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Casas-Román A, Lorite MJ, Werner M, Muñoz S, Gallegos MT, Sanjuán J. The gap gene of Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127737. [PMID: 38705080 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or Gap) is a ubiquitous enzyme essential for carbon and energy metabolism in most organisms. Despite its primary role in sugar metabolism, GAPDH is recognized for its involvement in diverse cellular processes, being considered a paradigm among multifunctional/moonlighting proteins. Besides its canonical cytoplasmic location, GAPDH has been detected on cell surfaces or as a secreted protein in prokaryotes, yet little is known about its possible roles in plant symbiotic bacteria. Here we report that Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of common beans, carries a single gap gene responsible for both GAPDH glycolytic and gluconeogenic activities. An active Gap protein is required throughout all stages of the symbiosis between R. etli and its host plant Phaseolus vulgaris. Both glycolytic and gluconeogenic Gap metabolic activities likely contribute to bacterial fitness during early and intermediate stages of the interaction, whereas GAPDH gluconeogenic activity seems critical for nodule invasion and nitrogen fixation. Although the R. etli Gap protein is secreted in a c-di-GMP related manner, no involvement of the R. etli gap gene in c-di-GMP related phenotypes, such as flocculation, biofilm formation or EPS production, was observed. Notably, the R. etli gap gene fully complemented a double gap1/gap2 mutant of Pseudomonas syringae for free life growth, albeit only partially in planta, suggesting potential specific roles for each type of Gap protein. Nevertheless, further research is required to unravel additional functions of the R. etli Gap protein beyond its essential metabolic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Casas-Román
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María-José Lorite
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Mariana Werner
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Socorro Muñoz
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María-Trinidad Gallegos
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Casas-Román A, Lorite MJ, Sanjuán J, Gallegos MT. Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases with distinctive roles in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127530. [PMID: 37890268 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or Gap) is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme that plays an essential role in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. However, additional roles have been described unrelated to its enzymatic function in diverse organisms, often linked to its presence in the cell surface or as a secreted protein. Despite being a paradigm among multifunctional/moonlighting proteins, little is known about its possible roles in phytopathogenic bacteria. In the present work we have studied three putative gap paralogous genes identified in the genome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, an important model in molecular plant pathology, with the aim of determining their physiological and possible non-canonical roles in this bacterium and in the plant infection process. We have established that the Gap1 protein has a predominantly glycolytic activity, whereas the NADPH-dependent Gap2 main activity is gluconeogenic. The third paralogue lacks GAPDH activity in Pto but is indispensable for vitamin B6 metabolism and displays erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, thus referred as epd. Both Gap enzymes exhibit distinct functional characteristics depending on the bacterium physiological state, with Gap1 presenting a substantial role in motility, biosurfactant production and biofilm formation. On the other hand, solely Gap2 appears to be essential for growth on tomato plant. Furthermore, Gap1 and Gap2 present a distinctive transcriptional regulation and both have been identified exported outside the cells with different definite media compositions. This serves as compelling evidence of additional roles beyond their central metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Casas-Román
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María-José Lorite
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - María-Trinidad Gallegos
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Zhu D, Fan Y, Wang X, Li P, Huang Y, Jiao J, Zhao C, Li Y, Wang S, Du X. Characterization of Molecular Chaperone GroEL as a Potential Virulence Factor in Cronobacter sakazakii. Foods 2023; 12:3404. [PMID: 37761113 PMCID: PMC10528849 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone GroEL of C. sakazakii, a highly conserved protein encoded by the gene grol, has the basic function of responding to heat shock, thus enhancing the bacterium's adaptation to dry and high-temperature environments, which poses a threat to food safety and human health. Our previous study demonstrated that GroEL was found in the bacterial membrane fraction and caused a strong immune response in C. sakazakii. In this study, we tried to elucidate the subcellular location and virulent effects of GroEL. In live C. sakazakii cells, GroEL existed in both the soluble and insoluble fractions. To study the secretory mechanism of GroEL protein, a non-reduced Western immunoblot was used to analyze the form of the protein, and the result showed that the exported GroEL protein was mainly in monomeric form. The exported GroEL could also be located on bacterial surface. To further research the virulent effect of C. sakazakii GroEL, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the adhesion of recombinant GroEL protein to HCT-8 cells. The results indicated that the recombinant GroEL protein could adhere to HCT-8 cells in a short period of time. The recombinant GroEL protein could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to release more pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8), downregulating the expression of tight-junction proteins (claudin-1, occluding, ZO-1 and ZO-2), which collectively resulted in dose-dependent virulent effects on host cells. Inhibition of the grol gene expression resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial adhesion to and invasion of HCT-8 cells. Moreover, the deficient GroEL also caused slow growth, decreased biofilm formation, defective motility and abnormal filamentation of the bacteria. In brief, C. sakazakii GroEL was an important virulence factor. This protein was not only crucial for the physiological activity of C. sakazakii but could also be secreted to enhance the bacterium's adhesion and invasion capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Yufei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Yaping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jingbo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Chumin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (D.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.W.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (J.J.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.)
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Satala D, Bednarek A, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. The Recruitment and Activation of Plasminogen by Bacteria-The Involvement in Chronic Infection Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10436. [PMID: 37445613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria is largely related to the specific properties of the bacterial cell surface and extracellular hydrolytic activity. Furthermore, a significant role of hijacking of host proteolytic cascades by pathogens during invasion should not be disregarded during consideration of the mechanisms of bacterial virulence. This is the key factor for the pathogen evasion of the host immune response, tissue damage, and pathogen invasiveness at secondary infection sites after initial penetration through tissue barriers. In this review, the mechanisms of bacterial impact on host plasminogen-the precursor of the important plasma serine proteinase, plasmin-are characterized, principally focusing on cell surface exposition of various proteins, responsible for binding of this host (pro)enzyme and its activators or inhibitors, as well as the fibrinolytic system activation tactics exploited by different bacterial species, not only pathogenic, but also selected harmless residents of the human microbiome. Additionally, the involvement of bacterial factors that modulate the process of plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis during periodontitis is also described, providing a remarkable example of a dual use of this host system in the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Bednarek
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Navas-Yuste S, de la Paz K, Querol-García J, Gómez-Quevedo S, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. The structure of Leptospira interrogans GAPDH sheds light into an immunoevasion factor that can target the anaphylatoxin C5a of innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190943. [PMID: 37409124 PMCID: PMC10318897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected worldwide zoonosis involving farm animals and domestic pets caused by the Gram-negative spirochete Leptospira interrogans. This bacterium deploys a variety of immune evasive mechanisms, some of them targeted at the complement system of the host's innate immunity. In this work, we have solved the X-ray crystallographic structure of L. interrogans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to 2.37-Å resolution, a glycolytic enzyme that has been shown to exhibit moonlighting functions that potentiate infectivity and immune evasion in various pathogenic organisms. Besides, we have characterized the enzyme's kinetic parameters toward the cognate substrates and have proven that the two natural products anacardic acid and curcumin are able to inhibit L. interrogans GAPDH at micromolar concentration through a noncompetitive inhibition modality. Furthermore, we have established that L. interrogans GAPDH can interact with the anaphylatoxin C5a of human innate immunity in vitro using bio-layer interferometry and a short-range cross-linking reagent that tethers free thiol groups in protein complexes. To shed light into the interaction between L. interrogans GAPDH and C5a, we have also carried out cross-link guided protein-protein docking. These results suggest that L. interrogans could be placed in the growing list of bacterial pathogens that exploit glycolytic enzymes as extracellular immune evasive factors. Analysis of the docking results indicates a low affinity interaction that is consistent with previous evidence, including known binding modes of other α-helical proteins with GAPDH. These findings allow us to propose L. interrogans GAPDH as a potential immune evasive factor targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navas-Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla de la Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Quevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Lorite MJ, Casas-Román A, Girard L, Encarnación S, Díaz-Garrido N, Badía J, Baldomá L, Pérez-Mendoza D, Sanjuán J. Impact of c-di-GMP on the Extracellular Proteome of Rhizobium etli. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010044. [PMID: 36671740 PMCID: PMC9855851 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix components of bacterial biofilms include biopolymers such as polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. Similar to polysaccharides, the secretion of adhesins and other matrix proteins can be regulated by the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (cdG). We have performed quantitative proteomics to determine the extracellular protein contents of a Rhizobium etli strain expressing high cdG intracellular levels. cdG promoted the exportation of proteins that likely participate in adhesion and biofilm formation: the rhizobial adhesion protein RapA and two previously undescribed likely adhesins, along with flagellins. Unexpectedly, cdG also promoted the selective exportation of cytoplasmic proteins. Nearly 50% of these cytoplasmic proteins have been previously described as moonlighting or candidate moonlighting proteins in other organisms, often found extracellularly. Western blot assays confirmed cdG-promoted export of two of these cytoplasmic proteins, the translation elongation factor (EF-Tu) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gap). Transmission Electron Microscopy immunolabeling located the Gap protein in the cytoplasm but was also associated with cell membranes and extracellularly, indicative of an active process of exportation that would be enhanced by cdG. We also obtained evidence that cdG increases the number of extracellular Gap proteoforms, suggesting a link between cdG, the post-translational modification and the export of cytoplasmic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Lorite
