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Du T, Ma C, Wang Z, Hao Y, Zhang W. Distribution and Degradation of Pork Filamin during Postmortem Aging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15287-15295. [PMID: 37788342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The filamin C (FLNC) was hypothesized to be colocalized with its certain binding partners in pork tissues and calpain as well as caspase was assumed responsible for the postmortem degradation of FLNC. Therefore, the specific distribution of pork FLNC and its degradation pattern during postmortem aging were investigated in this study. The longissimus thoracis muscles from 12 pigs were removed from the carcasses and then aged at 4 °C for 1, 6, 12, 24, 72, and 168 h, respectively. The FLNC signals appeared to localize in subsarcolemmal areas by cross-sectional images, while the localization was found surrounding the myofibrils at the level of the Z-discs in longitudinal sections. FLNC displayed a highly overlapped spatial colocalization with actin or integrin. Western blot results showed that the intact 290 kDa FLNC was rapidly degraded to produce an approximately 280 kDa band. An almost overlapped distribution pattern was observed between FLNC and μ-calpain or caspase-3 in porcine skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, both the μ-calpain inhibitor and the caspase-3 inhibitor could inhibit the degradation of FLNC in porcine LT muscles during postmortem aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuejing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathy affects approximately 1 in 500 adults and is the leading cause of death. Familial cases are common, and mutations in many genes are involved in cardiomyopathy, especially those in genes encoding cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins. Filamin C is an actin-binding protein encoded by filamin C (FLNC) gene and participates in sarcomere stability maintenance. FLNC was first demonstrated to be a causal gene of myofibrillar myopathy; recently, it has been found that FLNC mutation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarized the physiological roles of filamin C in cardiomyocytes and the genetic evidence for links between FLNC mutations and cardiomyopathies. Truncated FLNC is enriched in dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Non-truncated FLNC is enriched in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Two major pathomechanisms in FLNC-related cardiomyopathy have been described: protein aggregation resulting from non-truncating mutations and haploinsufficiency triggered by filamin C truncation. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular biology and molecular regulation of FLNC to design new therapies to treat patients with FLNC-related cardiomyopathy.
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The Role of Z-disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063058. [PMID: 33802723 PMCID: PMC8002584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Z-disc acts as a protein-rich structure to tether thin filament in the contractile units, the sarcomeres, of striated muscle cells. Proteins found in the Z-disc are integral for maintaining the architecture of the sarcomere. They also enable it to function as a (bio-mechanical) signalling hub. Numerous proteins interact in the Z-disc to facilitate force transduction and intracellular signalling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review will focus on six key Z-disc proteins: α-actinin 2, filamin C, myopalladin, myotilin, telethonin and Z-disc alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), which have all been linked to myopathies and cardiomyopathies. We will summarise pathogenic variants identified in the six genes coding for these proteins and look at their involvement in myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Listing the Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) of these variants in the Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD) version 3.1 will help to critically re-evaluate pathogenicity based on variant frequency in normal population cohorts.
