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Fischer MS, Baucom DH, Weber DM, Bauer DJ, Munion AK, Porter LS, Christensen A, Bulik CM, Whisman MA, Abramowitz JS, Kirby JS, Runfola CD, Ditzen B, Baucom BRW. Interpersonal dynamics of vocal fundamental frequency in couples: Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress. Behav Res Ther 2024; 180:104571. [PMID: 39084003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Given the bidirectional association between psychopathology and relationship distress, an in-depth understanding of couples' interaction processes that contribute to psychopathology is needed. This study examined the interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal (fundamental frequency, f0) during couple conversations and their associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress. Data from eight samples were pooled (N = 404 couples) to examine (a) overall trajectories of f0 across the interaction and (b) moment-by-moment intraindividual changes in and interpersonal reactivity to partners' f0. Multilevel growth models and repeated-measures actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated that individuals with more severe depression showed more synchronizing reactivity to their partners' f0 on a moment-by-moment basis, and their overall baseline level of f0 was lower. More severe relationship distress was associated with more steeply increasing trajectories of f0 and with greater synchronizing reactivity to partners' f0. Relative differences in depressive symptoms between the two members of a couple were associated with interpersonal dynamics of f0 as well. There were no associations with anxiety symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms were associated with characteristic interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal; yet, most consistent associations emerged for relationship distress, which future studies on individual psychopathology should take into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Donald H Baucom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Bauer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Laura S Porter
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Whisman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - Jonathan S Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jennifer S Kirby
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Cristin D Runfola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, USA
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Toohey BG, Quinlan E, Reece J, Wootton BM, Paparo J. A preliminary study of factors associated with accommodation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by romantic partners. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39189587 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The accommodation of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by loved ones is highly prevalent and impactful on treatment outcomes; however, little is known about factors that influence accommodation by romantic partners of OCD sufferers. The aim of this preliminary investigation was to explore such correlates. METHODS A community sample of 50 patients self-identifying with OCD (Mage = 29.3; SD = 9.3; 74% female) and 20 individuals self-identifying as the partner of someone with OCD (Mage = 32.1; SD = 12.4; 65% female) participated in this study via an online questionnaire. RESULTS Associations were found between partner accommodation of OCD and a range of obsessions and compulsions across the patient and partner samples, as well as patient-reported symptom severity, functional impairment and negative emotion states. Neuroticism was also positively associated with partner accommodation in the patient sample but did not contribute to its prediction over and above other known correlates of family accommodation. In the partner sample, extraversion was found to be a unique negative correlate of partner accommodation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the vital role both patient and partner factors play in the accommodation of OCD behaviours by romantic partners and the importance of involving loved ones in the treatment of individuals with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna G Toohey
- Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elly Quinlan
- Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John Reece
- Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bethany M Wootton
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine Paparo
- Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Sevincok D, Ozaydin Y, Ozgur BG, Ozbek MM, Aksu H, Sevincok L. The relationship between parental obsessive-compulsive disorder and children's cognitive disengagement syndrome (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo). Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024:13591045241257019. [PMID: 38807463 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241257019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of parental obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on children is well known, there is a still need to investigate additional psychopathological effects that parental OCD may have on children. To our knowledge, the relationship between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), previously referred to as Sluggish Cognitive Tempo CDS in children and parents' OCD has not been investigated to date. In this study, we examined the relationship between parental OCD and children's CDS, while adjusting for parental anxiety, depression, as well as symptoms of internalization, externalization, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in their children. 50 parents with OCD and 45 healthy parents were assessed through Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The children were applied Child Behavior Checklist, Children ADD/ADHD DSM-IV Based Diagnostic Screening, and Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS). BCAS showed significant correlations with BAI (r = 0.280, p = .049), child ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (r = 0.407, p = .003), and ADHD-inattention (r = 0.628, p < .001). The severity of ADHD-inattention (β = 0.618, p = .001) and parental OCD (β = 0.275, p = .016) were significant predictors of CDS severity in the children. Our findings may suggest a significant association between the severity of CDS and ADHD-inattention in children and parental OCD, even after controlling for parental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Sevincok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balikli Rum Hospital, Turkey
| | - Yigit Ozaydin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Borte Gurbuz Ozgur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Aksu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Levent Sevincok
- Department of Psychiatry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
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MISIRLI M, KARADAYI KAYNAK G. Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1204303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions and negatively affects the functionality of individuals. OCD symptoms with romantic relationship content have been investigated in the literature for the last 10 years. OCD symptoms with romantic relationship content are divided into two types: relationship-centered and partner-focused. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between OCD symptoms with romantic relationship content and individual and relational variables. Studies in the literature were reviewed in detail in order to evaluate the results regarding the relationship between OCD symptoms in romantic relationships and individual and relational factors. In the national and international literature, no systematic review study on this subject was found. Accordingly, studies published between 2012 and 2022 in internationally accepted electronic databases using the terms "relationship obsessive compulsive disorder", "relationship centered obsessive compulsive symptoms" and "partner focused obsessive compulsive symptoms" were reviewed. As a result of the search, according to the inclusion criteria, 12 empirical studies on the relationship between OCD in romantic relationships and individual and relational variables with full-text access and written in English were analyzed. The methodological characteristics and results of the 12 included studies are presented in this systematic review study. The results of the studies suggest that symptoms related to romantic relationships negatively affect the functioning of individuals similar to OCD. When the variables associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in romantic relationships are analyzed in individual and relational context, they are related to many factors such as psychopathologies, attachment styles, self and relationship satisfaction. In this context, there is a need for empirical studies carried out with clinical samples, exploring the effectiveness of psychotherapy and cross-cultural studies on obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to romantic relationships.
