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Li B, Wang Z, Zhou H, Zou J, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. N6-methyladenosine methylation in ophthalmic diseases: From mechanisms to potential applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23668. [PMID: 38192819 PMCID: PMC10772099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as the most common modification method in eukaryotes, is widely involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, malignancy, immune regulation, and premature aging. Under pathological conditions of ocular diseases, changes in m6A modification and its metabolism can be detected in aqueous and vitreous humor. At the same time, an increasing number of studies showed that m6A modification is involved in the normal development of eye structures and the occurrence and progress of many ophthalmic diseases, especially ocular neovascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and melanoma. In this review, we summarized the latest progress regarding m6A modification in ophthalmic diseases, changes in m6A modification-related enzymes in various pathological states and their upstream and downstream regulatory networks, provided new prospects for m6A modification in ophthalmic diseases and new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Haixiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Zhou J, Sun X, Chen X, Liu H, Miao X, Guo Y, Fan Z, Li J, Xu Y, Li Z. Phosphatidic acid-enabled MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration: Translational implication in liver failure. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:256-272. [PMID: 38261867 PMCID: PMC10793099 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration following injury aids the restoration of liver mass and the recovery of liver function. In the present study we investigated the contribution of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), a transcriptional modulator, to liver regeneration. We report that both MKL1 expression and its nuclear translocation correlated with hepatocyte proliferation in cell and animal models of liver regeneration and in liver failure patients. Mice with MKL1 deletion exhibited defective regenerative response in the liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to program pro-regenerative transcription. MAPKAPK2 mediated phosphorylation primed MKL1 for its interaction with E2F1. Of interest, phospholipase d2 promoted MKL1 nuclear accumulation and liver regeneration by catalyzing production of phosphatidic acid (PA). PA administration stimulated hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced survival in a MKL1-dependent manner in a pre-clinical model of liver failure. Finally, PA levels was detected to be positively correlated with expression of pro-regenerative genes and inversely correlated with liver injury in liver failure patients. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration. Screening for small-molecule compounds boosting MKL1 activity may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252200, China
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Li J, Kalev‐Zylinska ML. Advances in molecular characterization of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia not associated with Down syndrome; impact on therapy development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170622. [PMID: 37325571 PMCID: PMC10267407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which leukemic blasts have megakaryocytic features. AMKL makes up 4%-15% of newly diagnosed pediatric AML, typically affecting young children (less than 2 years old). AMKL associated with Down syndrome (DS) shows GATA1 mutations and has a favorable prognosis. In contrast, AMKL in children without DS is often associated with recurrent and mutually exclusive chimeric fusion genes and has an unfavorable prognosis. This review mainly summarizes the unique features of pediatric non-DS AMKL and highlights the development of novel therapies for high-risk patients. Due to the rarity of pediatric AMKL, large-scale multi-center studies are needed to progress molecular characterization of this disease. Better disease models are also required to test leukemogenic mechanisms and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Maggie L. Kalev‐Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Jehanno C, Le Page Y, Flouriot G, Le Goff P, Michel D. Synergistic activation of genes promoting invasiveness by dual deprivation in oxygen and nutrients. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:64-75. [PMID: 36694990 PMCID: PMC10009306 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
By depriving cancer cells of blood supplies of oxygen and nutrients, anti-angiogenic therapy is aimed at simultaneously asphyxiating and starving the cells. But in spite of its apparent logic, this strategy is generally counterproductive over the long term as the treatment seems to elicit malignancy. Since a defect of blood supply is expected to deprive tumours simultaneously of oxygen and nutrients naturally, we examine here these two deprivations, alone or in combination, on the phenotype and signalling pathways of moderately aggressive MCF7 cancer cells. Each deprivation induces some aspects of the aggressive and migratory phenotypes through activating several pathways, including HIF1-alpha as expected, but also SRF/MRTFA and TCF4/beta-catenin. Strikingly, the dual deprivation has strong cooperative effects on the upregulation of genes increasing the metastatic potential, such as four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) and HIF1A-AS2 lncRNA, which have response elements for both pathways. Using anti-angiogenic agents as monotherapy is therefore questionable as it may give falsely promising short-term tumour regression, but could ultimately exacerbate aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Jehanno
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset UMR 1085, Rennes, France.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yann Le Page
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset UMR 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset UMR 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Le Goff
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset UMR 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Michel
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset UMR 1085, Rennes, France
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Melcher ML, Block I, Kropf K, Singh AK, Posern G. Interplay of the transcription factor MRTF-A and matrix stiffness controls mammary acinar structure and protrusion formation. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:158. [PMID: 36229824 PMCID: PMC9563482 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ongoing differentiation processes characterize the mammary gland during sexual development and reproduction. In contrast, defective remodelling is assumed to be causal for breast tumorigenesis. We have shown recently that the myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) is essential for forming regular hollow acinar structures. Moreover, MRTF-A activity is known to depend on the biochemical and physical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix. In this study we analysed the mutual interaction of different matrix stiffnesses and MRTF-A activities on formation and maintenance of mammary acini. Methods Human MCF10A acini and primary mature organoids isolated from murine mammary glands were cultivated in 3D on soft and stiff matrices (200–4000 Pa) in conjunction with the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway inhibitor CCG-203971 and genetic activation of MRTF-A. Results Three-dimensional growth on stiff collagen matrices (> 3000 Pa) was accompanied by increased MRTF-A activity and formation of invasive protrusions in acini cultures of human mammary MCF10A cells. Differential coating and synthetic hydrogels indicated that protrusion formation was attributable to stiffness but not the biochemical constitution of the matrix. Stiffness-induced protrusion formation was also observed in preformed acini isolated from murine mammary glands. Acinar outgrowth in both the MCF10A acini and the primary organoids was partially reverted by treatment with the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway inhibitor CCG-203971. However, genetic activation of MRTF-A in the mature primary acini also reduced protrusion formation on stiff matrices, whilst it strongly promoted luminal filling matrix-independently. Conclusion Our results suggest an intricate crosstalk between matrix stiffness and MRTF-A, whose activity is required for protrusion formation and sufficient for luminal filling of mammary acini. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00977-2. Formation of mammary acini depends on crosstalk between matrix stiffness and MRTF-A
Increased matrix stiffness elevates MRTF-A activity and protrusion formation Protrusion formation of MCF10A-derived and primary murine acini is MRTF-dependent
Genetic MRTF-A activation in primary organoids is sufficient for luminal filling
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Melcher
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ines Block
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karolin Kropf
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Zhang X, Zhang A, Zhang X, Hu S, Bao Z, Zhang Y, Jiang X, He H, Zhang TC. ERa-36 instead of ERa mediates the stimulatory effects of estrogen on the expression of viral oncogenes HPV E6/E7 and the malignant phenotypes in cervical cancer cells. Virus Res 2021; 306:198602. [PMID: 34662680 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative factor of cervical cancer. In addition, estrogen and its receptors are also involved in the development of carcinogenesis. The canonical estrogen receptor ERα is frequently deficient while its variant ERα-36 is highly expressed in cervical cancer cells. The biological significance for this receptor transition from ERα to ERα-36 remains unclear. In the present study, the results of RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that ERα and ERα-36 function antagonistically on the expression of the viral oncogenes HPV E6 and E7. At mRNA and protein levels, ERα inhibited HPV E6/E7 expression whereas ERα-36 stimulated HPV E6/E7 expression. Overexpression of ERα-36 promoted cell proliferation while reintroduction of ERα into cervical cancer cells did not significantly affect cell proliferation which is in line with the different effects of . ERα-36 and ERα on the expression of cell cycle regulator, namely p53, p21 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, ERα suppressed whereas ERα-36 promoted the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, which should be related to the oppositive roles of ERα and ERα-36 in the Wnt/β-catenin/MRTF-A signaling pathway which is activated by HPV E7. Results of this study suggest that ERα functions as a tumor suppressor whereas ERα-36 is an oncoprotein in cervical cancer cells. ERα deficiency together with ERα-36 overexpression might enhance the expression of HPV E6/E7 genes and facilitate the development of cervical cancer. Targeting ERα-36 with selective antagonists should be a promising strategy for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Aowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shiyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhenghao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hongpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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7
