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Jihu Y, Leng R, Liu M, Ren H, Xie D, Yao C, Yan H. Angiotensin (1-7) Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-Β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Keratinocyte Hacat Cells in vitro. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1049-1058. [PMID: 38737946 PMCID: PMC11088851 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s441596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is an emerging component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with effective anti-fibrosis properties and has been shown to interfere with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by numerous studies. In recent years, EMT has been proposed as a new therapeutic target for skin fibrotic diseases such as keloids. However, the effect of Ang-(1-7) on EMT in skin is still unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Ang-(1-7) on Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced EMT of human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT in vitro. Methods The study involved the use of the human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Four groups were created for experimentation: control group (Group C), TGF-β1-treated group (Group T), Ang-(1-7)-treated group (Group A), and a group treated with both TGF-β1 and Ang-(1-7) (Group A + T). Various assays were conducted, including a cell proliferation assay using CCK-8 solution, a scratch wound healing assay to evaluate cell migration, and Western blotting to detect protein expressions related to cell characteristics. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expression levels. The study aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 and Ang-(1-7) on HaCaT cells. Results We found that Ang-(1-7) not only reduced the migration of HaCaT cells induced by TGF-β1 in vitro but also reduced the expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and restored the protein expression of E-cadherin and claudin-1. Mechanistically, Ang-(1-7) inhibits the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 in the TGF-β1 canonical pathway, and suppresses the expression of EMT-related transcription factors (EMT-TFs) such as SNAI2, TWIST1, and ZEB1. Discussion Taken together, our findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in HaCaT cells in vitro by disrupting the TGF-β1-Smad canonical signaling pathway. These results may be helpful in the treatment of EMT in skin fibrotic diseases such as keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueda Jihu
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruobing Leng
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengchang Liu
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Ren
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defu Xie
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Yao
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yan
- Clinical College of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu zhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liu L, Liu L, Liu R, Liu J, Cheng Q. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from multiple myeloma cells promote renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition through targeting TGF-β/SMAD7 signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:711-718. [PMID: 36905209 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients combined with renal insufficiency is poor. Renal fibrosis is an important pathological cause for MM patients combined with renal insufficiency. It is reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells is an important mechanism in renal fibrosis. We speculated that EMT might play an important role in the renal insufficiency of MM with unclear mechanism. MM cells derived exosomes could affect the function of targeted cells by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs). Literature has shown that the expression of miR-21 is closely related to EMT. In this research, we found that co-culture of HK-2 cells (human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells) and exosomes derived from MM cells promoted the EMT of HK-2 cells, resulting in the down-regulation of epithelial-related marker (E-cadherin), and up-regulation of stroma-related marker (Vimentin). Meanwhile, the expression of SMAD7, one of the downstream targets in the TGF-β signalling pathway, was suppressed and the expression of TGF-β was increased. After transfecting the inhibitor of miR-21 in MM cells, the expression of miR-21 in exosomes secreted by MM cells was significantly decreased, and the co-culture of these treated exosomes and HK-2 cells inhibited the EMT of HK-2 cells. In conclusion, these findings showed that exosomal miR-21 derived from MM cells could promote renal EMT through targeting TGF-β/SMAD7 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zubrzycka A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Jędrzejczyk S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. The Expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK and miRNA-21 in the Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032453. [PMID: 36768775 PMCID: PMC9917033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis has been associated with pathological alterations of protein expression via disturbances in homeostatic genes, miRNA expression profiles, and signaling pathways that play an essential role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. TGF-β1 has been hypothesized to play a key role in the development and progression of endometriosis, but the activation of a specific mechanism via the TGF-β-SMAD-ILK axis in the formation of endometriotic lesions is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of EMT markers (TGF-β1, SMAD3, ILK) and miR-21 in ectopic endometrium (ECE), in its eutopic (EUE) counterpart, and in the endometrium of healthy women. The expression level of the tested genes and miRNA was also evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in women with and without endometriosis. Fifty-four patients (n = 54; with endometriosis, n = 29, and without endometriosis, n = 25) were enrolled in the study. The expression levels (RQ) of the studied genes and miRNA were evaluated using qPCR. Endometriosis patients manifested higher TGF-β1, SMAD3, and ILK expression levels in the eutopic endometrium and a decreased expression level in the ectopic lesions in relation to control tissue. Compared to the endometrium of healthy participants, miR-21 expression levels did not change in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis, but the RQ was higher in their endometrial implants. In PBMC, negative correlations were found between the expression level of miR-21 and the studied genes, with the strongest statistically significant correlation observed between miR-21 and TGF-β1. Our results suggest the loss of the endometrial epithelial phenotype defined by the differential expression of the TGF-β1, SMAD3 and ILK genes in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium. We concluded that the TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK signaling pathway, probably via a mechanism related to the EMT, may be important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We also identified miR-21 as a possible inhibitor of this TGF-β1-SMAD3-ILK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Jędrzejczyk
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Medical Expertises, 91-205 Lodz, Poland
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Henriet E, Abdallah F, Laurent Y, Guimpied C, Clement E, Simon M, Pichon C, Baril P. Targeting TGF-β1/miR-21 pathway in keratinocytes reveals protective effects of silymarin on imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100175. [PMID: 36968096 PMCID: PMC10034514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells integrate multiple signals that activate the signaling pathways involved in skin homeostasis. TGF-β1 signaling pathway upregulates microRNA (miR)-21-5p in keratinocytes and is often deregulated in skin diseases. To identify the bioactive compounds that enable to modulate the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p signaling pathway, we screened a library of medicinal plant extracts using our miR-ON RILES luciferase reporter system placed under the control of the miR-21-5p in keratinocytes treated with TGF-β1. We identified silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., as the most potent regulator of miR-21-5p expression. Using Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR, we showed that silymarin regulates the expression of miR-21-5p through a noncanonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway, whereas RNA-sequencing analysis revealed three unexpected transcriptomic signatures associated with keratinocyte differentiation, cell cycle, and lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SM blocks cell cycle progression, inhibits keratinocyte differentiation through repression of Notch3 expression, stimulates lipid synthesis via activation of PPARγ signaling and inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. We finally showed that topical application of silymarin alleviates the development of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesions in mice by abrogating the altered expression levels of markers involved in inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and lipid metabolism.
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Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Donkor K, Wilson S, Jankauskas SS, Mone P, Wang X, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: Functional Contribution of microRNAs to Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863238. [PMID: 35498051 PMCID: PMC9043126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After an ischemic injury, the heart undergoes a complex process of structural and functional remodeling that involves several steps, including inflammatory and fibrotic responses. In this review, we are focusing on the contribution of microRNAs in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis after myocardial infarction. We summarize the most updated studies exploring the interactions between microRNAs and key regulators of inflammation and fibroblast activation and we discuss the recent discoveries, including clinical applications, in these rapidly advancing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Kwame Donkor
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Gaetano Santulli,
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Shin H, Choi JH, Lee JY. Probing TGF-β1-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement by fluorescent-labeled silica nanoparticle uptake assay. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101137. [PMID: 34584989 PMCID: PMC8453189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are essential in maintaining cell morphology, proliferation, and viability as well as internalizing molecules in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Orderly aligned cytoskeletons are disturbed by a range of biological processes, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is observed in cancer metastasis. Although many biological methods have been developed to detect cytoskeletal rearrangement, simple and quantitative in vitro approaches are still in great demand. Herein, we applied a flow cytometry-based nanoparticle uptake assay to measure the degree of cytoskeletal rearrangement induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). For the assay, silica nanoparticles, selected for their high biocompatibility, were fluorescent-labeled to facilitate quantification with flow cytometry. Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 and then exposed to FITC-labeled silica nanoparticles. Increasing concentrations of TGF-β1 induced gradual changes in cytoskeletal rearrangement, as confirmed by conventional assays. The level of nanoparticle uptake increased by TGF-β1 treatment in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that our nanoparticle uptake assay can be used as a quick and non-destructive approach to measure cytoskeletal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeRim Shin
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Manetti AC, Maiese A, Baronti A, Mezzetti E, Frati P, Fineschi V, Turillazzi E. MiRNAs as New Tools in Lesion Vitality Evaluation: A Systematic Review and Their Forensic Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1731. [PMID: 34829960 PMCID: PMC8615694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound vitality demonstration is one of the most challenging fields in forensic pathology. In recent years, researchers focused on the application of histological and immunohistochemical staining in this sphere of study. It is based on the detection of inflammation, red cell infiltration, and tissue alterations at the histological examination, all of which are supposedly present in antemortem rather than post-mortem wounds. Nevertheless, some doubts about the reliability of those markers have arisen. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized protocol and the operator dependency of this approach make the proper interpretation of its results difficult. Moreover, a differential miRNAs expression has been demonstrated in antemortem and post-mortem wounds. Herein, a systematic review concerning the current knowledge about the use of miRNAs in lesion vitality evaluation is carried out, to encourage researchers to deepen this peculiar study area. A compendium about the potential miRNAs that may be further investigated as vitality markers is also provided. The aim is to collect all available data about this topic to direct further studies on this field and highlight the future applications of miRNAs in forensic pathology. We found 20 articles and a total of 51 miRNAs that are involved in inflammation and wound healing. Further studies are certainly needed to deepen the role of miRNAs in inflammatory processes in lesioned skin and to evaluate their reliability in distinguishing between antemortem and post-mortem lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Arianna Baronti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Eleonora Mezzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.M.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.M.); (E.T.)