Keywords:
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5
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Landolt SA, Weitkamp K, Roth M, Sisson NM, Bodenmann G. Dyadic coping and mental health in couples: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 106:102344. [PMID: 37866090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, one out of three people suffer from a mental health issue during their lifetime. In romantic relationships, impaired mental health does not only affect the individual but also their partner and therefore needs to be coped with dyadically. In this systematic review, we summarize research examining dyadic coping (DC) in the context of mental health and individual and relational outcomes. We searched for peer-reviewed articles published between January 1990 and April 2023 on PsycInfo, Medline, and PSYNDEX on DC and mental health within romantic relationships. A total of 60 qualitative, quantitative, and intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 16,394 individuals and 4,945 dyads. To synthesize the studies, we used a narrative synthesis approach. Overall, stress expression and positive DC yielded beneficial individual and relational outcomes, whereas, for negative DC, the opposite was true. Results differed between mental health clusters and context played an important role (e.g., symptom severity, life phase). Due to the great diversity of studies and variables, further research should focus on understudied mental health clusters (e.g., anxiety disorders). Clinicians are advised to view mental health issues as a dyadic rather than an individual phenomenon ("we-disease") and develop tailored couple-centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie M Sisson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Quand aider devient nuire : une compréhension des implications de l’accommodation familiale sur l’efficacité des interventions psychologiques dans le TOC. ANNALES MÉDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, REVUE PSYCHIATRIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Chambless DL, Allred KM, Nakash O, Porter E, Schwartz RA, Brier MJ. Race Matters in Assessment of Familial Criticism. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Two findings in the Expressed Emotion (EE) literature fail to hold for Black psychiatric patients: EE (predominantly criticism) fails to predict treatment outcome, and measures of EE fail to correlate with patients' perceptions of relatives' criticism. To understand these findings, we tested whether non-Black coders of observable criticism (a) rate Black relatives higher in criticism than White relatives, or (b) are generally less accurate when rating Black relatives. Method: Familial dyads [31 Black; 87 White] participated in video recorded problem-solving interactions. Each interaction was reliably coded for observed criticism by two-four non-Black coders; participants rated perceived criticism (the criterion measure) post-interaction. Results: Coders were less accurate in rating criticism from Black than White relatives. Discussion: These data suggest patients' ratings of perceived criticism might be the measure of choice for identification of Black families who should be engaged in the treatment process to help reduce criticism-associated treatment failure
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly M. Allred
- University of Pennsylvania
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eliora Porter
- University of Pennsylvania
- Mindfulness and Change Group, Watertown, MA
| | - Rachel A. Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania
- Center for Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Moriah J. Brier
- University of Pennsylvania
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
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8
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Reuman L, Abramowitz JS. GIV CARE: A Group Intervention to Reduce Accommodation Among Relatives of Individuals With Fear-Based Disorders. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021; 28:336-349. [PMID: 34690481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fear-based disorders (FBDs) occur in an interpersonal context as relatives (e.g., partners, parents) often accommodate symptoms. Symptom accommodation, which is ubiquitous and reinforces FBD behavior, is associated with increased FBD symptom severity and interferes with treatment. Accordingly, reducing accommodation represents a crucial aim for intervention. We describe a brief, manualized group intervention to decrease symptom accommodation and caregiver burden among cohabitating relatives of individuals with FBDs. The intervention is the first to date that (a) jointly includes parents and partners to target symptom accommodation, and (b) uses a transdiagnostic group treatment approach. We also provide preliminary empirical support for this group-based intervention among adult relatives (N = 20) that participated in the five weekly intervention sessions and completed assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU). Preliminary results suggest that the group intervention is feasible and acceptable. Completers (n = 18) exhibited significant reductions in symptom accommodation and self-reported burden between baseline and 1MFU. The discussion identifies study limitations and future directions.
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9
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Stewart KE, Sumantry D, Malivoire BL. Family and Couple Integrated Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Adults with OCD: A Meta-Analysis. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2021; 19:477-489. [PMID: 35747300 PMCID: PMC9063581 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - David Sumantry
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bailee L Malivoire
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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10
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Fredman SJ, Le Y, Macdonald A, Monson CM, Rhoades GK, Dondanville KA, Blount TH, Hall-Clark BN, Fina BA, Mintz J, Litz BT, Young-McCaughan S, Jenkins AIC, Yarvis JS, Keane TM, Peterson AL. A Closer Examination of Relational Outcomes from a Pilot Study of Abbreviated, Intensive, Multi-Couple Group Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with Military Dyads. FAMILY PROCESS 2021; 60:712-726. [PMID: 33876831 PMCID: PMC10760895 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (CBCT for PTSD) is associated with improvements in patients' PTSD symptoms, partners' psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. However, little is known about whether CBCT for PTSD is associated with changes in other relationship domains that have theoretical and clinical relevance to the relational context of PTSD. The current study is a secondary analysis of relational outcomes from an uncontrolled, within-group trial designed to examine whether an abbreviated, intensive, multi-couple group version of CBCT for PTSD (AIM-CBCT for PTSD) delivered in a retreat during a single weekend was associated with improvements in PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction. In this investigation, we examined whether AIM-CBCT for PTSD is also associated with improvements in ineffective arguing, supportive dyadic coping by partner, joint dyadic coping, and partners' accommodation of patients' PTSD symptoms. Participants were 24 couples who included a post-9/11 U.S. service member or veteran with PTSD. At 1- and 3-month follow-up, patients reported significant reductions in couples' ineffective arguing (ds = -.71 and -.78, respectively) and increases in supportive dyadic coping by partners relative to baseline (ds = .50 and .44, respectively). By 3-month follow-up, patients also reported significant increases in couples' joint dyadic coping (d = .57), and partners reported significant reductions in their accommodation of patients' PTSD symptoms (d = -.44). Findings suggest that AIM-CBCT for PTSD is associated with improvements in multiple relationship domains beyond relationship satisfaction but that these may be differentially salient for patients and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffany J. Fredman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Yunying Le