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Miranda MZ, Lichner Z, Szászi K, Kapus A. MRTF: Basic Biology and Role in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116040. [PMID: 34204945 PMCID: PMC8199744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A lesser known but crucially important downstream effect of Rho family GTPases is the regulation of gene expression. This major role is mediated via the cytoskeleton, the organization of which dictates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of a set of transcription factors. Central among these is myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), which upon actin polymerization translocates to the nucleus and binds to its cognate partner, serum response factor (SRF). The MRTF/SRF complex then drives a large cohort of genes involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, contractility, extracellular matrix organization and many other processes. Accordingly, MRTF, activated by a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli, affects a plethora of functions with physiological and pathological relevance. These include cell motility, development, metabolism and thus metastasis formation, inflammatory responses and—predominantly-organ fibrosis. The aim of this review is twofold: to provide an up-to-date summary about the basic biology and regulation of this versatile transcriptional coactivator; and to highlight its principal involvement in the pathobiology of kidney disease. Acting through both direct transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, MRTF plays a key (yet not fully appreciated) role in the induction of a profibrotic epithelial phenotype (PEP) as well as in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, prime pathomechanisms in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zena Miranda
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108050. [PMID: 32814053 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactome maps are valuable resources to elucidate protein function and disease mechanisms. Here, we report on an interactome map that focuses on neurodegenerative disease (ND), connects ∼5,000 human proteins via ∼30,000 candidate interactions and is generated by systematic yeast two-hybrid interaction screening of ∼500 ND-related proteins and integration of literature interactions. This network reveals interconnectivity across diseases and links many known ND-causing proteins, such as α-synuclein, TDP-43, and ATXN1, to a host of proteins previously unrelated to NDs. It facilitates the identification of interacting proteins that significantly influence mutant TDP-43 and HTT toxicity in transgenic flies, as well as of ARF-GEP100 that controls misfolding and aggregation of multiple ND-causing proteins in experimental model systems. Furthermore, it enables the prediction of ND-specific subnetworks and the identification of proteins, such as ATXN1 and MKL1, that are abnormally aggregated in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting widespread protein aggregation in NDs.
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Liu H, Yin Y, Liu T, Gao Y, Ye Q, Yan J, Ha F. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 regulates the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via miR-3619-5p/MKL1 axis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:187-197. [PMID: 32156248 PMCID: PMC7982070 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Plasma cell tumor heterotopic gene 1 (PVT1) is an intergenic long non-coding RNA that is aberrantly expressed in different cancers. Myocardin-related transcription factor A or megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor that has been shown to promote cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the relationship between PVT1 and MKL1 as a novel regulatory mechanism underlying HCC progression. We used HepG2 and Cos-7 cell lines. Transfection experiments with miR-3619-5p mimics/inhibitor, PVT1, siRNA-PVT1, MKL1, or siRNA-MKL1 were performed. RNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell migration was assessed by transwell assay. Luciferase assays, RNA-FISH, RNA immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to confirm the interaction between PVT1, miR-3619-5p, and MKL1 in HCC cells. Overexpression of PVT1 was positively correlated with MKL1 upregulation, which promoted HepG2 cell migration. miR-3619-5p inhibited MKL1 expression in HCC cells by acting on its 3′-UTR. Furthermore, PVT1 promoted MKL1 expression and migration in HCC cells by directly binding to miR-3619-5p. In a positive feedback loop, MKL1 could activate PVT1 transcription by binding to the CArG box in the promoter region. Our findings may provide a basis for the development of novel targeted therapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanying Gao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Ye
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Junqing Yan
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Fushuang Ha
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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10
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Wang Y, Min P, Qi C, Zhao S, Yu M, Zhang Y, Du J. MICAL2 Facilitates Gastric Cancer Cell Migration via MRTF-A-Mediated CDC42 Activation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:568868. [PMID: 33842533 PMCID: PMC8024553 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.568868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Hypothesis: Cell migration is driven by the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Although MICAL2 is known to mediate the oxidation of actin filaments to regulate F-actin dynamics, relatively few studies have investigated the potential role of MICAL2 during cancer cell migration. Methods: The migratory ability of gastric cancer cells was measured by wound healing and transwell assays. The relationship between MICAL2 expression and MRTF-A nuclear localization was analyzed using gene overexpression and knockdown strategies. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by DCFH-DA staining. mRNA and protein levels of MMP9 were measured using qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. The activities of CDC42 and RhoA were assessed using pulldown assays. Results: Depletion of MICAL2 markedly reduced gastric cancer cell migration. Mechanistically, silencing of MICAL2 inhibited the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A in response to EGF and serum stimulation, whereas the contents of MRTF-A remained unchanged. Further analysis showed that silencing of MICAL2 decreased the activation of CDC42 as well as mRNA and protein levels of MMP9. Ectopic expression of MICAL2 augmented MRTF-A levels in the nucleus, and promoted the activation of CDC42, MMP9 expression, and gastric cancer cell migration. Moreover, silencing of MRTF-A inhibited the CDC42 activation induced by overexpression of MICAL2. In addition, MICAL2-induced ROS generation contributed to the effect exerted by MICAL2 on MRTF-A nuclear translocation. Conclusion: Together, these results provide evidence that MICAL2 facilitates gastric cancer cell migration via positive regulation of nuclear translocation of MRTF-A and subsequent CDC42 activation and MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengxiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxiang Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Reed F, Larsuel ST, Mayday MY, Scanlon V, Krause DS. MRTFA: A critical protein in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and beyond. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100543. [PMID: 33722605 PMCID: PMC8079280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) is a coactivator of serum response factor, a transcription factor that participates in several critical cellular functions including cell growth and apoptosis. MRTFA couples transcriptional regulation to actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and the transcriptional targets of the MRTFA–serum response factor complex include genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins as well as immediate early genes. Previous work has shown that MRTFA promotes the differentiation of many cell types, including various types of muscle cells and hematopoietic cells, and MRTFA's interactions with other protein partners broaden its cellular roles. However, despite being first identified as part of the recurrent t(1;22) chromosomal translocation in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, the mechanisms by which MRTFA functions in malignant hematopoiesis have yet to be defined. In this review, we provide an in-depth examination of the structure, regulation, and known functions of MRTFA with a focus on hematopoiesis. We conclude by identifying areas of study that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Reed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon T Larsuel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Madeline Y Mayday
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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12
