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Jakobsson Støre S, Van Zalk N, Granander Schwartz W, Nilsson V, Tillfors M. The Relationship Between Social Anxiety Disorder and ADHD in Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1299-1319. [PMID: 38651640 PMCID: PMC11168018 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241247448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to systematically gather empirical data on the link between social anxiety disorder and ADHD in both clinical and non-clinical populations among adolescents and adults. METHOD Literature searches were conducted in PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, resulting in 1,739 articles. After screening, 41 articles were included. Results were summarized using a narrative approach. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD in adolescents and adults with SAD ranged from 1.1% to 72.3%, while the prevalence of SAD in those with ADHD ranged from 0.04% to 49.5%. Studies indicate that individuals with both SAD and ADHD exhibit greater impairments. All studies were judged to be of weak quality, except for two studies which were rated moderate quality. DISCUSSION Individuals with SAD should be screened for ADHD and vice versa, to identify this common comorbidity earlier. Further research is needed to better understand the prevalence of comorbid ADHD and SAD in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Jakobsson Støre
- Karlstad University, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | | | - Victoria Nilsson
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
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Zhang J, Li X, Tang Z, Xiang S, Tang Y, Hu W, Tan C, Wang X. Effects of stress on sleep quality: multiple mediating effects of rumination and social anxiety. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:10. [PMID: 38498281 PMCID: PMC10948653 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contemporary society, with the accelerated pace of work and life, more and more people feel different degrees of stress. Long-term stress may not only lead to insomnia, but also to mental health problems (e.g., anxiety and depression), which has a significant impact on people's quality of life and mental health. OBJECTIVE This study primarily investigates the mechanism through which stress affects sleep quality among college students. METHODS We conducted research on 1653 Chinese college students using four scales with high reliability and validity: stress, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, social anxiety, and rumination. RESULTS The study found: (1) Stress can significantly and positively predict sleep quality and rumination; (2) Rumination can positively predict social anxiety; (3) Social anxiety can positively predict sleep quality; (4) Stress can affect sleep quality through social anxiety and rumination separately, and stress can also affect sleep quality through the chained mediation of rumination and social anxiety. CONCLUSION This study reveals the relationship and mechanisms between stress and sleep quality. It not only deepens the research on the impact of stress on sleep quality but also provides theoretical support and new methods for mental health professionals to help clients improve their sleep quality. In practice, in addition to using some common psychological intervention methods to help individuals reduce stress, we should pay more attention to how to help clients reduce rumination and social anxiety, This is significant in improving the quality of an individual's sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Sehan University, College of Education, Jeollanam-Do, 1113 Green Road Samho Eup, Yeongam County, 650106, Republic of Korea.
- Zhejiang Tourism College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Sehan University, College of Education, Jeollanam-Do, 1113 Green Road Samho Eup, Yeongam County, 650106, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yin Tang
- Zhejiang Tourism College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245021, China
| | - Chenchen Tan
- Zhejiang Tourism College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Zhejiang Tourism College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Martin R, McKay E, Kirk H. Lowered social motivation is associated with adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and social anxiety symptoms. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:338-352. [PMID: 37995373 PMCID: PMC10748457 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231218475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties in social skills are highly prevalent in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, the reasons for these social difficulties are poorly understood. This study aimed to understand social motivation in children (aged 5-8) and adolescents (aged 13-17) with and without ADHD, and the relationship between social anxiety and social motivation in youth with ADHD. METHOD 204 parents of children and adolescents with and without ADHD completed online questionnaires on social motivation, social anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD had significantly lower social motivation than typically developing adolescents, and children with ADHD. Higher social anxiety significantly predicted lowered social motivation in participants with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a unique pattern of social motivation in ADHD, specifically a reduction during adolescence, reflecting social intervention inefficacy. Additionally, these findings establish a link between social motivation and social anxiety, suggesting that they may act as barriers to social intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Martin