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ariana Casas-Román
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Girard
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas (CCG), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas (CCG), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badía
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomá
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Mendoza
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-526-552
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Piletska E, Thompson D, Jones R, Cruz AG, Poblocka M, Canfarotta F, Norman R, Macip S, Jones DJL, Piletsky S. Snapshot imprinting as a tool for surface mapping and identification of novel biomarkers of senescent cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5304-5311. [PMID: 36540121 PMCID: PMC9724690 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has proved to be a strong contributor to ageing and age-related diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the protein content of senescent cells is highly relevant to drug discovery, diagnostics and therapeutic applications. However, current technologies for the analysis of proteins are based on a combination of separation techniques and mass spectrometry, which require handling large sample sizes and a large volume of data and are time-consuming. This limits their application in personalised medicine. An easy, quick and inexpensive procedure is needed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins expressed by a cell or tissue. Here, we describe the use of the "snapshot imprinting" approach for the identification of proteins differentially expressed by senescent cells. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) were formed in the presence of whole cells. Following trypsinolysis, protein epitopes protected by complex with MIPs were eluted from the nanoparticles and analysed by LC-MS/MS. In this work, "snapshot imprinting" was performed parallel to a standard proteomic "shaving approach", showing similar results. The analysis by "snapshot imprinting" identified three senescent-specific proteins: cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase, partitioning defective three homolog B and putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX57, the abundance of which could potentially make them specific markers of senescence. Identifying biomarkers for the future elimination of senescent cells grants the potential for developing therapeutics for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piletska
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Dana Thompson
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Alvaro Garcia Cruz
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Marta Poblocka
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Francesco Canfarotta
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Rachel Norman
- FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya 08018 Barcelona Spain
| | - Salvador Macip
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
- FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya 08018 Barcelona Spain
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Department of Cancer Studies, RKCSB, University of Leicester Leicester LE2 7LX UK
| | - Sergey Piletsky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK
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Triboulet S, N’Gadjaga MD, Niragire B, Köstlbacher S, Horn M, Aimanianda V, Subtil A. CT295 Is Chlamydia trachomatis’ Phosphoglucomutase and a Type 3 Secretion Substrate. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:866729. [PMID: 35795184 PMCID: PMC9251005 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis store glycogen in the lumen of the vacuoles in which they grow. Glycogen catabolism generates glucose-1-phosphate (Glc1P), while the bacteria can take up only glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P). We tested whether the conversion of Glc1P into Glc6P could be catalyzed by a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) of host or bacterial origin. We found no evidence for the presence of the host PGM in the vacuole. Two C. trachomatis proteins, CT295 and CT815, are potential PGMs. By reconstituting the reaction using purified proteins, and by complementing PGM deficient fibroblasts, we demonstrated that only CT295 displayed robust PGM activity. Intriguingly, we showed that glycogen accumulation in the lumen of the vacuole of a subset of Chlamydia species (C. trachomatis, C. muridarum, C. suis) correlated with the presence, in CT295 orthologs, of a secretion signal recognized by the type three secretion (T3S) machinery of Shigella. C. caviae and C. pneumoniae do not accumulate glycogen, and their CT295 orthologs lack T3S signals. In conclusion, we established that the conversion of Glc1P into Glc6P was accomplished by a bacterial PGM, through the acquisition of a T3S signal in a “housekeeping” protein. Acquisition of this signal likely contributed to shaping glycogen metabolism within Chlamydiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Triboulet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l’Infection Microbienne, Paris, France
| | - Maimouna D. N’Gadjaga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l’Infection Microbienne, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Niragire
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l’Infection Microbienne, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Köstlbacher
- Centre for Microbiology and Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Horn
- Centre for Microbiology and Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Subtil
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l’Infection Microbienne, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Agathe Subtil,
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9
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Piletska E, Magumba K, Joseph L, Garcia Cruz A, Norman R, Singh R, Tabasso AFS, Jones DJL, Macip S, Piletsky S. Molecular imprinting as a tool for determining molecular markers: a lung cancer case. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17747-17754. [PMID: 35765329 PMCID: PMC9200412 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining which cancer patients will be sensitive to a given therapy is essential for personalised medicine. Thus, it is important to develop new tools that will allow us to stratify patients according to their predicted response to treatment. The aim of work presented here was to use molecular imprinting for determining the sensitivity of lung cancer cell lines to ionising radiation based on cell surface proteomic differences. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) were formed in the presence of whole cells. Following trypsinolysis, protein epitopes protected by complexing with MIPs were eluted from the nanoparticles and analysed by LC-MS/MS. The analysis identified two membrane proteins, neutral amino acid transporter B (0) and 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain, the abundance of which in the lung cancer cells could indicate resistance of these cells to radiotherapy. This proof-of-principle experiments shows that this technology can be used in the discovery of new biomarkers and in development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for a personalised medicine approach to treating cancer. A first use of molecular imprinting for characterisation of surfaceome of the lung cancer cells and discovery of the molecular markers for radiosensitivity: towards development of an effective tool for cancer therapy and personalised medicine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piletska
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester UK +44-(0)116-0294-4666
| | - Kirabo Magumba
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester UK +44-(0)116-0294-4666
| | - Lesslly Joseph
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester UK +44-(0)116-0294-4666
| | - Alvaro Garcia Cruz
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester UK +44-(0)116-0294-4666
| | - Rachel Norman
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester UK
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester UK
| | - Antonella F S Tabasso
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester UK.,Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester Leicester UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK
| | - Salvador Macip
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester Leicester UK.,FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Sergey Piletsky
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester Leicester UK +44-(0)116-0294-4666
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10
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Ferreira Leal B, Sanchez Ferreira CA. Ticks and antibodies: May parasite density and tick evasion influence the outcomes following immunization protocols? Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109610. [PMID: 34735848 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are a major concern to human health and livestock worldwide, being responsible for economic losses that go beyond billions of US dollars per year. This scenario instigates the development of vaccines against these ectoparasites, emphasized by the fact that the main method of controlling ticks still relies on the use of acaricides, what increases costs and may affect the environment as well as human and animal health. The first commercial vaccines against ectoparasites were produced against the tick Rhipicephalus microplus and their efficacy were based on antibodies. Many additional attempts have been conducted to produce protective immune responses against ticks by immunization with specific antigens and the antibody response has usually been the main target of evaluation. But some controversy still populates the roles possibly performed by humoral responses in tick-mammalian host relationships. This review focuses on the analysis of specific aspects concerning antibodies and ticks, especially the influence of parasite density and evasion/modulation. The immunization trials already described against R. microplus were also compiled and analyzed based on the characteristics of the molecules tested, protocols of immunization and tick challenge. Within these issues, it is discussed if or when antibody levels can be directly correlated with the development of tick resistance, and whether anti-tick protective immune responses generated by infestations may become ineffective under a different tick density. Also, higher titers of antibodies can be correlated with protection or susceptibility to tick infestations, what may be altered following continuous or repeated infestations and differ greatly comparing hosts with distinct genetic backgrounds. Regarding evasion, ticks present a sophisticated mechanism for dealing with antibodies, including Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins (IGBPs), that capture, transport and inject them back into the host, while keeping their properties within the parasite. The comparison of immunization protocols shows a total of 22 molecules already tested in cattle vaccination trials against R. microplus, with the predominance of concealed and dual antigens as well as marked differences in tick challenge schemes. The presence of an antibody evasion apparatus and variable levels of tick resistance when facing different densities of parasites are concerns that should be considered when testing vaccine candidates. Ultimately, more refinement may be necessary to effectively design a cocktail vaccine with tick molecules, which may be needed to be altered and combined in non-competing immune contexts to be universally secure and protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ferreira Leal
