1
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Ball NJ, Barnett SFH, Goult BT. Mechanically operated signalling scaffolds. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:517-527. [PMID: 38572868 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellular signalling is a complex process and involves cascades of enzymes that, in response to a specific signal, give rise to exact cellular responses. Signalling scaffold proteins organise components of these signalling pathways in space and time to co-ordinate signalling outputs. In this review we introduce a new class of mechanically operated signalling scaffolds that are built into the cytoskeletal architecture of the cell. These proteins contain force-dependent binary switch domains that integrate chemical and mechanical signals to introduce quantised positional changes to ligands and persistent alterations in cytoskeletal architecture providing mechanomemory capabilities. We focus on the concept of spatial organisation, and how the cell organises signalling molecules at the plasma membrane in response to specific signals to create order and distinct signalling outputs. The dynamic positioning of molecules using binary switches adds an additional layer of complexity to the idea of scaffolding. The switches can spatiotemporally organise enzymes and substrates dynamically, with the introduction of ∼50 nm quantised steps in distance between them as the switch patterns change. Together these different types of signalling scaffolds and the proteins engaging them, provide a way for an ordering of molecules that extends beyond current views of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Ball
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | | | - Benjamin T Goult
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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2
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Guo Y, Yan J, Goult BT. Mechanotransduction through protein stretching. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102327. [PMID: 38301379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to subtle changes in their physicality, and via a myriad of different mechanosensitive processes, convert these physical cues into chemical and biochemical signals. This process, called mechanotransduction, is possible due to a highly sophisticated machinery within cells. One mechanism by which this can occur is via the stretching of mechanosensitive proteins. Stretching proteins that contain force-dependent regions results in altered geometry and dimensions of the connections, as well as differential spatial organization of signals bound to the stretched protein. The purpose of this mini-review is to discuss some of the intense recent activity in this area of mechanobiology that strives to understand how protein stretching can influence signaling outputs and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Guo
- Department of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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3
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Camp D, Venkatesh B, Solianova V, Varela L, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. The actin binding sites of talin have both distinct and complementary roles in cell-ECM adhesion. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011224. [PMID: 38662776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion requires linkage of transmembrane receptors to the cytoskeleton through intermediary linker proteins. Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) involves large adhesion complexes that contain multiple cytoskeletal adapters that connect to the actin cytoskeleton. Many of these adapters, including the essential cytoskeletal linker Talin, have been shown to contain multiple actin-binding sites (ABSs) within a single protein. To investigate the possible role of having such a variety of ways of linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, we generated mutations in multiple actin binding sites in Drosophila talin. Using this approach, we have been able to show that different actin-binding sites in talin have both unique and complementary roles in integrin-mediated adhesion. Specifically, mutations in either the C-terminal ABS3 or the centrally located ABS2 result in lethality showing that they have unique and non-redundant function in some contexts. On the other hand, flies simultaneously expressing both the ABS2 and ABS3 mutants exhibit a milder phenotype than either mutant by itself, suggesting overlap in function in other contexts. Detailed phenotypic analysis of ABS mutants elucidated the unique roles of the talin ABSs during embryonic development as well as provided support for the hypothesis that talin acts as a dimer in in vivo contexts. Overall, our work highlights how the ability of adhesion complexes to link to the cytoskeleton in multiple ways provides redundancy, and consequently robustness, but also allows a capacity for functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bhavya Venkatesh
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Kang M, Otani Y, Guo Y, Yan J, Goult BT, Howe AK. The focal adhesion protein talin is a mechanically gated A-kinase anchoring protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314947121. [PMID: 38513099 PMCID: PMC10990152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314947121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous, promiscuous kinase whose activity is specified through subcellular localization mediated by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). PKA has complex roles as both an effector and a regulator of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent observations demonstrate that PKA is an active component of focal adhesions (FA), suggesting the existence of one or more FA AKAPs. Using a promiscuous biotin ligase fused to PKA type-IIα regulatory (RIIα) subunits and subcellular fractionation, we identify the archetypal FA protein talin1 as an AKAP. Talin is a large, mechanosensitive scaffold that directly links integrins to actin filaments and promotes FA assembly by recruiting additional components in a force-dependent manner. The rod region of talin1 consists of 62 α-helices bundled into 13 rod domains, R1 to R13. Direct binding assays and NMR spectroscopy identify helix41 in the R9 subdomain of talin as the PKA binding site. PKA binding to helix41 requires unfolding of the R9 domain, which requires the linker region between R9 and R10. Experiments with single molecules and in cells manipulated to alter actomyosin contractility demonstrate that the PKA-talin interaction is regulated by mechanical force across the talin molecule. Finally, talin mutations that disrupt PKA binding also decrease levels of total and phosphorylated PKA RII subunits as well as phosphorylation of VASP, a known PKA substrate, within FA. These observations identify a mechanically gated anchoring protein for PKA, a force-dependent binding partner for talin1, and a potential pathway for adhesion-associated mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Yasumi Otani
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, KentCT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Yanyu Guo
- Department of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore117542, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore117542, Singapore
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, KentCT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Alan K. Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT05405
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5
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Chanduri MVL, Kumar A, Weiss D, Emuna N, Barsukov I, Shi M, Tanaka K, Wang X, Datye A, Kanyo J, Collin F, Lam T, Schwarz UD, Bai S, Nottoli T, Goult BT, Humphrey JD, Schwartz MA. Mechanosensing through talin 1 contributes to tissue mechanical homeostasis. bioRxiv 2024:2023.09.03.556084. [PMID: 38328095 PMCID: PMC10849504 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.03.556084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
It is widely believed that tissue mechanical properties, determined mainly by the extracellular matrix (ECM), are actively maintained. However, despite its broad importance to biology and medicine, tissue mechanical homeostasis is poorly understood. To explore this hypothesis, we developed mutations in the mechanosensitive protein talin1 that alter cellular sensing of ECM stiffness. Mutation of a novel mechanosensitive site between talin1 rod domain helix bundles 1 and 2 (R1 and R2) shifted cellular stiffness sensing curves, enabling cells to spread and exert tension on compliant substrates. Opening of the R1-R2 interface promotes binding of the ARP2/3 complex subunit ARPC5L, which mediates the altered stiffness sensing. Ascending aortas from mice bearing these mutations show increased compliance, less fibrillar collagen, and rupture at lower pressure. Together, these results demonstrate that cellular stiffness sensing regulates ECM mechanical properties. These data thus directly support the mechanical homeostasis hypothesis and identify a novel mechanosensitive interaction within talin that contributes to this mechanism.