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Lee HW, Jose CC, Cuddapah S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Insights into nickel-induced lung diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:99-109. [PMID: 34058338 PMCID: PMC8627926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are environmental toxicants, prevalent in the atmosphere due to their widespread use in several industrial processes, extensive consumption of nickel containing products, as well as burning of fossil fuels. Exposure to nickel is associated with a multitude of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, nickel exposure is implicated in the development of nasal and lung cancers. Interestingly, a common pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of diseases associated with nickel exposure is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a process by which the epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity and acquire mesenchymal traits, including increased ability to migrate and invade. EMT is a normal and essential physiological process involved in differentiation, development and wound healing. However, EMT also contributes to a number of pathological conditions, including fibrosis, cancer and metastasis. Growing evidence suggest that EMT induction could be an important outcome of nickel exposure. In this review, we discuss the role of EMT in nickel-induced lung diseases and the mechanisms associated with EMT induction by nickel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Brahmbhatt HD, Gupta R, Gupta A, Rastogi S, Subramani D, Mobeen A, Batra VV, Singh A. Differential regulation of miR-21-5p delays wound healing of melanocyte-deprived vitiligo skin by modulating the expression of tumor-suppressors PDCD4 and Maspin. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1429-1439. [PMID: 34687038 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The loss of melanocytes in vitiligo is associated with architectural, transcriptional, and cellular perturbations of keratinocytes and manifests as a reduced proliferation potential in vitro and delayed re-epithelialization in vivo. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this delay, microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed on split skin biopsies collected on Day 1 (basal level) and Day 14 (wound re-epithelialization) from nonlesional (NL) and lesional (L) skin of five subjects with stable nonsegmental vitiligo and 129 miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated between the NL and L healed epidermis. miR-21-5p, expressed at comparable levels on NL and L Day 1 samples, demonstrated significant upregulation during re-epithelialization. However, the extent of its upregulation was relatively lower in L (10 times compared to Day 1) as compared to NL skin (17 times compared to Day 1). The overexpression of miR-21 in keratinocytes led to a significant increase in the expression of proliferation markers (Ki67 and MCM6 messenger RNA, Ki67 positivity), along with an increase in keratinocyte migration. Using a small interfering RNA mediated knockdown approach, we further demonstrated that miR-21-5p mediates its effects by suppressing the expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin), both tumor-suppressor genes. Investigation of clinical samples corroborated the lower miR-21 levels and a higher expression of PDCD4 and Maspin in L Day 14 compared to the NL Day 14 epidermis. In conclusion, this study revealed that a relatively lower upregulation of miR-21-5p in L skin leads to significantly higher levels of PDCD4 and Maspin, delaying wound re-epithelialization by reducing the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang D Brahmbhatt
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumya Rastogi
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharshini Subramani
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil University, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta V Batra
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Skin Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Wu H, Chen S, Liu C, Li J, Wei X, Jia M, Guo J, Jin J, Meng D, Zhi X. SPTBN1 inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by downregulating miR-21. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174401. [PMID: 34358482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SPTBN1 (spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1) has been linked to tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of SPTBN1 has yet to be investigated in breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the viability, growth, and migration ability of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and BT549 using CCK-8 assay, xenograft models, and Transwell assays. The expression of SPTBN1, EMT-related genes, and miRNA21 in breast cancer cells and tissues were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. SPTBN1 staining of breast cancer tissues was analyzed by the Human Protein Atlas databases. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed to detect how SPTBN1 regulates miRNA21. Our results showed that the expression of SPTBN1 in primary breast cancer tumors was dramatically lower than that in normal tissues and that lower levels of SPTBN1 were associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival. We also discovered that the loss of SPTBN1 promotes EMT, the viability of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 in vitro, and the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts in vivo by upregulating miR-21 level. Furthermore, loss of SPTBN1-mediated miR-21 upregulation was dependent on the stability and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Therefore, SPTBN1 is a pivotal regulator that inhibits EMT and the growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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11
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Ross K. MiR equal than others: MicroRNA enhancement for cutaneous wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8050-8059. [PMID: 34160067 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte migration is vital in the re-epithelialisation of the skin during wound healing. Multiple factors conspire to impair closure of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure wounds. Despite deep mechanistic understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function, the translational potential of these small genetic molecules has not been exploited to promote wound repair. In this review, I focus on miRNAs whose importance for wound healing stems from their impact on epidermal keratinocyte behaviour. These include miR-21-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-184, miR-129-5p and miR-335-5p which regulate diverse aspect of keratinocyte biology such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and wound closure. A combinatorial approach where two or more miRNA mimics targeting distinct but complementary wound healing processes is proposed as this may enhance wound repair more effectively than any single miRNA mimic alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, UK
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12
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Sato S, Chong SG, Upagupta C, Yanagihara T, Saito T, Shimbori C, Bellaye PS, Nishioka Y, Kolb MR. Fibrotic extracellular matrix induces release of extracellular vesicles with pro-fibrotic miRNA from fibrocytes. Thorax 2021; 76:895-906. [PMID: 33859055 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid vesicles, and EV-coupled microRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of biological processes. Fibrocytes are circulating bone marrow-derived cells that migrate into the injured lungs and contribute to fibrogenesis. The question of whether EV-coupled miRNAs derived from fibrocytes are able to regulate pulmonary fibrosis has not been addressed yet. METHODS Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in rats by intratracheal administration of an adenoviral gene vector encoding active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or control vector. Primary fibrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured from rat lungs and were sorted by anti-CD45 magnetic beads. Human circulating fibrocytes and fibrocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were isolated by fibronectin-coated dishes. Fibrocytes were cultured on different stiffness plates or decellularised lung scaffolds. We also determined the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) and recombinant TGF-β1 on the cellular and EV-coupled miRNA expression of fibrocytes. RESULTS The EVs of fibrocytes derived from fibrotic lungs significantly upregulated the expression of col1a1 of fibroblasts. Culturing on rigid plates or fibrotic decellularised lung scaffolds increased miR-21-5 p expression compared with soft plates or normal lung scaffolds. Dissolved ECM collected from fibrotic lungs and recombinant TGF-β1 increased miR-21-5 p expression on fibrocytes, and these effects were attenuated on soft plates. Fibrocytes from BALF collected from fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients showed higher miR-21-5 p expression than those from other patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ECM contributes to fibrogenesis through biomechanical and biochemical effects on miRNA expression in fibrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidai Sato
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sy Giin Chong
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Martin Rj Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Zefferino R, Piccoli C, Di Gioia S, Capitanio N, Conese M. How Cells Communicate with Each Other in the Tumor Microenvironment: Suggestions to Design Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052550. [PMID: 33806300 PMCID: PMC7961918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin- and pannexin (Panx)-formed hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) operate an interaction with the extracellular matrix and GJ intercellular communication (GJIC), and on account of this they are involved in cancer onset and progression towards invasiveness and metastatization. When we deal with cancer, it is not correct to omit the immune system, as well as neglecting its role in resisting or succumbing to formation and progression of incipient neoplasia until the formation of micrometastasis, nevertheless what really occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are the main players and which are the tumor or body allies, is still unclear. The goal of this article is to discuss how the pivotal players act, which can enhance or contrast cancer progression during two important process: "Activating Invasion and Metastasis" and the "Avoiding Immune Destruction", with a particular emphasis on the interplay among GJIC, Panx-HCs, and the purinergic system in the TME without disregarding the inflammasome and cytokines thereof derived. In particular, the complex and contrasting roles of Panx1/P2X7R signalosome in tumor facilitation and/or inhibition is discussed in regard to the early/late phases of the carcinogenesis. Finally, considering this complex interplay in the TME between cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and focusing on their means of communication, we should be capable of revealing harmful messages that help the cancer growth and transform them in body allies, thus designing novel therapeutic strategies to fight cancer in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-884673
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
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14
