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Harutyunyan T, Sargsyan A, Kalashyan L, Igityan H, Grigoryan B, Davtyan H, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T, Hovhannisyan G. Changes in Telomere Length in Leukocytes and Leukemic Cells after Ultrashort Electron Beam Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6709. [PMID: 38928414 PMCID: PMC11203595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Application of laser-generated electron beams in radiotherapy is a recent development. Accordingly, mechanisms of biological response to radiation damage need to be investigated. In this study, telomere length (TL) as endpoint of genetic damage was analyzed in human blood cells (leukocytes) and K562 leukemic cells irradiated with laser-generated ultrashort electron beam. Metaphases and interphases were analyzed in quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) to assess TL. TLs were shortened compared to non-irradiated controls in both settings (metaphase and interphase) after irradiation with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 Gy in blood leukocytes. Radiation also caused a significant TL shortening detectable in the interphase of K562 cells. Overall, a negative correlation between TL and radiation doses was observed in normal and leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner. K562 cells were more sensitive than normal blood cells to increasing doses of ultrashort electron beam radiation. As telomere shortening leads to genome instability and cell death, the results obtained confirm the suitability of this biomarker for assessing genotoxic effects of accelerated electrons for their further use in radiation therapy. Observed differences in TL shortening between normal and K562 cells provide an opportunity for further development of optimal radiation parameters to reduce side effects in normal cells during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Harutyunyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anzhela Sargsyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Lily Kalashyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Hovhannes Igityan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (B.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (B.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Galina Hovhannisyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (T.H.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (H.I.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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2
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Morel D, Robert C, Paragios N, Grégoire V, Deutsch E. Translational Frontiers and Clinical Opportunities of Immunologically Fitted Radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2317-2332. [PMID: 38477824 PMCID: PMC11145173 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can have a wide range of impacts on tumor-immune interactions, which are being studied with the greatest interest and at an accelerating pace by the medical community. Despite its undeniable immunostimulatory potential, it clearly appears that radiotherapy as it is prescribed and delivered nowadays often alters the host's immunity toward a suboptimal state. This may impair the full recovery of a sustained and efficient antitumor immunosurveillance posttreatment. An emerging concept is arising from this awareness and consists of reconsidering the way of designing radiation treatment planning, notably by taking into account the individualized risks of deleterious radio-induced immune alteration that can be deciphered from the planned beam trajectory through lymphocyte-rich organs. In this review, we critically appraise key aspects to consider while planning immunologically fitted radiotherapy, including the challenges linked to the identification of new dose constraints to immune-rich structures. We also discuss how pharmacologic immunomodulation could be advantageously used in combination with radiotherapy to compensate for the radio-induced loss, for example, with (i) agonists of interleukin (IL)2, IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, or IL21, similarly to G-CSF being used for the prophylaxis of severe chemo-induced neutropenia, or with (ii) myeloid-derived suppressive cell blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Morel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Robert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nikos Paragios
- Therapanacea, Paris, France
- CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Ibragimova M, Kussainova A, Aripova A, Bersimbaev R, Bulgakova O. The Molecular Mechanisms in Senescent Cells Induced by Natural Aging and Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38534394 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the relationship between cellular senescence and radiation exposure. Given the wide range of ionizing radiation sources encountered by people in professional and medical spheres, as well as the influence of natural background radiation, the question of the effect of radiation on biological processes, particularly on aging processes, remains highly relevant. The parallel relationship between natural and radiation-induced cellular senescence reveals the common aspects underlying these processes. Based on recent scientific data, the key points of the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular processes associated with aging, such as genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered expression of miRNAs, epigenetic profile, and manifestation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are discussed. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence can make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the molecular genetic basis of age-associated diseases in the context of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Ibragimova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
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Sun P, Wei P, Liu H, Wu J, Gross ND, Sikora AG, Wei Q, Shete S, Zafereo ME, Liu J, Li G. GWAS-identified telomere length associated genetic variants predict risk of recurrence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer after definitive radiotherapy. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104722. [PMID: 37487414 PMCID: PMC10382868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte telomere length (LTL)-related genetic variants may modulate LTL and affect recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCOP). METHODS A total of 1013 patients with incident SCCOP were recruited and genotyped for 16 genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified TL-related polymorphisms. Of these patients, 489 had tumour HPV16 status determination. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations. FINDINGS Of the 16 TL-related polymorphisms, four were significantly associated with LTL: rs1920116, rs3027234, rs6772228, and rs11125529, and the patients with putatively favourable genotypes had approximately 1.5-3 times the likelihood of shorter LTL compared with patients with the corresponding risk genotypes. Moreover, patients with one to four favourable genotypes of the four combined polymorphisms had approximately 3-11 times the likelihood of shorter LTL compared with patients with no favourable genotype. The four LTL-related polymorphisms were significantly associated with approximately 40% reduced risk (for favourable genotypes) or doubled risk (for risk genotypes) of recurrence, and similar but more pronounced associations were observed in patients with tumour HPV16-positive SCCOP. Similarly, patients with one to four risk genotypes had significantly approximately 2.5-4 times increased recurrence risk compared with patients with no risk genotype, and similar but more pronounced associations were observed in patients with tumour HPV16-positive SCCOP. INTERPRETATION Four LTL-related polymorphisms individually or jointly modify LTL and risk of recurrence of SCCOP, particularly HPV-positive SCCOP. These LTL-related polymorphisms could have potential to further stratify patients with HPV-positive SCCOP for individualized treatment and better survival. FUNDING Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lázničková P, Bendíčková K, Kepák T, Frič J. Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:708788. [PMID: 35822014 PMCID: PMC9261368 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.708788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown rapidly in recent decades. Although cured of their original malignancy, these individuals are at increased risk of serious late effects, including age-associated complications. An impaired immune system has been linked to the emergence of these conditions in the elderly and CCS, likely due to senescent immune cell phenotypes accompanied by low-grade inflammation, which in the elderly is known as "inflammaging." Whether these observations in the elderly and CCS are underpinned by similar mechanisms is unclear. If so, existing knowledge on immunosenescent phenotypes and inflammaging might potentially serve to benefit CCS. We summarize recent findings on the immune changes in CCS and the elderly, and highlight the similarities and identify areas for future research. Improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and immunosenescent markers of accelerated immune aging might help us to identify individuals at increased risk of serious health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lázničková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bendíčková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kepák