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Zhou J, Kang X, An H, Lv Y, Liu X. The function and pathogenic mechanism of filamin A. Gene 2021; 784:145575. [PMID: 33737122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A(FLNa) is an actin-binding protein, which participates in the formation of the cytoskeleton, anchors a variety of proteins in the cytoskeleton and regulates cell adhesion and migration. It is involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, pseudopodia formation, vesicle transport, tumor resistance and genetic diseases by binding with interacting proteins. In order to fully elucidate the structure, function and pathogenesis of FLNa, we summarized all substances which directly or indirectly act on FLNa so far, upstream and downstream targets which having effect on it, signaling pathways and their functions. It also recorded the expression and effect of FLNa in different diseases, including hereditary disease and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Hanxiang An
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
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Cohen S. Role of calpains in promoting desmin filaments depolymerization and muscle atrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Phosphoproteomics identifies dual-site phosphorylation in an extended basophilic motif regulating FILIP1-mediated degradation of filamin-C. Commun Biol 2020; 3:253. [PMID: 32444788 PMCID: PMC7244511 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt pathway promotes skeletal muscle growth and myogenic differentiation. Although its importance in skeletal muscle biology is well documented, many of its substrates remain to be identified. We here studied PI3K/Akt signaling in contracting skeletal muscle cells by quantitative phosphoproteomics. We identified the extended basophilic phosphosite motif RxRxxp[S/T]xxp[S/T] in various proteins including filamin-C (FLNc). Importantly, this extended motif, located in a unique insert in Ig-like domain 20 of FLNc, is doubly phosphorylated. The protein kinases responsible for this dual-site phosphorylation are Akt and PKCα. Proximity proteomics and interaction analysis identified filamin A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) as direct FLNc binding partner. FILIP1 binding induces filamin degradation, thereby negatively regulating its function. Here, dual-site phosphorylation of FLNc not only reduces FILIP1 binding, providing a mechanism to shield FLNc from FILIP1-mediated degradation, but also enables fast dynamics of FLNc necessary for its function as signaling adaptor in cross-striated muscle cells. Reimann, Schwäble et al. perform quantitative proteomics to study PI3K/Akt signaling in contracting myotubes. They identify a dual-site phosphorylation motif in the actin cross-linker and signaling adaptor filamin C, which regulates its degradation and mobility, suggesting the importance of dual phosphorylation for filamin C function in striated muscle cells.
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7
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Structure and Function of Filamin C in the Muscle Z-Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082696. [PMID: 32295012 PMCID: PMC7216277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeats with two intervening calpain-sensitive hinges separating R15 and R16 (hinge 1) and R23 and R24 (hinge-2). The FLNC subunit is dimerized through R24 and calpain cleaves off the dimerization domain to regulate mobility of the FLNC subunit. FLNC is localized in the Z-disc due to the unique insertion of 82 amino acid residues in repeat 20 and necessary for normal Z-disc formation that connect sarcomeres. Since phosphorylation of FLNC by PKC diminishes the calpain sensitivity, assembly, and disassembly of the Z-disc may be regulated by phosphorylation of FLNC. Mutations of FLNC result in cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Although this review will focus on the current understanding of FLNC structure and functions in muscle, we will also discuss other filamins because they share high sequence similarity and are better characterized. We will also discuss a possible role of FLNC as a mechanosensor during muscle contraction.
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Liu C, Ding L, Xia Z. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of breast muscle in Pekin ducks supplemented with the dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:844. [PMID: 30486769 PMCID: PMC6264624 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased attention is being paid to breast muscle yield and meat quality in the duck breeding industry. Our previous report has demonstrated that dietary Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can improve meat quality of Pekin ducks. However, the potential biological processes and molecular mechanisms that are modulated by dietary C. butyricum in the breast muscle of Pekin ducks remain unknown. RESULTS Supplementation with C. butyricum increased growth performance and meat yield. Therefore, we utilized de novo assembly methods to analyze the RNA-Seq transcriptome profiles in breast muscle to explore the differentially expressed genes between C. butyricum-treated and control Pekin ducks. A total of 1119 differentially expressed candidate genes were found of which 403 genes were significantly up-regulated and 716 genes were significantly down-regulated significantly. qRT-PCR analysis was used to confirm the accuracy of the of RNA-Seq results. GO annotations revealed potential genes, processes and pathways that may participate in meat quality and muscle development. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes participated in numerous pathways related to muscle development, including ECM-receptor interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that long-time dietary supplementation with C. butyricum can modulate muscle development and meat quality via altering the expression patterns of genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways. The findings presented here provide unique insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle development in Pekin ducks in response to dietary C. butyricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yaxiong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Cun Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Limin Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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9