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alexandre Sanchez Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase present in extracellular vesicles from Leishmania major suppresses host TNF-alpha expression. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101198. [PMID: 34534548 PMCID: PMC8502904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) fulfills various physiological roles that are unrelated to its glycolytic function. However, to date, the nonglycolytic function of GAPDH in trypanosomal parasites is absent from the literature. Exosomes secreted from Leishmania, like entire parasites, were found to have a significant impact on macrophage cell signaling and function, indicating cross talk with the host immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that the Leishmania GAPDH (LmGAPDH) protein is highly enriched within the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted during infection. To understand the function of LmGAPDH in EVs, we generated control, overexpressed, half-knockout (HKO), and complement cell lines. HKO cells displayed lower virulence compared with control cells when macrophages and BALB/c mice were infected with them, implying a crucial role for LmGAPDH in Leishmania infection and disease progression. Furthermore, upon infection of macrophages with HKO mutant Leishmania and its EVs, despite no differences in TNFA mRNA expression, there was a considerable increase in TNF-α protein expression compared with control, overexpressed, and complement parasites as determined by ELISA, RT-PCR, and immunoblot data. In vitro protein translation studies suggest that LmGAPDH-mediated TNF-α suppression occurs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, mRNA binding assays also verified that LmGAPDH binds to the AU-rich 3′-UTR region of TNFA mRNA, limiting its production. Together, these findings confirmed that the LmGAPDH contained in EVs inhibits TNF-α expression in macrophages during infection via posttranscriptional repression.
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12
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Ageorges V, Monteiro R, Leroy S, Burgess CM, Pizza M, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Desvaux M. Molecular determinants of surface colonisation in diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC): from bacterial adhesion to biofilm formation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:314-350. [PMID: 32239203 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is primarily known as a commensal colonising the gastrointestinal tract of infants very early in life but some strains being responsible for diarrhoea, which can be especially severe in young children. Intestinal pathogenic E. coli include six pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC), namely, the (i) enterotoxigenic E. coli, (ii) enteroaggregative E. coli, (iii) enteropathogenic E. coli, (iv) enterohemorragic E. coli, (v) enteroinvasive E. coli and (vi) diffusely adherent E. coli. Prior to human infection, DEC can be found in natural environments, animal reservoirs, food processing environments and contaminated food matrices. From an ecophysiological point of view, DEC thus deal with very different biotopes and biocoenoses all along the food chain. In this context, this review focuses on the wide range of surface molecular determinants acting as surface colonisation factors (SCFs) in DEC. In the first instance, SCFs can be broadly discriminated into (i) extracellular polysaccharides, (ii) extracellular DNA and (iii) surface proteins. Surface proteins constitute the most diverse group of SCFs broadly discriminated into (i) monomeric SCFs, such as autotransporter (AT) adhesins, inverted ATs, heat-resistant agglutinins or some moonlighting proteins, (ii) oligomeric SCFs, namely, the trimeric ATs and (iii) supramolecular SCFs, including flagella and numerous pili, e.g. the injectisome, type 4 pili, curli chaperone-usher pili or conjugative pili. This review also details the gene regulatory network of these numerous SCFs at the various stages as it occurs from pre-transcriptional to post-translocational levels, which remains to be fully elucidated in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ageorges
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ricardo Monteiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine M Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | | | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Lallemand Animal Nutrition SAS, F-31702 Blagnac Cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Sun Y, Xu B, Zhuge X, Tang F, Wang X, Gong Q, Chen R, Xue F, Dai J. Factor H Is Bound by Outer Membrane-Displayed Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Contributes to Opsonophagocytosis Resistance in Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:592906. [PMID: 33569353 PMCID: PMC7868385 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.592906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) causes bloodstream infections in humans and animals. Complement escape is a prerequisite for bacteria to survive in the bloodstream. Factor H (FH) is an important regulatory protein of the complement system. In this study, ExPEC was found to bind FH from serum. However, the mechanisms of ExPEC binding to FH and then resistance to complement-mediated attacks remain unclear. Here, a method that combined desthiobiotin pull-down and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the FH-binding membrane proteins of ExPEC. Seven identified proteins, which all were carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (CMEs), including acetate kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit, L-lactate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase, were verified to recruit FH from serum using GST pull-down and ELISA plate binding assay. The ELISA plate binding assay determined that these seven proteins bind to FH in a dose-dependent manner. Magnetic beads coupled with any one of seven proteins significantly reduced the FH recruitment of ExPEC (p < 0.05) Subsequently, immunofluorescence, colony blotting, and Western blotting targeting outer membrane proteins determined that these seven CMEs were located on the outer membrane of ExPEC. Furthermore, the FH recruitment levels and C3b deposition levels on bacteria were significantly increased and decreased in an FH-concentration-dependent manner, respectively (p < 0.05). The FH recruitment significantly enhanced the ability of ExPEC to resist the opsonophagocytosis of human macrophage THP-1 in an FH-concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05), which revealed a new mechanism for ExPEC to escape complement-mediated killing. The identification of novel outer membrane-displayed CMEs which played a role in the FH recruitment contributes to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ExPEC pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,National Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Monteiro R, Chafsey I, Ageorges V, Leroy S, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Livrelli V, Pizza M, Pezzicoli A, Desvaux M. The Secretome landscape of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Deciphering the cell-surface, outer membrane vesicle and extracellular subproteomes. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104025. [PMID: 33160105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are the most virulent anthropozoonotic agents. The ability of bacterial cells to functionally interact with their surrounding essentially relies on the secretion of different protein effectors. To experimentally determine the repertoire of extracytoproteins in E. coli O157:H7, a subproteomic analysis was performed not only considering the extracellular milieu but the cell surface and outer membrane vesicles. Following a secretome-based approach, the proteins trafficking from the interior to the exterior of the cell were depicted considering cognate protein transport systems and subcellular localisation. Label-free quantitative analysis of the proteosurfaceome, proteovesiculome and exoproteome from E. coli O157:H7 grown in three different nutrient media revealed differential protein expression profiles and allowed defining the core and variant subproteomes. Network analysis further revealed the higher abundance of some protein clusters in chemically defined medium over rich complex medium, especially related to some outer membrane proteins, ABC transport and Type III secretion systems. This first comprehensive study of the EHEC secretome unravels the profound influence of environmental conditions on the extracytoplasmic proteome, provides new insight in the physiology of E. coli O157:H7 and identifies potentially important molecular targets for the development of preventive strategies against EHEC/STEC. SIGNIFICANCE: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is responsible for severe diarrhoea especially in young children. Despite years of investigations, the global view of the extracytoplasmic proteins expressed in this microorganism was eluded. To provide the first comprehensive view of the secretome landscape of E. coli O157:H7, the exoproteome, proteosurfaceome and proteovesiculome were profiled using growth conditions most likely to induce changes in bacterial protein secretion. The profound influence of growth conditions on the extracytoplasmic proteome was unravelled and allowed identifying the core and variant subproteomes. Besides new insight in the physiology of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, these proteins potentially constitute important molecular targets for the development of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Monteiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Ingrid Chafsey
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Ageorges
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRAE, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRAE, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Valérie Livrelli
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INSERM, INRAE, M2ISH, F-63000 Clermont-ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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15