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Mastio J, Saeed MB, Wurzer H, Krecke M, Westerberg LS, Thomas C. Higher Incidence of B Cell Malignancies in Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Combination of Intrinsic Genomic Instability and Exocytosis Defects at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581119. [PMID: 33240268 PMCID: PMC7680899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital defects of the immune system called primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) describe a group of diseases characterized by a decrease, an absence, or a malfunction of at least one part of the immune system. As a result, PID patients are more prone to develop life-threatening complications, including cancer. PID currently include over 400 different disorders, however, the variety of PID-related cancers is narrow. We discuss here reasons for this clinical phenotype. Namely, PID can lead to cell intrinsic failure to control cell transformation, failure to activate tumor surveillance by cytotoxic cells or both. As the most frequent tumors seen among PID patients stem from faulty lymphocyte development leading to leukemia and lymphoma, we focus on the extensive genomic alterations needed to create the vast diversity of B and T lymphocytes with potential to recognize any pathogen and why defects in these processes lead to malignancies in the immunodeficient environment of PID patients. In the second part of the review, we discuss PID affecting tumor surveillance and especially membrane trafficking defects caused by altered exocytosis and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. As an impairment of these membrane trafficking pathways often results in dysfunctional effector immune cells, tumor cell immune evasion is elevated in PID. By considering new anti-cancer treatment concepts, such as transfer of genetically engineered immune cells, restoration of anti-tumor immunity in PID patients could be an approach to complement standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mastio
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Mezida B Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Max Krecke
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clément Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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13
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Yin L, Liu T, Li C, Yan G, Li C, Zhang J, Wang L. The MRTF-A/miR-155/SOX1 pathway mediates gastric cancer migration and invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:303. [PMID: 32675943 PMCID: PMC7353767 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is closely related to metastasis. MRTF-A is one of the most well-characterized genetic markers in cancer. However, the mechanism whereby MRTF-A mediate gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis is not fully clear. Increasing evidence has confirmed that miRNA dysregulation is involved in MRTF-A-mediated tumorigenesis, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets for cancer. Although miR-155 has been reported as an upregulated miRNA, the interplay between miR-155 and MRTF-A-mediated gastric cancer progression remain largely elusive. Methods Real-time PCR was performed to determine miR-155 expression after transfected with MRTF-A encoding plasmids and siRNA. Potential target genes were identified by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Chip assay was proved that MRTF-A binds in the promoter region of miR-155. Transwell assay and Scratch-healing migration assay was used to investigate the role of MRTF-A and SOX1 in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Results MRTF-A can interact with the miR-155 promoter to promote histone acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment via the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. miR-155 promotes gastric cancer cell migration by suppressing SOX1 expressiom by targeting its 3′UTR in vitro and in vivo. MRTF-A inhibited the inhibitory effects of SOX1 on gastric cancer cell migration by promoting the express -ion of miR-155. Conclusion Our data therefore provide important and novel insights into how the MRTF-A/miR-155/SOX1 pathway mediates migration and invasion in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Chenyao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
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Tang J, Zou J, Zhang X, Fan M, Tian Q, Fu S, Gao S, Fan S. PretiMeth: precise prediction models for DNA methylation based on single methylation mark. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:364. [PMID: 32414326 PMCID: PMC7227319 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The computational prediction of methylation levels at single CpG resolution is promising to explore the methylation levels of CpGs uncovered by existing array techniques, especially for the 450 K beadchip array data with huge reserves. General prediction models concentrate on improving the overall prediction accuracy for the bulk of CpG loci while neglecting whether each locus is precisely predicted. This leads to the limited application of the prediction results, especially when performing downstream analysis with high precision requirements. Results Here we reported PretiMeth, a method for constructing precise prediction models for each single CpG locus. PretiMeth used a logistic regression algorithm to build a prediction model for each interested locus. Only one DNA methylation feature that shared the most similar methylation pattern with the CpG locus to be predicted was applied in the model. We found that PretiMeth outperformed other algorithms in the prediction accuracy, and kept robust across platforms and cell types. Furthermore, PretiMeth was applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA), the intensive analysis based on precise prediction results showed that several CpG loci and genes (differentially methylated between the tumor and normal samples) were worthy for further biological validation. Conclusion The precise prediction of single CpG locus is important for both methylation array data expansion and downstream analysis of prediction results. PretiMeth achieved precise modeling for each CpG locus by using only one significant feature, which also suggested that our precise prediction models could be probably used for reference in the probe set design when the DNA methylation beadchip update. PretiMeth is provided as an open source tool via https://github.com/JxTang-bioinformatics/PretiMeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Tang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jianxiao Zou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei Fan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qi Tian
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shuyao Fu
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shihong Gao
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shicai Fan
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. .,Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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15
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Zhang HM, Li H, Wang GX, Wang J, Xiang Y, Huang Y, Shen C, Dai ZT, Li JP, Zhang TC, Liao XH. MKL1/miR-5100/CAAP1 loop regulates autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Neoplasia 2020; 22:220-230. [PMID: 32315812 PMCID: PMC7167518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose miR-5100 participates in the proliferation of lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cells, and participates in the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the regulation of gastric cancer cells in gastric cancer cells remains unclear. Experimental design The blood of patients was collected to detect the expression level of miR-5100, and the apoptosis and autophagy levels of cells were detected using western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal. At the same time, in vitro tumor formation experiments in nude mice were used to verify the results of in vitro experiments. Results The expression of miR-5100 is related to the prognosis of gastric cancer, miR-5100 can enhance the apoptosis level of gastric cancer cells and inhibit the occurrence of autophagy by targeting CAAP1. MKL1 can inhibit the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and promote the occurrence of autophagy by targeting CAAP1. At the same time, MKL1 can also increase the expression of miR-5100. Conclusions Our research reveals the mechanism by which the MKL1/miR-5100/CAAP1 loop regulates apoptosis and autophagy levels in gastric cancer cells, and miR-5100 is expected to become a new potential target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Gen-Xin Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - You Huang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Chao Shen
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Zhou-Tong Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Jia-Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China.
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430000, PR China.
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16
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation requires the trithorax protein Ash2l. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8262. [PMID: 31164666 PMCID: PMC6547667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of core histones participate in controlling the expression of genes. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4), together with acetylation of H3K27, is closely associated with open chromatin and gene transcription. H3K4 methylation is catalyzed by KMT2 lysine methyltransferases that include the mixed-lineage leukemia 1–4 (MLL1-4) and SET1A and B enzymes. For efficient catalysis, all six require a core complex of four proteins, WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30. We report that targeted disruption of Ash2l in the murine hematopoietic system results in the death of the mice due to a rapid loss of mature hematopoietic cells. However, lin−Sca1+Kit+ (LSK) cells, which are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cells, accumulated in the bone marrow. The loss of Ash2l resulted in global reduction of H3K4 methylation and deregulated gene expression, including down-regulation of many mitosis-associated genes. As a consequence, LSK cells accumulated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle and were unable to proliferate and differentiate. In conclusion, Ash2l is essential for balanced gene expression and for hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cell physiology.