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6
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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7
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Honasoge KS, Karagöz Z, Goult BT, Wolfenson H, LaPointe VLS, Carlier A. Force-dependent focal adhesion assembly and disassembly: A computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011500. [PMID: 37801464 PMCID: PMC10584152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via cell-ECM adhesions. These physical interactions are transduced into biochemical signals inside the cell which influence cell behaviour. Although cell-ECM interactions have been studied extensively, it is not completely understood how immature (nascent) adhesions develop into mature (focal) adhesions and how mechanical forces influence this process. Given the small size, dynamic nature and short lifetimes of nascent adhesions, studying them using conventional microscopic and experimental techniques is challenging. Computational modelling provides a valuable resource for simulating and exploring various "what if?" scenarios in silico and identifying key molecular components and mechanisms for further investigation. Here, we present a simplified mechano-chemical model based on ordinary differential equations with three major proteins involved in adhesions: integrins, talin and vinculin. Additionally, we incorporate a hypothetical signal molecule that influences adhesion (dis)assembly rates. We find that assembly and disassembly rates need to vary dynamically to limit maturation of nascent adhesions. The model predicts biphasic variation of actin retrograde velocity and maturation fraction with substrate stiffness, with maturation fractions between 18-35%, optimal stiffness of ∼1 pN/nm, and a mechanosensitive range of 1-100 pN/nm, all corresponding to key experimental findings. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of outcomes to small changes in parameter values, allowing model tuning to reflect specific cell types and signaling cascades. The model proposes that signal-dependent disassembly rate variations play an underappreciated role in maturation fraction regulation, which should be investigated further. We also provide predictions on the changes in traction force generation under increased/decreased vinculin concentrations, complementing previous vinculin overexpression/knockout experiments in different cell types. In summary, this work proposes a model framework to robustly simulate the mechanochemical processes underlying adhesion maturation and maintenance, thereby enhancing our fundamental knowledge of cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Shankar Honasoge
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Doolan JA, Alesbrook LS, Baker K, Brown IR, Williams GT, Hilton KLF, Tabata M, Wozniakiewicz PJ, Hiscock JR, Goult BT. Next-generation protein-based materials capture and preserve projectiles from supersonic impacts. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:1060-1066. [PMID: 37400719 PMCID: PMC10501900 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Extreme energy-dissipating materials are essential for a range of applications. The military and police force require ballistic armour to ensure the safety of their personnel, while the aerospace industry requires materials that enable the capture, preservation and study of hypervelocity projectiles. However, current industry standards display at least one inherent limitation, such as weight, breathability, stiffness, durability and failure to preserve captured projectiles. To resolve these limitations, we have turned to nature, using proteins that have evolved over millennia to enable effective energy dissipation. Specifically, a recombinant form of the mechanosensitive protein talin was incorporated into a monomeric unit and crosslinked, resulting in a talin shock-absorbing material (TSAM). When subjected to 1.5 km s-1 supersonic shots, TSAMs were shown to absorb the impact and capture and preserve the projectile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Doolan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Luke S Alesbrook
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Karen Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Ian R Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Makoto Tabata
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
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9
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Kang M, Otani Y, Guo Y, Yan J, Goult BT, Howe AK. The focal adhesion protein talin is a mechanically-gated A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.20.554038. [PMID: 37645895 PMCID: PMC10462126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.20.554038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Protein Kinase A; PKA) is a ubiquitous, promiscuous kinase whose activity is focused and specified through subcellular localization mediated by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). PKA has complex roles as both an effector and a regulator of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent observations demonstrate that PKA is an active component of focal adhesions (FA), intracellular complexes coupling ECM-bound integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting the existence of one or more FA AKAPs. Using a combination of a promiscuous biotin ligase fused to PKA type-IIα regulatory (RIIα) subunits and subcellular fractionation, we identify the archetypal FA protein talin1 as an AKAP. Talin is a large, mechanosensitive scaffold that directly links integrins to actin filaments and promotes FA assembly by recruiting additional components in a force-dependent manner. The rod region of talin1 consists of 62 α-helices bundled into 13 rod domains, R1-R13. Direct binding assays and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify helix41 in the R9 subdomain of talin as the PKA binding site. PKA binding to helix41 requires unfolding of the R9 domain, which requires the linker region between R9 and R10. Finally, single-molecule experiments with talin1 and PKA, and experiments in cells manipulated to alter actomyosin contractility demonstrate that the PKA-talin interaction is regulated by mechanical force across the talin molecule. These observations identify the first mechanically-gated anchoring protein for PKA, a new force-dependent binding partner for talin1, and thus a new mechanism for coupling cellular tension and signal transduction.
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10
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Davis-Lunn M, Goult BT, Andrews MR. Clutching at Guidance Cues: The Integrin-FAK Axis Steers Axon Outgrowth. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:954. [PMID: 37508384 PMCID: PMC10376711 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrin receptors are essential contributors to neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. Activated integrins engage components of the extracellular matrix, enabling the growth cone to form point contacts, which connect the extracellular substrate to dynamic intracellular protein complexes. These adhesion complexes facilitate efficient growth cone migration and neurite extension. Major signalling pathways mediated by the adhesion complex are instigated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), whilst axonal guidance molecules present in vivo promote growth cone turning or retraction by local modulation of FAK activity. Activation of FAK is marked by phosphorylation following integrin engagement, and this activity is tightly regulated during neurite outgrowth. FAK inhibition slows neurite outgrowth by reducing point contact turnover; however, mutant FAK constructs with enhanced activity stimulate aberrant outgrowth. Importantly, FAK is a major structural component of maturing adhesion sites, which provide the platform for actin polymerisation to drive leading edge advance. In this review, we discuss the coordinated signalling of integrin receptors and FAK, as well as their role in regulating neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. We also discuss the importance of the integrin-FAK axis in vivo, as integrin expression and activation are key determinants of successful axon regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Davis-Lunn
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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11
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Popović A, Miihkinen M, Ghimire S, Saup R, Grönloh MLB, Ball NJ, Goult BT, Ivaska J, Jacquemet G. Myosin-X recruits lamellipodin to filopodia tips. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:293507. [PMID: 36861887 PMCID: PMC10022686 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-X (MYO10), a molecular motor localizing to filopodia, is thought to transport various cargo to filopodia tips, modulating filopodia function. However, only a few MYO10 cargoes have been described. Here, using GFP-Trap and BioID approaches combined with mass spectrometry, we identified lamellipodin (RAPH1) as a novel MYO10 cargo. We report that the FERM domain of MYO10 is required for RAPH1 localization and accumulation at filopodia tips. Previous studies have mapped the RAPH1 interaction domain for adhesome components to its talin-binding and Ras-association domains. Surprisingly, we find that the RAPH1 MYO10-binding site is not within these domains. Instead, it comprises a conserved helix located just after the RAPH1 pleckstrin homology domain with previously unknown functions. Functionally, RAPH1 supports MYO10 filopodia formation and stability but is not required to activate integrins at filopodia tips. Taken together, our data indicate a feed-forward mechanism whereby MYO10 filopodia are positively regulated by MYO10-mediated transport of RAPH1 to the filopodium tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popović
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sujan Ghimire
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael Saup
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Max L B Grönloh
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Neil J Ball
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Western Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN West), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioimaging, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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12