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Kopeckova M, Pavkova I, Stulik J. Diverse Localization and Protein Binding Abilities of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Pathogenic Bacteria: The Key to its Multifunctionality? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:89. [PMID: 32195198 PMCID: PMC7062713 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial proteins exhibiting two or more unrelated functions, referred to as moonlighting proteins, are suggested to contribute to full virulence manifestation in pathogens. An expanding number of published studies have revealed the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to be a multitasking protein with virulence impact in a number of pathogenic bacteria. This protein can be detected on the bacterial surface or outside the bacterial cell, where it interacts with host proteins. In this way, GAPDH is able to modulate various pathogenic processes. Moreover, it has been shown to be involved in non-enzymatic processes inside the bacterial cell. In this mini review, we summarize main findings concerning the multiple localization and protein interactions of GAPDH derived from bacterial pathogens of humans. We also briefly discuss problems associated with using GAPDH as a vaccine antigen and endeavor to inspire further research to fill gaps in the existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeckova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ivona Pavkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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16
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Bensaoud C, Aounallah H, Sciani JM, Faria F, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Bouattour A, M'ghirbi Y. Proteomic informed by transcriptomic for salivary glands components of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:675. [PMID: 31455241 PMCID: PMC6712667 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hard tick Hyalomma dromedarii is one of the most injurious ectoparasites affecting camels and apparently best adapted to deserts. As long-term blood feeders, ticks are threatened by host defense system compounds that can cause them to be rejected and, ultimately, to die. However, their saliva contains a cocktail of bioactive molecules that enables them to succeed in taking their blood meal. A recent sialotranscriptomic study uncovered the complexity of the salivary composition of the tick H. dromedarii and provided a database for a proteomic analysis. We carried out a proteomic-informed by transcriptomic (PIT) to identify proteins in salivary glands of both genders of this tick species. Results We reported the array of 1111 proteins identified in the salivary glands of H. dromedarii ticks. Only 24% of the proteins were shared by both genders, and concur with the previously described sialotranscriptome complexity. The comparative analysis of the salivary glands of both genders did not reveal any great differences in the number or class of proteins expressed their enzymatic composition or functional classification. Indeed, few proteins in the entire proteome matched those predicted from the transcriptome while others corresponded to other proteins of other tick species. Conclusion This investigation represents the first proteomic study of H. dromedarii salivary glands. Our results shed light on the differences between the composition of H. dromedarii male and female salivary glands, thus enabling us to better understand the gender-specific strategy to feed successfully. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6042-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Bensaoud
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Service d'entomologie médicale, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie. .,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, Ceske Budejovice (Budweis), Czechia.
| | - Hajer Aounallah
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Service d'entomologie médicale, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil.,Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, CEP 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ali Bouattour
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Service d'entomologie médicale, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Youmna M'ghirbi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Service d'entomologie médicale, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie
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17
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Gómez S, Querol-García J, Sánchez-Barrón G, Subias M, González-Alsina À, Franco-Hidalgo V, Albertí S, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. The Antimicrobials Anacardic Acid and Curcumin Are Not-Competitive Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogenic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by a Mechanism Unrelated to Human C5a Anaphylatoxin Binding. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:326. [PMID: 30863383 PMCID: PMC6400076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous and highly abundant glycolytic enzyme D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is pivotal for the energy and carbon metabolism of most organisms, including human pathogenic bacteria. For bacteria that depend mostly on glycolysis for survival, GAPDH is an attractive target for inhibitor discovery. The availability of high-resolution structures of GAPDH from various pathogenic bacteria is central to the discovery of new antibacterial compounds. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of two new GAPDH enzymes from Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium perfringens. These two structures, and the recent structure of Atopobium vaginae GAPDH, reveal details in the active site that can be exploited for the design of novel inhibitors based on naturally occurring molecules. Two such molecules, anacardic acid and curcumin, have been found to counter bacterial infection in clinical settings, although the cellular targets responsible for their antimicrobial properties remain unknown. We show that both anacardic acid and curcumin inhibit GAPDH from two bacterial pathogens through uncompetitive and non-competitive mechanisms, suggesting GAPDH as a relevant pharmaceutical target for antibacterial development. Inhibition of GAPDH by anacardic acid and curcumin seems to be unrelated to the immune evasion function of pathogenic bacterial GAPDH, since neither natural compound interfere with binding to the human C5a anaphylatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gara Sánchez-Barrón
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Subias
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Àlex González-Alsina
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Albertí
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Cristina Vega
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Shahzad R, Khan AL, Waqas M, Ullah I, Bilal S, Kim YH, Asaf S, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Metabolic and proteomic alteration in phytohormone-producing endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 during methanol utilization. Metabolomics 2019; 15:16. [PMID: 30830445 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methanol utilization by bacteria is important for various industrial processes. Methylotrophic bacteria are taxonomically diverse and some species promote plant growth and induce stress tolerance. However, methylotrophic potential of bacterial endophytes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the metabolomic and proteomic changes in endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 caused by its methanol utilization and the resultant influence on its phytohormone production. METHODS B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 was grown in LB medium with different concentrations [0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4%) of methanol to examine its methylotrophic potential. SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out for bacterial protein confirmation. Moreover, the phytohormones (indole 3 acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA)) produced by RWL-1 in methanol supplemented medium were quantified by GC-MS/SIM (6890N Network GC system, and 5973 Network Mass Selective Detector; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), while the antioxidants were estimated spectrophotometrically (T60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Leicester, UK). The amino acid quantification was carried out by amino acid analyzer (HITACHI L-8900, Japan). Furthermore, Nano-liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis was performed with an Agilent system (Wilmington, DE, USA) for proteomic analysis while mascot algorithm (Matrix science, USA) was used to identify peptide sequences present in the protein sequence database. RESULTS RWL-1 showed significant growth in media supplemented with 2 and 3.5% methanol, when compared with other concentrations. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that RWL-1 utilizes methanol efficiently as a carbon source. In the presence of methanol, RWL-1 produced significantly higher levels of IAA but lower levels of ABA, when compared with the control. Further, enzymatic antioxidants and functional amino acids were significantly up-regulated, with predominant expression of glutamic acid and alanine. Nano-liquid chromatography, quadrupole time-of-flight analysis, and quantitative analysis of methanol-treated bacterial cells showed expression of eight different types of proteins, including detoxification proteins, unrecognized and unclassified enzymes with antioxidant properties, proteases, metabolism enzymes, ribosomal proteins, antioxidant proteins, chaperones, and heat shock proteins. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that RWL-1 can significantly enhance its growth by utilizing methanol, and could produce phytohormones when growing in methanol-supplemented media, with increased expression of specific proteins and different biochemicals. These results will be useful in devising strategies for utilizing methylotrophic bacterial endophytes as alternative promoters of plant growth. Understanding RWL-1 ability to utilize methanol. The survival and phytohormones production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in methanol supplemented media whistle inducing metabolic and proteomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Plasminogen-binding proteins as an evasion mechanism of the host's innate immunity in infectious diseases. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180705. [PMID: 30166455 PMCID: PMC6167496 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have developed particular strategies to infect and invade their hosts. Amongst these strategies’ figures the modulation of several components of the innate immune system participating in early host defenses, such as the coagulation and complement cascades, as well as the fibrinolytic system. The components of the coagulation cascade and the fibrinolytic system have been proposed to be interfered during host invasion and tissue migration of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and more recently, helminths. One of the components that has been proposed to facilitate pathogen migration is plasminogen (Plg), a protein found in the host’s plasma, which is activated into plasmin (Plm), a serine protease that degrades fibrin networks and promotes degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), aiding maintenance of homeostasis. However, pathogens possess Plg-binding proteins that can activate it, therefore taking advantage of the fibrin degradation to facilitate establishment in their hosts. Emergence of Plg-binding proteins appears to have occurred in diverse infectious agents along evolutionary history of host–pathogen relationships. The goal of the present review is to list, summarize, and analyze different examples of Plg-binding proteins used by infectious agents to invade and establish in their hosts. Emphasis was placed on mechanisms used by helminth parasites, particularly taeniid cestodes, where enolase has been identified as a major Plg-binding and activating protein. A new picture is starting to arise about how this glycolytic enzyme could acquire an entirely new role as modulator of the innate immune system in the context of the host–parasite relationship.