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Carroll JE, Olmstead R, Haque R, Irwin MR. Accelerated mononuclear cell telomere attrition in breast cancer survivors with depression history: A 2-year longitudinal cohort study. Cancer 2022; 128:3109-3119. [PMID: 35670038 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer treatments are thought to accelerate biological aging, although this trajectory is highly variable. Depression is more prevalent in breast cancer survivors and is thought to be a vulnerability factor for biological aging. A lifetime history of depression and cumulative lifetime number of depression episodes could hypothetically be associated with an accelerated rate of biological aging as indexed by attrition of telomere length in a prospective cohort of breast cancer survivors who were not currently depressed. METHODS Breast cancer survivors (n = 206) without current depression were recruited from a large community-based health plan and were assessed for depression history by a structured diagnostic interview. Blood specimens were provided at baseline and every 8 months over 24 months to measure peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomere length. Mixed linear models examined associations of depression history and number of depression episodes with change in telomere length, adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and cancer-specific factors. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, depression history predicted attrition of PBMC telomere length over 24 months (Beta [SE] = -.006 [.002], p = .001). Greater number of depressive episodes over the lifetime was also associated with accelerated attrition of PBMC telomere length over 24 months (Beta [SE] = -.004 [.001], p = .001). CONCLUSIONS In breast cancer survivors without current depression, telomere attrition over 24 months was greatest in those with a lifetime depression history, particularly those with the greatest number of episodes of major depressive disorder over their lifetime. Depression history and its cumulative burden may contribute to accelerated biological aging, with implications for risk of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reina Haque
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Al-Jumayli M, Brown SL, Chetty IJ, Extermann M, Movsas B. The Biological Process of Aging and the Impact of Ionizing Radiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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In Vitro Characterization of Doxorubicin-Mediated Stress-Induced Premature Senescence in Human Chondrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071106. [PMID: 35406671 PMCID: PMC8998002 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent chondrocytes is thought to drive inflammatory processes and subsequent cartilage degeneration in age-related as well as posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanisms of senescence and consequences on cartilage homeostasis are not completely understood so far. Therefore, suitable in vitro models are needed to study chondrocyte senescence. In this study, we established and evaluated a doxorubicin (Doxo)-based model of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) in human articular chondrocytes (hAC). Cellular senescence was determined by the investigation of various senescence associated (SA) hallmarks including β-galactosidase activity, expression of p16, p21, and SA secretory phenotype (SASP) markers (IL-6, IL-8, MMP-13), the presence of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and cell cycle arrest. After seven days, Doxo-treated hAC displayed a SIPS-like phenotype, characterized by excessive secretion of SASP factors, enhanced uPAR-positivity, decreased proliferation rate, and increased β-galactosidase activity. This phenotype was proven to be stable seven days after the removal of Doxo. Moreover, Doxo-treated hAC exhibited increased granularity and flattened or fibroblast-like morphology. Further analysis implies that Doxo-mediated SIPS was driven by oxidative stress as demonstrated by increased ROS levels and NO release. Overall, we provide novel insights into chondrocyte senescence and present a suitable in vitro model for further studies.
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Nicoletto RE, Ofner CM. Cytotoxic mechanisms of doxorubicin at clinically relevant concentrations in breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:285-311. [PMID: 35150291 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently used for the treatment of a variety of tumor types, such as breast cancer. Despite the long history of DOX, the mechanistic details of its cytotoxic action remain controversial. Rather than one key mechanism of cytotoxic action, DOX is characterized by multiple mechanisms, such as (1) DNA intercalation and adduct formation, (2) topoisomerase II (TopII) poisoning, (3) the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, and (4) membrane damage through altered sphingolipid metabolism. Many past reviews of DOX cytotoxicity are based on supraclinical concentrations, and several have addressed the concentration dependence of these mechanisms. In addition, most reviews lack a focus on the time dependence of these processes. We aim to update the concentration and time-dependent trends of DOX mechanisms at representative clinical concentrations. Furthermore, attention is placed on DOX behavior in breast cancer cells due to the frequent use of DOX to treat this disease. This review provides insight into the mechanistic pathway(s) of DOX at levels found within patients and establishes the magnitude of effect for each mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Nicoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19101-4495, USA
| | - Clyde M Ofner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19101-4495, USA.
