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Bellamy NA, Salekin RT, Makol BA, Augenstein TM, De Los Reyes A. The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder - Parent (PSCD-P): Convergent Validity, Incremental Validity, and Reactions to Unfamiliar Peer Confederates. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023:10.1007/s10802-023-01056-x. [PMID: 37097378 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Youth who experience psychopathy display multiple impairments across interpersonal (grandiose-manipulative [GM]), affective (callous-unemotional [CU]), lifestyle (daring-impulsive [DI]), and potentially antisocial and behavioral features. Recently, it has been acknowledged that the inclusion of psychopathic features can offer valuable information in relation to the etiology of Conduct Disorder (CD). Yet, prior work largely focuses on the affective component of psychopathy, namely CU. This focus creates uncertainty in the literature on the incremental value of a multicomponent approach to understanding CD-linked domains. Consequently, researchers developed the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD; Salekin & Hare, 2016) as a multicomponent approach to assess GM, CU, and DI features in combination with CD symptoms. The notion of considering the wider set of psychopathic features for CD specification requires testing whether multiple personality dimensions predict domain-relevant criterion outcomes above-and-beyond a CU-based approach. Thus, we tested the psychometric properties of parents' reports on the PSCD (PSCD-P) in a mixed clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents (Mage = 14.49, 66.4% female). Confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a 19-item PSCD-P displaying acceptable reliability estimates and a bifactor solution consisting of GM, CU, DI, and CD factors. Findings supported the incremental validity of scores taken from the PSCD-P across multiple criterion variables, including (a) an established survey measure of parent-adolescent conflict; and (b) trained independent observers' ratings of adolescents' behavioral reactions to laboratory controlled tasks designed to simulate social interactions with unfamiliar peers. These findings have important implications for future research on the PSCD and links to adolescents' interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Bellamy
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Randall T Salekin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Bridget A Makol
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tara M Augenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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De Los Reyes A, Epkins CC, Asmundson GJG, Augenstein TM, Becker KD, Becker SP, Bonadio FT, Borelli JL, Boyd RC, Bradshaw CP, Burns GL, Casale G, Causadias JM, Cha CB, Chorpita BF, Cohen JR, Comer JS, Crowell SE, Dirks MA, Drabick DAG, DuPaul GJ, Ehrlich KB, Evans SC, Evans SW, Felton JW, Fite PJ, Gadow KD, Galán CA, Garbacz SA, Gaylord-Harden N, Humphreys KL, Gerber AH, Hogue A, Ivanova MY, Jarrett MA, Jensen-Doss A, Kang E, Kendall PC, Laird RD, Langberg JM, Langer DA, Lee SS, Lerner MD, Lippold MA, Luebbe AM, Makol BA, McLeod BD, McMahon RJ, Miller M, Ohannessian CM, Ollendick TH, Piña A, Prinstein MJ, Rabinowitz J, Reynolds EK, Salekin RT, Schleider JL, Scott JC, Tackett JL, Talbott E, Silverman WK, Spears AP, von der Embse N, Wakschlag LS, Wang M, Watts AL, Weisz JR, White BA, White SW, Youngstrom EA. Editorial Statement About JCCAP's 2023 Special Issue on Informant Discrepancies in Youth Mental Health Assessments: Observations, Guidelines, and Future Directions Grounded in 60 Years of Research. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2023; 52:147-158. [PMID: 36652590 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2158842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati
| | | | | | - Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Gino Casale
- Institute for Educational Research, University of Wuppertal
| | | | - Christine B Cha
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Comer
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University
| | | | - Robert D Laird
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama
| | - Joshua M Langberg
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | | | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California
| | | | | | | | | | - Bryce D McLeod
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University.,B.C. Children's Hospital
| | - Meghan Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California
| | | | - Thomas H Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Armando Piña
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith C Scott
- Clinical Department, School of Social Work, Boston University
| | | | | | | | - Angela Page Spears
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University
| | | | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Management, University of Florida
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina.,Helping Give Away Psychological Science
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Webster SM, Peters CJ, Schild LE, DeNault A, Sherman G, Augenstein TM. The first wave of COVID-19: The logistics of off-site pharmacy management for a relocated acute psychiatric unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2022; 79:2090-2093. [PMID: 36082927 PMCID: PMC9494363 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Webster
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cathy J Peters
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine E Schild
- Medicine in Psychiatry Service, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Adam DeNault