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Alexandra Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Candice M. Monson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katherine A. Dondanville
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Tabatha H. Blount
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brittany N. Hall-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brooke A. Fina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jim Mintz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brett T. Litz
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey Young-McCaughan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - August I. C. Jenkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jeffrey S. Yarvis
- Department of Behavioral Health, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Killeen, TX
| | - Terence M. Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Alan L. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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11
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Allen E, Renshaw K, Fredman SJ, Le Y, Rhoades G, Markman H, Litz B. Associations Between Service Members' Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Partner Accommodation Over Time. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:596-606. [PMID: 33372361 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When service members manifest symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), intimate partners may engage in behaviors to accommodate their partners' experiences (e.g., helping service members avoid situations that could make them uncomfortable, not expressing own thoughts and feelings to minimize PTSD-related conflict), which may inadvertently serve to maintain or increase PTSD symptoms over time. In a sample of 274 male service member/female civilian couples, we evaluated hypothesized bidirectional pathways between self-reported service member PTSD symptoms and partner accommodation, assessed four times over an approximately 18-month period. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model disaggregating between and within effects revealed that, on average, couples in which the service member had higher levels of total PTSD symptoms also scored higher in partner accommodation, between-couple correlation, r = .40. In addition, at time points when service members' PTSD symptoms were higher relative to their own average symptom level, their partners' level of accommodation was also higher than their personal average, within-couple correlation r = .22. Longitudinally, service member PTSD symptom scores higher than their personal average predicted subsequent increases in partner accommodation, β = .19, but not vice versa, β = .03. Overall, the findings indicate both stable and time-specific significant associations between service member PTSD symptoms and partner accommodation and suggest that higher levels of PTSD symptoms are a significant driver of later increases in partner accommodation. These findings add further support for treating PTSD in an interpersonal context to address the disorder and concomitant relational processes that can adversely impact individual and relational well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith Renshaw
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Steffany J Fredman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yunying Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Galena Rhoades
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Howard Markman
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brett Litz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological and Brain Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Reuman L, Thompson-Hollands J, Abramowitz JS. Better Together: A Review and Recommendations to Optimize Research on Family Involvement in CBT for Anxiety and Related Disorders. Behav Ther 2021; 52:594-606. [PMID: 33990236 PMCID: PMC8124087 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and related disorders (ARDs) occur in an interpersonal context. Individuals with ARDs respond well to individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); however, there is room for improvement. As such, family members may be included to "enhance" treatment outcomes, yet findings from studies examining family involvement in CBT for ARDs are equivocal. The present paper (a) identifies methodological considerations for explaining inconsistent outcomes among CBT for ARDs with family involvement, and (b) reviews factors that affect outcomes of CBT for ARDs with family involvement including levels of involvement in treatment (e.g., number, duration, and spacing of sessions) and characteristics of who is involved in treatment (e.g., family member cognitions and cultural factors). Limitations of the literature and recommendations for future research are discussed. Researchers should focus on conducting studies that can test not whether but for whom and how family involvement can contribute to improved outcomes above and beyond individual CBT for ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Reuman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Boston University School of Medicine; National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System.
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13
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Tibi L, Asher S, van Oppen P, van Balkom AJLM, Eikelenboom M, Visser HA, Penninx BW, Anholt GE. The correlates of social phobia in OCD: Findings from a large clinical sample. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:312-332. [PMID: 33870535 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, often complicated with comorbidities. Social phobia (SP) is the most frequent co-occurring anxiety disorder in OCD, associated with increased clinical severity. However, no study had examined the relevance of interpersonal processes in this comorbidity, which are at the core of SP. This study characterized the clinical (i.e., symptom profile, age of onset, chronicity, and comorbidity), vulnerability (i.e., childhood trauma, negative life events), and interpersonal (attachment style, expressed emotion, and social support) correlates of comorbid SP in a large sample of OCD patients. METHODS We analysed the data of 382 OCD patients participating in the Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study. We examined the correlates of SP in OCD using self-report questionnaires and structured clinical interviews. In addition, data of 312 non-OCD SP patients were drawn from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), to compare the age of onset of SP between groups. Descriptive univariate analyses were followed by backward stepwise logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Social phobia was present among approximately 20% of OCD patients. Social phobia in OCD was associated with increased depression severity and decreased ratings of secure attachment style. Among OCD patients, SP had a significantly earlier age onset as compared to SP in non-OCD patients. CONCLUSION Social phobia in OCD might render a vulnerable clinical picture, characterized with early onset of SP symptoms, insecure attachment style, and increased depressive symptoms. Future studies should use prospective designs to better understand the nature of comorbid SP in OCD. PRACTITIONER POINTS Approximately one fifth of OCD patients were diagnosed with comorbid social phobia in a large representative clinical sample. OCD patients with comorbid social phobia presented with a vulnerable clinical picture, characterized with increased depression severity and decreased ratings of secure attachment style. Social phobia in OCD was associated with an earlier AOO as compared to the AOO of social phobia without OCD. The findings are limited by a cross-sectional design; thus, causality could not be assessed. Research is needed to further examine the mechanisms of comorbid social phobia in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Tibi