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17
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Role of AMPK signalling pathway during compensatory growth in pigs. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:682. [PMID: 30223793 PMCID: PMC6142327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular basis of compensatory growth in monogastric animals has not yet been fully explored. Herewith, in this study we aim to determine changes in the pig skeletal muscle transcriptome profile during compensatory growth following a feed restriction period. A RNA-Seq experiment was performed with a total of 24 females belonging to a Duroc commercial line. Half of the animals received either a restricted (RE) or ad libitum (AL) diet during the first fattening period (60–125 d of age). After that, all gilts were fed ad libitum for a further ~30 d until the age of ~155 d, when animals were slaughtered and samples of gluteus medius muscle were harvested to perform RNA-Seq analyses and intramuscular fat content determination. Results During the period following food restriction, RE animals re-fed ad libitum displayed compensatory growth, showed better feed conversion rate and tended to deposit more subcutaneous fat than AL fed animals. Animals were slaughtered in the phase of accelerated growth, when RE animals had not completely compensated the performance of AL group, showing lower live and carcass weights. At intramuscular level, RE gilts showed a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids during the compensatory growth phase. The comparison of RE and AL expression profiles allowed the identification of 86 (ǀlog2Fold-Changeǀ > 1, padj < 0.05) differentially expressed (DE) genes. A functional categorization of these DE genes identified AMPK Signaling as the most significantly enriched canonical pathway. This kinase plays a key role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis as well as in the activation of autophagy. Among the DE genes identified as components of AMPK Signaling pathway, five out of six genes were downregulated in RE pigs. Conclusions Animals re-fed after a restriction period exhibited a less oxidative metabolic profile and catabolic processes in muscle than animals fed ad libitum. The downregulation of autophagy observed in the skeletal muscle of pigs undergoing compensatory growth may constitute a mechanism to increase muscle mass thus ensuring an accelerated growth rate. These results reveal that the downregulation of AMPK Signaling plays an important role in compensatory growth in pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5071-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Xu Y, Luo Y, Liang C, Xing W, Zhang T. A regulation loop between Nrf1α and MRTF-A controls migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2459-2468. [PMID: 30106093 PMCID: PMC6192731 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a strong transactivator of promoters containing CarG boxes, myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) is critical for the process of metastasis in tumor cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (Nrf1) is well known as an important regulator of oxidative stress, which exists in multiple splicing forms with many unknown functions. The present study demonstrated a novel regulation loop between Nrf1α (the longest splicing form of Nrf1) and MRTF-A that regulated the migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The underlying mechanism of this regulation look was further investigated. In particular, Nrf1α inhibited migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through inhibiting the expression of MRTF-A via miR-219. The current results revealed that miR-219 could bind to the MRTF-A 3′-UTR to directly regulate its expression. However, MRTF-A could reverse activate the Nrf1α expression through binding to the CarG box in the Nrf1α promoter. It can be speculated that this regulation loop may be a homeostasis mechanism in cells against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Xing
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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19
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Flister MJ, Bergom C. Genetic Modifiers of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:429-444. [PMID: 29860987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nonmalignant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact breast cancer risk, metastasis, and response to therapy, yet most heritable mechanisms that influence TME cell function and breast cancer outcomes are largely unknown. Breast cancer risk is ∼30% heritable and >170 genetic loci have been associated with breast cancer traits. However, the majority of candidate genes have poorly defined mechanistic roles in breast cancer biology. Research indicates that breast cancer risk modifiers directly impact cancer cells, yet it is equally plausible that some modifier alleles impact the nonmalignant TME. The objective of this review is to examine the list of current breast cancer candidate genes that may modify breast cancer risk and outcome through the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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20
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Zheng P, Yin Z, Wu Y, Xu Y, Luo Y, Zhang TC. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes cell migration and invasion by regulating MKL1 via inhibition miR206 expression in HeLa cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:5. [PMID: 29391067 PMCID: PMC5796349 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a new and crucial layer of gene regulation in recent years and regulate various biological processes such as carcinogenesis and metastasis. LncRNA HOTAIR, an oncogenic lncRNA, is involved in human tumorigenesis and dysregulated in cervical cancer. Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1), as a transcription coactivity factor, involved in cancer metastasis and cell differentiation. However, the precise mechanism of biological roles of HOTAIR and MKL1 in cancer cells remain unclear. Methods The expression levels of HOTAIR and MKL1 were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to examine the invasive abilities of HeLa cells. Luciferase reporter assays and CHIP were used to determine how MKL1 regulates HOTAIR. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the correlation between HOTAIR and MKL1 in Cervical cancer tissues in vivo. Result In this study, we have identified that MKL1 had a role in the induction of migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, the expression level of MKL1, as the targeting gene of miR206, was decreased after HOTAIR inhibition in HeLa cells. Agreement with it, Highly level of MKL1 correlation with HOTAIR is validated in cervical cancer tissues. Importantly, HOTAIR is observed to participate in the silencing of miR206 expression. Interestingly, HOTAIR inhibition could also accelerate the expression of MKL1 in cytoplasm. What is more, MKL1 can activate the transcription of HOTAIR through binding the CArG box in the promoter of HOTAIR. Conclusion These elucidates that the phenotypic effects of migration and invasion observed after HOTAIR inhibition, at least in part, through the regulation of MKL1 via inhibition of miR206 expression in HeLa cells. These data indicate the existence of a positive feedback loop between HOTAIR and MKL1. Together, these findings suggest that MKL1 is an important player in the functions of HOTAIR in the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0216-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- College of Life Science and Healthy, Wuhan University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Ze Yin
- College of Life Science and Healthy, Wuhan University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Life Science and Healthy, Wuhan University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Healthy, Wuhan University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Healthy, Wuhan University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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21
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Weghorn D, Sunyaev S. Bayesian inference of negative and positive selection in human cancers. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1785-1788. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Krawczyk KM, Hansson J, Nilsson H, Krawczyk KK, Swärd K, Johansson ME. Injury induced expression of caveolar proteins in human kidney tubules - role of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:320. [PMID: 29065889 PMCID: PMC5655893 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolae are membrane invaginations measuring 50–100 nm. These organelles, composed of caveolin and cavin proteins, are important for cellular signaling and survival. Caveolae play incompletely defined roles in human kidneys. Induction of caveolin-1/CAV1 in diseased tubules has been described previously, but the responsible mechanism remains to be defined. Methods Healthy and atrophying human kidneys were stained for caveolar proteins, (caveolin 1–3 and cavin 1–4) and examined by electron microscopy. Induction of caveolar proteins was studied in isolated proximal tubules and primary renal epithelial cells. These cells were challenged with hypoxia or H2O2. Primary tubular cells were also subjected to viral overexpression of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) and MKL1 inhibition by the MKL1 inhibitor CCG-1423. Putative coregulators of MKL1 activity were investigated by Western blotting for suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) and filamin A (FLNA). Finally, correlative bioinformatic studies of mRNA expression of caveolar proteins and MKL1 were performed. Results In healthy kidneys, caveolar proteins were expressed by the parietal epithelial cells (PECs) of Bowman’s capsule, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle. Electron microscopy confirmed caveolae in the PECs. No expression was seen in proximal tubules. In contrast, caveolar proteins were expressed in proximal tubules undergoing atrophy. Caveolar proteins were also induced in cultures of primary epithelial tubular cells. Expression was not enhanced by hypoxia or free radical stress (H2O2), but proved sensitive to inhibition of MKL1. Viral overexpression of MKL1 induced caveolin-1/CAV1, caveolin-2/CAV2 and SDPR/CAVIN2. In kidney tissue, the mRNA level of MKL1 correlated with the mRNA levels for caveolin-1/CAV1, caveolin-2/CAV2 and the archetypal MKL1 target tenascin C (TNC), as did the MKL1 coactivator FLNA. Costaining for TNC as readout for MKL1 activity demonstrated overlap with caveolin-1/CAV1 expression in PECs as well as in atrophic segments of proximal tubules. Conclusions Our findings support the view that MKL1 contributes to the expression of caveolar proteins in healthy kidneys and orchestrates the induction of tubular caveolar proteins in renal injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-017-0738-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Krawczyk