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Sherman
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tara M Augenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Augenstein TM, Visser KF, Gallagher K, De Los Reyes A, D'Angelo EJ, Nock MK. Multi-informant reports of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent inpatients. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:99-109. [PMID: 34608660 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, and suicidal thoughts represent key predictors to suicidal behavior. Yet, suicidal thoughts can be challenging to accurately assess. Symptoms that commonly co-occur with suicidal thoughts, such as depressive symptoms, may provide valuable information for predicting these thoughts. Although clinicians commonly collect multi-informant reports about adolescent depressive symptoms, these reports often yield discrepant findings as individual predictors of adolescents' suicidal thoughts. METHOD We tested the ability of specific patterns of multi-informant reports to predict adolescents' suicidal thoughts. Ninety adolescent inpatients and their parents (i.e., "dyads") reported on adolescent depressive symptoms, and adolescents completed self-report assessments of suicidal thoughts at baseline and three-month follow-up. RESULTS Dyads displayed variability in reporting patterns, and these patterns uniquely predicted suicidal thoughts. Adolescents reporting elevated depressive symptoms displayed increased concurrent suicidal thoughts relative to adolescents reporting subthreshold depressive symptoms, regardless of parent report. Yet, only adolescents who reported elevated depressive symptoms and whose parents reported subthreshold adolescent depressive symptoms displayed increased future suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Identifying patterns of multiple informants' reports about adolescent depressive symptoms may improve the prediction of suicidal thoughts. These findings have important implications for assessing adolescents at risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Augenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Katie Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Eugene J D'Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Millner AJ, Augenstein TM, Visser KH, Gallagher K, Vergara GA, D'Angelo EJ, Nock MK. Implicit Cognitions as a Behavioral Marker of Suicide Attempts in Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:47-63. [PMID: 29482489 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1421488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Using self-harm Implicit Association Tests (IATs), we sought to test whether (1) suicidal adolescents show implicit identification with self-harm and whether (2) IATs are reliable and sensitive to psychiatric change and (3) predict future suicide attempts. We administered 6 self-harm IATs to 71 adolescents from a psychiatric inpatient unit and assessed suicidal behaviors at admission, discharge and 3 months after discharge. Results were in the expected direction for each IAT but not statistically significant. After aggregating trials across IATs, suicide attempters showed increased implicit identification with self-harm, compared with non-suicidal controls. IATs showed good reliability and sensitivity to psychiatric change but did not prospectively predict suicide attempts. Adolescent suicide attempters may have stronger implicit associations with self-harm than non-suicidal controls.
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Karp JN, Makol BA, Keeley LM, Qasmieh N, Deros DE, Weeks JW, Racz SJ, Lipton MF, Augenstein TM, De Los Reyes A. Convergent, incremental, and criterion-related validity of multi-informant assessments of adolescents' fears of negative and positive evaluation. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 25:217-230. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N. Karp
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Bridget A. Makol
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Lauren M. Keeley
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Noor Qasmieh
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Danielle E. Deros
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Justin W. Weeks
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine; Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Sarah J. Racz
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Melanie F. Lipton
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Tara M. Augenstein
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland at College Park; College Park Maryland USA
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Augenstein TM, Thomas SA, Ehrlich KB, Daruwala S, Reyes SM, Chrabaszcz JS, De Los Reyes A. Comparing Multi-Informant Assessment Measures of Parental Monitoring and Their Links with Adolescent Delinquent Behavior. Parent Sci Pract 2016; 16:164-186. [PMID: 27482171 PMCID: PMC4963022 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2016.1158600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents' poor monitoring of adolescents' whereabouts and activities is commonly linked to adolescents' increased engagement in delinquent behaviors. Yet, different domains of parental monitoring (parental monitoring behaviors vs. parental knowledge) and reports from multiple informants (parent vs. adolescent) may vary in their links to delinquent behavior. DESIGN Seventy-four parental caregivers and 74 adolescents completed survey measures of parental monitoring and knowledge, and adolescents completed self-report surveys of delinquent behavior. RESULTS We observed low-to-moderate magnitudes of correspondence between parent- and