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sapir Asher
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute and GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute and GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, the Netherlands
| | - Merijn Eikelenboom
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute and GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, the Netherlands
| | - Henny A Visser
- Innova Research Centre, Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal, Ermelo, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute and GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, the Netherlands
| | - Gideon E Anholt
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Heidari T, Mousavi SM, Mousavinasab SN, AzimiLolaty H. Effect of Family and Patient Centered Empowerment Program on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Caregivers' Burden. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2021; 25:482-489. [PMID: 33747837 PMCID: PMC7968591 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_161_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Considering the importance of family participation in patients' treatment and the positive effects of simultaneous patient and family education, this study was conducted to determine the effect of a family and patient-oriented empowerment program on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and their caregivers' burden. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 OCD patients along with their primary caregivers. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of training, each lasting from 60 to 90 min (twice a week), and the control group received the usual treatment. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Maudsley's Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, and Zarit's Burden Inventory were used to collect the data before, immediately after and 1 month after the intervention, and then the gathered data were analyzed with t-test and analysis of variance using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21. Results: The changes in the mean scores of depression (F2,48= 21.02, p < 0.001), anxiety (F2,48= 29.72, p < 0.001), and stress (F2,48= 16.52, p < 0.001) of the patients in the intervention group showed significant decrease over time; however, in the control group, there was no significant decrease in the mean scores of depression (F2,48= 1.69, p = 0.19), anxiety (F2,48= 0.47, p = 0.62), and stress (F2,48= 1.09, p = 0.34) over time. The changes in the caregiver's burden score in both groups indicated a significant decrease over time in the intervention group (F2,48= 24.70, p < 0.001) and the control group (F2,48= 33. 30, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that concurrently training the patients and caregivers could reduce the negative emotions of the patients and their caregivers' burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamideh AzimiLolaty
- Associate Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Malivoire BL, Mutschler C, Monson CM. Interpersonal dysfunction and treatment outcome in GAD: A systematic review. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 76:102310. [PMID: 33002755 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal dysfunction is posited to maintain worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It has been suggested that the low remission rates in psychotherapy for GAD may be attributable, in part, to inadequately addressing interpersonal dysfunction. This paper systematically reviewed the literature examining the moderating role of interpersonal dysfunction on GAD psychotherapy outcomes and change in interpersonal dysfunction over the course of GAD treatment. Thirteen studies were identified, seven of which examined the relationship between interpersonal dysfunction or distress and treatment outcome and nine investigated change in interpersonal dysfunction over the course of psychotherapy. The majority of studies indicated that interpersonal dysfunction improves following psychotherapy. However, there is preliminary evidence that not all subscales of interpersonal dysfunction improve, including subscales relevant to GAD pathology such as overly-nurturant dysfunction. Further, greater interpersonal dysfunction predicted worse treatment outcomes. As such, interpersonal dysfunction may hinder treatment success and further research is needed to delineate for whom additional or integrated interpersonal interventions may be needed. Approaches to target interpersonal dysfunction in GAD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee L Malivoire
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Christina Mutschler
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Candice M Monson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Stewart KE, Sumantry D, Malivoire BL. Family and couple integrated cognitive-behavioural therapy for adults with OCD: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:159-168. [PMID: 32828003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating family into the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is standard in pediatric populations; however, in adult populations, patients are typically treated independent of their family. Yet, there is compelling evidence to suggest that family members exacerbate OCD symptoms, and thus there is a strong rationale for integrating family members into the treatment of adult OCD. The present meta-analysis examined whether family treatment is effective for OCD in adult populations as well as moderators of treatment outcome. METHODS Fifteen studies were reviewed (16 independent samples). RESULTS Family treatment for adult OCD was found to improve patient OCD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and functional impairment. There was also improvement in patient and family-reported general relationship satisfaction, antagonism, accommodation, and family member's mental health. Individual treatment format and targeting family accommodation were especially beneficial for improving patient depression. Family members reported greater relational improvements than patients. Fewer patient treatment sessions were associated with greater improvement in antagonism, as was female gender. Fewer sessions for family members was associated with greater improvement in family member mental health. FIT outperformed controls with individual ERP on reduction of OCD and depression symptoms, accommodation, and improvement in functional impairment. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the present review include a relatively small sample size, lenient study inclusion criteria, and the subjectivity of some moderator categories. CONCLUSIONS Family-integrated treatment appears to be effective for adult OCD, related symptoms, and relationship factors. There is preliminary support that family-integrated treatments lead to better outcomes than individual treatment. Clinical recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - David Sumantry
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bailee L Malivoire