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Aweida D, Rudesky I, Volodin A, Shimko E, Cohen S. GSK3-β promotes calpain-1-mediated desmin filament depolymerization and myofibril loss in atrophy. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3698-3714. [PMID: 30061109 PMCID: PMC6168250 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation by protein kinase GSK3-β is essential for desmin filament depolymerization by calpain-1 and the resulting myofibril destruction in muscle atrophy. Myofibril breakdown is a fundamental cause of muscle wasting and inevitable sequel of aging and disease. We demonstrated that myofibril loss requires depolymerization of the desmin cytoskeleton, which is activated by phosphorylation. Here, we developed a mass spectrometry–based kinase-trap assay and identified glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) as responsible for desmin phosphorylation. GSK3-β inhibition in mice prevented desmin phosphorylation and depolymerization and blocked atrophy upon fasting or denervation. Desmin was phosphorylated by GSK3-β 3 d after denervation, but depolymerized only 4 d later when cytosolic Ca2+ levels rose. Mass spectrometry analysis identified GSK3-β and the Ca2+-specific protease, calpain-1, bound to desmin and catalyzing its disassembly. Consistently, calpain-1 down-regulation prevented loss of phosphorylated desmin and blocked atrophy. Thus, phosphorylation of desmin filaments by GSK3-β is a key molecular event required for calpain-1–mediated depolymerization, and the subsequent myofibril destruction. Consequently, GSK3-β represents a novel drug target to prevent myofibril breakdown and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Aweida
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inga Rudesky
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Shimko
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shenhav Cohen
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Reimann L, Wiese H, Leber Y, Schwäble AN, Fricke AL, Rohland A, Knapp B, Peikert CD, Drepper F, van der Ven PFM, Radziwill G, Fürst DO, Warscheid B. Myofibrillar Z-discs Are a Protein Phosphorylation Hot Spot with Protein Kinase C (PKCα) Modulating Protein Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:346-367. [PMID: 28028127 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Z-disc is a protein-rich structure critically important for the development and integrity of myofibrils, which are the contractile organelles of cross-striated muscle cells. We here used mouse C2C12 myoblast, which were differentiated into myotubes, followed by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to generate contracting myotubes comprising mature Z-discs. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we found significant changes in the relative abundance of 387 proteins in myoblasts versus differentiated myotubes, reflecting the drastic phenotypic conversion of these cells during myogenesis. Interestingly, EPS of differentiated myotubes to induce Z-disc assembly and maturation resulted in increased levels of proteins involved in ATP synthesis, presumably to fulfill the higher energy demand of contracting myotubes. Because an important role of the Z-disc for signal integration and transduction was recently suggested, its precise phosphorylation landscape further warranted in-depth analysis. We therefore established, by global phosphoproteomics of EPS-treated contracting myotubes, a comprehensive site-resolved protein phosphorylation map of the Z-disc and found that it is a phosphorylation hotspot in skeletal myocytes, underscoring its functions in signaling and disease-related processes. In an illustrative fashion, we analyzed the actin-binding multiadaptor protein filamin C (FLNc), which is essential for Z-disc assembly and maintenance, and found that PKCα phosphorylation at distinct serine residues in its hinge 2 region prevents its cleavage at an adjacent tyrosine residue by calpain 1. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments indicated that this phosphorylation modulates FLNc dynamics. Moreover, FLNc lacking the cleaved Ig-like domain 24 exhibited remarkably fast kinetics and exceedingly high mobility. Our data set provides research community resource for further identification of kinase-mediated changes in myofibrillar protein interactions, kinetics, and mobility that will greatly advance our understanding of Z-disc dynamics and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Reimann
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Wiese
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Leber
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja N Schwäble
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna L Fricke
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rohland
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Peikert
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedel Drepper
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Radziwill
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,§BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; .,§BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg
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11
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Ulbricht A, Gehlert S, Leciejewski B, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Höhfeld J. Induction and adaptation of chaperone-assisted selective autophagy CASA in response to resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Autophagy 2016; 11:538-46. [PMID: 25714469 PMCID: PMC4502687 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) is a tension-induced degradation pathway essential for muscle maintenance. Impairment of CASA causes childhood muscle dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. However, the importance of CASA for muscle function in healthy individuals has remained elusive so far. Here we describe the impact of strength training on CASA in a group of healthy and moderately trained men. We show that strenuous resistance exercise causes an acute induction of CASA in affected muscles to degrade mechanically damaged cytoskeleton proteins. Moreover, repeated resistance exercise during 4 wk of training led to an increased expression of CASA components. In human skeletal muscle, CASA apparently acts as a central adaptation mechanism that responds to acute physical exercise and to repeated mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulbricht
- a Institute for Cell Biology; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn ; Bonn , Germany
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12
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Savoy RM, Ghosh PM. The dual role of filamin A in cancer: can't live with (too much of) it, can't live without it. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:R341-56. [PMID: 24108109 PMCID: PMC4376317 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A (FlnA) has been associated with actin as cytoskeleton regulator. Recently its role in the cell has come under scrutiny for FlnA's involvement in cancer development. FlnA was originally revealed as a cancer-promoting protein, involved in invasion and metastasis. However, recent studies have also found that under certain conditions, it prevented tumor formation or progression, confusing the precise function of FlnA in cancer development. Here, we try to decipher the role of FlnA in cancer and the implications for its dual role. We propose that differences in subcellular localization of FlnA dictate its role in cancer development. In the cytoplasm, FlnA functions in various growth signaling pathways, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, in addition to being involved in cell migration and adhesion pathways, such as R-Ras and integrin signaling. Involvement in these pathways and various others has shown a correlation between high cytoplasmic FlnA levels and invasive cancers. However, an active cleaved form of FlnA can localize to the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm and its interaction with transcription factors has been linked to a decrease in invasiveness of cancers. Therefore, overexpression of FlnA has a tumor-promoting effect, only when it is localized to the cytoplasm, whereas if FlnA undergoes proteolysis and the resulting C-terminal fragment localizes to the nucleus, it acts to suppress tumor growth and inhibit metastasis. Development of drugs to target FlnA and cause cleavage and subsequent localization to the nucleus could be a new and potent field of research in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda M Savoy
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USA VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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13
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Bate N, Gingras AR, Bachir A, Horwitz R, Ye F, Patel B, Goult BT, Critchley DR. Talin contains a C-terminal calpain2 cleavage site important in focal adhesion dynamics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34461. [PMID: 22496808 PMCID: PMC3319578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin is a large (∼2540 residues) dimeric adaptor protein that associates with the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules in cell-extracellular matrix junctions (focal adhesions; FAs), where it both activates integrins and couples them to the actin cytoskeleton. Calpain2-mediated cleavage of talin between the head and rod domains has previously been shown to be important in FA turnover. Here we identify an additional calpain2-cleavage site that removes the dimerisation domain from the C-terminus of the talin rod, and show that an E2492G mutation inhibits calpain cleavage at this site in vitro, and increases the steady state levels of talin1 in vivo. Expression of a GFP-tagged talin1 E2492G mutant in CHO.K1 cells inhibited FA turnover and the persistence of cell protrusion just as effectively as a L432G mutation that inhibits calpain cleavage between the talin head and rod domains. Moreover, incorporation of both mutations into a single talin molecule had an additive effect clearly demonstrating that calpain cleavage at both the N- and C-terminal regions of talin contribute to the regulation of FA dynamics. However, the N-terminal site was more sensitive to calpain cleavage suggesting that lower levels of calpain are required to liberate the talin head and rod fragments than are needed to clip off the C-terminal dimerisation domain. The talin head and rod liberated by calpain2 cleavage have recently been shown to play roles in an integrin activation cycle important in FA turnover and in FAK-dependent cell cycle progression respectively. The half-life of the talin head is tightly regulated by ubiquitination and we suggest that removal of the C-terminal dimerisation domain from the talin rod may provide a mechanism both for terminating the signalling function of the talin rod and indeed for inactivating full-length talin thereby promoting FA turnover at the rear of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexia Bachir
- Department of Cell Biology, Univeristy of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Univeristy of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bipin Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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The sarcomeric Z-disc and Z-discopathies. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:569628. [PMID: 22028589 PMCID: PMC3199094 DOI: 10.1155/2011/569628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric Z-disc defines the lateral borders of the sarcomere and has primarily been seen as a structure important for mechanical stability. This view has changed dramatically within the last one or two decades. A multitude of novel Z-disc proteins and their interacting partners have been identified, which has led to the identification of additional functions and which have now been assigned to this structure. This includes its importance for intracellular signalling, for mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in particular, an emerging importance for protein turnover and autophagy, as well as its molecular links to the t-tubular system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, the discovery of mutations in a wide variety of Z-disc proteins, which lead to perturbations of several of the above-mentioned systems, gives rise to a diverse group of diseases which can be termed Z-discopathies. This paper provides a brief overview of these novel aspects as well as points to future research directions.
