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Roberts WA, Macpherson K, Robinson S, Hennessy A, Richmond B. Rat spatial memory and foraging on dual radial mazes. Learn Behav 2024; 52:51-59. [PMID: 37340173 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Three experiments are reported that used a new test of spatial memory in rats. The apparatus used was dual eight-arm radial mazes that were connected at one arm of each maze, with a start arm and doors to each maze. Rats could be forced to go to one maze or the other or could make a free choice between mazes. In Experiment 1, rats formed reference memory for the arm containing food on one maze but had food randomly placed on different arms over trials on the other maze. In Experiment 2, rats formed working memory for the arm containing food on one maze but not the other. In Experiment 3, food location changed randomly among trials on both mazes, but one maze contained a cue for the location of food. Rats used reference and working memory to go directly to the food arm on one maze but found food only after searching several arms on the other maze. Most importantly, when given free-choice trials rats developed a significant preference for the maze where they knew the location of food reward or found the cue indicating the location of reward. We suggest these findings may be best interpreted by rats applying two successive rules: (1) choose the maze that leads to the most immediate reward, and (2) use extramaze or intramaze cues to find reward location on the maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Roberts
- Psychology Department, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada.
| | - Krista Macpherson
- Psychology Department, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Sophia Robinson
- Psychology Department, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Abagail Hennessy
- Psychology Department, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Bram Richmond
- Psychology Department, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada
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Copy rats: Learning by observation during a foraging task by rats. Learn Behav 2022:10.3758/s13420-022-00525-5. [DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Interaction of memory systems is controlled by context in both food-storing and non-storing birds. Learn Behav 2022; 50:140-152. [PMID: 34918201 PMCID: PMC8983471 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-021-00496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animals and humans have multiple memory systems. While both black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) are under selective pressure to remember reliable long-term spatial locations (habit memory), chickadees must additionally quickly form and rapidly update spatial memory for unique cache sites (one-trial memory). We conducted a series of three experiments in which we assessed the degree to which habit and one-trial memory were expressed in both species as a function of training context. In Experiment 1, birds failed to demonstrate habits on probe trials after being trained in the context of a biased Match-to-Sample task in which the same high-frequency target was always correct. In Experiment 2, habit strongly controlled performance when habits were learned as Discriminations, defining a specific training context. In Experiment 3, context no longer defined when to express habits and habit and one-trial memory competed for control of behavior. Across all experiments, birds preferentially used the memory system at test that was consistent with the context in which it was acquired. Although the memory adaptations that allow chickadees to successfully recover cached food might predispose them to favor one-trial memory, we found no species differences in the weighting of habit and one-trial memory. In the experiments here, context was a powerful factor controlling the interaction of memory systems.
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Suarez JA, Solano JL, Barrios KP, Ortega LA. Nicotine increases behavioral variability on radial arm maze extinction. A preliminary study. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brown EK, Hampton RR. Cognitive control of working memory but not familiarity in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Learn Behav 2020; 48:444-452. [PMID: 32638291 PMCID: PMC7686054 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-020-00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Directed forgetting paradigms assess cognitive control by determining whether memory accuracy is superior in trials on which subjects were instructed to remember compared with accuracy in trials on which they were instructed to forget. We used a directed forgetting paradigm to compare the extent to which working memory and familiarity are subject to rehearsal-like cognitive control in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys studied a sample image, then saw one of two distinctive cues during a retention interval. The remember cue typically predicted a four-choice match to sample test, for which memory of the sample was critical. The forget cue typically predicted one of five perceptual discrimination tests, matched for accuracy to the memory tests, for which memory of the sample was irrelevant. On rare probe trials, the test type other than the type typically predicted by the cue was presented. When cognitive control of memory was possible, accuracy should have been higher on memory tests following the remember cue than on those following the forget cue. We found that accuracy was higher following the remember cue under conditions that favored working memory (small image set) but was not higher under conditions that favored matching on the basis of relative familiarity (large image set). Working memory, but not familiarity, is subject to cognitive control in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kathryn Brown
- Department of Psychology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Robert R Hampton
- Department of Psychology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Alagan A, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Azmi N. Phyllanthus amarus protects against spatial memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Bioinformation 2019; 15:535-541. [PMID: 31719762 PMCID: PMC6822522 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn. is a wide spread medicinal herb with various traditional uses. It is well documented for its antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the 80% ethanol extract of Phyllanthus
amarus (PA) on spatial memory using the 8-radial arm maze (8-RAM) in mice after induction of neuro inflammation by lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) in a 14- and 28-days treatment study. LC-MS/MS was performed to profile the chemical composition in PA extract. Mice were
treated orally with 5% v/v tween 20, PA extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), or ibuprofen (IBF 40 mg/kg) for 14 and 28 days. All groups
were challenged with LPS (1 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection a day prior to the 8-RAM task except for the negative control group
which received an i.p. injection of saline. Data obtained were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett's test
(comparison of all groups against vehicle control). Analysis of LC-MS/MS data revealed the presence of 16 compounds in the PA extract.