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Pozza A, Veale D, Marazziti D, Delgadillo J, Albert U, Grassi G, Prestia D, Dèttore D. Sexual dysfunction and satisfaction in obsessive compulsive disorder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2020; 9:8. [PMID: 31918750 PMCID: PMC6953228 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition recognized as one of the most serious causes of disability and impaired quality of life. In the literature, there is no review about sexual dysfunction and satisfaction in OCD. The current paper presents the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize data (1) comparing the presence of sexual dysfunction between groups with OCD and non-clinical groups, (2) investigating prevalence of each one of the sexual dysfunctions in patients with OCD, (3) comparing risk for sexual dysfunction in OCD groups with the prevalence in control groups, (4) comparing sexual satisfaction between OCD groups and non-clinical groups, and (5) investigating moderators of sexual dysfunction in OCD groups as compared with control groups. Gender, age, marital status, OCD symptom severity and subtypes, comorbid depressive disorders, comorbid anxiety disorders, concurrent psychiatric medications, comorbid general medical disease, and study quality will be investigated as moderators. METHODS The protocol is reported according to PRISMA-P guidelines. The search will be conducted by independent reviewers during the second week of December 2019 by using electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library), by contacting the authors of the included studies to identify further data, by examining the references of the included studies, and by handsearching conference proceedings and theses/doctoral dissertations. The study quality will be independently evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Random-effect meta-analyses will be computed. If there is insufficient data for a specific outcome, only a systematic review will be performed. DISCUSSION This review may support clinical practice highlighting the importance of the assessment of sexuality in patients with OCD and suggesting the use of therapeutic strategies dedicated to sexuality in this clinical population with the aim of improving patients' quality of life. Potential limitations will regard the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of the instruments used to assess sexual dysfunction/satisfaction and of the definitions used to conceptualize sexual dysfunction. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Prospero CRD42019132264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jaime Delgadillo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Davide Prestia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Opthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa IRCCS San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Dèttore
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Tibi L, van Oppen P, van Balkom AJLM, Eikelenboom M, Emmelkamp PMG, Anholt GE. Predictors of treatment outcome in OCD: An interpersonal perspective. J Anxiety Disord 2019; 68:102153. [PMID: 31704634 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although effective treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are increasingly available, a considerable percentage of patients fails to respond or relapses. Predictors associated with improved outcome of OCD were identified. However, information on interpersonal determinants is lacking. This study investigated the contribution of attachment style and expressed emotion to the outcome of exposure and response prevention (ERP), while accounting for previously documented intrapersonal (i.e., symptom severity and personality pathology) predictors. Using logistic regression analyses and multi-level modeling, we examined predictors of treatment completion and outcome among 118 adult OCD patients who entered ERP. We assessed outcome at post treatment, and at four and 13 months from treatment completion. OCD baseline severity and fearful attachment style emerged as the main moderators of treatment outcome. Severe and fearfully attached patients were more likely to dropout prematurely. The improvement of fearful clients was attenuated throughout treatment and follow-up compared to non-fearful clients. However, their symptom worsening at the long-term was also mitigated. Severe OCD patients had a more rapid symptom reduction during treatment and at follow-up, compared to less severe clients. The findings suggest that both baseline OCD severity and fearful attachment style play a role in the long-term outcome of ERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Tibi
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merijn Eikelenboom
- Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M G Emmelkamp
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gideon E Anholt
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Ditzen B, Eckstein M, Fischer M, Aguilar-Raab C. Partnerschaft und Gesundheit. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-019-00379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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What do you really need? Self- and partner-reported intervention preferences within cognitive behavioural therapy for reassurance seeking behaviour. Behav Cogn Psychother 2019; 48:25-37. [DOI: 10.1017/s135246581900050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Reassurance seeking (RS) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is commonly addressed in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) using a technique called reducing accommodation. Reducing accommodation is a behaviourally based CBT intervention that may be effective; however, there is a lack of controlled research on its use and acceptability to clients/patients, and case studies suggest that it can be associated with negative emotional/behavioural consequences. Providing support to encourage coping with distress is a cognitively based CBT intervention that may be an effective alternative, but lacks evidence regarding its acceptability.Aims:This study aimed to determine whether support provision may be a more acceptable/endorsed CBT intervention for RS than a strict reducing accommodation approach.Method:Participants and familiar partners (N = 179) read vignette descriptions of accommodation reduction and support interventions, and responded to measures of perceived intervention acceptability/adhereability and endorsement, before completing a forced-choice preference task.Results:Overall, findings suggested that participants and partners gave significantly higher ratings for the support than the accommodation reduction intervention (partial η2 = .049 to .321). Participants and partners also both selected the support intervention more often than the traditional reducing accommodation intervention when given the choice.Conclusions:Support provision is perceived as an acceptable CBT intervention for RS by participants and their familiar partners. These results have implications for cognitive behavioural theory and practice related to RS.
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How Do I Say This? An Experimental Comparison of the Effects of Partner Feedback Styles on Reassurance Seeking Behaviour. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Is Reassurance Seeking Specific to OCD? Adaptation Study of the Turkish Version of Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. Behav Cogn Psychother 2018; 47:363-385. [PMID: 30132422 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465818000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reassurance seeking in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a kind of neutralization behaviour that causes considerable interpersonal conflicts. AIMS The purpose of this study was to conduct the adaptation of the Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire (ReSQ; Kobori and Salkovskis, 2013) into the Turkish language, and to examine its psychometric properties. Moreover, we aimed to identify the specificity of reassurance seeking to OCD, as opposed to other anxiety disorders and depression. METHOD Five groups of participants (OCD, anxiety disorders, depression, healthy control groups, and a university student sample) were administered ReSQ, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised Form, State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Guilt Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form. RESULTS The findings revealed acceptable test-retest and internal consistency coefficients, and also good construct, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity information for the Turkish version of the ReSQ scales. Results also revealed some aspects of reassurance seeking specific to OCD as opposed to other anxiety disorders and depression. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated a good reliability and validity information for the Turkish version of the ReSQ, supporting the cross-cultural nature of the scale.