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15
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Le Goff E, Vallentin A, Harmand PO, Aldrian-Herrada G, Rebière B, Roy C, Benyamin Y, Lebart MC. Characterization of L-plastin interaction with beta integrin and its regulation by micro-calpain. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 67:286-96. [PMID: 20183869 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that plastin/fimbrin is more than a simple actin cross-linking molecule. In this context and based on the fact that other members of the same family interact with transmembrane proteins, such as integrins, we have investigated a possible interaction between L-plastin and integrins. By combining coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins and in vitro techniques based on solid phase and solution assays, we demonstrate that L-plastin is an additional binding partner for the beta-chain of integrin and confirmed that both proteins display some colocalization. We then show that L-plastin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin and to beta1 and beta2 peptides. Using recombinant L-plastin domains, we demonstrate that the integrin-binding sites are not located in NH(2) terminal part of L-plastin but rather in the two actin-binding domains. Using pull-down, cross-linking experiments, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the L-plastin/integrin complex is regulated by mu-calpain cleavage and is not directly dissociated by calcium. Indeed, despite the ability of calpain to cleave both proteins, only the cleavage of beta integrin hindered the formation of the L-plastin/integrin complex. We discuss these results in the light of the three-dimensional structure of the actin-binding domains of L-plastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Le Goff
- UMR CNRS 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
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16
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Heikkinen OK, Ruskamo S, Konarev PV, Svergun DI, Iivanainen T, Heikkinen SM, Permi P, Koskela H, Kilpeläinen I, Ylänne J. Atomic structures of two novel immunoglobulin-like domain pairs in the actin cross-linking protein filamin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25450-8. [PMID: 19622754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamins are actin filament cross-linking proteins composed of an N-terminal actin-binding domain and 24 immunoglobulin-like domains (IgFLNs). Filamins interact with numerous proteins, including the cytoplasmic domains of plasma membrane signaling and cell adhesion receptors. Thereby filamins mechanically and functionally link the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton. Most of the interactions have been mapped to the C-terminal IgFLNs 16-24. Similarly, as with the previously known compact domain pair of IgFLNa20-21, the two-domain fragments IgFLNa16-17 and IgFLNa18-19 were more compact in small angle x-ray scattering analysis than would be expected for two independent domains. Solution state NMR structures revealed that the domain packing in IgFLNa18-19 resembles the structure of IgFLNa20-21. In both domain pairs the integrin-binding site is masked, although the details of the domain-domain interaction are partly distinct. The structure of IgFLNa16-17 revealed a new domain packing mode where the adhesion receptor binding site of domain 17 is not masked. Sequence comparison suggests that similar packing of three tandem filamin domain pairs is present throughout the animal kingdom, and we propose that this packing is involved in the regulation of filamin interactions through a mechanosensor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi K Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Li Y, Li Y, Feng Q, Arnold M, Peng T. Calpain activation contributes to hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:100-10. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Rasbach KA, Arrington DD, Odejinmi S, Giguere C, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Identification and optimization of a novel inhibitor of mitochondrial calpain 10. J Med Chem 2009; 52:181-8. [PMID: 19072163 DOI: 10.1021/jm800735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 has been localized to the mitochondria and is a key mediator of Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A peptide screen followed by a series of modifications identified the homodisulfide form of CYGAK (CYGAK)(2) as an inhibitor of calpain 10 while showing no inhibitory activity against calpain 1. Methylation or truncation of the N-terminal cysteine significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of (CYGAK)(2) and inhibition was reversed by reducing agents, suggesting that CYGAK forms a disulfide with a cysteine near the active site. Data suggests CYGAK may be a P' calpain inhibitor and may achieve its specificity through this mechanism. CYGAK inhibited calpain activity in intact mitochondria, renal cells, and hepatocytes, prevented Ca(2+) induced cleavage of NDUFV2, and blocked Ca(2+) induced state III dysfunction. (CYGAK)(2) is the first P' specific calpain inhibitor and will be a valuable tool to prevent Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore the function of calpain 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Rasbach