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Kostourou V, Goult BT, Ambriović-Ristov A. Editorial: Integrin adhesion receptors in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023. [PMID: 36866274 PMCID: PMC9971948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia,*Correspondence: Andreja Ambriović-Ristov,
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13
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Goult BT, von Essen M, Hytönen VP. The mechanical cell - the role of force dependencies in synchronising protein interaction networks. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:283155. [PMID: 36398718 PMCID: PMC9845749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mechanical signals in the proper functioning of organisms is increasingly recognised, and every cell senses physical forces and responds to them. These forces are generated both from outside the cell or via the sophisticated force-generation machinery of the cell, the cytoskeleton. All regions of the cell are connected via mechanical linkages, enabling the whole cell to function as a mechanical system. In this Review, we define some of the key concepts of how this machinery functions, highlighting the critical requirement for mechanosensory proteins, and conceptualise the coupling of mechanical linkages to mechanochemical switches that enables forces to be converted into biological signals. These mechanical couplings provide a mechanism for how mechanical crosstalk might coordinate the entire cell, its neighbours, extending into whole collections of cells, in tissues and in organs, and ultimately in the coordination and operation of entire organisms. Consequently, many diseases manifest through defects in this machinery, which we map onto schematics of the mechanical linkages within a cell. This mapping approach paves the way for the identification of additional linkages between mechanosignalling pathways and so might identify treatments for diseases, where mechanical connections are affected by mutations or where individual force-regulated components are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland,Authors for correspondence (; )
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14
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Abstract
The Mercator projection map of the world provides a useful, but distorted, view of the relative scale of countries. Current cellular models suffer from a similar distortion. Here, we undertook an in-depth structural analysis of the molecular dimensions in the cell's computational machinery, the MeshCODE, that is assembled from a meshwork of binary switches in the scaffolding proteins talin and vinculin. Talin contains a series of force-dependent binary switches and each domain switching state introduces quantised step-changes in talin length on a micrometre scale. The average dendritic spine is 1 μm in diameter so this analysis identifies a plausible Gearbox-like mechanism for dynamic regulation of synaptic function, whereby the positioning of enzymes and substrates relative to each other, mechanically-encoded by the MeshCODE switch patterns, might control synaptic transmission. Based on biophysical rules and experimentally derived distances, this analysis yields a novel perspective on biological digital information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F. H. Barnett
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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15
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Doolan JA, Williams GT, Hilton KLF, Chaudhari R, Fossey JS, Goult BT, Hiscock JR. Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8696-8755. [PMID: 36190355 PMCID: PMC9575517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050. Already heralded as one of the greatest threats to human health, the onset of the coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections due to factors including increased global antibiotic/antimicrobial use. Thus an urgent need for novel therapeutics to combat what some have termed the 'silent pandemic' is evident. This review acts as a repository of research and an overview of the novel therapeutic strategies being developed to overcome antimicrobial resistance, with a focus on self-assembling systems and nanoscale materials. The fundamental mechanisms of action, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and attention is drawn to key examples within each field. As a result, this review provides a guide to the further design and development of antimicrobial systems, and outlines the interdisciplinary techniques required to translate this fundamental research towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Doolan
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rajas Chaudhari
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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16
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Wen L, Lyu Q, Ley K, Goult BT. Structural Basis of β2 Integrin Inside—Out Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193039. [PMID: 36231001 PMCID: PMC9564206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are expressed on all leukocytes. Precise regulation of the β2 integrin is critical for leukocyte adhesion and trafficking. In neutrophils, β2 integrins participate in slow rolling. When activated by inside–out signaling, fully activated β2 integrins mediate rapid leukocyte arrest and adhesion. The two activation pathways, starting with selectin ligand engagement and chemokine receptor ligation, respectively, converge on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, talin-1, kindlin-3 and Rap1. Here, we focus on recent structural insights into autoinhibited talin-1 and autoinhibited trimeric kindlin-3. When activated, both talin-1 and kindlin-3 can bind the β2 cytoplasmic tail at separate but adjacent sites. We discuss possible pathways for talin-1 and kindlin-3 activation, recruitment to the plasma membrane, and their role in integrin activation. We propose new models of the final steps of integrin activation involving the complex of talin-1, kindlin-3, integrin and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qingkang Lyu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1227-816-142
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17
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Azizi L, Varela L, Turkki P, Mykuliak VV, Korpela S, Ihalainen TO, Church J, Hytönen VP, Goult BT. Talin variant P229S compromises integrin activation and associates with multifaceted clinical symptoms. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4159-4172. [PMID: 35861643 PMCID: PMC9759328 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) must be exquisitely coordinated to enable development and tissue homeostasis. Cell-ECM interactions are regulated by multiple signalling pathways that coordinate the activation state of the integrin family of ECM receptors. The protein talin is pivotal in this process, and talin's simultaneous interactions with the cytoplasmic tails of the integrins and the plasma membrane are essential to enable robust, dynamic control of integrin activation and cell-ECM adhesion. Here, we report the identification of a de novo heterozygous c.685C>T (p.Pro229Ser) variant in the TLN1 gene from a patient with a complex phenotype. The mutation is located in the talin head region at the interface between the F2 and F3 domains. The characterization of this novel p.P229S talin variant reveals the disruption of adhesion dynamics that result from disturbance of the F2-F3 domain interface in the talin head. Using biophysical, computational and cell biological techniques, we find that the variant perturbs the synergy between the integrin-binding F3 and the membrane-binding F2 domains, compromising integrin activation, adhesion and cell migration. Whilst this remains a variant of uncertain significance, it is probable that the dysregulation of adhesion dynamics we observe in cells contributes to the multifaceted clinical symptoms of the patient and may provide insight into the multitude of cellular processes dependent on talin-mediated adhesion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasyl V Mykuliak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Korpela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joseph Church
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Benjamin T. Goult), (Vesa P. Hytönen), (Joe Church)
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Benjamin T. Goult), (Vesa P. Hytönen), (Joe Church)
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Benjamin T. Goult), (Vesa P. Hytönen), (Joe Church)
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18
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Abstract
Talins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that consist of an N-terminal head domain, a flexible neck region and a C-terminal rod domain made of 13 helical bundles. The head domain binds integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tails, which triggers integrin conformational activation to increase affinity for extracellular matrix proteins. The rod domain links to actin filaments inside the cell to transmit mechanical loads and serves as a mechanosensitive signalling hub for the recruitment of many other proteins. The α-helical bundles function as force-dependent switches - proteins that interact with folded bundles are displaced when force induces unfolding, exposing previously cryptic binding sites for other ligands. This leads to the notion of a talin code. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we propose that the multiple switches within the talin rod function to process and store time- and force-dependent mechanical and chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Nicholas H. Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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19