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Koike Y, Yozaki M, Utani A, Murota H. Fibroblast growth factor 2 accelerates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keratinocytes during wound healing process. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18545. [PMID: 33122782 PMCID: PMC7596476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wound healing process, the morphology of keratinocytes at the wound edge temporarily changes to a spindle morphology, which is thought to occur due to an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, also called basic FGF, has the potential to accelerate wound closure by activating vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We examined the effects of FGF2 on keratinocyte morphology and EMT in wounded skin. Histological examination of murine wounds treated with FGF2 revealed that wound edge keratinocytes formed thickened and multilayered epithelia. In addition, we detected wound edge keratinocytes migrating individually toward the wound center. These migrating keratinocytes exhibited not only spindle morphology but also down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression, which is characteristic of EMT. In FGF2-treated wounds, a PCR array revealed the upregulation of genes related to EMT, including transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling. Further, FGF2-treated wound edge keratinocytes expressed EMT-associated transcription factors, including Snai2, and showed translocation of β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm/nucleus. However, in vitro examination of keratinocytes revealed that FGF2 alone did not activate EMT in keratinocytes, but that FGF2 might promote EMT in combination with TGFβ1. These findings suggest that FGF2 treatment of wounds could promote keratinocyte EMT, accelerating wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koike
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Mariko Yozaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Utani
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Qi H, Liang G, Yu J, Wang X, Liang Y, He X, Feng T, Zhang J. Genome-wide profiling of miRNA expression patterns in tubal endometriosis. Reproduction 2020; 157:525-534. [PMID: 30909166 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in tubal endometriosis (EM) are still poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of miRNAs and the related gene networks and signaling pathways in tubal EM. Four tubal epithelium samples from tubal EM patients and five normal tubal epithelium samples from uterine leiomyoma patients were collected for miRNA microarray. Bioinformatics analyses, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation of five miRNAs was performed in six tubal epithelium samples from tubal EM and six from control. A total of 17 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and 4343 potential miRNA-target genes involved in tubal EM were identified (fold change >1.5 and FDR-adjusted P value <0.05). IPA indicated connections between miRNAs, target genes and other gynecological diseases like endometrial carcinoma. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that most of the identified genes were involved in the mTOR signaling pathway, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport and endocytosis. We constructed an miRNA-gene-disease network using target gene prediction. Functional analysis showed that the mTOR pathway was connected closely to tubal EM. Our results demonstrate for the first time the differentially expressed miRNAs and the related signal pathways involved in the pathogenesis of tubal EM which contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of tubal EM-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiling Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tienan Feng
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Knockout of MicroRNA-155 Ameliorates the Th17/Th9 Immune Response and Promotes Wound Healing. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:954-964. [PMID: 31845227 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are integral for maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. In this study, qPCR analyses were performed to determine which miRNAs play an important role in wound healing. Next, an experiment in a model of wound healing was performed, and histology, mRNA expression and T-cell subpopulations in wound tissue were analyzed. The accelerated experiments were performed by local injection of either rIL-17A and/or rIL-9 after wound healing. In vitro, the differentiation of Th17/Th9 in miR-155+/+ or miR-155-/- mice was investigated, and the target genes of miR155 were analyzed. From our findings, miR-155-/- in mice promoted wound healing and weakened T cell-mediated inflammation, especially in IL-17/IL-9, and less severe skin fibrosis developed in the mice. rIL-17A and/or rIL-9 could exacerbate inflammatory injury and delay wound healing. We also demonstrated that miR-155-/- led to a defect in the differentiation of Th17/Th9 in vitro, and this effect of IL-17/IL-9 might be related to the expression of C-maf, which is a target gene of miR155. MiR-155 regulated IL-17/IL-9-related inflammation in wound healing and might be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the inflammatory response in wound tissue and promote the closure of wound injuries.
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17
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Srivastava SP, Hedayat AF, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. microRNA Crosstalk Influences Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal, Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal, and Macrophage-to-Mesenchymal Transitions in the Kidney. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31474862 PMCID: PMC6707424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding nucleotides that regulate diverse biological processes. Altered microRNA biosynthesis or regulation contributes to pathological processes including kidney fibrosis. Kidney fibrosis is characterized by deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM), which is caused by infiltration of immune cells, inflammatory cells, altered chemokines, and cytokines as well as activation and accumulation of fibroblasts in the kidney. These activated fibroblasts can arise from epithelial cells via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), from bone marrow-derived M2 phenotype macrophages via macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), from endothelial cells via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), from resident fibroblasts, and from bone marrow-derived monocytes and play a crucial role in fibrotic events. Disrupted microRNA biosynthesis and aberrant regulation contribute to the activation of mesenchymal programs in the kidney. miR-29 regulates the interaction between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and integrin β1 and the associated active transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and pro-EndMT signaling; however, miR-let-7 targets transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) to inhibit TGFβ signaling. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is an endogenous anti-fibrotic peptide, which is associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) phosphorylation and subsequently responsible for the production of miR-let-7. miR-29 and miR-let-7 family clusters participate in crosstalk mechanisms, which are crucial for endothelial cell homeostasis. The physiological level of AcSDKP is vital for the activation of anti-fibrotic mechanisms including restoration of anti-fibrotic microRNA crosstalk and suppression of profibrotic signaling by mitigating DPP-4-associated mesenchymal activation in the epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and M2 phenotype macrophages. The present review highlights recent advancements in the understanding of both the role of microRNAs in the development of kidney disease and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for fibrotic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Fahim Hedayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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18
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Li T, Ma Y, Wang M, Wang T, Wei J, Ren R, He M, Wang G, Boey J, Armstrong DG, Deng W, Chen B. Platelet-rich plasma plays an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation-promoting role in an in vitro model for diabetic infected wounds. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:297-309. [PMID: 30774397 PMCID: PMC6357877 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s186651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was designed to examine the potential mechanism underlying these roles of platelet-rich plasma in treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods Staphylococcus aureus and HaCaT were co-cultured under high glucose conditions to serve as an in vitro model for infected cells in DFUs. Platelet-rich gel (PRG) or extract liquid of platelet-rich gel (EPG) were used to interfere with the model to observe the growth of HaCaT cells and S. aureus, and the effect of miR-21 changes in HaCaT cells on PDCD4, NF-κB activity and related inflammatory factors. Results Incubation of HaCaT cells with S. aureus promoted the decline of cell proliferation. Under this condition, the level of PDCD4 and the activity of NF-κB were increased in HaCaT cells with concomitant increased of IL-6, TNF-α and decreased IL-10, TGF-β1 in cultured supernatant. Both of PRG and EPG exhibited specific anti-S. aureus activity where they protect HaCaT cells from bacterial damage and promote cell proliferation. Meanwhile, EPG was observed to increase intracellular miRNA-21 while reduce PDCD4 expression and inhibit NF-κB activity to suppress the inflammation in HaCaT cells. Conclusion This in vitro model provides a valuable tool for study of wound healing in the treatment of DFUs. Our results suggest that miRNA-21 may regulate the expression of NF-κB through PDCD4 where it plays an anti-inflammatory role and promote proliferation in infected DFUs treated by PRP. These findings could provide novel therapeutic targets for refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guixue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Johnson Boey
- Department of Podiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - David G Armstrong
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,
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19
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Reis M, Mavin E, Nicholson L, Green K, Dickinson AM, Wang XN. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2538. [PMID: 30473695 PMCID: PMC6237916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potent regulators of immune responses largely through paracrine signaling. MSC secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are increasingly recognized as the key paracrine factors responsible for the biological and therapeutic function of MSCs. We report the first comprehensive study demonstrating the immunomodulatory effect of MSC-EVs on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function. MSC-EVs were isolated from MSC conditioned media using differential ultracentrifugation. Human monocyte-derived DCs were generated in the absence or presence of MSC-EVs (20 ug/ml) then subjected to phenotypic and functional analysis in vitro. MSC-EV treatment impaired antigen uptake by immature DCs and halted DC maturation resulting in reduced expression of the maturation and activation markers CD83, CD38, and CD80, decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p70 and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. MSC-EV treated DCs also demonstrated a diminished CCR 7 expression after LPS stimulation, coupled with a significantly reduced ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21, although they were still able to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro. Through microRNA profiling we have identified 49 microRNAs, which were significantly enriched in MSC-EVs compared to their parent MSCs. MicroRNAs with known effect on DC maturation and functions, including miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-126-3p, were detected within the top 10 most enriched miRNAs in MSC-EVs, with MiR-21-5p as the third highest expressed miRNA in MSC-EVs. In silico analysis revealed that miR-21-5p targets the CCR7 gene for degradation. To verify these observations, DCs were transfected with miR-21-5p mimics and analyzed for their ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21 in vitro. MiR-21-5p mimic transfected DCs showed a clear trend of reduced CCR7 expression and a significantly decreased migratory ability toward the CCL21. Our findings suggest that MSC-EVs are able to recapitulate MSC mediated DC modulation and MSC-EV enclosed microRNAs may represent a novel mechanism through which MSCs modulate DC functions. As MSCs are currently used in clinical trials to treat numerous diseases associated with immune dysregulation, such as graft-versus-host disease and inflammatory bowel disease, our data provide novel evidence to inform potential future application of MSC-EVs as a cell-free therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reis