Administration of PA extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg for 14 and 28 days significantly (*P<0.05) decreased the working and reference memory
errors against LPS-induced spatial memory impairment. The observed protective action is possibly due to the putative antineuroinflammatory
effects of PA. In conclusion, PA extract possess neuroprotective effects against spatial memory impairment mediated by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilandeshwari Alagan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre,Faculty of Pharmacy,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz,50300 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy-SRI,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,Taylor's University,Lakeside Campus,Jalan Taylor's,47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre,Faculty of Pharmacy,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz,50300 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Norazrina Azmi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre,Faculty of Pharmacy,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz,50300 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
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Sanei M, Saberi-Demneh A. Effect of curcumin on memory impairment: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:98-106. [PMID: 30599917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory impairment (MI) is one of the most common complaints of people referred to physicians for proper diagnosis. In addition, the prevalence of neurodegenerative lesions like Alzheimer is generally on the increase. Thus far, numerous laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of curcumin on the improvement of MI. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of curcumin on MI in animal studies. METHODS Keywords related to memory and curcumin were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases based on MeSH; and articles published until July 2017 were later extracted. Then the articles (full text or abstract) were examined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The present study evaluated articles that did not include specific pathologies such as Alzheimer. RESULTS A total of 90 articles met the inclusion criteria but only 25 articles underwent final review. The minimum and maximum dosages of curcumin were 5 and 480 mg/kg respectively. Curcumin was administered over the period of 1-84 days. The results of 24 articles showed that curcumin moderates short-term and long-term MI in various laboratory models such as aging, acute and chronic stress, anxiety, smoking, benzodiazepine and anticonvulsant consumption, and other conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that curcumin moderated or reversed MI in rodents and did not have a placebo effect. Accordingly, curcumin can play a preventive and therapeutic role in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sanei
- MD, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Saberi-Demneh
- MD, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Toffa DH, Kpadonou C, Gams Massi D, Ouedraogo M, Sow AD, Ndiaye M, Samb A. Le magnésium et le calcium réduisent la sévérité des troubles de la mémoire spatiale pour le modèle kaïnique d’épilepsie mésiale temporale chez la souris. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1132-1144. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dènahin Hinnoutondji Toffa
- Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
- Neuroépilepsie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Laboratoire de physiologie et physiopathologie humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Carl Kpadonou
- Laboratoire de physiologie et physiopathologie humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Daniel Gams Massi
- Neurologie, Université de Douala - Faculté de Médecine et de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Douala, Cameroun
- Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire National Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Modeste Ouedraogo
- Laboratoire de physiologie et physiopathologie humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow
- Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire National Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Moustapha Ndiaye
- Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire National Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Samb
- Laboratoire de physiologie et physiopathologie humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Guitar NA, Strang CG, Course CJ, Sherry DF. Chickadees neither win-shift nor win-stay when foraging. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Roberts WA, Macpherson K, Strang C. Context controls access to working and reference memory in the pigeon (Columba livia). J Exp Anal Behav 2016; 105:184-93. [PMID: 26781056 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between working and reference memory systems was examined under conditions in which salient contextual cues were presented during memory retrieval. Ambient colored lights (red or green) bathed the operant chamber during the presentation of comparison stimuli in delayed matching-to-sample training (working memory) and during the presentation of the comparison stimuli as S+ and S- cues in discrimination training (reference memory). Strong competition between memory systems appeared when the same contextual cue appeared during working and reference memory training. When different contextual cues were used, however, working memory was completely protected from reference memory interference.
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Cabrera-Pastor A, Hernandez-Rabaza V, Taoro-Gonzalez L, Balzano T, Llansola M, Felipo V. In vivo administration of extracellular cGMP normalizes TNF-α and membrane expression of AMPA receptors in hippocampus and spatial reference memory but not IL-1β, NMDA receptors in membrane and working memory in hyperammonemic rats. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:360-370. [PMID: 27189036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) show working memory and visuo-spatial orientation deficits. Hyperammonemia is a main contributor to cognitive impairment in HE. Hyperammonemic rats show impaired spatial learning and learning ability in the Y maze. Intracerebral administration of extracellular cGMP restores learning in the Y-maze. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. It also remains unknown whether extracellular cGMP improves neuroinflammation or restores spatial learning in hyperammonemic rats and if it affects differently reference and working memory. The aims of this work were: Spatial working and reference memory were assessed using the radial and Morris water mazes and neuroinflammation by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Membrane expression of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits was analyzed using the BS3 crosslinker. Extracellular cGMP was administered intracerebrally using osmotic minipumps. Chronic hyperammonemia induces neuroinflammation in hippocampus, with astrocytes activation and increased IL-1β, which are associated with increased NMDA receptors membrane expression and impaired working memory. This process is not affected by extracellular cGMP. Hyperammonemia also activates microglia and increases TNF-α, alters membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits (increased GluA1 and reduced GluA2) and impairs reference memory. All these changes are reversed by extracellular cGMP. These results show that extracellular cGMP modulates spatial reference memory but not working memory. This would be mediated by modulation of TNF-α levels and of membrane expression of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lucas Taoro-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia, Spain.
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Roberts WA, Guitar NA, Marsh HL, MacDonald H. Memory systems in the rat: effects of reward probability, context, and congruency between working and reference memory. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:593-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-0964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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