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Lund University, SUS Malmö, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helén Nilsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Lund University, SUS Malmö, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Martin E Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Lund University, SUS Malmö, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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MRTF-A-miR-206-WDR1 form feedback loop to regulate breast cancer cell migration. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:394-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Seifert A, Posern G. Tightly controlled MRTF-A activity regulates epithelial differentiation during formation of mammary acini. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:68. [PMID: 28592291 PMCID: PMC5463372 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF) A and B link actin dynamics and mechanotransduction to gene expression. In mice, MRTF-A is involved in mammary gland differentiation, but its role in human mammary epithelial cells remains unclear. Methods Three-dimensional cultures of human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells were used to model acinar morphogenesis. Stable MRTF-A knockdown, MRTF-A/B rescue and MRTF-A/B overexpression was established to characterize the functional role during morphogenesis using confocal microscopy and expression analysis. Breast cancer patient databases were analyzed for MRTF-A expression. Results We showed that a precise temporal control of MRTFs is required for normal morphogenesis of MCF10A mammary acini. MRTF transcriptional activity, but not their protein amounts, is transiently induced during 3D acini formation. MRTF-A knockdown dramatically reduces acini size and prevents lumen formation. These effects are rescued by re-expression of MRTF-A, and partially by MRTF-B. Conversely, overexpression of MRTF-A and MRTF-B increases acini size, resulting in irregular spheroids without lumen and defective apico-basal polarity. These phenotypes correlate with deregulated expression of cell cycle inhibitors p21/Waf1, p27/Kip1 and altered phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. In MRTF overexpressing spheroids, proliferation and apoptosis are simultaneously increased at late stages, whilst neither occurs in control acini. MRTFs interfere with anoikis of the inner cells and cause an integrin switch from α6 to α5, repression of E-cadherin and induction of mesenchymal markers vimentin, Snai2 and Zeb1. Moreover, MRTF-overexpressing spheroids are insensitive to alteration in matrix stiffness. In two breast cancer cohorts, high expression of MRTF-A and known target genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Conclusion MRTF-A is required for proliferation and formation of mammary acini from luminal epithelial cells. Conversely, elevated MRTF activity results in pre-malignant spheroid formation due to defective proliferation, polarity loss and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0860-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Seifert
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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25
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Xu W, Xu H, Fang M, Wu X, Xu Y. MKL1 links epigenetic activation of MMP2 to ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:500-508. [PMID: 28385531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Responding to pro-metastatic cues such as low oxygen tension, cancer cells develop several different strategies to facilitate migration and invasion. During this process, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are up-regulated so that cancer cells can more easily enter or exit the circulation. In this report we show that message levels of the transcriptional modulator MKL1 were elevated in malignant forms of ovarian cancer tissues in humans when compared to more benign forms accompanying a similar change in MMP2 expression. MKL1 silencing blocked hypoxia-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) in vitro. Over-expression of MKL1 activated while MKL1 depletion repressed MMP2 transcription in SKOV-3 cells. MKL1 was recruited to the MMP2 promoter by NF-κB in response to hypoxia. Mechanistically, MKL1 recruited a histone methyltransferase, SET1, and a chromatin remodeling protein, BRG1, and coordinated their interaction to alter the chromatin structure surrounding the MMP2 promoter leading to transcriptional activation. Both BRG1 and SET1 were essential for hypoxia-induced MMP2 trans-activation. Finally, expression levels of SET1 and BRG1 were positively correlated with ovarian cancer malignancies in humans. Together, our data suggest that MKL1 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by epigenetically activating MMP2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Jehanno C, Flouriot G, Nicol-Benoît F, Le Page Y, Le Goff P, Michel D. Envisioning metastasis as a transdifferentiation phenomenon clarifies discordant results on cancer. Breast Dis 2017; 36:47-59. [PMID: 27177343 DOI: 10.3233/bd-150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is generally conceived as a dedifferentiation process in which quiescent post-mitotic differentiated cells acquire stem-like properties and the capacity to proliferate. This view holds for the initial stages of carcinogenesis but is more questionable for advanced stages when the cells can transdifferentiate into the contractile phenotype associated to migration and metastasis. Singularly from this perspective, the hallmark of the most aggressive cancers would correspond to a genuine differentiation status, even if it is different from the original one. This seeming paradox could help reconciling discrepancies in the literature about the pro- or anti-tumoral functions of candidate molecules involved in cancer and whose actual effects depend on the tumoral grade. These ambiguities which are likely to concern a myriad of molecules and pathways, are illustrated here with the selected examples of chromatin epigenetics and myocardin-related transcription factors, using the human MCF10A and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Self-renewing stem like cells are characterized by a loose chromatin with low levels of the H3K9 trimetylation, but high levels of this mark can also appear in cancer cells acquiring a contractile-type differentiation state associated to metastasis. Similarly, the myocardin-related transcription factor MRTF-A is involved in metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas this factor is naturally enriched in the quiescent cells which are precisely the most resistant to cancer: cardiomyocytes. These seeming paradoxes reflect the bistable epigenetic landscape of cancer in which dedifferentiated self-renewing and differentiated migrating states are incompatible at the single cell level, though coexisting at the population level.
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27
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Li N, Yuan Q, Cao XL, Zhang Y, Min ZL, Xu SQ, Yu ZJ, Cheng J, Zhang C, Hu XM. Opposite effects of HDAC5 and p300 on MRTF-A-related neuronal apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2624. [PMID: 28230854 PMCID: PMC5386465 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study has revealed that the myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) is involved in the apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and histone acetyltransferase p300 (P300) are two well-known regulators for transcription factors; however, their roles in MRTF-A-related effect on neuronal injuries during I/R are still unclear. In this study, in a model rat cerebral I/R injury via middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, we found that the expression and activity of HDAC5 was upregulated, whereas p300 and MRTF-A were downregulated both in expression and activity during I/R. Their expression changes and the interaction of the MRTF-A with HDAC5 or p300 were further verified by double immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. In cultured neuronal apoptosis model induced by H2O2, MRTF-A exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect by enhancing the transcription of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 via CArG box binding. MRTF-A-induced anti-apoptotic effect was effectively inhibited by HDAC5, but was significantly enhanced by p300. The results suggest that both HDAC5 and p300 are involved in MRTF-A-mediated effect on neuronal apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion injury, but with opposite effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Zhen-Li Min
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China.,Drug Research Base of Cardiovascular and Cerebral Vascular, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
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Everson EM, Olzsko ME, Leap DJ, Hocum JD, Trobridge GD. A comparison of foamy and lentiviral vector genotoxicity in SCID-repopulating cells shows foamy vectors are less prone to clonal dominance. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:16048. [PMID: 27579335 PMCID: PMC4988344 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy using retroviral vectors has immense potential, but vector-mediated genotoxicity limits use in the clinic. Lentiviral vectors are less genotoxic than gammaretroviral vectors and have become the vector of choice in clinical trials. Foamy retroviral vectors have a promising integration profile and are less prone to read-through transcription than gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors. Here, we directly compared the safety and efficacy of foamy vectors to lentiviral vectors in human CD34(+) repopulating cells in immunodeficient mice. To increase their genotoxic potential, foamy and lentiviral vectors with identical transgene cassettes with a known genotoxic spleen focus forming virus promoter were used. Both vectors resulted in efficient marking in vivo and a total of 825 foamy and 460 lentiviral vector unique integration sites were recovered in repopulating cells 19 weeks after transplantation. Foamy vector proviruses were observed less often near RefSeq gene and proto-oncogene transcription start sites than lentiviral vectors. The foamy vector group were also more polyclonal with fewer dominant clones (two out of six mice) than the lentiviral vector group (eight out of eight mice), and only lentiviral vectors had integrants near known proto-oncogenes in dominant clones. Our data further support the relative safety of foamy vectors for HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Everson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Miles E Olzsko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - David J Leap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jonah D Hocum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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29
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Bell ES, Lammerding J. Causes and consequences of nuclear envelope alterations in tumour progression. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:449-464. [PMID: 27397692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes in the size and shape of the nucleus are highly prevalent in cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the functional relevance remain poorly understood. Nuclear envelope proteins, which can modulate nuclear shape and organization, have emerged as key components in a variety of signalling pathways long implicated in tumourigenesis and metastasis. The expression of nuclear envelope proteins is altered in many cancers, and changes in levels of nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C are associated with poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. In this review we highlight the role of the nuclear envelope in different processes important for tumour initiation and cancer progression, with a focus on lamins A and C. Lamin A/C controls many cellular processes with key roles in cancer, including cell invasion, stemness, genomic stability, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and resistance to mechanical stress. In addition, we discuss potential mechanisms mediating the changes in lamin levels observed in many cancers. A better understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between lamin expression and tumour progression could reveal important mechanisms for coordinated regulation of oncogenic processes, and indicate therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be exploited for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bell
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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30