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mavin
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Nicholson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Identification of small-molecule ligands that bind to MiR-21 as potential therapeutics for endometriosis by screening ZINC database and in-vitro assays. Gene 2018; 662:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Qu K, Lin T, Pang Q, Liu T, Wang Z, Tai M, Meng F, Zhang J, Wan Y, Mao P, Dong X, Liu C, Niu W, Dong S. Extracellular miRNA-21 as a novel biomarker in glioma: Evidence from meta-analysis, clinical validation and experimental investigations. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33994-4010. [PMID: 27166186 PMCID: PMC5085133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating highlighting the importance of extracellular miRNA as a novel biomarker for diagnosing various kinds of malignancies. MiR-21 is one of the most studied miRNAs and is over-expressed in cancer tissues. To explore the clinical implications and secretory mechanisms of extracellular miR-21, we firstly meta-analyzed the diagnostic efficiency of extracellular miR-21 in different cancer types. Eighty-one studies based on 59 articles were finally included. In our study, extracellular miR-21 was observed to exhibit an outstanding diagnostic accuracy in detecting brain cancer (area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve or AUC = 0.94), and this accuracy was more obvious in glioma diagnosis (AUC = 0.95). Our validation study (n = 45) further confirmed the diagnostic and prognostic role of miR-21 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for glioma. These findings inspired us to explore the biological function of miR-21. We next conducted mechanistic investigations to explain the secretory mechanisms of extracellular miR-21 in glioma. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was identified to participate in mediating the release of miR-21 from glioma cells. Further targeting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling using galunisertib, an inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor kinase, can attenuate the secretion of miR-21 from glioma cells. Taken together, CSF-based miR-21 might serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing brain cancer, especially for patients with glioma. Moreover, extracellular levels of miR-21 were affected by exogenous TGF-β activity and galunisertib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Tai
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shunbin Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Du H, Yu H, Yang Y, Song Y, Wang F, Li S, Jiang Y. Computational identification of microRNAs and their targets in liver cirrhosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7691-7698. [PMID: 29250171 PMCID: PMC5727606 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that the deregulation of circulating miRNAs is associated with liver cirrhosis. The present study aimed to identify reliable candidate biomarkers to improve the early detection of liver cirrhosis. An integrated analysis of expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and mRNAs in liver cirrhosis tissues from the GEO database was performed. Next, the regulatory targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs in liver cirrhosis tissues were predicted. In addition, a regulatory network of miRNA-target genes was constructed. A total of 4 eligible mRNA expression profiling studies and 2 miRNA expression profiling studies met the inclusion criteria, and were thus included. A total of 48 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1,773 differentially expressed genes were identified in liver cirrhosis tissues compared with normal tissues. There were 240 miRNA-target pairs whose expression was negatively correlated. In the miRNA-target regulatory network, overexpression of miR-21 and miR-199a-3p was suggested to be closely associated with the progression of liver cirrhosis. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of the target genes indicated that cell cycle was the most significantly enriched pathway, and the dysregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor, cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A and retinoblastoma-associated protein 1 clearly suggested their importance in the development of liver cirrhosis. We hypothesized that miR-21 and miR-199a-3p may be promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. The miRNA-target regulatory network may provide additional insight into the current data regarding the role of miRNAs in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100007, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Shangheng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Yuyong Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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23
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Ma YL, Chen F, Yang SX, Chen BP, Shi J. MicroRNA-21 promotes the progression of peritoneal fibrosis through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway: An in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1030-1038. [PMID: 29207016 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the roles of microRNA-21 (miR‑21) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF). First, dialysis effluents from 30 patients with PF were collected, and after the establishment of a mouse model of PF, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's staining were used to observe peritoneal tissues, inflammatory cells and blood vessels. High glucose was used to stimulate human peritoneal mesothelial cell lines and these stimulated cells were then transfected with miR‑21 inhibitor. Immunofluorescence microscopy was applied for the observation of the transfected cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‑21, and RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), TGF-β, Smad, vimentin and connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF). The mRNA and protein expression levels TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF were elevated, while ZO-1 mRNA and protein expression was decreased with the prolonged duration of dialysis treatment in the patients with PF. The experiments using the mouse model of PF revealed that the peritoneal connective tissue was thickened, while the numbers of inflammatory cells and blood vessels were increased. The expression levels of miR‑21, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF were increased over time, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels ZO-1 constantly decreased in the mice in the experimental group. Moreoever, the expression of miR‑21 positively correlated with the expression levels of TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF, while it negatively correlated with the expression of ZO-1. The results of H&E and Masson's staining revealed that miR‑21 expression was associated with the degree of PF. These findings thus indicate that miR‑21 promotes the progression of PF through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Su-Xia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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24
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Ross K. Towards topical microRNA-directed therapy for epidermal disorders. J Control Release 2017; 269:136-147. [PMID: 29133119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet dermatological need for innovative topical agents that achieve better longterm outcomes with fewer side effects. Modulation of the expression and activity of microRNA (miRNAs) represents an emerging translational framework for the development of such innovative therapies because changes in the expression of one miRNA can have wide-ranging effects on diverse cellular processes associated with disease. In this short review, the roles of miRNA in epidermal development, psoriasis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and re-epithelisation are highlighted. Consideration is given to the delivery of oligonucleotides that mimic or inhibit miRNA function using vehicles such as cell penetrating peptides, spherical nucleic acids, deformable liposomes and liquid crystalline nanodispersions. Formulation of miRNA-directed oligonucleotides with such skin-penetrating epidermal agents will drive the development of RNA-based cutaneous therapeutics for deployment as primary or adjuvant therapies for epidermal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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25
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The mechanism of TGF-β/miR-155/c-Ski regulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160603. [PMID: 28607031 PMCID: PMC5569159 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) have the potential to undergo fibrogenic endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which results in matrix-producing fibroblasts and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Recently, the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is shown to be the crucial pathogenic driver which has been verified to induce EndMT. C-Ski is an important regulator of TGF-β signaling. However, the detailed role of c-Ski and the molecular mechanisms by which c-Ski affects TGF-β-induced EndMT in HCAECs are not largely elucidated. In the present study, we treated HCAECs with TGF-β of different concentrations to induce EndMT. We found that overexpression of c-Ski in HCAECs either blocked EndMT via hindering Vimentin, Snail, Slug, and Twist expression while enhancing CD31 expression, with or without TGF-β treatment. In contrast, suppression of c-Ski further enhanced EndMT. Currently, miRNA expression disorder has been frequently reported associating with cardiac fibrosis. By using online tools, we regarded miR-155 as a candidate miRNA that could target c-Ski, which was verified using luciferase assays. C-Ski expression was negatively regulated by miR-155. TGF-β-induced EndMT was inhibited by miR-155 silence; the effect of TGF-β on Vimentin, CD31, Snail, Slug, and Twist could be partially restored by miR-155. Altogether, these findings will shed light on the role and mechanism by which miR-155 regulates TGF-β-induced HCAECs EndMT via c-Ski to affect cardiac fibrosis, and miR-155/c-Ski may represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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26
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MicroRNAs in the skin: role in development, homoeostasis and regeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1923-1940. [PMID: 28705953 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system and possesses a vast number of functions. Due to the distinct layers of the skin and the variety of cells which populate each, a tightly regulated network of molecular signals control development and regeneration, whether due to programmed cell termination or injury. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a relatively recent discovery; they are a class of small non-coding RNAs which possess a multitude of biological functions due to their ability to regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional gene silencing. Of interest, is that a plethora of data demonstrates that a number of miRs are highly expressed within the skin, and are evidently key regulators of numerous vital processes to maintain non-aberrant functioning. Recently, miRs have been targeted as therapeutic interventions due to the ability of synthetic 'antagomiRs' to down-regulate abnormal miR expression, thereby potentiating wound healing and attenuating fibrotic processes which can contribute to disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). This review will provide an introduction to the structure and function of the skin and miR biogenesis, before summarizing the literature pertaining to the role of miRs. Finally, miR therapies will also be discussed, highlighting important future areas of research.