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20
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Artier J, da Silva Zandonadi F, de Souza Carvalho FM, Pauletti BA, Leme AFP, Carnielli CM, Selistre‐de‐Araujo HS, Bertolini MC, Ferro JA, Belasque Júnior J, de Oliveira JCF, Novo‐Mansur MTM. Comparative proteomic analysis of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri periplasmic proteins reveals changes in cellular envelope metabolism during in vitro pathogenicity induction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:143-157. [PMID: 27798950 PMCID: PMC6638008 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker is a plant disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Xanthomonas. The most virulent species is Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (XAC), which attacks a wide range of citrus hosts. Differential proteomic analysis of the periplasm-enriched fraction was performed for XAC cells grown in pathogenicity-inducing (XAM-M) and pathogenicity-non-inducing (nutrient broth) media using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Amongst the 40 proteins identified, transglycosylase was detected in a highly abundant spot in XAC cells grown under inducing condition. Additional up-regulated proteins related to cellular envelope metabolism included glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase, dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose-3,5-epimerase and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase. Phosphoglucomutase and superoxide dismutase proteins, known to be involved in pathogenicity in other Xanthomonas species or organisms, were also detected. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses for transglycosylase and superoxide dismutase confirmed that these proteins were up-regulated under inducing condition, consistent with the proteomic results. Multiple spots for the 60-kDa chaperonin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were identified, suggesting the presence of post-translational modifications. We propose that substantial alterations in cellular envelope metabolism occur during the XAC infectious process, which are related to several aspects, from defence against reactive oxygen species to exopolysaccharide synthesis. Our results provide new candidates for virulence-related proteins, whose abundance correlates with the induction of pathogenicity and virulence genes, such as hrpD6, hrpG, hrpB7, hpa1 and hrpX. The results present new potential targets against XAC to be investigated in further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Artier
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Flávia da Silva Zandonadi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria de Souza Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSP14884‐900Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- LNBio, CNPEMLaboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de BiociênciasCampinasSP13083‐970Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- LNBio, CNPEMLaboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de BiociênciasCampinasSP13083‐970Brazil
| | - Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | | | - Maria Célia Bertolini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Instituto de Química, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquaraSP14800‐060Brazil
| | - Jesus Aparecido Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSP14884‐900Brazil
| | - José Belasque Júnior
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’Universidade de São PauloPiracicabaSP13418‐900Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Franco de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Microbianas, Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESPDiademaSP09913‐030Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo‐Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
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21
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Fernández FJ, Gómez S, Vega MC. Pathogens' toolbox to manipulate human complement. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:98-109. [PMID: 29221973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The surveillance and pathogen fighting functions of the complement system have evolved to protect mammals from life-threatening infections. In turn, pathogens have developed complex molecular mechanisms to subvert, divert and evade the effector functions of the complement. The study of complement immunoevasion by pathogens sheds light on their infection drivers, knowledge that is essential to implement therapies. At the same time, complement evasion also acts as a discovery ground that reveals important aspects of how complement works under physiological conditions. In recent years, complex interrelationships between infection insults and the onset of autoimmune and complement dysregulation diseases have led to propose that encounters with pathogens can act as triggering factors for disease. The correct management of these diseases involves the recognition of their triggering factors and the development and administration of complement-associated molecular therapies. Even more recently, unsuspected proteins from pathogens have been shown to possess moonlighting functions as virulence factors, raising the possibility that behind the first line of virulence factors there be many more pathogen proteins playing secondary, helping and supporting roles for the pathogen to successfully establish infections. In an era where antibiotics have a progressively reduced effect on the management and control of infectious diseases worldwide, knowledge on the mechanisms of pathogenic invasion and evasion look more necessary and pressing than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Stability of Proteins Out of Service: the GapB Case of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00148-17. [PMID: 28760849 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00148-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis possesses two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases with opposite roles, the glycolytic NAD-dependent GapA and the NADP-dependent GapB enzyme, which is exclusively required during gluconeogenesis but not active under conditions promoting glycolysis. We propose that proteins that are no longer needed will be recognized and proteolyzed by Clp proteases and thereby recycled. To test this postulation, we analyzed the stability of the glycolytic enzyme GapA and the gluconeogenetic enzyme GapB in the presence and absence of glucose. It turned out that GapA remained rather stable under both glycolytic and gluconeogenetic conditions. In contrast, the gluconeogenetic enzyme GapB was degraded after a shift from malate to glucose (i.e., from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis), displaying an estimated half-life of approximately 3 h. Comparative in vivo pulse-chase labeling and immunoprecipitation experiments of the wild-type strain and isogenic mutants identified the ATP-dependent ClpCP protease as the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GapB. However, arginine protein phosphorylation, which was recently described as a general tagging mechanism for protein degradation, did not seem to play a role in GapB proteolysis, because GapB was also degraded in a mcsB mutant, lacking arginine kinase, in the same manner as in the wild type.IMPORTANCE GapB, the NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphosphate dehydrogenase, is essential for B. subtilis under gluconeogenetic conditions. However, after a shift to glycolytic conditions, GapB loses its physiological function within the cell and becomes susceptible to degradation, in contrast to GapA, the glycolytic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which remains stable under glycolytic and gluconeogenetic conditions. Subsequently, GapB is proteolyzed in a ClpCP-dependent manner. According to our data, the arginine kinase McsB is not involved as adaptor protein in this process. ClpCP appears to be in charge in the removal of inoperable enzymes in B. subtilis, which is a strictly regulated process in which the precise recognition mechanism(s) remains to be identified.