adolescent-reports of parental monitoring behaviors and parental knowledge. Adolescent self-reported delinquent behavior related to parent and adolescent reports of parental monitoring behaviors and parental knowledge, with adolescents who self-reported engagement in delinquent behaviors evidencing lower levels of parental knowledge and higher levels of poor monitoring compared to adolescents who did not self-report engagement in delinquent behaviors. Adolescent self-reported engagement in delinquent behaviors evidenced stronger links to parental monitoring when based on adolescent reports of monitoring (relative to parent reports), whereas stronger links held between adolescent self-reported delinquent behavior and parental knowledge when based on parent reports of knowledge (relative to adolescent reports). CONCLUSIONS Links between monitoring and adolescents' delinquent behavior vary by the kind of monitoring measure completed as well as the informant completing the measure. These findings inform measurement selection in research and clinical assessments of parental monitoring and adolescent delinquent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, Biology/Psychology Building College Park, MD 20742
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8
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Cha CB, Augenstein TM, Frost KH, Gallagher K, D'Angelo EJ, Nock MK. Using Implicit and Explicit Measures to Predict Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescent Inpatients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:62-8. [PMID: 26703911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the use of implicit and explicit measures to predict adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) before, during, and after inpatient hospitalization. METHOD Participants were 123 adolescent psychiatric inpatients who completed measures at hospital admission and discharge. The implicit measure (Self-Injury Implicit Association Test [SI-IAT]) and one of the explicit measures pertained to the NSSI method of cutting. Patients were interviewed at multiple time points at which they reported whether they had engaged in NSSI before their hospital stay, during their hospital stay, and within 3 months after discharge. RESULTS At baseline, SI-IAT scores differentiated past-year self-injurers and noninjurers (t121 = 4.02, p < .001, d = 0.73). These SI-IAT effects were stronger among patients who engaged in cutting (versus noncutting NSSI methods). Controlling for NSSI history and prospective risk factors, SI-IAT scores predicted patients' subsequent cutting behavior during their hospital stay (odds ratio (OR) = 8.19, CI = 1.56-42.98, p < .05). Patients' explicit self-report uniquely predicted hospital-based and postdischarge cutting, even after controlling for SI-IAT scores (ORs = 1.82-2.34, CIs = 1.25-3.87, p values <.01). Exploratory analyses revealed that in specific cases in which patients explicitly reported low likelihood of NSSI, SI-IAT scores still predicted hospital-based cutting. CONCLUSION The SI-IAT is an implicit measure that is outcome-specific, a short-term predictor above and beyond NSSI history, and potentially helpful in cases in which patients at risk for NSSI explicitly report that they would not do so in the future. Ultimately, both implicit and explicit measures can help to predict future incidents of cutting among adolescent inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew K Nock
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University
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De Los Reyes A, Augenstein TM, Wang M, Thomas SA, Drabick DAG, Burgers DE, Rabinowitz J. The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychol Bull 2015; 141:858-900. [PMID: 25915035 DOI: 10.1037/a0038498n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent patients may display mental health concerns within some contexts and not others (e.g., home vs. school). Thus, understanding the specific contexts in which patients display concerns may assist mental health professionals in tailoring treatments to patients' needs. Consequently, clinical assessments often include reports from multiple informants who vary in the contexts in which they observe patients' behavior (e.g., patients, parents, teachers). Previous meta-analyses indicate that informants' reports correlate at low-to-moderate magnitudes. However, is it valid to interpret low correspondence among reports as indicating that patients display concerns in some contexts and not others? We meta-analyzed 341 studies published between 1989 and 2014 that reported cross-informant correspondence estimates, and observed low-to-moderate correspondence (mean internalizing: r = .25; mean externalizing: r = .30; mean overall: r = .28). Informant pair, mental health domain, and measurement method moderated magnitudes of correspondence. These robust findings have informed the development of concepts for interpreting multi-informant assessments, allowing researchers to draw specific predictions about the incremental and construct validity of these assessments. In turn, we critically evaluated research on the incremental and construct validity of the multi-informant approach to clinical child and adolescent assessment. In so doing, we identify crucial gaps in knowledge for future research, and provide recommendations for "best practices" in using and interpreting multi-informant assessments in clinical work and research. This article has important implications for developing personalized approaches to clinical assessment, with the goal of informing techniques for tailoring treatments to target the specific contexts where patients display concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