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11
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Man TK, Aubert G, Richard MA, LeJeune W, Hariri E, Goltsova T, Gaikwad A, Chen Y, Whitton J, Leisenring WM, Arnold MA, Neglia JP, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Gramatges MM. Short NK and naïve T-cell telomere length is associated with thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:453-460. [PMID: 34782395 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for therapy-related subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN), including thyroid SMN. Telomere length (TL) is associated with cancer risk, but the relationship between TL and SMN risk among survivors is less clear. METHODS We conducted a nested, matched case-control study of radiation-exposed 15-year+ adult survivors of childhood cancer with thyroid SMN (cases) and without SMN (controls). 46 cases were matched to 46 controls by primary diagnosis, chemotherapy (yes/no), radiation field, and follow-up duration. Lymphocyte TL (LTL) was measured by telomere flow-FISH cytometry using blood samples banked at a mean of 38.9 years (cases), 39.2 years (controls). Genetic variation in telomere genes was assessed by whole genome sequencing. Point estimates for LTL <10th percentile were determined for cases and controls. RESULTS Cases had shorter median LTL than controls in three out of four leukocyte subsets. Cases were more likely to have NK cell LTL <10th percentile (p=0.01), and 2.8-fold more likely to have naïve T-cell LTL <10th percentile than controls (CI 1.07, 8.78). Five out of 15 cases with a rare indel or missense variant had naïve T-cell LTL <10th percentile, compared with one out of 8 controls. CONCLUSIONS Long-term survivors have shorter than expected LTL, a finding that is more pronounced among survivors with thyroid SMN. IMPACT The long-term impact of childhood cancer treatment on immune function is poorly understood. Our findings support immune function studies in larger survivor cohorts to assess long-term deficits in adaptive and innate immunity that may underlie SMN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Kwong Man
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Repeat Diagnostics, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa A Richard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wanda LeJeune
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Elmira Hariri
- Repeat Diagnostics, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tatiana Goltsova
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Amos Gaikwad
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Chen
- University of Alberta School of Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jillian Whitton
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael A Arnold
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leslie L Robison
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Smita Bhatia
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria M Gramatges
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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Possible Mechanisms of Subsequent Neoplasia Development in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205064. [PMID: 34680213 PMCID: PMC8533890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine have improved outcomes in children diagnosed with cancer, with overall 5-year survival rates for these children now exceeding 80%. Two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors have at least one late effect of cancer therapy, with one-third having serious or even life-threatening effects. One of the most serious late effects is a development of subsequent malignant neoplasms (histologically different cancers, which appear after the treatment for primary cancer), which occur in about 3-10% of survivors and are associated with high mortality. In cancers with a very good prognosis, subsequent malignant neoplasms significantly affect long-term survival. Therefore, there is an effort to reduce particularly hazardous treatments. This review discusses the importance of individual factors (gender, genetic factors, cytostatic drugs, radiotherapy) in the development of subsequent malignant neoplasms and the possibilities of their prediction and prevention in the future.
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13
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Bolzán AD. Mutagen-induced telomere instability in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 868-869:503387. [PMID: 34454696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere instability is one of the main sources of genome instability and may result from chromosome end loss (due to chromosome breakage at one or both ends) or, more frequently, telomere dysfunction. Dysfunctional telomeres arise when they lose their end-capping function or become critically short, which causes chromosomal termini to behave like a DNA double-strand break. Telomere instability may occur at the chromosomal or at the molecular level, giving rise, respectively, to telomere-related chromosomal aberrations or the loss or modification of any of the components of the telomere (telomere DNA, telomere-associated proteins, or telomere RNA). Since telomeres play a fundamental role in maintaining genome stability, the study of telomere instability in cells exposed to mutagens is of great importance to understand the telomere-driven genomic instability present in those cells. In the present review, we will focus on the current knowledge about telomere instability induced by physical, chemical, and biological mutagens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, calle 60 y 122, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Yeap BB, Hui J, Knuiman MW, Flicker L, Divitini ML, Arscott GM, Twigg SM, Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Golledge J, Norman PE, Beilby JP. U-Shaped Relationship of Leukocyte Telomere Length With All-Cause and Cancer-Related Mortality in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:164-171. [PMID: 32761187 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are essential DNA-protein complexes whose attrition results in cellular dysfunction and senescence. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) correlates with tissue telomere length, representing a biomarker for biological age. However, its predictive value for mortality risk, and for cardiovascular versus cancer deaths, in older adults remains uncertain. METHOD We studied 3608 community-dwelling men aged 77.0 ± 3.6 years. Leukocyte telomere length was measured using multiplex quantitative PCR, expressed as amount of telomeric DNA relative to single-copy control gene (T/S ratio). Deaths from any cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer were ascertained using data linkage. Curve fitting used restricted cubic splines and Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalent disease. RESULTS There was a U-shaped association of LTL with all-cause mortality. Men with T/S ratio in the middle quartiles had lower mortality (quartiles, Q2 vs Q1, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.97, p = .012; Q3 vs Q1 HR = 0.88, CI 0.79-0.99, p = .032). There was no association of LTL with CVD mortality. There was a U-shaped association of LTL with cancer mortality. Men with LTL in the middle quartiles had lower risk of cancer death (Q2 vs Q1, HR = 0.73, CI 0.59-0.90, p = .004; Q3 vs Q1, HR = 0.75, CI 0.61-0.92, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS In older men, both shorter and longer LTL are associated with all-cause mortality. A similar U-shaped association was seen with cancer deaths, with no association found for cardiovascular deaths. Further research is warranted to explore the prognostic utility of LTL in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark L Divitini
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gillian M Arscott
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,WA Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E Norman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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de Souza Teixeira AA, Lira FS, Rosa-Neto JC. Aging with rhythmicity. Is it possible? Physical exercise as a pacemaker. Life Sci 2020; 261:118453. [PMID: 32956663 PMCID: PMC7500276 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual decline in numerous physiological processes, including a reduction in metabolic functions and immunological system. The circadian rhythm plays a vital role in health, and prolonged clock disruptions are associated with chronic diseases. The relationships between clock genes, aging, and immunosenescence are not well understood. Inflammation is an immune response triggered in living organisms in response to the danger associated with pathogens and injury. The term 'inflammaging' has been used to describe the chronic low-grade-inflammation that develops with advancing age and predicts susceptibility to age-related pathologies. Equilibrium between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines is needed for healthy aging and longevity. Sedentary and poor nutrition style life indices a disruption in circadian rhythm promoting an increase in pro-inflammatory factors or leads for chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, signals mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, might accentuate of the muscle loss during aging. Circadian clock is important to maintain the physiological functions, as maintenance of immune system. A strategy for imposes rhythmicity in the physiological systems may be adopted of exercise training routine. The lifelong regular practice of physical exercise decelerates the processes of aging, providing better quality and prolongation of life. Thus, in this review, we will focus on how aging affects circadian rhythms and its relationship to inflammatory processes (inflammaging), as well as the role of physical exercise as a regulator of the circadian rhythm, promoting aging with rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Lasaviciute G, Bricaud AL, Hellgren F, Ingelman-Sundberg HM, Eksborg S, Jonker M, Haanstra KG, Hed Myrberg I, Sverremark-Ekström E, Loré K, Saghafian-Hedengren S, Nilsson A. Deficits in the IgG + memory B-cell recovery after anthracycline treatment is confined to the spleen of rhesus macaques. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1150. [PMID: 32642064 PMCID: PMC7331234 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Loss of vaccine‐induced antibodies (Abs) after chemotherapy against paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is common and often necessitates re‐immunisation after cessation of treatment. Even so, some ALL survivors fail to mount or to maintain protective Abs. Germinal centres (GCs) are clusters of proliferating B cells in follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs) formed during adaptive immune responses and the origins of long‐lived memory B and plasma cells that are the source of Abs. Furthermore, productive GC reactions depend on T follicular helper (TFH) cells. To understand why chemotherapy induces deficits in Ab responses, we examined how SLTs were affected by chemotherapy. Methods Rhesus macaques were infused with either three cycles of the anthracycline doxorubicin or saline, followed by immunisation with a de novo and booster antigen. Spleen and lymph nodes were removed, and memory B, bulk T and TFH cells were examined. Results Despite adequate GC morphology, a diminished memory and IgG+ B‐cell population along with diminished total and booster vaccine‐specific IgG‐producing memory B cells were noted in the spleens of macaques with past doxorubicin exposure compared to the saline‐treated controls (P < 0.05). Intact bulk T and TFH cells were found in the SLTs of treated macaques, which displayed higher CD40L upregulation capacity by their splenic CXCR5+ helper T cells (P < 0.01). In contrast to the spleen, the immune cell populations studied were comparable between the lymph nodes of both saline‐ and doxorubicin‐treated macaques. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the splenic memory B‐cell subset, compared to its lymph node counterpart, is more severely altered by anthracycline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Lasaviciute
- Departmet of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andréas L Bricaud
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fredrika Hellgren
- Department of Medicine Solna Division of Immunology and Allergy Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hanna M Ingelman-Sundberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Staffan Eksborg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Margreet Jonker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) Rijswijk The Netherlands
| | | | - Ida Hed Myrberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Departmet of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Department of Medicine Solna Division of Immunology and Allergy Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shanie Saghafian-Hedengren
- Departmet of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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17
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Lubberts S, Meijer C, Demaria M, Gietema JA. Early ageing after cytotoxic treatment for testicular cancer and cellular senescence: Time to act. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102963. [PMID: 32446180 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of testicular cancer (TC) has an exceptionally high success rate compared to other cancer types; even in case of metastasized disease, 80-90 % of TC patients can be cured. Consequently, attention has been drawn to a potential downside of this treatment success: late adverse treatment effects such as the accelerated development of otherwise age-associated features like cardiovascular disease and second malignancies. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that cytotoxic treatment induces cellular senescence, resulting in secretion of inflammatory factors contributing to this early ageing phenotype. Molecular and cellular characterization of this early ageing will enhance understanding the pathogenesis of TC treatment-induced morbidity and contribute to better recognition and prevention of late effects. In this review, we describe clinical manifestations of the early ageing phenotype among TC survivors, and subsequently focus on potential underlying mechanisms. We discuss the clinical implications and describe perspectives for future research and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje Lubberts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Richard MA, Lupo PJ, Morton LM, Yasui YA, Sapkota YA, Arnold MA, Aubert G, Neglia JP, Turcotte LM, Leisenring WM, Sampson JN, Chanock SJ, Hudson MM, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Bhatia S, Gramatges MM. Genetic variation in POT1 and risk of thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228887. [PMID: 32040538 PMCID: PMC7010302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is associated with risk for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm in survivors of childhood cancer. Here, we investigated associations between thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm and inherited variation in telomere maintenance genes. METHODS We used RegulomeDB to annotate the functional impact of variants mapping to 14 telomere maintenance genes among 5,066 five-or-more year survivors who participate in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and who are longitudinally followed for incidence of subsequent cancers. Hazard ratios for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm were calculated for 60 putatively functional variants with minor allele frequency ≥1% in or near telomere maintenance genes. Functional impact was further assessed by measuring telomere length in leukocyte subsets. RESULTS The minor allele at Protection of Telomeres-1 (POT1) rs58722976 was associated with increased risk for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm (adjusted HR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.4, 15.5, P = 0.0001; Fisher's exact P = 0.001). This imputed SNP was present in three out of 110 survivors who developed thyroid cancer vs. 14 out of 4,956 survivors who did not develop thyroid cancer. In a subset of 83 survivors with leukocyte telomere length data available, this variant was associated with longer telomeres in B lymphocytes (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Using a functional variant approach, we identified and confirmed an association between a low frequency intronic regulatory POT1 variant and thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm in survivors of childhood cancer. These results suggest that intronic variation in POT1 may affect key protein binding interactions that impact telomere maintenance and genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Richard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yutaka A. Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yadav A. Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph P. Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Lucie M. Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Wendy M. Leisenring
