, and depressive-like behavior in rodents, and on the open field test (OFT), which is used as a measure of locomotion and exploratory behavior. Male and female mice received daily saline or nicotine (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg) injections from postnatal day (PD) 30 to PD 44. FST and OFT were performed either 1 or 30 days after the last injection (PD 45 and PD 74, respectively). In females, treatment with 0.3 mg/kg nicotine lead to increased FST immobility (64%) and decreased OFT locomotor activity (12%) one day following the last nicotine injection (PD 45); while no effects were observed in adulthood (PD 74). In contrast, on PD45, nicotine treatment did not change the male FST immobility but lead to lower OFT locomotor activity (0.6 mg/kg, 10%). In adulthood (PD 74), both nicotine doses lead to higher FST immobility (87%) in males while 0.6 mg/kg nicotine to lower OFT locomotor activity (13%). The results (i) identify females as more vulnerable to the immediate withdrawal that follows nicotine discontinuation in adolescence and (ii) suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure may enhance the risk for passive response towards unavoidable stress in adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis Thanos
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Behavioral Neuropharmacology & Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Foteini Delis
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology & Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology & Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Medicine, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bourke CH, Neigh GN. Exposure to repeated maternal aggression induces depressive-like behavior and increases startle in adult female rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 227:270-5. [PMID: 22093902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The stress response is a multifaceted physiological reaction that engages a wide range of systems. Animal studies examining stress and the stress response employ diverse methods as stressors. While many of these stressors are capable of inducing a stress response in animals, a need exists for an ethologically relevant stressor for female rats. The purpose of the current study was to use an ethologically relevant social stressor to induce behavioral alterations in adult female rats. Adult (postnatal day 90) female Wistar rats were repeatedly exposed to lactating Long Evans female rats to simulate chronic stress. After six days of sessions, intruder females exposed to defeat were tested in the sucrose consumption test, the forced swim test, acoustic startle test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. At the conclusion of behavioral testing, animals were restrained for 30 min and trunk blood was collected for assessment of serum hormones. Female rats exposed to maternal aggression exhibited decreased sucrose consumption, and impaired coping behavior in the forced swim test. Additionally, female rats exposed to repeated maternal aggression exhibited an increased acoustic startle response. No changes were observed in female rats in the elevated plus maze or open field test. Serum hormones were unaltered due to repeated exposure to maternal aggression. These data indicate the importance of the social experience in the development of stress-related behaviors: an acerbic social experience in female rats precipitates the manifestation of depressive-like behaviors and an enhanced startle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Bourke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Bourke CH, Neigh GN. Behavioral effects of chronic adolescent stress are sustained and sexually dimorphic. Horm Behav 2011; 60:112-20. [PMID: 21466807 PMCID: PMC3112263 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that women are more susceptible to stress-related disorders than men. Animal studies demonstrate a similar female sensitivity to stress and have been used to examine the underlying neurobiology of sex-specific effects of stress. Although our understanding of the sex-specific effects of chronic adolescent stress has grown in recent years, few studies have reported the effects of adolescent stress on depressive-like behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine if a chronic mixed modality stressor (consisting of isolation, restraint, and social defeat) during adolescence (PND 37-49) resulted in differential and sustained changes in depressive-like behavior in male and female Wistar rats. Female rats exposed to chronic adolescent stress displayed decreased sucrose consumption, hyperactivity in the elevated plus maze, decreased activity in the forced swim test, and a blunted corticosterone response to an acute forced swim stress compared to controls during both adolescence (PND 48-57) and adulthood (PND 96-104). Male rats exposed to chronic adolescent stress did not manifest significant behavioral changes at either the end of adolescence or in adulthood. These data support the proposition that adolescence may be a stress sensitive period for females and exposure to stress during adolescence results in behavioral effects that persist in females. Studies investigating the sex-specific effects of chronic adolescent stress may lead to a better understanding of the sexually dimorphic incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders in humans and ultimately improve prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Bourke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center Child and Adolescent Mood Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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