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Wang Y, Yao M, Baker KB, Gough RE, Le S, Goult BT, Yan J. Force-Dependent Interactions between Talin and Full-Length Vinculin. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14726-14737. [PMID: 34463480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are part of a multicomponent system involved in mechanosensing in cell-matrix adhesions. Both exist in autoinhibited forms, and activation of vinculin requires binding to mechanically activated talin, yet how forces affect talin's interaction with vinculin has not been investigated. Here by quantifying the kinetics of force-dependent talin-vinculin interactions using single-molecule analysis, we show that mechanical exposure of a single vinculin binding site (VBS) in talin is sufficient to relieve the autoinhibition of vinculin, resulting in high-affinity binding. We provide evidence that the vinculin undergoes dynamic fluctuations between an autoinhibited closed conformation and an open conformation that is stabilized upon binding to the VBS. Furthermore, we discover an additional level of regulation in which the mechanically exposed VBS binds vinculin significantly more tightly than the isolated VBS alone. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the basis of this new regulatory mechanism, identifying a sensitive force-dependent change in the conformation of an exposed VBS that modulates binding. Together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of how the interplay between force and autoinhibition provides exquisite complexity within this major mechanosensing axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Karen B Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | | | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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20
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Cowell AR, Jacquemet G, Singh AK, Varela L, Nylund AS, Ammon YC, Brown DG, Akhmanova A, Ivaska J, Goult BT. Talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) is a novel actin-bundling protein which promotes filopodia formation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202005214. [PMID: 34264272 PMCID: PMC8287531 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin is a mechanosensitive adapter protein that couples integrins to the cytoskeleton. Talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) shares 22% homology with the talin R7R8 rod domains, and is highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, although little is known about its function. Here we show that TLNRD1 is an α-helical protein structurally homologous to talin R7R8. Like talin R7R8, TLNRD1 binds F-actin, but because it forms a novel antiparallel dimer, it also bundles F-actin. In addition, it binds the same LD motif-containing proteins, RIAM and KANK, as talin R7R8. In cells, TLNRD1 localizes to actin bundles as well as to filopodia. Increasing TLNRD1 expression enhances filopodia formation and cell migration on 2D substrates, while TLNRD1 down-regulation has the opposite effect. Together, our results suggest that TLNRD1 has retained the diverse interactions of talin R7R8, but has developed distinct functionality as an actin-bundling protein that promotes filopodia assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lorena Varela
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Anna S. Nylund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David G. Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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21
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Gough RE, Jones MC, Zacharchenko T, Le S, Yu M, Jacquemet G, Muench SP, Yan J, Humphries JD, Jørgensen C, Humphries MJ, Goult BT. Talin mechanosensitivity is modulated by a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100837. [PMID: 34118235 PMCID: PMC8260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (TLN1) is a mechanosensitive component of adhesion complexes that directly couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In response to force, talin undergoes switch-like behavior of its multiple rod domains that modulate interactions with its binding partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle, exerting its effects through synchronized phosphorylation of a large number of protein targets. CDK1 activity maintains adhesion during interphase, and its inhibition is a prerequisite for the tightly choreographed changes in cell shape and adhesion that are required for successful mitosis. Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate a direct interaction between talin and CDK1 that occurs at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion. Mutagenesis demonstrated that CDK1 contains a functional talin-binding LD motif, and the binding site within talin was pinpointed to helical bundle R8. Talin also contains a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation motif centered on S1589, a site shown to be phosphorylated by CDK1 in vitro. A phosphomimetic mutant of this site within talin lowered the binding affinity of the cytoskeletal adaptor KANK and weakened the response of this region to force as measured by single molecule stretching, potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction pathways. The direct binding of the master cell cycle regulator CDK1 to the primary integrin effector talin represents a coupling of cell proliferation and cell adhesion machineries and thereby indicates a mechanism by which the microenvironment can control cell division in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology Department, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ste P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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22
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Han SJ, Azarova EV, Whitewood AJ, Bachir A, Guttierrez E, Groisman A, Horwitz AR, Goult BT, Dean KM, Danuser G. Pre-complexation of talin and vinculin without tension is required for efficient nascent adhesion maturation. eLife 2021; 10:66151. [PMID: 33783351 PMCID: PMC8009661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are mechanosensitive proteins that are recruited early to integrin-based nascent adhesions (NAs). In two epithelial cell systems with well-delineated NA formation, we find these molecules concurrently recruited to the subclass of NAs maturing to focal adhesions. After the initial recruitment under minimal load, vinculin accumulates in maturing NAs at a ~ fivefold higher rate than in non-maturing NAs, and is accompanied by a faster traction force increase. We identify the R8 domain in talin, which exposes a vinculin-binding-site (VBS) in the absence of load, as required for NA maturation. Disruption of R8 domain function reduces load-free vinculin binding to talin, and reduces the rate of additional vinculin recruitment. Taken together, these data show that the concurrent recruitment of talin and vinculin prior to mechanical engagement with integrins is essential for the traction-mediated unfolding of talin, exposure of additional VBSs, further recruitment of vinculin, and ultimately, NA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon J Han
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, United States
| | - Evgenia V Azarova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Alexia Bachir
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Edgar Guttierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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23
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Abstract
One of the major unsolved mysteries of biological science concerns the question of where and in what form information is stored in the brain. I propose that memory is stored in the brain in a mechanically encoded binary format written into the conformations of proteins found in the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions that organise each and every synapse. The MeshCODE framework outlined here represents a unifying theory of data storage in animals, providing read-write storage of both dynamic and persistent information in a binary format. Mechanosensitive proteins that contain force-dependent switches can store information persistently, which can be written or updated using small changes in mechanical force. These mechanosensitive proteins, such as talin, scaffold each synapse, creating a meshwork of switches that together form a code, the so-called MeshCODE. Large signalling complexes assemble on these scaffolds as a function of the switch patterns and these complexes would both stabilise the patterns and coordinate synaptic regulators to dynamically tune synaptic activity. Synaptic transmission and action potential spike trains would operate the cytoskeletal machinery to write and update the synaptic MeshCODEs, thereby propagating this coding throughout the organism. Based on established biophysical principles, such a mechanical basis for memory would provide a physical location for data storage in the brain, with the binary patterns, encoded in the information-storing mechanosensitive molecules in the synaptic scaffolds, and the complexes that form on them, representing the physical location of engrams. Furthermore, the conversion and storage of sensory and temporal inputs into a binary format would constitute an addressable read-write memory system, supporting the view of the mind as an organic supercomputer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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24
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Azizi L, Cowell AR, Mykuliak VV, Goult BT, Turkki P, Hytönen VP. Cancer associated talin point mutations disorganise cell adhesion and migration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:347. [PMID: 33431906 PMCID: PMC7801617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin-1 is a key component of the multiprotein adhesion complexes which mediate cell migration, adhesion and integrin signalling and has been linked to cancer in several studies. We analysed talin-1 mutations reported in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database and developed a bioinformatics pipeline to predict the severity of each mutation. These predictions were then assessed using biochemistry and cell biology experiments. With this approach we were able to identify several talin-1 mutations affecting integrin activity, actin recruitment and Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 localization. We explored potential changes in talin-1 signalling responses by assessing impact on migration, invasion and proliferation. Altogether, this study describes a pipeline approach of experiments for crude characterization of talin-1 mutants in order to evaluate their functional effects and potential pathogenicity. Our findings suggest that cancer related point mutations in talin-1 can affect cell behaviour and so may contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifeh Azizi
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alana R Cowell
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
| | - Vasyl V Mykuliak
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK.