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Baucom DH, Fischer MS, Worrell M, Corrie S, Belus JM, Molyva E, Boeding SE. Couple-based Intervention for Depression: An Effectiveness Study in the National Health Service in England. FAMILY PROCESS 2018; 57:275-292. [PMID: 29205325 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study represents an effectiveness study and service evaluation of a cognitive behavioral, couple-based treatment for depression (BCT-D) provided in London services that are part of the "Improving Access to Psychological Therapies" (IAPT) program in England. Twenty-three therapists in community clinics were trained in BCT-D during a 5-day workshop, followed by monthly group supervision for 1 year. The BCT-D treatment outcome findings are based on 63 couples in which at least one partner was depressed and elected to receive BCT-D. Eighty-five percent of couples also demonstrated relationship distress, and 49% of the nonclient partners also met caseness for depression or anxiety. Findings demonstrated a recovery rate of 57% with BCT-D, compared to 41% for all IAPT treatments for depression in London. Nonclient partners who met caseness demonstrated a 48% recovery rate with BCT-D, although they were not the focus of treatment. BCT-D was equally effective for clients regardless of the clinical status of the nonclient partner, suggesting its effectiveness in assisting both members of the couple simultaneously. Likewise, treatment was equally effective whether or not both partners reported relationship distress. The findings are promising regarding the successful application of BCT-D in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Baucom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Melanie S Fischer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Worrell
- Central & North West London Foundation and Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Corrie
- Central & North West London Foundation and Trust, London, UK
| | - Jennifer M Belus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Efthymia Molyva
- Central & North West London Foundation and Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara E Boeding
- Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Clinic, Durham, NC; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Abramowitz JS, Blakey SM, Reuman L, Buchholz JL. New Directions in the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of OCD: Theory, Research, and Practice. Behav Ther 2018; 49:311-322. [PMID: 29704962 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of cognitive-behavioral interventions (particularly exposure and response prevention) for OCD are among the most consistent research findings in the mental health literature. Nevertheless, even after an adequate trial, many individuals experience residual symptoms, and others never receive adequate treatment due to limited access. These and other issues have prompted clinicians and researchers to search for ways to improve the conceptual and practical aspects of existing treatment approaches, as well as look for augmentation strategies. In the present article, we review a number of recent developments and new directions in the psychological treatment of OCD, including (a) the application of inhibitory learning approaches to exposure therapy, (b) the development of acceptance-based approaches, (c) involvement of caregivers (partners and parents) in treatment, (d) pharmacological cognitive enhancement of exposure therapy, and (e) the use of technology to disseminate effective treatment. We focus on both the conceptual/scientific and practical aspects of these topics so that clinicians and researchers alike can assess their relative merits and disadvantages.
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25
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Palardy V, El-Baalbaki G, Fredette C, Rizkallah E, Guay S. Social Support and Symptom Severity Among Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: A Systematic Review. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 14:254-286. [PMID: 29899808 PMCID: PMC5973527 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by major behavioral dysruptions that may affect patients’ social and marital functioning. The disorders’ impact on interpersonal relationships may also affect the quality of support patients receive from their social network. The main goal of this systematic review is to determine the association between social or marital support and symptom severity among adults with PD/A or OCD. A systematic search of databases was executed and provided 35 eligible articles. Results from OCD studies indicated a negative association between marital adjustment and symptom severity, and a positive association between accommodation from relatives and symptom severity. However, results were inconclusive for negative forms of social support (e.g. criticism, hostility). Results from PD/A studies indicated a negative association between perceived social support and symptom severity. Also, results from studies using an observational measure of marital adjustment indicated a negative association between quality of support from the spouse and PD/A severity. However, results were inconclusive for perceived marital adjustment and symptom severity. In conclusion, this systematic review generally suggests a major role of social and marital support in PD/A and OCD symptomatology. However, given diversity of results and methods used in studies, more are needed to clarify the links between support and symptom severity among patients with PD/A and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Palardy
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ghassan El-Baalbaki
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Fredette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elias Rizkallah
- Department of Sociology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Cano A, Corley AM, Clark SM, Martinez SC. A Couple-Based Psychological Treatment for Chronic Pain and Relationship Distress. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2018; 25:119-134. [PMID: 29497271 PMCID: PMC5826564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain impacts individuals with pain as well as their loved ones. Yet, there has been little attention to the social context in individual psychological treatment approaches to chronic pain management. With this need in mind, we developed a couple-based treatment, "Mindful Living and Relating," aimed at alleviating pain and suffering by promoting couples' psychological and relational flexibility skills. Currently, there is no integrative treatment that fully harnesses the power of the couple, treating both the individual with chronic pain and the spouse as two individuals who are each in need of developing greater psychological and relational flexibility to improve their own and their partners' health. Mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based action exercises were used to promote psychological flexibility. The intervention also targets relational flexibility, which we define as the ability to interact with one's partner, fully attending to the present moment, and responding empathically in a way that serves one's own and one's partner's values. To this end, the intervention also included exercises aimed at applying psychological flexibility skills to social interactions as well as emotional disclosure and empathic responding exercises to enhance relational flexibility. The case presented demonstrates that healthy coping with pain and stress may be most successful and sustainable when one is involved in a supportive relationship with someone who also practices psychological flexibility skills and when both partners use relational flexibility skills during their interactions.