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23
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Liu Y, Zhao L, Yang M, Yin K, Zhou X, Leung KY, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Transcriptomic dissection of the horizontally acquired response regulator EsrB reveals its global regulatory roles in the physiological adaptation and activation of T3SS and the cognate effector repertoire in Edwardsiella piscicida during infection toward turbot. Virulence 2017; 8:1355-1377. [PMID: 28441105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1323157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide aquaculture industries. The 2-component system (TCS) EsrA-EsrB is essential for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. However, little is known about the regulon and regulatory mechanism of EsrA-EsrB or about the factors that mediate the interaction of TCS with bacterial hosts. Here, our RNA-seq analysis indicated that EsrB strongly induces type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS) expression and that it modulates the expression of both physiology- and virulence-associated genes in E. piscicida grown in DMEM. EsrB binds directly to a highly conserved 18-bp DNA motif to regulate the expression of T3SS and other genes. EsrB/DMEM-activated genes include 3 known and 6 novel T3SS-dependent effectors. All these effector genes are highly induced by EsrB during the late stage of in vivo infection in fish. Furthermore, although in vivo colonization by the bacterium relies on EsrB and T3/T6SS expression, it does not require the expression of individual effectors other than EseJ. The mutant lacking these 9 effectors showed significant defects in in vivo colonization and virulence toward turbot, and, more importantly, a high level of protection against challenges by wild-type E. piscicida, suggesting that it may represent a promising live attenuated vaccine. Taken together, our data demonstrate that EsrB plays a global regulatory role in controlling physiologic responses and the expression of T3SS and its cognate effector genes. Our findings will facilitate further work on the mechanism of molecular pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Minjun Yang
- b Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics , Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai , Shanghai , China
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- c Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,d Department of Biology , Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trinity Western University , Langley , BC , Canada
| | - Qin Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
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24
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Querol-García J, Fernández FJ, Marin AV, Gómez S, Fullà D, Melchor-Tafur C, Franco-Hidalgo V, Albertí S, Juanhuix J, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Regueiro JR, Vega MC. Crystal Structure of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from the Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogen A. vaginae, an Immunoevasive Factor that Interacts with the Human C5a Anaphylatoxin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:541. [PMID: 28443070 PMCID: PMC5385343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive anaerobic human pathogenic bacterium Atopobium vaginae causes most diagnosed cases of bacterial vaginosis as well as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. In addition to its well-established role in carbohydrate metabolism, D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae have been reported to act as extracellular virulence factors during streptococcal infections. Here, we report the crystal structure of GAPDH from A. vaginae (AvGAPDH) at 2.19 Å resolution. The refined model has a crystallographic Rfree of 22.6%. AvGAPDH is a homotetramer wherein each subunit is bound to a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) molecule. The AvGAPDH enzyme fulfills essential glycolytic as well as moonlight (non-glycolytic) functions, both of which might be targets of chemotherapeutic intervention. We report that AvGAPDH interacts in vitro with the human C5a anaphylatoxin and inhibits C5a-specific granulocyte chemotaxis, thereby suggesting the participation of AvGAPDH in complement-targeted immunoevasion in a context of infection. The availability of high-quality structures of AvGAPDH and other homologous virulence factors from Gram-positive pathogens is critical for drug discovery programs. In this study, sequence and structural differences between AvGAPDH and related bacterial and eukaryotic GAPDH enzymes are reported in an effort to understand how to subvert the immunoevasive properties of GAPDH and evaluate the potential of AvGAPDH as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Querol-García
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain.,Abvance Biotech srlMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana V Marin
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fullà
- ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Melchor-Tafur
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Franco-Hidalgo
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
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25
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Comparative Secretome Analysis Reveals Perturbation of Host Secretion Pathways by a Hypovirus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34308. [PMID: 27698384 PMCID: PMC5048421 DOI: 10.1038/srep34308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the impact of a hypovirus infection on the secretome of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology were employed to identify and quantify the secreted proteins. A total of 403 unique proteins were identified from the secretome of the wild type virus-free strain EP155. Of these proteins, 329 were predicted to be involved in known secretory pathways and they are primarily composed of metabolic enzymes, biological regulators, responders to stimulus and components involved in plant-pathogen interactions. When infected with the hypovirus CHV1-EP713, 99 proteins were found to be differentially expressed as compared to the wild type strain EP155. These proteins were mainly related to plant cell wall degradation, response to host defense, fungal virulence and intracellular structure. The effects of CHV1 on secreted proteins may reveal a relationship between physiological pathways and hypovirulence.
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26
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Monteiro R, Ageorges V, Rojas-Lopez M, Schmidt H, Weiss A, Bertin Y, Forano E, Jubelin G, Henderson IR, Livrelli V, Gobert AP, Rosini R, Soriani M, Desvaux M. A secretome view of colonisation factors in Shiga toxin-encodingEscherichia coli(STEC): from enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) to related enteropathotypes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw179. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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27
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Wang W, Jeffery CJ. An analysis of surface proteomics results reveals novel candidates for intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins in bacteria. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1420-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dozens of intracellular proteins have a second function on the cell surface, referred to as “intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins”. An analysis of the results of 22 cell surface proteomics studies was performed to address whether the hundreds of intracellular proteins found on the cell surface could be candidates for being additional intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangfei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Constance J. Jeffery
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
- Department of Biological Sciences
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28
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Perez-Casal J, Potter AA. Glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a suitable vaccine candidate for protection against bacterial and parasitic diseases. Vaccine 2015; 34:1012-7. [PMID: 26686572 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been identified as having other properties in addition to its key role in glycolysis. The ability of GAPDH to bind to numerous extracellular matrices, modulation of host-immune responses, a role in virulence and surface location has prompted numerous investigators to postulate that GAPDH may be a good vaccine candidate for protection against numerous pathogens. Although immune responses against GAPDH have been described for many microorganisms, vaccines containing GAPDH have been successfully tested in few cases including those against the trematode-Schistosoma mansoni, the helminth-Enchinococcus multilocularis; the nematode filaria- Litomosoides sigmodontis; fish pathogens such as Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Edwarsiella spp., and Streptococcus iniae; and environmental streptococci, namely, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Before GAPDH-based vaccines are considered viable options for protection against numerous pathogens, we need to take into account the homology between the host and pathogen GAPDH proteins to prevent potential autoimmune reactions, thus protective GAPDH epitopes unique to the pathogen protein must be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Rd. , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Andrew A Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Rd. , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
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29
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Wang G, Xia Y, Song X, Ai L. Common Non-classically Secreted Bacterial Proteins with Experimental Evidence. Curr Microbiol 2015; 72:102-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Sun Z, Shen B, Wu H, Zhou X, Wang Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y. The secreted fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:638-647. [PMID: 26256425 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of aquaculture has been hampered by different aquatic pathogens that can cause edwardsiellosis, vibriosis, or other diseases. Therefore, developing a broad spectrum vaccine against different fish diseases is necessary. In this study, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), a conserved enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, was demonstrated to be located in the non-cytoplasmic components of five aquatic pathogenic bacteria and exhibited remarkable protection and cross-protection against these pathogens in turbot and zebrafish. Further analysis revealed that sera sampled from vaccinated turbot had a high level of specific antibody and bactericidal activity against these pathogens. Meanwhile, the increased expressions of immune response-related genes associated with antigen recognition and presentation indicated that the adaptive immune response was effectively aroused. Taken together, our results suggest that FBA can be utilized as a broad-spectrum vaccine against various pathogenic bacteria of aquaculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Binbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingfan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mariculture Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