| | - Paula Turkki
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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25
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Abstract
More than 250 proteins are associated with the formation of integrin adhesion complexes involving a vast number of complex interactions between them. These interactions enable adhesions to serve as dynamic and diverse mechanosignaling centers. Our laboratory focuses on the biochemical and structural study of these interactions to help unpick this complex network. Here, we describe the general pipeline of biochemical assays and methods we use. The chapter is split into two sections: (1) protein production and characterization and (2) biochemical assays for the characterization of binding between full-length proteins and/or specific regions of proteins with other proteins, peptides, and phospholipids. The suite of assays we use routinely includes circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for sample quality assessment, prior to biochemical analysis using NMR, fluorescence polarization (FP), microscale thermophoresis (MST), size-exclusion chromatography multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), and pulldown/cosedimentation-based approaches. The results of our analysis feed into in vivo studies that allow for the elucidation of the biological role of each interaction.
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26
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Khan RB, Goult BT. Adhesions Assemble!-Autoinhibition as a Major Regulatory Mechanism of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:144. [PMID: 31921890 PMCID: PMC6927945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cell-cell and cell-extracellular adhesion enabled cells to interact in a coherent manner, forming larger structures and giving rise to the development of tissues, organs and complex multicellular life forms. The development of such organisms required tight regulation of dynamic adhesive structures by signaling pathways that coordinate cell attachment. Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides cells with support, survival signals and context-dependent cues that enable cells to run different cellular programs. One mysterious aspect of the process is how hundreds of proteins assemble seemingly spontaneously onto the activated integrin. An emerging concept is that adhesion assembly is regulated by autoinhibition of key proteins, a highly dynamic event that is modulated by a variety of signaling events. By enabling precise control of the activation state of proteins, autoinhibition enables localization of inactive proteins and the formation of pre-complexes. In response to the correct signals, these proteins become active and interact with other proteins, ultimately leading to development of cell-matrix junctions. Autoinhibition of key components of such adhesion complexes—including core components integrin, talin, vinculin, and FAK and important peripheral regulators such as RIAM, Src, and DLC1—leads to a view that the majority of proteins involved in complex assembly might be regulated by intramolecular interactions. Autoinhibition is relieved via multiple different signals including post-translation modification and proteolysis. More recently, mechanical forces have been shown to stabilize and increase the lifetimes of active conformations, identifying autoinhibition as a means of encoding mechanosensitivity. The complexity and scope for nuanced adhesion dynamics facilitated via autoinhibition provides numerous points of regulation. In this review, we discuss what is known about this mode of regulation and how it leads to rapid and tightly controlled assembly and disassembly of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina B Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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27
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Haage A, Goodwin K, Whitewood A, Camp D, Bogutz A, Turner CT, Granville DJ, Lefebvre L, Plotnikov S, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. Talin Autoinhibition Regulates Cell-ECM Adhesion Dynamics and Wound Healing In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2401-2416.e5. [PMID: 30485809 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in multicellular organisms are arranged in complex three-dimensional patterns. This requires both transient and stable adhesions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrin adhesion receptors bind ECM ligands outside the cell and then, by binding the protein talin inside the cell, assemble an adhesion complex connecting to the cytoskeleton. The activity of talin is controlled by several mechanisms, but these have not been well studied in vivo. By generating mice containing the activating point mutation E1770A in talin (Tln1), which disrupts autoinhibition, we show that talin autoinhibition controls cell-ECM adhesion, cell migration, and wound healing in vivo. In particular, blocking autoinhibition gives rise to more mature, stable focal adhesions that exhibit increased integrin activation. Mutant cells also show stronger attachment to ECM and decreased traction force. Overall, these results demonstrate that modulating talin function via autoinhibition is an important mechanism for regulating multiple aspects of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Austin Whitewood
- School of Biosciences, Giles Ln, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aaron Bogutz
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sergey Plotnikov
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, Giles Ln, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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28
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Bryce NS, Failes TW, Stehn JR, Baker K, Zahler S, Arzhaeva Y, Bischof L, Lyons C, Dedova I, Arndt GM, Gaus K, Goult BT, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Lock JG. High-Content Imaging of Unbiased Chemical Perturbations Reveals that the Phenotypic Plasticity of the Actin Cytoskeleton Is Constrained. Cell Syst 2019; 9:496-507.e5. [PMID: 31606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although F-actin has a large number of binding partners and regulators, the number of phenotypic states available to the actin cytoskeleton is unknown. Here, we quantified 74 features defining filamentous actin (F-actin) and cellular morphology in >25 million cells after treatment with a library of 114,400 structurally diverse compounds. After reducing the dimensionality of these data, only ∼25 recurrent F-actin phenotypes emerged, each defined by distinct quantitative features that could be machine learned. We identified 2,003 unknown compounds as inducers of actin-related phenotypes, including two that directly bind the focal adhesion protein, talin. Moreover, we observed that compounds with distinct molecular mechanisms could induce equivalent phenotypes and that initially divergent cellular responses could converge over time. These findings suggest a conceptual parallel between the actin cytoskeleton and gene regulatory networks, where the theoretical plasticity of interactions is nearly infinite, yet phenotypes in vivo are constrained into a limited subset of practicable configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yulia Arzhaeva
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne Bischof
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, CSIRO Data 61, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Ciaran Lyons
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Irina Dedova
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
KANK proteins mediate cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix. KANKs interact with the integrin/actin-binding protein talin and with several components of microtubule-stabilizing cortical complexes. Because of actomyosin contractility, the talin-KANK complex is likely under mechanical force, and its mechanical stability is expected to be a critical determinant of KANK recruitment to focal adhesions. Here, we quantified the lifetime of the complex of the talin rod domain R7 and the KN domain of KANK1 under shear-force geometry and found that it can withstand forces for seconds to minutes over a physiological force range up to 10 pN. Complex stability measurements combined with cell biological experiments suggest that shear-force stretching promotes KANK1 localization to the periphery of focal adhesions. These results indicate that the talin-KANK1 complex is mechanically strong, enabling it to support the cross-talk between microtubule and actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , National University of Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Abstract
![]()
Life is an emergent property of transient
interactions between
biomolecules and other organic and inorganic molecules that somehow
leads to harmony and order. Measurement and quantitation of these
biological interactions are of value to scientists and are major goals
of biochemistry, as affinities provide insight into biological processes.