- Rachael Martin, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Hannah Kirk
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Bellamy NA, Salekin RT, Makol BA, Augenstein TM, De Los Reyes A. The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder - Parent (PSCD-P): Convergent Validity, Incremental Validity, and Reactions to Unfamiliar Peer Confederates. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023:10.1007/s10802-023-01056-x. [PMID: 37097378 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Youth who experience psychopathy display multiple impairments across interpersonal (grandiose-manipulative [GM]), affective (callous-unemotional [CU]), lifestyle (daring-impulsive [DI]), and potentially antisocial and behavioral features. Recently, it has been acknowledged that the inclusion of psychopathic features can offer valuable information in relation to the etiology of Conduct Disorder (CD). Yet, prior work largely focuses on the affective component of psychopathy, namely CU. This focus creates uncertainty in the literature on the incremental value of a multicomponent approach to understanding CD-linked domains. Consequently, researchers developed the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD; Salekin & Hare, 2016) as a multicomponent approach to assess GM, CU, and DI features in combination with CD symptoms. The notion of considering the wider set of psychopathic features for CD specification requires testing whether multiple personality dimensions predict domain-relevant criterion outcomes above-and-beyond a CU-based approach. Thus, we tested the psychometric properties of parents' reports on the PSCD (PSCD-P) in a mixed clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents (Mage = 14.49, 66.4% female). Confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a 19-item PSCD-P displaying acceptable reliability estimates and a bifactor solution consisting of GM, CU, DI, and CD factors. Findings supported the incremental validity of scores taken from the PSCD-P across multiple criterion variables, including (a) an established survey measure of parent-adolescent conflict; and (b) trained independent observers' ratings of adolescents' behavioral reactions to laboratory controlled tasks designed to simulate social interactions with unfamiliar peers. These findings have important implications for future research on the PSCD and links to adolescents' interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Bellamy
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Randall T Salekin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Bridget A Makol
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tara M Augenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Charamut NR, Racz SJ, Wang M, De Los Reyes A. Integrating multi-informant reports of youth mental health: A construct validation test of Kraemer and colleagues’ (2003) Satellite Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:911629. [PMID: 35967634 PMCID: PMC9371006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately assessing youth mental health involves obtaining reports from multiple informants who typically display low levels of correspondence. This low correspondence may reflect situational specificity. That is, youth vary as to where they display mental health concerns and informants vary as to where and from what perspective they observe youth. Despite the frequent need to understand and interpret these informant discrepancies, no consensus guidelines exist for integrating informants’ reports. The path to building these guidelines starts with identifying factors that reliably predict the level and form of these informant discrepancies, and do so for theoretically and empirically relevant reasons. Yet, despite the knowledge of situational specificity, few approaches to integrating multi-informant data are well-equipped to account for these factors in measurement, and those that claim to be well-positioned to do so have undergone little empirical scrutiny. One promising approach was developed roughly 20 years ago by Kraemer and colleagues (2003). Their Satellite Model leverages principal components analysis (PCA) and strategic selection of informants to instantiate situational specificity in measurement, namely components reflecting variance attributable to the context in which informants observe behavior (e.g., home/non-home), the perspective from which they observe behavior (e.g., self/other), and behavior that manifests across contexts and perspectives (i.e., trait). The current study represents the first construct validation test of the Satellite Model. A mixed-clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents and their parents completed six parallel surveys of adolescent mental health. Adolescents also participated in a series of simulated social interactions with research personnel trained to act as same-age, unfamiliar peers. A third informant (unfamiliar untrained observer) viewed these interactions and completed the same surveys as parents and adolescents. We applied the Satellite Model to each set of surveys and observed high internal consistency estimates for each of the six-item trait (α = 0.90), context (α = 0.84), and perspective (α = 0.83) components. Scores reflecting the trait, context, and perspective components displayed distinct patterns of relations to a battery of criterion variables that varied in the context, perspective, and source of measurement. The Satellite Model instantiates situational specificity in measurement and facilitates unifying conceptual and measurement models of youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R. Charamut
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sarah J. Racz
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Andres De Los Reyes,
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