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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19
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Ting HJ, Chang C. Actin associated proteins function as androgen receptor coregulators: an implication of androgen receptor's roles in skeletal muscle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 111:157-63. [PMID: 18590822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review of androgen receptor (AR) coregulators, which also function as actin-binding proteins, intends to establish the connection between actin cytoskeletal components and androgen signaling, especially in skeletal muscle. In cellular and animal models, androgen activated AR modulates myoblasts proliferation, promotes sexual dimorphic muscle development, and alters muscle fiber type. In the clinical setting, administration of anabolic androgens can decrease cachexia and speed wound healing. During myogenesis and regeneration of skeletal muscle in embryo and adult, the membrane of myoblasts fuse and the actin cytoskeleton is rearranged to form an alignment with myosin to form myotubes then ultimately the myofibrils. Contraction of skeletal muscle promotes the growth of myocytes by coordinating signals from the neuromuscular junction to intra-myofibrils through costameres, the functional structure comprised of signal proteins closely associated with actin filaments and involved in muscular dystrophy. Therefore, the discovery of actin-binding proteins functioning as AR coregulators implies that androgen signaling is tightly regulated during the process of the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. The search for selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) that act precisely in skeletal muscle instead of other tissues could target the engineering of a SARM-AR complex that selectively recruits these coregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ju Ting
- Department of Pathology and Urology, The Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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20
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Melloni E, Averna M, Stifanese R, De Tullio R, Defranchi E, Salamino F, Pontremoli S. Association of Calpastatin with Inactive Calpain. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:24945-54. [PMID: 16803906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601449200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of calpain with calpastatin is the most relevant mechanism involved in the regulation of Ca(2+)-induced proteolysis. We now report that a calpain-calpastatin association can occur also in the absence of Ca(2+) or at very low Ca(2+) concentrations, reflecting the physiological conditions under which calpain retains its inactive conformational state. The calpastatin binding region is localized in the non-inhibitory L-domain containing the amino acid sequences encoded by exons 4-7. This calpastatin region recognizes a calpain sequence located near the end of the DII-domain. Interaction of calpain with calpastatins lacking these sequences becomes strictly Ca(2+)-dependent because, under these conditions, the transition to an active state of the protease is an obligatory requirement. The occurrence of the molecular association between Ca(2+)-free calpain and various recombinant calpastatin forms has been demonstrated by the following experimental results. Addition of calpastatin protected calpain from trypsin digestion. Calpain was coprecipitated when calpastatin was immunoprecipitated. The calpastatin molecular size increased following exposure to calpain. The two proteins comigrated in zymogram analysis. Furthermore, calpain-calpastatin interaction was perturbed by protein kinase C phosphorylation occurring at sites located at the exons involved in the association. At a functional level, calpain-calpastatin interaction at a physiological concentration of Ca(2+) represents a novel mechanism for the control of the amount of the active form of the protease potentially generated in response to an intracellular Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edon Melloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
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