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27
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Baruah U, Pandian RD, Narayanaswamy JC, Bada Math S, Kandavel T, Reddy YCJ. A randomized controlled study of brief family-based intervention in obsessive compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:137-146. [PMID: 28829958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is therapist-intensive and prolonged making it less accessible to patients, particularly in resource-constrained situations. We examined the efficacy of a brief psychotherapeutic intervention as an adjunct to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in OCD. METHOD We randomized 64 adult OCD patients stabilized on SRIs to either the 6-session brief family-based intervention (BFBI; n = 30) that included psychoeducation, exposure and response prevention and family intervention or to a control arm of relaxation exercises (RE). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 1- and 3- months post-intervention. Primary outcome measure was response to treatment defined as ≥ 35% reduction in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score relative to baseline score plus a Clinical Global Impression- Improvement rating of very much improved or much improved. Family accommodation and expressed emotions were also assessed. RESULTS At 3- month follow-up, the BFBI group responded better than the RE group (53% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Illness severity, family accommodation and expressed emotion declined significantly over time in the BFBI group compared to the RE group. The BFBI (OR = 13.17, p < 0.001) and baseline illness severity (OR = 0.746, p < 0.011) predicted treatment response. LIMITATIONS Sample size was small and follow-up duration was short. Control group had less time with the therapist although number of sessions was identical in both the groups. CONCLUSION Briefer intervention is effective in treating OCD. Briefer and inclusive format of intervention has important implications for clinical practice in resource-constrained circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Baruah
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - R Dhanasekara Pandian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Bada Math
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thennarasu Kandavel
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Baucom DH, Kirby JS, Fischer MS, Baucom BR, Hamer R, Bulik CM. Findings from a couple-based open trial for adult anorexia nervosa. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2017; 31:584-591. [PMID: 28318287 PMCID: PMC5555805 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult anorexia nervosa (AN) often is persistent, significantly erodes quality of life for both the patient and loved ones, and carries high medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Whereas individual psychotherapy for adult AN leads to improvement in some patients, recent findings indicate that the magnitude of improvement is limited: Only a small percentage of individuals fully recover and dropout rates are high. Thus, it is important to build upon current interventions to improve treatment response. We present results from an open trial of a couple-based intervention for adult anorexia nervosa as an adjunct treatment to standard multidisciplinary care. Twenty couples received treatment over approximately 26 weeks, including a couple-based intervention, individual CBT sessions, psychiatry visits for medication management, and nutritional counseling sessions. The results indicate that patients improved at posttest and 3-month follow-up on a variety of AN-related measures, anxiety and depression, and relationship adjustment. Partners also improved on anxiety, depression, and relationship adjustment. In an exploratory analysis, the multicomponent couple treatment intervention was benchmarked to well-conducted randomized controlled trials of individual therapy for AN; the couple intervention seems to compare favorably on AN-related measures and was associated with a lower dropout rate. In spite of methodological limitations, the findings suggest that including partners in the treatment of adult AN holds potential for bolstering treatment outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Fradkin C. Janina Scarlet: Superhero Therapy: A Hero’s Journey Through Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. J Youth Adolesc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Halldorsson B, Salkovskis PM. Why Do People with OCD and Health Anxiety Seek Reassurance Excessively? An Investigation of Differences and Similarities in Function. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017; 41:619-631. [PMID: 28751797 PMCID: PMC5504131 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) is commonly reported in patients who have OCD or health anxiety. Despite its prevalence and associated risk of ongoing difficulties, little is known about the function of ERS. It has been conceptualised as a type of compulsive checking behaviour, but could also be seen as being a supportive maneuver. This study offers a new approach towards defining ERS and support seeking (SS), and similarities between these two constructs in a sample of OCD and health anxious patients. A semi-structured interview was employed. Participants reflected on the nature and goals of their reassurance and support seeking-its impact on themselves and other people. Twenty interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed in accordance to framework thematic analysis. Six overarching themes were identified in terms of ERS and five for SS. Results revealed limited diagnosis specificity of ERS. Strikingly, participants with health anxiety did not report seeking support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynjar Halldorsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Gomes JB, Cordioli AV, Bortoncello CF, Braga DT, Gonçalves F, Heldt E. Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:70-76. [PMID: 27664548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) with the brief involvement of family members on family accommodation and to identify predictors of family accommodation reduction (patient and family member characteristics). This randomized clinical trial assessed 98 pairs of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their family members: 52 (53.1%) were allocated to the intervention group (12 CBGT sessions - two with the family member), and 46 (46.9%) to a waiting list (control group). Symptom severity and family accommodation were assessed before and after CBGT. There was significant improvement of OCD symptoms and family accommodation scores after CBGT in the intervention group vs. the control group. The following variables were significant predictors of family accommodation reduction after multivariate analysis: patient characteristics - absence of comorbid unipolar disorder, lower obsession score, and higher education level; family member characteristics - higher hoarding score. The model explained 47.2% of the variance in family accommodation scores after treatment. CBGT for patients with OCD and the brief involvement of family members contributed to reduce family accommodation. Both patient and family member characteristics were predictors of family accommodation reduction. This finding can help qualify CBGT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Braga Gomes
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Aristides Volpato Cordioli
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flôres Bortoncello
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tusi Braga
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francine Gonçalves
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizeth Heldt
- Program of Anxiety Disorders, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Fischer MS, Baucom DH, Cohen MJ. Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapies: Review of the Evidence for the Treatment of Relationship Distress, Psychopathology, and Chronic Health Conditions. FAMILY PROCESS 2016; 55:423-42. [PMID: 27226429 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) is an approach to assisting couples that has strong empirical support for alleviating relationship distress. This paper provides a review of the empirical status of CBCT along with behavioral couple therapy (BCT), as well as the evidence for recent applications of CBCT principles to couple-based interventions for individual psychopathology and medical conditions. Several meta-analyses and major reviews have confirmed the efficacy of BCT and CBCT across trials in the United States, Europe, and Australia, and there is little evidence to support differential effectiveness of various forms of couple therapy derived from behavioral principles. A much smaller number of effectiveness studies have shown that successful implementation in community settings is possible, although effect sizes tend to be somewhat lower than those evidenced in randomized controlled trials. Adapted for individual problems, cognitive-behavioral couple-based interventions appear to be at least as effective as individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) across a variety of psychological disorders, and often more effective, especially when partners are substantially involved in treatment. In addition, couple-based interventions tend to have the unique added benefit of improving relationship functioning. Findings on couple-based interventions for medical conditions are more varied and more complex to interpret given the greater range of target outcomes (psychological, relational, and medical variables).