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27
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Subramanian V, Seemann I, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Stewart FA, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S, Azimzadeh O. Role of TGF Beta and PPAR Alpha Signaling Pathways in Radiation Response of Locally Exposed Heart: Integrated Global Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:307-318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Subramanian
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingar Seemann
- Division
of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Fiona A. Stewart
- Division
of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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28
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Xiao Y, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Biochemical and Biophysical Cues in Matrix Design for Chronic and Diabetic Wound Treatment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:9-26. [PMID: 27405960 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progress in biomaterial science and engineering and increasing knowledge in cell biology have enabled us to develop functional biomaterials providing appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues for tissue regeneration applications. Tissue regeneration is particularly important to treat chronic wounds of people with diabetes. Understanding and controlling the cellular microenvironment of the wound tissue are important to improve the wound healing process. In this study, we review different biochemical (e.g., growth factors, peptides, DNA, and RNA) and biophysical (e.g., topographical guidance, pressure, electrical stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic field) cues providing a functional and instructive acellular matrix to heal diabetic chronic wounds. The biochemical and biophysical signals generally regulate cell-matrix interactions and cell behavior and function inducing the tissue regeneration for chronic wounds. Some technologies and devices have already been developed and used in the clinic employing biochemical and biophysical cues for wound healing applications. These technologies can be integrated with smart biomaterials to deliver therapeutic agents to the wound tissue in a precise and controllable manner. This review provides useful guidance in understanding molecular mechanisms and signals in the healing of diabetic chronic wounds and in designing instructive biomaterials to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiao
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- 2 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Pan DH, Zhu ML, Lin XM, Lin XG, He RQ, Ling YX, Su ST, Wickramaarachchi MM, Dang YW, Wei KL, Chen G. Evaluation and clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase5 expression in cervical lesions: a clinical research study in Guangxi, China. Eur J Med Res 2016; 21:28. [PMID: 27406233 PMCID: PMC4942906 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5) was associated with the development of several cancers. However, the relationship between CDK5 level and clinicopathological factors is still poorly understood in cervical diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of CDK5 and its clinical significance in variant cervical lesions. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect CDK5 expression in 54 cases of chronic cervicitis, 42 cases of condyloma acuminate (CA), 38 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 360 cases of cervical cancers [adenocarcinoma, n = 63; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n = 263; adenosquamous carcinoma, n = 34]. The clinicopathological characteristics in relation to CDK5 were examined by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Results The positive rates of CDK5 were 27.8, 31.0, 50, 54.0, 58.8, and 62.7 % in chronic cervicitis, CA, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and SCC, respectively. Statistically analysis showed that CDK5 expression in cervical cancer tissues was higher than non-cervical cancer tissues (inflammation and CA) (P < 0.001). The overexpression of CDK5 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.317; P < 0.001), histological type (r = 0.198; P < 0.001), FIGO stage (r = 0.358; P < 0.001), TNM stage (r = 0.329; P < 0.001) and pathological grade (r = 0.259; P < 0.001) in cervical lesions evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Furthermore, the positive relationships were found between CDK5 and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), FIGO stage (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P < 0.001) and pathological grade (P < 0.001) in SCC. CDK5 was positively interrelated to TNM stage (P = 0.017) in adenosquamous carcinoma. Conclusions CDK5 may play a vital role in the development of cervical cancer, which may be a marker for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Hua Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Miao Lin
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 225 Xinyang Road, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Gu Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Xin Ling
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Tao Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Madushi Mihiranganee Wickramaarachchi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kang-Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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30
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Fang S, Xu C, Zhang Y, Xue C, Yang C, Bi H, Qian X, Wu M, Ji K, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Xing X. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD2 Pathway During Wound Healing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1425-1439. [PMID: 27388239 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Excessive scar formation caused by myofibroblast aggregations is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to scar formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced scar formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin-defect mouse model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC-Exos enriched in specific microRNAs (miR-21, -23a, -125b, and -145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β2/SMAD2 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast-suppressing and anti-scarring functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC-mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC-derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent scar formation during wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Exosomes have been identified as a new type of major paracrine factor released by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). They have been reported to be an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication. However, it is still unclear precisely which molecule or group of molecules carried within MSC-derived exosomes can mediate myofibroblast functions, especially in the process of wound repair. The present study explored the functional roles of uMSC-exosomal microRNAs in the process of myofibroblast formation, which can cause excessive scarring. This is an unreported function of uMSC exosomes. Also, for the first time, the uMSC-exosomal microRNAs were examined by high-throughput sequencing, with a group of specific microRNAs (miR-21, miR-23a, miR-125b, and miR-145) found to play key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting excess α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition associated with activity of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Bi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Ji
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Houqi Liu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Wang T, Zhao N, Long S, Ge L, Wang A, Sun H, Ran X, Zou Z, Wang J, Su Y. Downregulation of miR-205 in migrating epithelial tongue facilitates skin wound re-epithelialization by derepressing ITGA5. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1443-52. [PMID: 27169579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte migration is essential for re-epithelialization during skin wound healing, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this cellular response remain to be completely clarified. Here we show that keratinocyte-specific miR-205 is significantly downregulated in the leading edge of the migrating epithelial tongue after skin injury in mice. In HaCaT keratinocytes, miR-205 could be downregulated by TGF-β1 stimulation. And similar to the effect of TGF-β1, miR-205 knockdown could promote keratinocyte migration in wound scratch model in vitro. Furthermore, topical inhibition of miR-205 by administrating Pluronic gel containing antagomir-205 could accelerate re-epithelialization in mouse skin wound model in vivo. Moreover, we identified integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) as one key functional miR-205 target in the re-epithelialization process and epidermal downregulation of miR-205 may desilence ITGA5 to promote keratinocyte migration. And knockdown of ITGA5 would abolish the pro-migratory effects of miR-205 inhibition in vitro. What's more, we found dysregulation of miR-205 and its target ITGA5 in epidermis of clinical chronic wound samples with persistence of high level miR-205 and absence of ITGA5. Our findings indicate that downregulation of miR-205 in the leading migrating keratinocytes is critical for re-epithelialization and miR-205 may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuang Long
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiqin Sun
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Wang T, Long S, Zhao N, Wang Y, Sun H, Zou Z, Wang J, Ran X, Su Y. Cell Density-Dependent Upregulation of PDCD4 in Keratinocytes and Its Implications for Epidermal Homeostasis and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010008. [PMID: 26703592 PMCID: PMC4730255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is one multi-functional tumor suppressor inhibiting neoplastic transformation and tumor invasion. The role of PDCD4 in tumorigenesis has attracted more attention and has been systematically elucidated in cutaneous tumors. However, the normal biological function of PDCD4 in skin is still unclear. In this study, for the first time, we find that tumor suppressor PDCD4 is uniquely induced in a cell density-dependent manner in keratinocytes. To determine the potential role of PDCD4 in keratinocyte cell biology, we show that knockdown of PDCD4 by siRNAs can promote cell proliferation in lower cell density and partially impair contact inhibition in confluent HaCaT cells, indicating that PDCD4 serves as an important regulator of keratinocytes proliferation and contact inhibition in vitro. Further, knockdown of PDCD4 can induce upregulation of cyclin D1, one key regulator of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the expression patterns of PDCD4 in normal skin, different hair cycles and the process of wound healing are described in detail in vivo, which suggest a steady-state regulatory role of PDCD4 in epidermal homeostasis and wound healing. These findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for keratinocytes’ biology and indicate that PDCD4 plays a role in epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Shuang Long