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Horowitz JC, Osterholzer JJ, Marazioti A, Stathopoulos GT. "Scar-cinoma": viewing the fibrotic lung mesenchymal cell in the context of cancer biology. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1842-54. [PMID: 27030681 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01201-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis are common, yet distinct, pathological processes that represent urgent unmet medical needs. Striking clinical and mechanistic parallels exist between these distinct disease entities. The goal of this article is to examine lung fibrosis from the perspective of cancer-associated phenotypic hallmarks, to discuss areas of mechanistic overlap and distinction, and to highlight profibrotic mechanisms that contribute to carcinogenesis. Ultimately, we speculate that such comparisons might identify opportunities to leverage our current understanding of the pathobiology of each disease process in order to advance novel therapeutic approaches for both. We anticipate that such "outside the box" concepts could be translated to a more precise and individualised approach to fibrotic diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John J Osterholzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonia Marazioti
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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31
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Mehrian-Shai R, Yalon M, Moshe I, Barshack I, Nass D, Jacob J, Dor C, Reichardt JKV, Constantini S, Toren A. Identification of genomic aberrations in hemangioblastoma by droplet digital PCR and SNP microarray highlights novel candidate genes and pathways for pathogenesis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 26768750 PMCID: PMC4712606 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic mechanisms underlying hemangioblastoma development are still largely unknown. We used high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and droplet digital PCR analysis to detect copy number variations (CNVs) in total of 45 hemangioblastoma tumors. Results We identified 94 CNVs with a median of 18 CNVs per sample. The most frequently gained regions were on chromosomes 1 (p36.32) and 7 (p11.2). These regions contain the EGFR and PRDM16 genes. Recurrent losses were located at chromosome 12 (q24.13), which includes the gene PTPN11. Conclusions Our findings provide the first high-resolution genome-wide view of chromosomal changes in hemangioblastoma and identify 23 candidate genes: EGFR, PRDM16, PTPN11, HOXD11, HOXD13, FLT3, PTCH, FGFR1, FOXP1, GPC3, HOXC13, HOXC11, MKL1, CHEK2, IRF4, GPHN, IKZF1, RB1, HOXA9, and micro RNA, such as hsa-mir-196a-2 for hemangioblastoma pathogenesis. Furthermore, our data implicate that cell proliferation and angiogenesis promoting pathways may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of hemangioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruty Mehrian-Shai
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Itai Moshe
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Dvorah Nass
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Jasmine Jacob
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Chen Dor
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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32
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Watanabe B, Minami S, Ishida H, Yoshioka R, Nakagawa Y, Morita T, Hayashi K. Stereospecific Inhibitory Effects of CCG-1423 on the Cellular Events Mediated by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor A. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136242. [PMID: 26295164 PMCID: PMC4546662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CCG-1423 suppresses several pathological processes including cancer cell migration, tissue fibrosis, and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. These suppressions are caused by inhibition of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), which is a critical factor for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). CCG-1423 can therefore be a potent inhibitor for EMT. CCG-1423 and related compounds, CCG-100602 and CCG-203971 possess similar biological activities. Although these compounds are comprised of two stereoisomers, the differences in their biological activities remain to be assessed. To address this issue, we stereoselectively synthesized optically pure isomers of these compounds and validated their biological activities. The S-isomer of CCG-1423 rather than the R-isomer exhibited modestly but significantly higher inhibitory effects on the cellular events triggered by MRTF-A activation including serum response factor-mediated gene expression and cell migration of fibroblasts and B16F10 melanoma cells. Accordingly, the S-isomer of CCG-1423 more potently blocked the serum-induced nuclear import of MRTF-A than the R-isomer. No such difference was observed in cells treated with each of two stereoisomers of CCG-100602 or CCG-203971. We previously reported that the N-terminal basic domain (NB), which functions as a nuclear localization signal of MRTF-A, is a binding site for CCG-1423. Consistent with the biological activities of two stereoisomers of CCG-1423, docking simulation demonstrated that the S-isomer of CCG-1423 was more likely to bind to NB than the R-isomer. This is a first report demonstrating the stereospecific biological activities of CCG-1423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Saki Minami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Toabo Corporation Co., Ltd., Crystal Tower 18F, 2-27, 1-Chome, Shiromi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-6018, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Yoshioka
- NAHLS Co., Ltd., Room 2203, Kyodai Katsura Venture Plaza South Building, 1-39 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Hayashi
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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A novel inhibitory mechanism of MRTF-A/B on the ICAM-1 gene expression in vascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10627. [PMID: 26024305 PMCID: PMC4448521 DOI: 10.1038/srep10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and MRTF-B in vascular endothelial cells are not completely understood. Here, we found a novel regulatory mechanism for MRTF-A/B function. MRTF-A/B tend to accumulate in the nucleus in arterial endothelial cells in vivo and human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) in vitro. In HAoECs, nuclear localization of MRTF-A/B was not significantly affected by Y27632 or latrunculin B, primarily due to the reduced binding of MRTF-A/B to G-actin and in part, to the low level of MRTF-A phosphorylation by ERK. MRTF-A/B downregulation by serum depletion or transfection of siRNA against MRTF-A and/or MRTF-B induced ICAM-1 expression in HAoECs. It is known that nuclear import of nuclear factor−κB (NF−κB) plays a key role in ICAM-1 gene transcription. However, nuclear accumulation of NF−κB p65 was not observed in MRTF-A/B-depleted HAoECs. Our present findings suggest that MRTF-A/B inhibit ICAM-1 mRNA expression by forming a complex with NF−κB p65 in the nucleus. Conversely, downregulation of MRTF-A/B alleviates this negative regulation without further translocation of NF−κB p65 into the nucleus. These results reveal the novel roles of MRTF-A/B in the homeostasis of vascular endothelium.
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34
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Takeda H, Wei Z, Koso H, Rust AG, Yew CCK, Mann MB, Ward JM, Adams DJ, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes and evolutionary forces driving gastrointestinal tract tumor progression. Nat Genet 2015; 47:142-50. [PMID: 25559195 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genes and evolutionary forces driving colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, we performed Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screens in mice carrying sensitizing mutations in genes that act at different stages of tumor progression. This approach allowed us to identify a set of genes that appear to be highly relevant for CRC and to provide a better understanding of the evolutionary forces and systems properties of CRC. We also identified six genes driving malignant tumor progression and a new human CRC tumor-suppressor gene, ZNF292, that might also function in other types of cancer. Our comprehensive CRC data set provides a resource with which to develop new therapies for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Takeda
- 1] Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [2] Department of Oncologic Pathology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Zhubo Wei
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hideto Koso
- 1] Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [2] Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christopher Chin Kuan Yew
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Michael B Mann
- 1] Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [2] Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Neal G Copeland
- 1] Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [2] Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- 1] Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. [2] Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Eisenach PA, Schikora F, Posern G. Inhibition of arginyltransferase 1 induces transcriptional activity of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and promotes directional migration. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35376-87. [PMID: 25381249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.578674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MAL/MKL1/BSAC) regulates the expression of serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent target genes in response to the Rho-actin signaling pathway. Overexpression or activation of MRTF-A affects shape, migration, and invasion of cells and contributes to human malignancies, including cancer. In this study, we report that inhibition of arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1), an enzyme mediating post-transcriptional protein arginylation, is sufficient to increase MRTF-A activity in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells independently of external growth factor stimuli. In addition, silencing or inhibiting ATE1 disrupted E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts, enhanced formation of actin-rich protrusions, and increased the number of focal adhesions, subsequently leading to elevated chemotactic migration. Although arginylated actin did not differentially affect MRTF-A, a rapid loss of E-cadherin and F-actin reorganization preceded MRTF-A activation upon ATE1 inhibition. Conversely, ectopic ATE1 expression was sufficient to render MRTF-A inactive, both in resting cells and in cells with exogenously activated RhoA-actin pathways. In this study, we provide a critical link between protein arginylation and MRTF-A activity and place ATE1 upstream of myocardin-related transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Eisenach
- From the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale) and the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franziska Schikora
- From the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale) and
| | - Guido Posern
- From the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale) and
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Transient α-helices in the disordered RPEL motifs of the serum response factor coactivator MKL1. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5224. [PMID: 24909411 PMCID: PMC4048911 DOI: 10.1038/srep05224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator of the serum response factor. MKL1 has three RPEL motifs (RPEL1, RPEL2, and RPEL3) in its N-terminal region. MKL1 binds to monomeric G-actin through RPEL motifs, and the dissociation of MKL1 from G-actin promotes the translocation of MKL1 to the nucleus. Although structural data are available for RPEL motifs of MKL1 in complex with G-actin, the structural characteristics of RPEL motifs in the free state have been poorly defined. Here we characterized the structures of free RPEL motifs using NMR and CD spectroscopy. NMR and CD measurements showed that free RPEL motifs are largely unstructured in solution. However, NMR analysis identified transient α-helices in the regions where helices α1 and α2 are induced upon binding to G-actin. Proline mutagenesis showed that the transient α-helices are locally formed without helix-helix interactions. The helix content is higher in the order of RPEL1, RPEL2, and RPEL3. The amount of preformed structure may correlate with the binding affinity between the intrinsically disordered protein and its target molecule.