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31
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Takenouchi T, Tsukimoto M, Iwamaru Y, Sugama S, Sekiyama K, Sato M, Kojima S, Hashimoto M, Kitani H. Extracellular ATP induces unconventional release of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from microglial cells. Immunol Lett 2015; 167:116-24. [PMID: 26277554 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. However, recent studies have suggested that GAPDH is released by various cells and that extracellular GAPDH is involved in the regulation of neuritogenesis in neuronal cells. It has also been reported that GAPDH is expressed on the surfaces of macrophages and functions as a transferrin receptor. However, since GAPDH is a leaderless protein the mechanisms by which it reaches the extracellular environment remain unclear. Here, we examined the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated cation channel, in the unconventional release of GAPDH from microglial cells, the resident macrophages in the brain. The activation of P2X7R by ATP triggered GAPDH release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed microglial cells. ATP-induced microvesicle formation, exosome release, and K(+) efflux followed by caspase-1 activation are likely involved in the GAPDH release, but ATP-induced dilatation of membrane pores and lysosome exocytosis are not. It was also demonstrated that exogenous GAPDH facilitated LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase in microglial cells. These findings suggest that P2X7R plays an important role in the unconventional release of GAPDH from microglial cells, and the GAPDH released into the extracellular space might be involved in the regulation of the neuroinflammatory response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Takenouchi
- Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwamaru
- Prion Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sekiyama
- Division of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sato
- Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Shuji Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitani
- Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
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Gao JY, Ye CL, Zhu LL, Tian ZY, Yang ZB. A homolog of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Riemerella anatipestifer is an extracellular protein and exhibits biological activity. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:776-87. [PMID: 25183032 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks. Its pathogenesis and virulence factors are still unclear. The glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an anchorless and multifunctional protein on the surface of several pathogenic microorganisms, is involved in virulence and adhesion. Whether homologs of GAPDH exist, and display similar characteristics in R. anatipestifer (RaGAPDH) has not been determined. In our research, the RaGAPDH activity from various R. anatipestifer isolates was confirmed. Twenty-two gapdh genes from genomic DNA of R. anatipestifer isolates were cloned and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of RaGAPDH in R. anatipestifer CZ2 strain was confirmed by antisera to recombinant RaGAPDH. The ability of purified RaGAPDH to bind host proteins was analyzed by solid-phase ligand-binding assay. Results revealed that all R. anatipestifer isolates showed different levels of GAPDH activity except four strains, which contained a gapdh-like gene. The gapdh of R. anatipestifer, which is located phylogenetically in the same branch as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), belonged to class I GAPDH, and encoded a 36.7-kDa protein. All RaGAPDH-encoding gene sequences from field isolates of R. anatipestifer displayed 100% homology. The RaGAPDH localized on the extracellular membrane of several R. anatipestifer strains. Further, it was released into the culture medium, and exhibited GAPDH enzyme activity. We also confirmed the binding of RaGAPDH to plasminogen and fibrinogen. These results demonstrated that GAPDH was present in R. anatipestifer, although not in all strains, and that RaGAPDH might contribute to the microorganism's virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-ye Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Rodríguez-Mallon A, Encinosa PE, Méndez-Pérez L, Bello Y, Rodríguez Fernández R, Garay H, Cabrales A, Méndez L, Borroto C, Estrada MP. High efficacy of a 20 amino acid peptide of the acidic ribosomal protein P0 against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:530-7. [PMID: 25958782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to control cattle ticks use integrated control programs (ICP) that include vaccination. Reduction in the use of chemicals and in the cost of tick control, the delay or elimination of acaricide resistance and the decreasing of environmental pollution are the advantages of using these programs. This integrated program is potentially applicable to all genotypes of chemical resistant ticks. However, the problem here is to improve the efficacy of anti-tick vaccines. The P0 protein is a structural component of the ribosome of all organisms. We have identified an immunogenic region of ribosomal protein P0 from Rhipicephalus spp. ticks that is not very conserved compared to the orthologous protein in their hosts. A synthetic 20 amino acid peptide from this sequence was effective as a vaccine against Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestations in an immunization and challenge experiment using rabbits. In this paper, the same peptide used as vaccine against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus shows a significant diminution in the number of engorged females recovered, in the weight of females and the weight of egg masses. The number of eggs hatched was also significantly reduced for the vaccinated group, with an overall effectivity for the antigen pP0 of 96%. These results, together with the conserved sequence of the P0 peptide among ticks, suggest that this antigen could be a good broad spectrum vaccine candidate. It would be expected to be active against many species of ticks and thus has promise in an ICP for effective control of ticks and thereby to improve the efficiency and productivity of the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rodríguez-Mallon
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Pedro E Encinosa
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Lídice Méndez-Pérez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Yamil Bello
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Rafmary Rodríguez Fernández
- Parasitology Department, National Laboratory for Parasitology, Avenue San Antonio-Rincón, Km 1 1/2, Havana, Cuba
| | - Hilda Garay
- Peptide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Ania Cabrales
- Peptide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Luis Méndez
- Parasitology Department, National Laboratory for Parasitology, Avenue San Antonio-Rincón, Km 1 1/2, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Borroto
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31th Avenue and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
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Ferreira E, Giménez R, Cañas MA, Aguilera L, Aguilar J, Badia J, Baldomà L. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is required for efficient repair of cytotoxic DNA lesions in Escherichia coli. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:202-12. [PMID: 25603270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional protein with diverse biological functions in human cells. In bacteria, moonlighting GAPDH functions have only been described for the secreted protein in pathogens or probiotics. At the intracellular level, we previously reported the interaction of Escherichia coli GAPDH with phosphoglycolate phosphatase, a protein involved in the metabolism of the DNA repair product 2-phosphoglycolate, thus suggesting a putative role of GAPDH in DNA repair processes. Here, we provide evidence that GAPDH is required for the efficient repair of DNA lesions in E. coli. We show that GAPDH-deficient cells are more sensitive to bleomycin or methyl methanesulfonate. In cells challenged with these genotoxic agents, GAPDH deficiency results in reduced cell viability and filamentous growth. In addition, the gapA knockout mutant accumulates a higher number of spontaneous abasic sites and displays higher spontaneous mutation frequencies than the parental strain. Pull-down experiments in different genetic backgrounds show interaction between GAPDH and enzymes of the base excision repair pathway, namely the AP-endonuclease Endo IV and uracil DNA glycosylase. This finding suggests that GAPDH is a component of a protein complex dedicated to the maintenance of genomic DNA integrity. Our results also show interaction of GAPDH with the single-stranded DNA binding protein. This interaction may recruit GAPDH to the repair sites and implicates GAPDH in DNA repair pathways activated by profuse DNA damage, such as homologous recombination or the SOS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ferreira
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Giménez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Alexandra Cañas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Aguilera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Aguilar
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Tirloni L, Reck J, Terra RMS, Martins JR, Mulenga A, Sherman NE, Fox JW, Yates JR, Termignoni C, Pinto AFM, da Silva Vaz I. Proteomic analysis of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus saliva: a comparison between partially and fully engorged females. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94831. [PMID: 24762651 PMCID: PMC3998978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful parasites affecting bovines. Similarly to other hematophagous ectoparasites, R. microplus saliva contains a collection of bioactive compounds that inhibit host defenses against tick feeding activity. Thus, the study of tick salivary components offers opportunities for the development of immunological based tick control methods and medicinal applications. So far, only a few proteins have been identified in cattle tick saliva. The aim of this work was to identify proteins present in R. microplus female tick saliva at different feeding stages. Proteomic analysis of R. microplus saliva allowed identifying peptides corresponding to 187 and 68 tick and bovine proteins, respectively. Our data confirm that (i) R. microplus saliva is complex, and (ii) that there are remarkable differences in saliva composition between partially engorged and fully engorged female ticks. R. microplus saliva is rich mainly in (i) hemelipoproteins and other transporter proteins, (ii) secreted cross-tick species conserved proteins, (iii) lipocalins, (iv) peptidase inhibitors, (v) antimicrobial peptides, (vii) glycine-rich proteins, (viii) housekeeping proteins and (ix) host proteins. This investigation represents the first proteomic study about R. microplus saliva, and reports the most comprehensive Ixodidae tick saliva proteome published to date. Our results improve the understanding of tick salivary modulators of host defense to tick feeding, and provide novel information on the tick-host relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tirloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - José Reck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Soares Terra