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Fischer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Donald H Baucom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew J Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Lebowitz ER, Panza KE, Bloch MH. Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders: a five-year update. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 16:45-53. [PMID: 26613396 PMCID: PMC4895189 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1126181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Family accommodation describes changes that individuals make to their behavior, to help their relative who is dealing with a psychiatric and/or psychological disorder(s), avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder. Research on family accommodation has advanced rapidly. In this update we aim to provide a synthesis of findings from the past five years. A search of available, peer-reviewed, English language papers was conducted through PubMed and PsycINFO, cross referencing psychiatric disorders with accommodation and other family-related terms. The resulting 121 papers were individually reviewed and evaluated and the main findings were discussed. Family accommodation is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in anxiety disorders, and manifests similarly across these disorders. Family accommodation is associated with more severe psychopathology and poorer clinical outcomes. Treatments have begun to focus on the reduction of family accommodation as a primary therapeutic goal and finally, neurobiological underpinnings of family accommodation are beginning to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R. Lebowitz
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Panza
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Kathmann N. Evidenzbasierte Psychotherapie bei Zwangsstörungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Leitlinien im Bereich der Medizin und Psychotherapie basieren auf systematischen Zusammenstellungen der verfügbaren Evidenz und dienen der Entscheidungshilfe für Praktiker. Für die Zwangsstörung wurde 2013 eine S3-Leitlinie publiziert. Fragestellung und Methode: Hier werden deren wichtigste Empfehlungen zur psychotherapeutischen Behandlung zusammengefasst und verbleibende Forschungslücken bezüglich praxisrelevanter Fragen aufgezeigt. Ergebnisse: Die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) wird als Verfahren der ersten Wahl empfohlen, während für andere, auch sehr verbreitete Verfahren kaum Evidenz vorliegt. Einige wichtige prozedurale Aspekte der KVT sind jedoch nicht genügend untersucht. Schlussfolgerungen: Angesichts der klinischen Bedeutung der Zwangsstörung besteht erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. Es wird auf die Bedeutung von Praxisbewährungsstudien hingewiesen. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie aus aktueller psychologischer und neurobiologischer Grundlagenforschung zur Zwangsstörung, hier ausgeführt am Beispiel der Endophänotypenforschung, innovative Interventionen entwickelt werden können. Diese zielen darauf ab, den Anteil klinisch signifikant gebesserter Patienten zu erhöhen und die Nachhaltigkeit der Besserung zu sichern.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to provide an update on current psychological treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), incorporating exposure and response prevention, remains the non-pharmacological treatment of choice for OCD. Recent developments highlight the importance of family involvement in adult OCD treatment, and the use of alternative 'third-wave' interventions. Internet-delivered CBT may provide an opportunity to overcome barriers to effective treatment, such as distance and lack of trained clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco D Crino
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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Foran HM, Whisman MA, Beach SRH. Intimate partner relationship distress in the DSM-5. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:48-63. [PMID: 25582661 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, a large body of literature has documented intimate partner relationship distress as a primary reason for seeking mental health services as well as an integral factor in the prognosis and treatment of a range of mental and physical health conditions. In recognition of its relevance to clinical care, the description of intimate partner relationship distress has been expanded in the DSM-5. Nonetheless, this is irrelevant if the DSM-5 code for intimate partner relationship distress is not reliably used in clinical practice and research settings. Thus, with the goal of dissemination in mind, the purpose of this paper was to provide clinicians and researchers with specific guidelines on how to reliably assess intimate partner relationship distress and how this information can be used to inform treatment planning. In addition to the implications for direct clinical care, we discuss the importance of reliable assessment and documentation of intimate partner relationship distress for future progress in epidemiology, etiology, and public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Foran
- Institute for Psychology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Belus JM, Baucom DH, Abramowitz JS. The effect of a couple-based treatment for OCD on intimate partners. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2014; 45:484-8. [PMID: 25086352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of a couple-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on the intimate partners of patients. Previous research has shown this intervention to be efficacious in reducing OCD symptoms and comorbidities in patients. METHOD In an open-treatment trial, 16 couples completed the 16-session manualized treatment, and were followed up 6- and 12-months post-treatment. RESULTS Multilevel modeling analyses were conducted to examine change over time, and results indicated that relative to baseline, partners showed improvements in relationship functioning, communication, and criticalness in the short-term, and maintained their gains in communication skills over the long-term. LIMITATIONS The non-controlled design and small sample size limit the certainty of the study's findings. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this investigation offers preliminary evidence that including intimate partners in couple-based CBT for OCD has no negative effects on partners, and in fact, can provide them with residual positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Belus
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Donald H Baucom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Baucom DH, Belus JM, Adelman CB, Fischer MS, Paprocki C. Couple-based interventions for psychopathology: a renewed direction for the field. FAMILY PROCESS 2014; 53:445-461. [PMID: 24773298 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a rationale and empirical support for providing couple-based interventions when one partner in a relationship is experiencing individual psychopathology. Several investigations indicate that relationship distress and psychopathology are associated and reciprocally influence each other, such that the existence of relationship distress predicts the development of subsequent psychopathology and vice versa. Furthermore, findings indicate that for several disorders, individual psychotherapy is less effective if the client is in a distressed relationship. Finally, even within happy relationships, partners often inadvertently behave in ways that maintain or exacerbate symptoms for the other individual. Thus, within both satisfied and distressed relationships, including the partner in a couple-based intervention provides an opportunity to use the partner and the relationship as a resource rather than a stressor for an individual experiencing some form of psychological distress. The authors propose that a promising approach to including the partner in treatment involves (a) integrating intervention principles from empirically supported interventions for individual therapy for specific disorders with (b) knowledge of how to employ relationships to promote individual and dyadic change. Based on this logic, the article includes several examples to demonstrate how couple-based interventions can be focused on a specific type of psychopathology, including encouraging empirical findings for these interventions. The article concludes with recommendations for how clinicians and researchers can adapt their knowledge of couple therapy to assist couples in which one partner is experiencing notable psychological distress or diagnosable psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Baucom
- Psychology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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