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Huiqin Sun
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xinze Ran
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yongping Su
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Sun SS, Zhou X, Huang YY, Kong LP, Mei M, Guo WY, Zhao MH, Ren Y, Shen Q, Zhang L. Targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulating CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:213. [PMID: 26690371 PMCID: PMC4687320 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal activation of STAT3 and miR-21 plays a vital role in progression and invasion of solid tumors. The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is reported to contribute to cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Methods We measured the expression of miR-21, CDK5 and EMT markers in 60 HNSCC tumor samples. We used Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay to examine the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 activation in the invasiveness of HNSCC. The clinical survival relevance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate/multivariate COX regression model. Multiple approaches including scratch, transwell chamber assay and other molecular biology techniques were used to validate the anti-invasion effect of targeting miR-21 in Tca8113 and Hep-2 cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, whether miR-21 depletion inhibits HNSCC invasion in vivo was confirmed in Tca8113 xenograft tumor model. Results The expression of miR-21 and CDK5 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. Hep-2 and Tca8113 cell lines showed co-overexpression of miR-21 and CDK5. WP1066 or asON-miR-21 treatment depleted miR-21 and CDK5 expression and significantly inhibited migration or invasion in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells. The expression levels of CDK5/p35, N-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin were inhibited while E-cadherin level was increased by miR-21 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic CDK5 overexpression significantly induced tumor cell motility and EMT. Moreover, ectopic CDK5 overexpression in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells rescued the observed phenotype after miR-21 silencing or WP1066 treatment. Conclusions miR-21 cooperates with CDK5 to promote EMT and invasion in HNSCC. This finding suggests that CDK5 may be an important cofactor for targeting when designing metastasis-blocking therapy by targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis with STAT3 inhibitor or miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide. This is the first demonstration of the novel role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5/CDK5R1 (p35) in metastasis of HNSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ling-Ping Kong
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Mei Mei
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Guo
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
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Huang IF, Lin IC, Liu PF, Cheng MF, Liu YC, Hsieh YD, Chen JJ, Chen CL, Chang HW, Shu CW. Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation via TGF-β signaling. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:203. [PMID: 26446848 PMCID: PMC4596496 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a common intestinal pathogen that causes acute and chronic inflammatory response. Probiotics reduce inflammatory cytokine production and serve as beneficial commensal microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. TGF-β (transforming growth factor β)/SMAD and NF-κB signaling play important roles in inflammation in intestinal cells. However, the involvement of the signaling in regulating inflammation between Salmonella and probiotics is not fully understood. METHODS L. acidophilus and prebiotic inulin were used to treat human intestinal Caco-2 cells prior to infection with Salmonella. The cells were harvested to examine the cytokines and MIR21 expression with immunoblotting and real-time PCR. NF-κB and SMAD3/4 reporter vectors were transfected into cells to monitor inflammation and TGF-β1 signaling, respectively. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the probiotic L. acidophilus decreased Salmonella-induced NF-κB activation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Expression of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, in L. acidophilus-pretreated cells was also significantly lower than that in cells infected with Salmonella alone. Moreover, TGF-β1 and MIR21 expression was elevated in cells pretreated with L. acidophilus or synbiotic, a combination of inulin and L. acidophilus, compared to that in untreated cells or cells infected with S. typhimurium alone. By contrast, expression of SMAD7, a target of MIR21, was accordingly reduced in cells treated with L. acidophilus or synbiotics. Consistent with TGF-β1/MIR21 and SMAD7 expression, SMAD3/4 transcriptional activity was significantly higher in the cells treated with L. acidophilus or synbiotics. Furthermore, TGF-β1 antibody antagonized the SMAD3/4 and NF-κB transcriptional activity modulated by L. acidophilus in intestinal cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the TGF-β1/MIR21 signaling pathway may be involved in the suppressive effects of L. acidophilus on inflammation caused by S. typhimurium in intestinal Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fei Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Diet and Nutrition Section, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Dung Hsieh
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen Z, Dai T, Chen X, Tan L, Shi C. Activation and regulation of the granulation tissue derived cells with stemness-related properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:85. [PMID: 25925316 PMCID: PMC4446126 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin as the largest and easily accessible organ of the body represents an abundant source of adult stem cells. Among them, dermal stem cells hold great promise in tissue repair and the skin granulation tissue has been recently proposed as a promising source of dermal stem cells, but their biological characteristics have not been well investigated. METHODS The 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) lineage tracing approach was employed to chase dermal stem cells in vivo. Granulation tissue derived cells (GTCs) were isolated and their in vitro proliferation, self-renewing, migration, and multi-differentiation capabilities were assessed. Combined radiation and skin wound model was used to investigate the therapeutic effects of GTCs. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) antagomir was used to antagonize miR-21 expression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were scavenged by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). RESULTS The quiescent dermal stem/progenitor cells were activated to proliferate upon injury and enriched in granulation tissues. GTCs exhibited enhanced proliferation, colony formation and multi-differentiation capacities. Topical transplantation of GTCs into the combined radiation and skin wound mice accelerated wound healing and reduced tissue fibrosis. Blockade of the miR-21 expression in GTCs inhibited cell migration and differentiation, but promoted cell proliferation and self-renewing at least partially via a ROS dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The granulation tissue may represent an alternative adult stem cell source in tissue replacement therapy and miR-21 mediated ROS generation negatively regulates the stemness-related properties of granulation tissue derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Tingyu Dai
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhou J, Gao K, Dai J, Hu G, Lv L, Du J, Zhang Y. The microRNA feedback regulation of p63 in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8434-53. [PMID: 25726529 PMCID: PMC4496160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a member of the p53 gene family that plays a complex role in cancer due to its involvement in epithelial differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs with an important regulatory role in various cellular processes, as well as in the development and progression of cancer. A number of microRNAs have been shown to function as transcriptional targets of p63. Conversely, microRNAs also can modulate the expression and activity of p63. However, the p63-microRNA regulatory circuit has not been addressed in depth so far. Here, computational genomic analysis was performed using miRtarBase, Targetscan, microRNA.ORG, DIANA-MICROT, RNA22-HSA and miRDB to analyze miRNA binding to the 3'UTR of p63. JASPAR (profile score threshold 80%) and TFSEARCH datasets were used to search transcriptional start sites for p53/p63 response elements. Remarkably, these data revealed 63 microRNAs that targeted p63. Furthermore, there were 39 microRNAs targeting p63 that were predicted to be regulated by p63. These analyses suggest a crosstalk between p63 and microRNAs. Here, we discuss the crosstalk between p63 and the microRNA network, and the role of their interactions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Dean ZS, Riahi R, Wong PK. Spatiotemporal dynamics of microRNA during epithelial collective cell migration. Biomaterials 2014; 37:156-63. [PMID: 25453946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs variably involved in a wide variety of developmental and regenerative programs. Techniques for monitoring the spatiotemporal expression of miRNA in living cells are essential to elucidate the roles of miRNA during these complex regulatory processes. The small size, low abundance, sequence similarity, and degradation susceptibility of miRNAs, however, make their detection challenging. In this study, we detail a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (dsLNA) probe for detecting intracellular miRNAs during epithelial collective migration. The dsLNA probe is capable of detecting the dynamic regulation and dose-dependent modulation of miRNAs. The probe is applied to monitor the spatial distribution of miRNA expression of a migrating epithelium. Our results reveal a gradient of miRNA over the first one hundred microns from the leading edge and show the involvement of miR-21 in the complex regulation of transforming growth factor beta modulated epithelial migration. With its ease of use and capacity for real-time monitoring of miRNAs in living cells, the dsLNA probe carries the potential for studying the function and regulation of miRNA in a wide spectrum of complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dean
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Reza Riahi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA.