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- CAPES, Ministério da Educação do Brasil, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - João Ricardo Martins
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas E. Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Fox
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Carlos Termignoni
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Antônio F. M. Pinto
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- CAPES, Ministério da Educação do Brasil, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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36
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Nydam SD, Shah DH, Call DR. Transcriptome analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in type III secretion system 1 inducing conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:1. [PMID: 24478989 PMCID: PMC3895804 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging bacterial pathogen capable of causing inflammatory gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. As a food-borne illness, infection is most frequently associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, particularly shellfish. It is the primary cause of Vibrio-associated food-borne illness in the United States and the leading cause of food-borne illness in Japan. The larger of its two chromosomes harbors a set of genes encoding type III section system 1 (T3SS1), a virulence factor present in all V. parahaemolyticus strains that is similar to the Yersinia ysc T3SS. T3SS1 translocates effector proteins into eukaryotic cells where they induce changes to cellular physiology and modulate host-pathogen interactions. T3SS1 is also responsible for cytotoxicity toward several different cultured cell lines as well as mortality in a mouse model. Herein we used RNA-seq to obtain global transcriptome patterns of V. parahaemolyticus under conditions that either induce [growth in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) media, in trans expression of transcriptional regulator exsA] or repress T3SS1 expression (growth in LB-S media, in trans exsD expression) and during infection of HeLa cells over time. Comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated notable differences in the expression patterns under inducing conditions and was also used to generate an expression profile of V. parahaemolyticus during infection of HeLa cells. In addition, we identified several new genes that are associated with T3SS1 expression and may warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Nydam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA ; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA ; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA ; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
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37
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Aguilera L, Toloza L, Giménez R, Odena A, Oliveira E, Aguilar J, Badia J, Baldomà L. Proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Proteomics 2014; 14:222-9. [PMID: 24307187 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic used for the treatment of intestinal disorders. EcN improves gastrointestinal homeostasis and microbiota balance; however, little is known about how this probiotic delivers effector molecules to the host. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by Gram-negative bacteria and have a relevant role in bacteria-host interactions. Using 1D SDS-PAGE and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis we identified in this study 192 EcN vesicular proteins with high confidence in three independent biological replicates. Of these proteins, 18 were encoded by strain-linked genes and 57 were common to pathogen-derived OMVs. These proteins may contribute to the ability of this probiotic to colonize the human gut as they fulfil functions related to adhesion, immune modulation or bacterial survival in host niches. This study describes the first global OMV proteome of a probiotic strain and provides evidence that probiotic-derived OMVs contain proteins that can target these vesicles to the host and mediate their beneficial effects on intestinal function. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000367 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000367).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aguilera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Wang G, Chen H, Xia Y, Cui J, Gu Z, Song Y, Chen YQ, Zhang H, Chen W. How are the Non-classically Secreted Bacterial Proteins Released into the Extracellular Milieu? Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:688-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Surfomics: shaving live organisms for a fast proteomic identification of surface proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 97:164-76. [PMID: 23624344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface proteins play a critical role in the interaction between cells and their environment, as they take part in processes like signaling, adhesion, transport, etc. In pathogenic microorganisms, they can also participate in virulence or cytotoxicity. As these proteins have the highest chances to be recognized by the immune system, they are often the targets for the discovery of new vaccines. In addition, they can serve for the development of serological-based tools to diagnose infectious diseases. First-generation proteomic strategies for the identification of surface proteins rely on the biochemical fractionation and/or enrichment of this group of molecules or organelles containing them. However, in the last years, a novel second-generation approach has been developed, consisting of the digestion of live, intact cells with proteases, so that surface-exposed moieties (i.e. the "surfome" of a cell) are "shaved" and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Here we review such a strategy, firstly set up and developed in Gram-positive bacteria, and further applied to Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular fungi, and also pluricellular organisms. We also discuss the advantages and inconvenients of the approach, and the still unresolved question about the intriguing presence of proteins predicted as cytoplasmic in the surfomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
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40
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Elkhalfi B, Araya-Garay JM, Rodríguez-Castro J, Rey-Méndez M, Soukri A, Serrano Delgado A. Cloning and heterologous overexpression of three gap genes encoding different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:146-55. [PMID: 23507306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The gammaproteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is the causal agent of bacterial speck, a common disease of tomato. The mode of infection of this pathogen is not well understood, but according to molecular biological, genomic and proteomic data it produces a number of proteins that may promote infection and draw nutrients from the plant. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a major enzyme of carbon metabolism that was reported to be a surface antigen and virulence factor in other pathogenic microorganisms, but its possible role in the infection process of P. syringae has so far not been studied. Whole-genome sequence analyses revealed the occurrence in this phytopathogenic bacterium of three paralogous gap genes encoding distinct GAPDHs, namely two class I enzymes having different molecular mass subunits and one class III bifunctional D-erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase/GAPDH enzyme. By using genome bioinformatics data, as well as alignments of both DNA and deduced protein sequences, the three gap genes of P. syringae were one-step cloned with a His-Tag in pET21a vector using a PCR-based strategy, and its expression optimized in Escherichia coli BL21 to achieve high yield of the heterologous proteins. In accordance with their distinct molecular phylogenies, these bacterial gap genes encode functional GAPDHs of diverse molecular masses and nicotinamide-coenzyme specificities, suggesting specific metabolic and/or cellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Elkhalfi
- Laboratory of Physiology & Genetics Molecular, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco
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Ferreira E, Giménez R, Aguilera L, Guzmán K, Aguilar J, Badia J, Baldomà L. Protein interaction studies point to new functions for Escherichia coli glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Res Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23195894 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is considered a multifunctional protein with defined functions in numerous mammalian cellular processes. GAPDH functional diversity depends on various factors such as covalent modifications, subcellular localization, oligomeric state and intracellular concentration of substrates or ligands, as well as protein-protein interactions. In bacteria, alternative GAPDH functions have been associated with its extracellular location in pathogens or probiotics. In this study, new intracellular functions of Escherichia coli GAPDH were investigated following a proteomic approach aimed at identifying interacting partners using in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking followed by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were involved in metabolic processes, protein synthesis and folding or DNA repair. Some interacting proteins were also identified in immunopurification experiments in the absence of cross-linking. Pull-down experiments and overlay immunoblotting were performed to further characterize the interaction with phosphoglycolate phosphatase (Gph). This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of 2-phosphoglycolate formed in the DNA repair of 3'-phosphoglycolate ends generated by bleomycin damage. We show that interaction between Gph and GAPDH increases in cells challenged with bleomycin, suggesting involvement of GAPDH in cellular processes linked to DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ferreira
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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