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Kerdivel G, Boudot A, Habauzit D, Percevault F, Demay F, Pakdel F, Flouriot G. Activation of the MKL1/actin signaling pathway induces hormonal escape in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:34-44. [PMID: 24721635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is generally considered to be a good prognostic marker because almost 70% of ERα-positive tumors respond to anti-hormone therapies. Unfortunately, during cancer progression, mammary tumors can escape from estrogen control, resulting in resistance to treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of the actin/megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) signaling pathway promotes the hormonal escape of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines. The actin/MKL1 signaling pathway is silenced in differentiated ERα-positive breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines and active in ERα-negative HMT-3522 T4-2 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We showed that MKL1 activation in MCF-7 cells, either by modulating actin dynamics or using MKL1 mutants, down-regulates ERα expression and abolishes E2-dependent cell growth. Interestingly, the constitutively active form of MKL1 represses PR and HER2 expression in these cells and increases the expression of HB-EGF, TGFβ, and amphiregulin growth factors in an E2-independent manner. The resulting expression profile (ER-, PR-, HER2-) typically corresponds to the triple-negative breast cancer expression profile.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Estradiol/physiology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenneg Kerdivel
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Boudot
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic Percevault
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Demay
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- University of Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail, IRSET, INSERM U1085, Team TREC, Biosit, Rennes, France.
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RPEL proteins are the molecular targets for CCG-1423, an inhibitor of Rho signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89016. [PMID: 24558465 PMCID: PMC3928398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–msenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with cancer and tissue fibrosis. The nuclear accumulation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MAL/MKL1) plays a vital role in EMT. In various cells treated with CCG-1423, a novel inhibitor of Rho signaling, the nuclear accumulation of MRTF-A is inhibited. However, the molecular target of this inhibitor has not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this effect of CCG-1423. The interaction between MRTF-A and importin α/β1 was inhibited by CCG-1423, but monomeric G-actin binding to MRTF-A was not inhibited. We coupled Sepharose with CCG-1423 (CCG-1423 Sepharose) to investigate this mechanism. A pull-down assay using CCG-1423 Sepharose revealed the direct binding of CCG-1423 to MRTF-A. Furthermore, we found that the N-terminal basic domain (NB) of MRTF-A, which acts as a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) of MRTF-A, was the binding site for CCG-1423. G-actin did not bind to CCG-1423 Sepharose, but the interaction between MRTF-A and CCG-1423 Sepharose was reduced in the presence of G-actin. We attribute this result to the high binding affinity of MRTF-A for G-actin and the proximity of NB to G-actin-binding sites (RPEL motifs). Therefore, when MRTF-A forms a complex with G-actin, the binding of CCG-1423 to NB is expected to be blocked. NF-E2 related factor 2, which contains three distinct basic amino acid-rich NLSs, did not bind to CCG-1423 Sepharose, but other RPEL-containing proteins such as MRTF-B, myocardin, and Phactr1 bound to CCG-1423 Sepharose. These results suggest that the specific binding of CCG-1423 to the NLSs of RPEL-containing proteins. Our proposal to explain the inhibitory action of CCG-1423 is as follows: When the G-actin pool is depleted, CCG-1423 binds specifically to the NLS of MRTF-A/B and prevents the interaction between MRTF-A/B and importin α/β1, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear import of MRTF-A/B.
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SAP domain-dependent Mkl1 signaling stimulates proliferation and cell migration by induction of a distinct gene set indicative of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:22. [PMID: 24495796 PMCID: PMC3933235 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of death of breast cancer patients is not the primary tumor itself but the metastatic disease. Identifying breast cancer-specific signatures for metastasis and learning more about the nature of the genes involved in the metastatic process would 1) improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and 2) reveal new therapeutic targets. Previous studies showed that the transcriptional regulator megakaryoblastic leukemia-1 (Mkl1) induces tenascin-C expression in normal and transformed mammary epithelial cells. Tenascin-C is known to be expressed in metastatic niches, is highly induced in cancer stroma and promotes breast cancer metastasis to the lung. Methods Using HC11 mammary epithelial cells overexpressing different Mkl1 constructs, we devised a subtractive transcript profiling screen to identify the mechanism by which Mkl1 induces a gene set co-regulated with tenascin-C. We performed computational analysis of the Mkl1 target genes and used cell biological experiments to confirm the effect of these gene products on cell behavior. To analyze whether this gene set is prognostic of accelerated cancer progression in human patients, we used the bioinformatics tool GOBO that allowed us to investigate a large breast tumor data set linked to patient data. Results We discovered a breast cancer-specific set of genes including tenascin-C, which is regulated by Mkl1 in a SAP domain-dependent, serum response factor-independent manner and is strongly implicated in cell proliferation, cell motility and cancer. Downregulation of this set of transcripts by overexpression of Mkl1 lacking the SAP domain inhibited cell growth and cell migration. Many of these genes are direct Mkl1 targets since their promoter-reporter constructs were induced by Mkl1 in a SAP domain-dependent manner. Transcripts, most strongly reduced in the absence of the SAP domain were mechanoresponsive. Finally, expression of this gene set is associated with high-proliferative poor-outcome classes in human breast cancer and a strongly reduced survival rate for patients independent of tumor grade. Conclusions This study highlights a crucial role for the transcriptional regulator Mkl1 and its SAP domain during breast cancer progression. We identified a novel gene set that correlates with bad prognosis and thus may help in deciding the rigor of therapy.