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Zhao J, Tang N, Wu K, Dai W, Ye C, Shi J, Zhang J, Ning B, Zeng X, Lin Y. MiR-21 simultaneously regulates ERK1 signaling in HSC activation and hepatocyte EMT in hepatic fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108005. [PMID: 25303175 PMCID: PMC4193742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Here, we determined the serum and hepatic content of miR-21 in patients with liver cirrhosis and rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic cirrhosis and examined the effects of miR-21 on SPRY2 and HNF4α in modulating ERK1 signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine miR-21 and the expression of SPRY2, HNF4α and other genes. Immunoblotting assay was carried out to examine the expression of relevant proteins. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the effects of miR-21 on its predicted target genes SPRY2 and HNF4α. Primary HSCs and hepatocytes were treated with miR-21 mimics/inhibitors or appropriate adenoviral vectors to examine the relation between miR-21 and SPRY2 or HNF4α. Results The serum and hepatic content of miR-21 was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients and rats. SPRY2 and HNF4α mRNA levels were markedly lower in the cirrhotic liver. MiR-21 overexpression was associated with enhanced ERK1 signaling and EMT in liver fibrosis. Luciferase assay revealed suppressed SPRY2 and HNF4α expression by miR-21. Ectopic miR-21 stimulated ERK1 signaling in HSCs and induced hepatocyte EMT by targeting SPRY2 or HNF4α. Downregulating miR-21 suppressed ERK1 signaling, inhibited HSC activation, and blocked EMT in TGFβ1-treated hepatocytes. Conclusions MiR-21 modulates ERK1 signaling and EMT in liver fibrosis by regulating SPRY2 and HNF4α expression. MiR-21 may serve as a potentially biomarker as well as intervention target for hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beifang Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (XZ)
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (XZ)
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Greco S, Gaetano C, Martelli F. HypoxamiR regulation and function in ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1202-19. [PMID: 24053126 PMCID: PMC4142792 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated and play a causal role in numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, stroke, peripheral artery disease, kidney ischemia-reperfusion. RECENT ADVANCES One crucial component of ischemic cardiovascular diseases is represented by hypoxia. Indeed, hypoxia is a powerful stimulus regulating the expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, named hypoxia-induced miRNAs (hypoxamiR). These miRNAs are fundamental regulators of the cell responses to decreased oxygen tension. Certain hypoxamiRs seem to have a particularly pervasive role, such as miR-210 that is virtually induced in all ischemic diseases tested so far. However, its specific function may change according to the physiopathological context. CRITICAL ISSUES The discovery of HypoxamiR dates back 6 years. Thus, despite a rapid growth in knowledge and attention, a deeper insight of the molecular mechanisms underpinning hypoxamiR regulation and function is needed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS An extended understanding of the function of hypoxamiR in gene regulatory networks associated with cardiovascular diseases will allow the identification of novel molecular mechanisms of disease and indicate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory , IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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Wang JY, Gao YB, Zhang N, Zou DW, Wang P, Zhu ZY, Li JY, Zhou SN, Wang SC, Wang YY, Yang JK. miR-21 overexpression enhances TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by target smad7 and aggravates renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:163-72. [PMID: 24887517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Smad7 (a inhibitory smad), a downstream signaling molecules of TGF-β1, represses the EMT. The physiological function of miR-21 is closely linked to EMT and RIF. However, it remained unclear whether miR-21 over-expression affected TGF-β1-induced EMT by regulating smad7 in DN. In this study, real-time RT-PCR, cell transfection, luciferase reporter gene assays, western blot and confocal microscope were used, respectively. Here, we found that miR-21 expression was upregulated by TGF-β1 in time- and concentration -dependent manner. Moreover, miR-21 over-expression enhanced TGF-β1-induced EMT(upregulation of a-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin) by directly down-regulating smad7/p-smad7 and indirectly up-regulating smad3/p-smad3, accompanied by the decrease of Ccr and the increase of col-IV, FN, the content of collagen fibers, RTBM, RTIAW and ACR. Meantime, the siRNA experiment showed that smad7 can directly regulate a-SMA and E-cadherin expression. More importantly, miR-21 inhibitor can not only inhibit EMT and fibrosis but also ameliorate renal structure and function. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that miR-21 overexpression can contribute to TGF-β1-induced EMT by inhibiting target smad7, and that targeting miR-21 may be a better alternative to directly suppress TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Wang
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan-Bin Gao
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Wei Zou
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Zhu
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhou
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 100730, China.
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Brücher BL, Jamall IS. Epistemology of the origin of cancer: a new paradigm. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:331. [PMID: 24885752 PMCID: PMC4026115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinogenesis is widely thought to originate from somatic mutations and an inhibition of growth suppressors, followed by cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and risk of metastasis. Fewer than 10% of all cancers are hereditary; the ratio in gastric (1%), colorectal (3-5%) and breast (8%) cancers is even less. Cancers caused by infection are thought to constitute some 15% of the non-hereditary cancers. Those remaining, 70 to 80%, are called “sporadic,” because they are essentially of unknown etiology. We propose a new paradigm for the origin of the majority of cancers. Presentation of hypothesis Our paradigm postulates that cancer originates following a sequence of events that include (1) a pathogenic stimulus (biological or chemical) followed by (2) chronic inflammation, from which develops (3) fibrosis with associated changes in the cellular microenvironment. From these changes a (4) pre-cancerous niche develops, which triggers the deployment of (5) a chronic stress escape strategy, and when this fails to resolve, (6) a transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell occurs. If we are correct, this paradigm would suggest that the majority of the findings in cancer genetics so far reported are either late events or are epiphenomena that occur after the appearance of the pre-cancerous niche. Testing the hypothesis If, based on experimental and clinical findings presented here, this hypothesis is plausible, then the majority of findings in the genetics of cancer so far reported in the literature are late events or epiphenomena that could have occurred after the development of a PCN. Our model would make clear the need to establish preventive measures long before a cancer becomes clinically apparent. Future research should focus on the intermediate steps of our proposed sequence of events, which will enhance our understanding of the nature of carcinogenesis. Findings on inflammation and fibrosis would be given their warranted importance, with research in anticancer therapies focusing on suppressing the PCN state with very early intervention to detect and quantify any subclinical inflammatory change and to treat all levels of chronic inflammation and prevent fibrotic changes, and so avoid the transition from a normal cell to a cancer cell. Implication of the hypothesis The paradigm proposed here, if proven, spells out a sequence of steps, one or more of which could be interdicted or modulated early in carcinogenesis to prevent or, at a minimum, slow down the progression of many cancers.
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White AC, Khuu JK, Dang CY, Hu J, Tran KV, Liu A, Gomez S, Zhang Z, Yi R, Scumpia P, Grigorian M, Lowry WE. Stem cell quiescence acts as a tumour suppressor in squamous tumours. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 16:99-107. [PMID: 24335650 PMCID: PMC3874399 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In some organs, adult stem cells are uniquely poised to serve as cancer cells of origin. It is unclear, however, whether tumorigenesis is influenced by the activation state of the adult stem cell. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) act as cancer cells of origin for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and undergo defined cycles of quiescence and activation. The data presented here show that HFSCs are unable to initiate tumors during the quiescent phase of the hair cycle, indicating that the mechanisms that keep HFSCs dormant are dominant to the gain of oncogenes (Ras) or the loss of tumor suppressors (p53). Furthermore, Pten activity is necessary for quiescence based tumor suppression, as its deletion alleviates tumor suppression without affecting proliferation. These data demonstrate that stem cell quiescence is a form of tumor suppression in HFSCs, and that Pten plays a role in maintaining quiescence in the presence of tumorigenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C White
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - J K Khuu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - C Y Dang
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - J Hu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - K V Tran
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - A Liu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - S Gomez
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Scumpia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - M Grigorian
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - W E Lowry
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA [3] Jonsson Cancer Research Center, UCLA, California 90095, USA [4] Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, California 90095, USA
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Androgen receptor and microRNA-21 axis downregulates transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) expression in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:4097-106. [PMID: 24037531 PMCID: PMC3962713 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells escape growth inhibition from TGFβ by down-regulating TGFβ receptors. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells down-regulate TGFβ receptors in prostate is not clear. Here, we showed that coordinated action of miR-21 and androgen receptor (AR) signaling played a critical role in inhibiting TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) expression in prostate cancer cells. Our results revealed that miR-21 suppresses TGFBR2 levels by binding to its 3'UTR and AR signaling further potentiates this effect in both untransformed and transformed human prostate epithelial cells as well as in human prostate cancers. Analysis of primary prostate cancers showed that increased miR-21/AR expression parallel a significantly reduced expression of TGFBR2. Manipulation of androgen signaling or the expression levels of AR or miR-21 negatively altered TGFBR2 expression in untransformed and transformed human prostate epithelial cells, human prostate cancer xenografts, and mouse prostate glands. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-21 and AR regulated each other's expression resulting in a positive feedback loop. Our results indicated that miR-21/AR mediate its tumor promoting function by attenuating TGFβ-mediated Smad2/3 activation, cell growth inhibition, cell migration, and apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that the AR and miR-21 axis exerts its oncogenic effects in prostate tumors by down-regulating TGFBR2, hence inhibiting the tumor suppressive activity of TGFβ pathway. Targeting miR-21 alone or in combination with AR may restore the tumor inhibitory activity of TGFβ in prostate cancer.