| | - Tara M Augenstein
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Management, University of Florida
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
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De Los Reyes A, Augenstein TM, Wang M, Thomas SA, Drabick DA, Burgers DE, Rabinowitz J. The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychol Bull 2015; 141:858-900. [PMID: 25915035 PMCID: PMC4486608 DOI: 10.1037/a0038498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 779] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Child and adolescent patients may display mental health concerns within some contexts and not others (e.g., home vs. school). Thus, understanding the specific contexts in which patients display concerns may assist mental health professionals in tailoring treatments to patients' needs. Consequently, clinical assessments often include reports from multiple informants who vary in the contexts in which they observe patients' behavior (e.g., patients, parents, teachers). Previous meta-analyses indicate that informants' reports correlate at low-to-moderate magnitudes. However, is it valid to interpret low correspondence among reports as indicating that patients display concerns in some contexts and not others? We meta-analyzed 341 studies published between 1989 and 2014 that reported cross-informant correspondence estimates, and observed low-to-moderate correspondence (mean internalizing: r = .25; mean externalizing: r = .30; mean overall: r = .28). Informant pair, mental health domain, and measurement method moderated magnitudes of correspondence. These robust findings have informed the development of concepts for interpreting multi-informant assessments, allowing researchers to draw specific predictions about the incremental and construct validity of these assessments. In turn, we critically evaluated research on the incremental and construct validity of the multi-informant approach to clinical child and adolescent assessment. In so doing, we identify crucial gaps in knowledge for future research, and provide recommendations for "best practices" in using and interpreting multi-informant assessments in clinical work and research. This article has important implications for developing personalized approaches to clinical assessment, with the goal of informing techniques for tailoring treatments to target the specific contexts where patients display concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Tara M. Augenstein
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Management, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sarah A. Thomas
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA
| | | | - Darcy E. Burgers
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Jill Rabinowitz
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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De Los Reyes A, Augenstein TM, Aldao A, Thomas SA, Daruwala S, Kline K, Regan T. Implementing psychophysiology in clinical assessments of adolescent social anxiety: use of rater judgments based on graphical representations of psychophysiology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2013; 44:264-79. [PMID: 24320027 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2013.859080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Social stressor tasks induce adolescents' social distress as indexed by low-cost psychophysiological methods. Unknown is how to incorporate these methods within clinical assessments. Having assessors judge graphical depictions of psychophysiological data may facilitate detections of data patterns that may be difficult to identify using judgments about numerical depictions of psychophysiological data. Specifically, the Chernoff Face method involves graphically representing data using features on the human face (eyes, nose, mouth, and face shape). This method capitalizes on humans' abilities to discern subtle variations in facial features. Using adolescent heart rate norms and Chernoff Faces, we illustrated a method for implementing psychophysiology within clinical assessments of adolescent social anxiety. Twenty-two clinic-referred adolescents completed a social anxiety self-report and provided psychophysiological data using wireless heart rate monitors during a social stressor task. We graphically represented participants' psychophysiological data and normative adolescent heart rates. For each participant, two undergraduate coders made comparative judgments between the dimensions (eyes, nose, mouth, and face shape) of two Chernoff Faces. One Chernoff Face represented a participant's heart rate within a context (baseline, speech preparation, or speech-giving). The second Chernoff Face represented normative heart rate data matched to the participant's age. Using Chernoff Faces, coders reliably and accurately identified contextual variation in participants' heart rate responses to social stress. Further, adolescents' self-reported social anxiety symptoms predicted Chernoff Face judgments, and judgments could be differentiated by social stress context. Our findings have important implications for implementing psychophysiology within clinical assessments of adolescent social anxiety.
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Abstract
This article has two primary aims: (1) to describe how to incorporate evidence-based assessment procedures into diagnostic practice and (2) to present a review of the more commonly used interview methods and clinical measures of depression among preschoolers, school-age children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J D'Angelo
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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