In an organism, these interactions occur in the context of forces
and the need for a consideration of binding affinities in the context
of a changing mechanical landscape necessitates a new way to consider
the biochemistry of protein–protein interactions. In the past
few decades, the field of mechanobiology has exploded, as both the
appreciation of, and the technical advances required to facilitate
the study of, how forces impact biological processes have become evident.
The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of force dependence
of biomolecular interactions and the requirement to be able to measure
force-dependent binding constants. The focus of this discussion will
be on the mechanotransduction that occurs at the integrin-mediated
adhesions with the extracellular matrix and the major mechanosensors
talin and vinculin. However, the approaches that the cell uses to
sense and respond to forces can be applied to other systems, and this
therefore provides a general discussion of the force dependence of
biomolecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NJ , U.K
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31
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Camp D, Haage A, Solianova V, Castle WM, Xu QA, Lostchuck E, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. Direct binding of Talin to Rap1 is required for cell-ECM adhesion in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.225144. [PMID: 30446511 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is essential for animal development and tissue maintenance. The cytoplasmic protein Talin (encoded by rhea in flies) is necessary for linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, and its recruitment is a key step in the assembly of the adhesion complex. However, the mechanisms that regulate Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion in vivo are still not well understood. Here, we show that Talin recruitment to, and maintenance at, sites of integrin-mediated adhesion requires a direct interaction between Talin and the GTPase Rap1. A mutation that blocks the direct binding of Talin to Rap1 abolished Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion and the resulting phenotype phenocopies that seen with null alleles of Talin. Moreover, we show that Rap1 activity modulates Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion via its direct binding to Talin. These results identify the direct Talin-Rap1 interaction as a key in vivo mechanism for controlling integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Amanda Haage
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William M Castle
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Qinyuan A Xu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Emily Lostchuck
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
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32
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Guttula D, Yao M, Baker K, Yang L, Goult BT, Doyle PS, Yan J. Calcium-mediated Protein Folding and Stabilization of Salmonella Biofilm-associated Protein A. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:433-443. [PMID: 30452884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated proteins (BAPs) are important for early biofilm formation (adhesion) by bacteria and are also found in mature biofilms. BapA from Salmonella is a ~386-kDa surface protein, comprising 27 tandem repeats predicted to be bacterial Ig-like (BIg) domains. Such tandem repeats are conserved for BAPs across different bacterial species, but the function of these domains is not completely understood. In this work, we report the first study of the mechanical stability of the BapA protein. Using magnetic tweezers, we show that the folding of BapA BIg domains requires calcium binding and the folded domains have differential mechanical stabilities. Importantly, we identify that >100 nM concentration of calcium is needed for folding of the BIg domains, and the stability of the folded BIg domains is regulated by calcium over a wide concentration range from sub-micromolar (μM) to millimolar (mM). Only at mM calcium concentrations, as found in the extracellular environment, do the BIg domains have the saturated mechanical stability. BapA has been suggested to be involved in Salmonella invasion, and it is likely a crucial mechanical component of biofilms. Therefore, our results provide new insights into the potential roles of BapA as a structural maintenance component of Salmonella biofilm and also Salmonella invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgarao Guttula
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 138602, Republic of Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore (NUS), 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore (NUS), 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Karen Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 138602, Republic of Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Jie Yan
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 138602, Republic of Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore (NUS), 117411, Republic of Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore (NUS), 117542, Republic of Singapore.
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33
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Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), mediated by transmembrane receptors of the integrin family, is exquisitely sensitive to biochemical, structural, and mechanical features of the ECM. Talin is a cytoplasmic protein consisting of a globular head domain and a series of α-helical bundles that form its long rod domain. Talin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of integrin β-subunits, activates integrins, couples them to the actin cytoskeleton, and regulates integrin signaling. Recent evidence suggests switch-like behavior of the helix bundles that make up the talin rod domains, where individual domains open at different tension levels, exerting positive or negative effects on different protein interactions. These results lead us to propose that talin functions as a mechanosensitive signaling hub that integrates multiple extracellular and intracellular inputs to define a major axis of adhesion signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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34
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Lagarrigue F, Gingras AR, Paul DS, Valadez AJ, Cuevas MN, Sun H, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Goult BT, Shattil SJ, Bergmeier W, Ginsberg MH. Rap1 binding to the talin 1 F0 domain makes a minimal contribution to murine platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2358-2368. [PMID: 30242097 PMCID: PMC6156890 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa; integrin αIIbβ3) leads to high-affinity fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation during hemostasis. Whereas GTP-bound Rap1 GTPase promotes talin 1 binding to the β3 cytoplasmic domain to activate platelet GPIIb-IIIa, the Rap1 effector that regulates talin association with β3 in platelets is unknown. Rap1 binding to the talin 1 F0 subdomain was proposed to forge the talin 1-Rap1 link in platelets. Here, we report a talin 1 point mutant (R35E) that significantly reduces Rap1 affinity without a significant effect on its structure or expression. Talin 1 head domain (THD) (R35E) was of similar potency to wild-type THD in activating αIIbβ3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Coexpression with activated Rap1b increased activation, and coexpression with Rap1GAP1 reduced activation caused by transfection of wild-type THD or THD(R35E). Furthermore, platelets from Tln1R35E/R35E mice showed similar GPIIb-IIIa activation to those from wild-type littermates in response to multiple agonists. Tln1R35E/R35E platelets exhibited slightly reduced platelet aggregation in response to low doses of agonists; however, there was not a significant hemostatic defect, as judged by tail bleeding times. Thus, the Rap1-talin 1 F0 interaction has little effect on platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation and hemostasis and cannot account for the dramatic effects of loss of Rap1 activity on these platelet functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S Paul
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew J Valadez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Monica N Cuevas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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35
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De Franceschi N, Miihkinen M, Hamidi H, Alanko J, Mai A, Picas L, Guzmán C, Lévy D, Mattjus P, Goult BT, Goud B, Ivaska J. ProLIF - quantitative integrin protein-protein interactions and synergistic membrane effects on proteoliposomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.214270. [PMID: 30072441 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin transmembrane receptors control a wide range of biological interactions by triggering the assembly of large multiprotein complexes at their cytoplasmic interface. Diverse methods have been used to investigate interactions between integrins and intracellular proteins, and predominantly include peptide-based pulldowns and biochemical immuno-isolations from detergent-solubilised cell lysates. However, quantitative methods to probe integrin-protein interactions in a more biologically relevant context where the integrin is embedded within a lipid bilayer have been lacking. Here, we describe 'protein-liposome interactions by flow cytometry' (denoted ProLIF), a technique to reconstitute recombinant integrin transmembrane domains (TMDs) and cytoplasmic tail (CT) fragments in liposomes as individual subunits or as αβ heterodimers and, via flow cytometry, allow rapid and quantitative measurement of protein interactions with these membrane-embedded integrins. Importantly, the assay can analyse binding of fluorescent proteins directly from cell lysates without further purification steps. Moreover, the effect of membrane composition, such as PI(4,5)P2 incorporation, on protein recruitment to the integrin CTs can be analysed. ProLIF requires no specific instrumentation and can be applied to measure a broad range of membrane-dependent protein-protein interactions with the potential for high-throughput/multiplex analyses.This article has associated First Person interviews with the first authors of the paper (see doi: 10.1242/jcs.223644 and doi: 10.1242/jcs.223719).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Franceschi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jonna Alanko