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Song SJ, Poliseno L, Song MS, Ala U, Webster K, Ng C, Beringer G, Brikbak NJ, Yuan X, Cantley LC, Richardson AL, Pandolfi PP. MicroRNA-antagonism regulates breast cancer stemness and metastasis via TET-family-dependent chromatin remodeling. Cell 2013; 154:311-324. [PMID: 23830207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs through genetic and epigenetic alterations, including changes in microRNA (miR) expression. Here we find miR-22 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhances invasiveness and promotes metastasis in mouse xenografts. In a conditional mammary gland-specific transgenic (TG) mouse model, we show that miR-22 enhances mammary gland side-branching, expands the stem cell compartment, and promotes tumor development. Critically, miR-22 promotes aggressive metastatic disease in MMTV-miR-22 TG mice, as well as compound MMTV-neu or -PyVT-miR-22 TG mice. We demonstrate that miR-22 exerts its metastatic potential by silencing antimetastatic miR-200 through direct targeting of the TET (Ten eleven translocation) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases, thereby inhibiting demethylation of the mir-200 promoter. Finally, we show that miR-22 overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcomes and silencing of the TET-miR-200 axis in patients. Taken together, our findings implicate miR-22 as a crucial epigenetic modifier and promoter of EMT and breast cancer stemness toward metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Song
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Laura Poliseno
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Min Sup Song
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ugo Ala
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kaitlyn Webster
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Gary Beringer
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nicolai J Brikbak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xin Yuan
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Wang T, Feng Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Hao L, Shi C, Wang J, Li R, Ran X, Su Y, Zou Z. miR-21 regulates skin wound healing by targeting multiple aspects of the healing process. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 181:1911-20. [PMID: 23159215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the clarification of the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse physiologic and pathologic processes, the effects of miRNAs in wound healing have attracted more attention recently. However, the global pattern of miRNA expression in wound tissue is still unknown. In the present study, we depicted the miRNA profile and identified at least 54 miRNAs, including miR-21, changed for more than twofold at the stage of granulation formation during wound healing. These miRNAs were closely related to the major events of wound healing, including cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remolding. Furthermore, we found that miR-21 was up-regulated after skin injury, mainly in activated and migrating epithelial cells of epidermis and mesenchymal cells of dermis. Locally antagonizing miR-21 by directly injecting antagomir to wound edge caused significant delay of wound closure with impaired collagen deposition. Unexpectedly, we found wounds treated with miR-21 antagomir had an obvious defect in wound contraction at an early stage of wound healing. The significant role of miR-21 in wound contraction was further confirmed by in vivo gain-of-function and in vitro loss-of-function experiments. In conclusion, the present study has for the first time depicted miRNA profiling of wound healing and demonstrated the involvement of miR-21 in regulating the wound contraction and collagen deposition. These results suggest that miR-21 may be a new medical target in skin wound manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao L, Lu X, Cao Y. MicroRNA and signal transduction pathways in tumor radiation response. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1625-34. [PMID: 23602933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor radiation response is an essential issue in radiotherapy and a core determining factor of tumor radioresistance or radiosensitivity. Multiple factors can influence tumor radiation response, and among them tumor genetic and epigenetic background, tumor microenvironment and tumor blood flow status may take a leading role. During the whole process of tumor radiation response, tumor radiosensitivity can be regulated in an orderly manner through some classical signal transduction pathways. Although these pathways have already owned multiple biological functions and involved in the process of carcinogenesis, their regulatory roles in tumor radiation response can not be ignored. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length, which binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target gene and controls the expression of it at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA participates in numerous physiology and pathology processes and acts as oncogene or tumor suppressor to affect cancer progression. Through interplaying with the key components in radiation related signal transduction pathways, miRNA could effectively activate the expression of DNA damage response genes and cell cycle related genes in the nucleus, and play a critical role in the modulation of radiation response and radiosensitivity in tumor cells. In this review, we mainly elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and functions of miRNA in these radiation related signal transduction pathways from three different aspects which include the upstream receptors, midstream transducer pathways, and downstream effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Sen CK, Roy S. OxymiRs in cutaneous development, wound repair and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:971-80. [PMID: 23063665 PMCID: PMC3762568 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The state of tissue oxygenation is widely recognized as a major microenvironmental cue that is known to regulate the expression of coding genes. Recent works have extended that knowledge to demonstrate that the state of tissue oxygenation may potently regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRs). Collectively, such miRs that are implicated in defining biological outcomes in response to a change in the state of tissue oxygenation may be referred to as oxymiRs. Broadly, oxymiRs may be categorized into three groups: (A) the existence (expression and/or turnover) of which is directly influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; (B) the existence of which is indirectly (e.g. oxygen-sensitive proteins, metabolites, pH, etc.) influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; and (C) those that modify biological outcomes to changes in the state of tissue oxygenation by targeting oxygen sensing pathways. This work represents the first review of how oxymiRs may regulate development, repair and regeneration. Currently known oxymiRs may affect the functioning of a large number of coding genes which have hitherto fore never been linked to oxygen sensing. Many of such target genes have been validated and that number is steadily growing. Taken together, our understanding of oxymiRs has vastly expanded the implications of changes in the state of tissue oxygenation. This emerging paradigm has major implications in untangling the complexities underlying diseases associated with ischemia and related hypoxic insult such as chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Comprehensive Wound Center and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Song JT, Hu B, Qu HY, Bi CL, Huang XZ, Zhang M. Mechanical stretch modulates microRNA 21 expression, participating in proliferation and apoptosis in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47657. [PMID: 23082189 PMCID: PMC3474731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stretch affects vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, and several responsible genes have been proposed. We tested whether the expression of microRNA 21 (miR-21) is modulated by stretch and is involved in stretch-induced proliferation and apoptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Methods and Results RT-PCR revealed that elevated stretch (16% elongation, 1 Hz) increased miR-21 expression in cultured HASMCs, and moderate stretch (10% elongation, 1 Hz) decreased the expression. BrdU incorporation assay and cell counting showed miR-21 involved in the proliferation of HASMCs mediated by stretch, likely by regulating the expression of p27 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (p-Rb). FACS analysis revealed that the complex of miR-21 and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) participated in regulating apoptosis with stretch. Stretch increased the expression of primary miR-21 and pre-miR-21 in HASMCs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that stretch increased NF-κB and AP-1 activities in HASMCs, and blockade of AP-1 activity by c-jun siRNA significantly suppressed stretch-induced miR-21 expression. Conclusions Cyclic stretch modulates miR-21 expression in cultured HASMCs, and miR-21 plays important roles in regulating proliferation and apoptosis mediated by stretch. Stretch upregulates miR-21 expression at least in part at the transcription level and AP-1 is essential for stretch-induced miR-21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian tao Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Olivieri F, Spazzafumo L, Santini G, Lazzarini R, Albertini MC, Rippo MR, Galeazzi R, Abbatecola AM, Marcheselli F, Monti D, Ostan R, Cevenini E, Antonicelli R, Franceschi C, Procopio AD. Age-related differences in the expression of circulating microRNAs: miR-21 as a new circulating marker of inflammaging. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:675-85. [PMID: 23041385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRs) have been investigated as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in human diseases. However, little is known about their expression throughout the aging process. Eleven healthy individuals aged 20, 80 and 100 years underwent miR plasma profiling. The validation cohort consisted of 111 healthy adults (CTR) aged 20-105 years and included 30 centenarians. In addition, 34 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 15 healthy centenarian offspring (CO) were enrolled. An exploratory factorial analysis grouped the miRs into three main factors: factor 1 primarily higher in 20-year-old subjects, but these differences did not reach statistical significance, factor 2 primarily higher in octogenarians and factor 3 primarily higher in centenarians. MiR-21, the most highly expressed miR of factors 2 and 3, was further validated, confirming the differences in the age groups. MiR-21 expression was higher in the CVD patients and lower in the CO compared to the age-matched CTR. MiR-21 was correlated with C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels. TGF-β signaling was the predicted common pathway targeted by miRs of factors 2 and 3. TGF-βR2 mRNA, a validated miR-21 target, showed the highest expression in the leukocytes from a subset of the octogenarians. Our findings suggest that miR-21 may be a new biomarker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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CDA-2 induces cell differentiation through suppressing Twist/SLUG signaling via miR-124 in glioma. J Neurooncol 2012; 110:179-86. [PMID: 22918790 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation agent-2 (CDA-2) is an extraction from healthy human urine consisting of primary organic acids and peptides, and it has been demonstrated to inhibit growth and induce differentiation in glioma and other cell lines. But the mechanism of CDA-2 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that CDA-2 inhibited cell growth and induced differentiation of glioma cells, accompanied with decreased expression of SLUG, Twist and Vimentin in both SWO-38 and U251 cell lines. Overexpression of SLUG or Twist greatly eliminated the efficiency of CDA-2 in inducing differentiation. Further study showed that CDA-2 treatment resulted in great changed microRNAs (miRNAs) detected by quantitative PCR, in which miR-124 was one of the most changed miRNAs and its level was increased by fourfold. The result of miRNA target prediction showed that miR-124 could regulate hundreds of genes which were relative to cell differentiation, such as SLUG, Vimentin, actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, tight junction. Inhibition of miR-124 up-regulated SLUG, Twist and Vimentin proteins, and partly eliminated the function of CDA-2 on these mesenchymal markers. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that CDA-2 induced cell differentiation through suppressing Twist and SLUG via miR-124 in glioma cells.
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