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Zhang C, Luo X, Liu L, Guo S, Zhao W, Mu A, Liu Z, Wang N, Zhou H, Zhang T. Myocardin-related transcription factor A is up-regulated by 17β-estradiol and promotes migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells via transactivation of MYL9 and CYR61. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:921-7. [PMID: 24084383 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence have suggested that estrogen plays important roles not only in the initiation and proliferation of breast cancer, but also in cancer metastasis. However, the mechanistic basis of the latter events is poorly understood. In addition, recent studies have suggested that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) might be related to cancer metastasis. However, as reports are contradictory, certain of its roles still remain confusing. In the present study, we showed that excessive 17β-estradiol could promote the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and up-regulate the expression of MRTF-A, myosin regulatory light chain 9 (MYL9), and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). Overexpression of MRTF-A significantly promoted the migration of MCF-7 cells through its transactivation effects on MYL9 and CYR61 genes, while RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MRTF-A strongly inhibited transcription and expression of the target genes and reduced the migration ability of MCF-7 cells. These results provided novel evidence supporting the metastasis-promoting functions of MRTF-A, and implied that MRTF-A might be a switch for the estrogen pathway to change its proliferation-promoting roles into migration-stimulating roles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Luo XG, Zhang CL, Zhao WW, Liu ZP, Liu L, Mu A, Guo S, Wang N, Zhou H, Zhang TC. Histone methyltransferase SMYD3 promotes MRTF-A-mediated transactivation of MYL9 and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:129-137. [PMID: 24189459 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) is a Rho signal-responsive transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF). Recent studies indicated that MRTF-A might be an important regulator of mammary gland and be involved in cancer metastasis. However, the roles of histone modification in the MRTF-A-dependent signal pathway and tumor migration are still not very clear. Here, we report that histone methylation is required for the MRTF-A-mediated upregulation of myosin regulatory light chain 9 (MYL9), an important cytoskeletal component which is implicated in cell migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SET and MYND domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3), a hitone methyltransferase (HMT) associated with carcinogenesis, might be the one which is responsible for the histone methylation occurred in the MRTF-A-mediated- transactivation of MYL9 and migration of breast cancer cells. Overexpression of SMYD3 promotes MRTF-A-mediated upregulation of MYL9 and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while contrary results were observed when the endogenous MRTF-A and SMYD3 were suppressed with specific siRNAs. In addition, the mutation analysis suggested that this cooperative transactivation is mainly mediated via the proximal binding element of MRTF-A in the promoter of MYL9, and the HMT activity of SMYD3 is required as well. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which MRTF-A and SMYD3 functions in transcriptional regulation and cell migration, and provide a better understanding for metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ai Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China; School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
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Günther T, Coop G. Robust identification of local adaptation from allele frequencies. Genetics 2013; 195:205-20. [PMID: 23821598 PMCID: PMC3761302 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparing allele frequencies among populations that differ in environment has long been a tool for detecting loci involved in local adaptation. However, such analyses are complicated by an imperfect knowledge of population allele frequencies and neutral correlations of allele frequencies among populations due to shared population history and gene flow. Here we develop a set of methods to robustly test for unusual allele frequency patterns and correlations between environmental variables and allele frequencies while accounting for these complications based on a Bayesian model previously implemented in the software Bayenv. Using this model, we calculate a set of "standardized allele frequencies" that allows investigators to apply tests of their choice to multiple populations while accounting for sampling and covariance due to population history. We illustrate this first by showing that these standardized frequencies can be used to detect nonparametric correlations with environmental variables; these correlations are also less prone to spurious results due to outlier populations. We then demonstrate how these standardized allele frequencies can be used to construct a test to detect SNPs that deviate strongly from neutral population structure. This test is conceptually related to FST and is shown to be more powerful, as we account for population history. We also extend the model to next-generation sequencing of population pools-a cost-efficient way to estimate population allele frequencies, but one that introduces an additional level of sampling noise. The utility of these methods is demonstrated in simulations and by reanalyzing human SNP data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel populations and pooled next-generation sequencing data from Atlantic herring. An implementation of our method is available from http://gcbias.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Günther
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Graham Coop
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Ziesche R, Golec M, Samaha E. The RESOLVE concept: approaching pathophysiology of fibroproliferative disease in aged individuals. Biogerontology 2013; 14:679-85. [PMID: 23948800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After reaching adulthood, orderly repair is probably one of the most important mechanisms throughout lifetime. Regular wound healing after an injury consists of a well-ordered sequence of overlapping phases of repair and essentially repeats the complex process of organ development. Organ failure in the ageing organism frequently represents the lost capacity to achieve an orderly reactivation of organ development, yet in varying and complex pathologic settings. One of the most aggressive manifestations of age-dependent and dysbalanced wound healing is a disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Essentially, the disease replaces functional lung tissue with spreading scar tissue over a period of just 5 years. By a systematic comparison of wound healing conditions, the large-scale collaborative FP7-EU project RESOLVE has addressed these difficulties in a successful way. Background and outlining of the project are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Ziesche
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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Development of Hodgkin lymphoma in homozygotic triplets with constitutional deletion in MKL1. Blood 2013; 121:4807. [PMID: 23744493 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-469031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nicol-Benoît F, Le-Goff P, Le-Dréan Y, Demay F, Pakdel F, Flouriot G, Michel D. Epigenetic memories: structural marks or active circuits? Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2189-203. [PMID: 22331281 PMCID: PMC11114908 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of living systems is the management and the storage of information through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although the notion of epigenetics was originally given to any regulation beyond DNA sequence, it has often been restricted to chromatin modifications, supposed to behave as cis-markers, specifying the sets of genes to be expressed or repressed. This definition does not take into account the initial view of epigenetics, based on nonlinear interaction networks whose "attractors" can remain stable without need for any chromatin mark. In addition, most chromatin modifications are the steady state resultants of highly dynamic modification and de-modification activities and, as such, seem poorly appropriate to work as long-term memory keepers. Instead, the basic support of epigenetic memory could remain the attractors, to which chromatin modifications belong as do many other components. The influence of chromatin modifications in memory is highly questionable when envisioned as static structural marks, but can be recovered under the dynamic circuitry perspective, thanks to their self-templating properties. Beside their standard repressive or permissive functions, chromatin modifications can also influence transcription in multiple ways such as: (1) by randomizing or inversely stabilizing gene expression, (2) by mediating cooperativity between pioneer and secondary transcription factors, and (3) in the hysteresis and the ultrasensitivity of gene expression switches, allowing the cells to take unambiguous transcriptional decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Nicol-Benoît
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Pascale Le-Goff
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Yves Le-Dréan
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Florence Demay
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Denis Michel
- Université de Rennes1, Irset. IFR-GFAS Campus de Beaulieu. Bat.13, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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LMO7 mediates cell-specific activation of the Rho-myocardin-related transcription factor-serum response factor pathway and plays an important role in breast cancer cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:3223-40. [PMID: 21670154 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01365-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that regulates cell-specific functions such as muscle development and breast cancer metastasis. The myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs), which are transcriptional coactivators mediating cell-specific functions of SRF, are also ubiquitously expressed. How MRTFs and SRF drive cell-specific transcription is still not fully understood. Here we show that LIM domain only 7 (LMO7) is a cell-specific regulator of MRTFs and plays an important role in breast cancer cell migration. LMO7 activates MRTFs by relieving actin-mediated inhibition in a manner that requires, and is synergistic with, Rho GTPase. Whereas Rho is required for LMO7 to activate full-length MRTFs that have three RPEL actin-binding motifs, the disruption of individual actin-RPEL interactions is sufficient to eliminate the Rho dependency and to allow the strong Rho-independent function of LMO7. Mechanistically, we show that LMO7 colocalizes with F-actin and reduces the G-actin/F-actin ratio via a Rho-independent mechanism. The knockdown of LMO7 in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells compromises both basal and Rho-stimulated MRTF activities and impairs the migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We also show that LMO7 is upregulated in the stroma of invasive breast carcinoma in a manner that correlates with the increased expression of SRF target genes that regulate muscle and actin cytoskeleton functions. Together, this study reveals a novel cell-specific mechanism regulating Rho-MRTF-SRF signaling and breast cancer cell migration and identifies a role for actin-RPEL interactions in integrating Rho and cell-specific signals to achieve both the synergistic and Rho-dependent activation of MRTFs.
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