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anja Mai
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Picas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 168, Centre de Recherche, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 168, Centre de Recherche, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 168, Centre de Recherche, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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36
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Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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37
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Whitewood AJ, Singh AK, Brown DG, Goult BT. Chlamydial virulence factor TarP mimics talin to disrupt the talin-vinculin complex. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1751-1760. [PMID: 29710402 PMCID: PMC6001692 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a central component of mechanosensitive adhesive complexes that form between cells and the extracellular matrix. A myriad of infectious agents mimic vinculin binding sites (VBS), enabling them to hijack the adhesion machinery and facilitate cellular entry. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterisation of VBS from the chlamydial virulence factor TarP. Whilst the affinities of isolated VBS peptides from TarP and talin for vinculin are similar, their behaviour in larger fragments is markedly different. In talin, VBS are cryptic and require mechanical activation to bind vinculin, whereas the TarP VBS are located in disordered regions, and so are constitutively active. We demonstrate that the TarP VBS can uncouple talin:vinculin complexes, which may lead to adhesion destabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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38
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Bokhovchuk FM, Bate N, Kovalevskaya NV, Goult BT, Spronk CAEM, Vuister GW. The Structural Basis of Calcium-Dependent Inactivation of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 5 Channel. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2623-2635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fedir M. Bokhovchuk
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Nadezda V. Kovalevskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A. E. M. Spronk
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
- JSC Spronk, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Geerten W. Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Bate N, Caves RE, Skinner SP, Goult BT, Basran J, Mitcheson JS, Vuister GW. A Novel Mechanism for Calmodulin-Dependent Inactivation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 6. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2611-2622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Bate
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Caves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Skinner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Mitcheson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Geerten W. Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Collier MEW, Ettelaie C, Goult BT, Maraveyas A, Goodall AH. Investigation of the Filamin A-Dependent Mechanisms of Tissue Factor Incorporation into Microvesicles. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2034-2044. [PMID: 29044292 DOI: 10.1160/th17-01-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that phosphorylation of tissue factor (TF) at Ser253 increases the incorporation of TF into microvesicles (MVs) following protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) activation through a process involving filamin A, whereas phosphorylation of TF at Ser258 suppresses this process. Here, we examined the contribution of the individual phosphorylation of these serine residues to the interaction between filamin A and TF, and further examined how filamin A regulates the incorporation of TF into MVs. In vitro binding assays using recombinant filamin A C-terminal repeats 22-24 with biotinylated phospho-TF cytoplasmic domain peptides as bait showed that filamin A had the highest binding affinities for phospho-Ser253 and double-phosphorylated TF peptides, while the phospho-Ser258 TF peptide had the lowest affinity. Analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells using an in situ proximity ligation assay revealed increased proximity between the C-terminus of filamin A and TF following PAR2 activation, which was concurrent with Ser253 phosphorylation and TF-positive MV release from these cells. Knock-down of filamin A expression suppressed PAR2-mediated increases in cell surface TF procoagulant activity without reducing cell surface TF antigen expression. Disrupting lipid rafts by pre-incubation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prior to PAR2 activation reduced TF-positive MV release and cell surface TF procoagulant activity to the same extent as filamin A knock-down. In conclusion, this study shows that the interaction between TF and filamin A is dependent on the differential phosphorylation of Ser253 and Ser258. Furthermore, the interaction of TF with filamin A may translocate cell surface TF to cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, increasing cell surface TF activity as well as TF incorporation and release into MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E W Collier
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Section, School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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41
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Qi L, Jafari N, Li X, Chen Z, Li L, Hytönen VP, Goult BT, Zhan CG, Huang C. Talin2-mediated traction force drives matrix degradation and cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:3661-3674. [PMID: 27694340 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin binds to β-integrin tails to activate integrins, regulating cell migration, invasion and metastasis. There are two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2, encoding talin1 and talin2, respectively. Talin1 regulates focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration and invasion, whereas the biological function of talin2 is not clear and, indeed, talin2 has been presumed to function redundantly with talin1. Here, we show that talin2 has a much stronger binding to β-integrin tails than talin1. Replacement of talin2 Ser339 with Cys significantly decreased its binding to β1-integrin tails to a level comparable to that of talin1. Talin2 localizes at invadopodia and is indispensable for the generation of traction force and invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation. Ablation of talin2 suppressed traction force generation and invadopodia formation, which were restored by re-expressing talin2 but not talin1. Furthermore, re-expression of wild-type talin2 (but not talin2S339C) in talin2-depleted cells rescued development of traction force and invadopodia. These results suggest that a strong interaction of talin2 with integrins is required to generate traction, which in turn drives invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation, which is key to cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Naser Jafari
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liqing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Kumar A, Ouyang M, Van den Dries K, McGhee EJ, Tanaka K, Anderson MD, Groisman A, Goult BT, Anderson KI, Schwartz MA. Correction: Talin tension sensor reveals novel features of focal adhesion force transmission and mechanosensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 214:231. [PMID: 27432899 PMCID: PMC4949446 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20151001207062016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Bouchet BP, Gough RE, Ammon YC, van de Willige D, Post H, Jacquemet G, Altelaar AM, Heck AJ, Goult BT, Akhmanova A. Talin-KANK1 interaction controls the recruitment of cortical microtubule stabilizing complexes to focal adhesions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27410476 PMCID: PMC4995097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell polarity and migration. Microtubules regulate the turnover of adhesion sites, and, in turn, focal adhesions promote the cortical microtubule capture and stabilization in their vicinity, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that cortical microtubule stabilization sites containing CLASPs, KIF21A, LL5β and liprins are recruited to focal adhesions by the adaptor protein KANK1, which directly interacts with the major adhesion component, talin. Structural studies showed that the conserved KN domain in KANK1 binds to the talin rod domain R7. Perturbation of this interaction, including a single point mutation in talin, which disrupts KANK1 binding but not the talin function in adhesion, abrogates the association of microtubule-stabilizing complexes with focal adhesions. We propose that the talin-KANK1 interaction links the two macromolecular assemblies that control cortical attachment of actin fibers and microtubules. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.001 Animal cells are organized into tissues and organs. A scaffold-like framework outside of the cells called the extracellular matrix provides support to the cells and helps to hold them in place. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix via structures called focal adhesions on the cell surface; these structures contain a protein called talin. For a cell to be able to move, the existing focal adhesions must be broken down and new adhesions allowed to form. This process is regulated by the delivery and removal of different materials along fibers called microtubules. Microtubules can usually grow and shrink rapidly, but near focal adhesions they are captured at the surface of the cell and become more stable. However, it is not clear how focal adhesions promote microtubule capture and stability. Bouchet et al. found that a protein called KANK1 binds to the focal adhesion protein talin in human cells grown in a culture dish. This allows KANK1 to recruit microtubules to the cell surface around the focal adhesions by binding to particular proteins that are associated with microtubules. Disrupting the interaction between KANK1 and talin by making small alterations in these two proteins blocked the ability of focal adhesions to capture surrounding microtubules. The next step following on from this work will be to find out whether this process also takes place in the cells within an animal’s body, such as a fly or a mouse. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Post
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Af Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Talin, a force-bearing cytoplasmic adapter essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion, links the actin cytoskeleton to integrin-based cell-extracellular matrix adhesions at the plasma membrane. Its C-terminal rod domain, which contains 13 helical bundles, plays important roles in mechanosensing during cell adhesion and spreading. However, how the structural stability and transition kinetics of the 13 helical bundles of talin are utilized in the diverse talin-dependent mechanosensing processes remains poorly understood. Here we report the force-dependent unfolding and refolding kinetics of all talin rod domains. Using experimentally determined kinetics parameters, we determined the dynamics of force fluctuation during stretching of talin under physiologically relevant pulling speeds and experimentally measured extension fluctuation trajectories. Our results reveal that force-dependent stochastic unfolding and refolding of talin rod domains make talin a very effective force buffer that sets a physiological force range of only a few pNs in the talin-mediated force transmission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin Klapholz
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Downing street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Xian Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Yingjian Guo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Peiwen Cong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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45
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Zacharchenko T, Qian X, Goult BT, Jethwa D, Almeida TB, Ballestrem C, Critchley DR, Lowy DR, Barsukov IL. LD Motif Recognition by Talin: Structure of the Talin-DLC1 Complex. Structure 2016; 24:1130-41. [PMID: 27265849 PMCID: PMC4938799 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration requires coordination between integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and force applied to adhesion sites. Talin plays a key role in coupling integrin receptors to the actomyosin contractile machinery, while deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a Rho GAP that binds talin and regulates Rho, and therefore actomyosin contractility. We show that the LD motif of DLC1 forms a helix that binds to the four-helix bundle of the talin R8 domain in a canonical triple-helix arrangement. We demonstrate that the same R8 surface interacts with the paxillin LD1 and LD2 motifs. We identify key charged residues that stabilize the R8 interactions with LD motifs and demonstrate their importance in vitro and in cells. Our results suggest a network of competitive interactions in adhesion complexes that involve LD motifs, and identify mutations that can be used to analyze the biological roles of specific protein-protein interactions in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Devina Jethwa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Teresa B Almeida
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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46
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Kumar A, Ouyang M, Van den Dries K, McGhee EJ, Tanaka K, Anderson MD, Groisman A, Goult BT, Anderson KI, Schwartz MA. Talin tension sensor reveals novel features of focal adhesion force transmission and mechanosensitivity. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:371-83. [PMID: 27161398 PMCID: PMC4862330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-dependent adhesions are mechanosensitive structures in which talin mediates a linkage to actin filaments either directly or indirectly by recruiting vinculin. Here, we report the development and validation of a talin tension sensor. We find that talin in focal adhesions is under tension, which is higher in peripheral than central adhesions. Tension on talin is increased by vinculin and depends mainly on actin-binding site 2 (ABS2) within the middle of the rod domain, rather than ABS3 at the far C terminus. Unlike vinculin, talin is under lower tension on soft substrates. The difference between central and peripheral adhesions requires ABS3 but not vinculin or ABS2. However, differential stiffness sensing by talin requires ABS2 but not vinculin or ABS3. These results indicate that central versus peripheral adhesions must be organized and regulated differently, and that ABS2 and ABS3 have distinct functions in spatial variations and stiffness sensing. Overall, these results shed new light on talin function and constrain models for cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Koen Van den Dries
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ewan James McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Marie D Anderson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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47
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Yao M, Goult BT, Sheetz MP, Yan J. The Mechanical Properties of Talin Rod Domain. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Wang Y, Goult BT, Yao M, Yan J. Mechano-Sensitive Interaction between Talin and Full-Length Vinculin. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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49
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Villari G, Jayo A, Zanet J, Fitch B, Serrels B, Frame M, Stramer BM, Goult BT, Parsons M. A direct interaction between fascin and microtubules contributes to adhesion dynamics and cell migration. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4601-14. [PMID: 26542021 PMCID: PMC4696496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-binding and bundling protein that is highly upregulated in most epithelial cancers. Fascin promotes cell migration and adhesion dynamics in vitro and tumour cell metastasis in vivo. However, potential non-actin bundling roles for fascin remain unknown. Here, we show for the first time that fascin can directly interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton and that this does not depend upon fascin-actin bundling. Microtubule binding contributes to fascin-dependent control of focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration speed. We also show that fascin forms a complex with focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Src, and that this signalling pathway lies downstream of fascin-microtubule association in the control of adhesion stability. These findings shed light on new non actin-dependent roles for fascin and might have implications for the design of therapies to target fascin in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jennifer Zanet
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Briana Fitch
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Margaret Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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50
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Atherton P, Stutchbury B, Wang DY, Jethwa D, Tsang R, Meiler-Rodriguez E, Wang P, Bate N, Zent R, Barsukov IL, Goult BT, Critchley DR, Ballestrem C. Vinculin controls talin engagement with the actomyosin machinery. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10038. [PMID: 26634421 PMCID: PMC4686655 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between extracellular-matrix-bound integrins and intracellular F-actin is essential for cell spreading and migration. Here, we demonstrate how the actin-binding proteins talin and vinculin cooperate to provide this link. By expressing structure-based talin mutants in talin null cells, we show that while the C-terminal actin-binding site (ABS3) in talin is required for adhesion complex assembly, the central ABS2 is essential for focal adhesion (FA) maturation. Thus, although ABS2 mutants support cell spreading, the cells lack FAs, fail to polarize and exert reduced force on the surrounding matrix. ABS2 is inhibited by the preceding mechanosensitive vinculin-binding R3 domain, and deletion of R2R3 or expression of constitutively active vinculin generates stable force-independent FAs, although cell polarity is compromised. Our data suggest a model whereby force acting on integrin-talin complexes via ABS3 promotes R3 unfolding and vinculin binding, activating ABS2 and locking talin into an actin-binding configuration that stabilizes FAs. The mechanosensitive proteins talin and vinculin mediate the linkage between integrin-bound extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Here the authors dissect distinct roles for two actin-binding sites within talin on adhesion complex assembly and maturation, which are regulated by vinculin binding to talin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben Stutchbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - De-Yao Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Devina Jethwa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ricky Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Pengbo Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Roy Zent
- Vanderbilt Centre for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt Division of Nephrology, S-3223 Medical Centre, North Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, KENT CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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