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, England
| | - Maria Monica Gramatges
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Song N, Li Z, Qin N, Howell CR, Wilson CL, Easton J, Mulder HL, Edmonson MN, Rusch MC, Zhang J, Hudson MM, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Ness KK, Wang Z. Shortened Leukocyte Telomere Length Associates with an Increased Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2362-2371. [PMID: 31969337 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze and compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and age-dependent LTL attrition between childhood cancer survivors and noncancer controls, and to evaluate the associations of LTL with treatment exposures, chronic health conditions (CHC), and health behaviors among survivors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We included 2,427 survivors and 293 noncancer controls of European ancestry, drawn from the participants in St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE), a retrospective hospital-based study with prospective follow-up (2007-2016). Common nonneoplastic CHCs (59 types) and subsequent malignant neoplasms (5 types) were clinically assessed. LTL was measured with whole-genome sequencing data. RESULTS After adjusting for age at DNA sampling, gender, genetic risk score based on 9 SNPs known to be associated with telomere length, and eigenvectors, LTL among survivors was significantly shorter both overall [adjusted mean (AM) = 6.20 kb; SE = 0.03 kb] and across diagnoses than controls (AM = 6.69 kb; SE = 0.07 kb). Among survivors, specific treatment exposures associated with shorter LTL included chest or abdominal irradiation, glucocorticoid, and vincristine chemotherapies. Significant negative associations of LTL with 14 different CHCs, and a positive association with subsequent thyroid cancer occurring out of irradiation field were identified. Health behaviors were significantly associated with LTL among survivors aged 18 to 35 years (P trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS LTL is significantly shorter among childhood cancer survivors than noncancer controls, and is associated with CHCs and health behaviors, suggesting LTL as an aging biomarker may be a potential mechanistic target for future intervention studies designed to prevent or delay onset of CHCs in childhood cancer survivors.See related commentary by Walsh, p. 2281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Carrie R Howell
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael N Edmonson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael C Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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20
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Agrusa JE, Bertuch AA, DiNardo CD, Plon SE, Eckstein OS. Severe therapy-related toxicities after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma due to a pathogenic TERT variant and shortened telomeres. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27779. [PMID: 31050187 PMCID: PMC7880543 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomere biology disorders predispose affected individuals to specific malignancies and organ fibrosis in tissues sensitive to telomere length (TL) shortening, especially after exposure to chemotherapy and radiation. We report a case of a 17-year-old female with Hodgkin lymphoma who developed severe chemotherapy-related toxicities. She was subsequently found to have peripheral blood lymphocyte TL < 1st percentile and a pathogenic variant in TERT inherited from her father. This case demonstrates that early genetic evaluation of patients who experience greater than expected therapy-related toxicities may be warranted to help guide further decisions regarding therapy, imaging modalities, and lifelong cancer prevention surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Agrusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alison A. Bertuch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon E. Plon
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Olive S. Eckstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Kachuri L, Saarela O, Bojesen SE, Davey Smith G, Liu G, Landi MT, Caporaso NE, Christiani DC, Johansson M, Panico S, Overvad K, Trichopoulou A, Vineis P, Scelo G, Zaridze D, Wu X, Albanes D, Diergaarde B, Lagiou P, Macfarlane GJ, Aldrich MC, Tardón A, Rennert G, Olshan AF, Weissler MC, Chen C, Goodman GE, Doherty JA, Ness AR, Bickeböller H, Wichmann HE, Risch A, Field JK, Teare MD, Kiemeney LA, van der Heijden EHFM, Carroll JC, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S, Skaug V, Wünsch-Filho V, Tajara EH, Ayoub Moysés R, Daumas Nunes F, Lam S, Eluf-Neto J, Lacko M, Peters WHM, Le Marchand L, Duell EJ, Andrew AS, Franceschi S, Schabath MB, Manjer J, Arnold S, Lazarus P, Mukeriya A, Swiatkowska B, Janout V, Holcatova I, Stojsic J, Mates D, Lissowska J, Boccia S, Lesseur C, Zong X, McKay JD, Brennan P, Amos CI, Hung RJ. Mendelian Randomization and mediation analysis of leukocyte telomere length and risk of lung and head and neck cancers. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:751-766. [PMID: 30059977 PMCID: PMC6659464 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from observational studies of telomere length (TL) has been conflicting regarding its direction of association with cancer risk. We investigated the causal relevance of TL for lung and head and neck cancers using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and mediation analyses. METHODS We developed a novel genetic instrument for TL in chromosome 5p15.33, using variants identified through deep-sequencing, that were genotyped in 2051 cancer-free subjects. Next, we conducted an MR analysis of lung (16 396 cases, 13 013 controls) and head and neck cancer (4415 cases, 5013 controls) using eight genetic instruments for TL. Lastly, the 5p15.33 instrument and distinct 5p15.33 lung cancer risk loci were evaluated using two-sample mediation analysis, to quantify their direct and indirect, telomere-mediated, effects. RESULTS The multi-allelic 5p15.33 instrument explained 1.49-2.00% of TL variation in our data (p = 2.6 × 10-9). The MR analysis estimated that a 1000 base-pair increase in TL increases risk of lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.65] and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51-2.22), but not squamous lung carcinoma (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.83-1.29) or head and neck cancers (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70-1.05). Mediation analysis of the 5p15.33 instrument indicated an absence of direct effects on lung cancer risk (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.95-1.04). Analysis of distinct 5p15.33 susceptibility variants estimated that TL mediates up to 40% of the observed associations with lung cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a causal role for long telomeres in lung cancer aetiology, particularly for adenocarcinoma, and demonstrate that telomere maintenance partially mediates the lung cancer susceptibility conferred by 5p15.33 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olli Saarela
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stig Egil Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, and WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Zaridze
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N.Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- The Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Campus del Cristo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark C Weissler
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Epigenomics & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Dawn Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - June C Carroll
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aage Haugen
- The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vidar Skaug
- The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ayoub Moysés
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço (LIM28), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Eluf-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert H M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Anush Mukeriya
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N.Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Beata Swiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Stojsic
- Department of Thoracopulmonary Pathology, Service of Pathology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Corina Lesseur
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuchen Zong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jenkhetkan W, Thitiorul S, Jansom C, Ratanavalachai T. Molecular and cytogenetic effects of Thai royal jelly: modulation through c-MYC, h-TERT, NRF2, HO-1, BCL2, BAX and cyclins in human lymphocytes in vitro. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:525-531. [PMID: 28992336 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is widely used as a food supplement for anti-aging and beauty. However, its use has been linked to asthma and hemorrhagic colitis. Since its mechanisms of toxicity have not been fully identified, we conducted an investigation to elucidate its molecular and cytogenetic effects. Using human lymphocytes in vitro, treatments with RJ (0.0005-5 mg/ml) for 3 h did not induce sister chromatid exchanges until 5 mg/ml was used. Treatments for 24 h showed a dose-dependent reduction in BCL2/BAX, c-MYC/BAX and HO-1/BAX ratios. The exception was the NRF2/BAX ratio, showing a dose-dependent reduction at low doses, but a marked increase at the highest dose. The hTERT/BAX ratio was maintained at approximately a 1.2-fold increase but decreased to nearly normal at the highest dose. Our findings indicated that the lowest dose of RJ treatment provided maximum benefits, mainly through hTERT activation relating to prolonged lifespan. The highest dose of RJ inhibited cell survival, cell proliferation and an antioxidative enzyme; nevertheless, it still activated an antioxidative response through NRF2 and maintained telomeres during cell crisis. RJ treatment at 0.05 mg/ml increased cyclin E, BCL2 and BAX to maximum levels indicating that throughout the active cell cycle, both cell survival and cell apoptosis increased. Using the gene expression ratios over BAX, similar to BCL2/BAX, provided more informative data than using individual protein levels alone. With these informative ratios, our results confirm the potential benefits of RJ in enhancing lifespan and activation antioxidative power. Further, in vivo mechanistic studies will be useful in validating these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantha Jenkhetkan
- PhD Graduate Program, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Sciences
| | - Sumon Thitiorul
- PhD Graduate Program, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Sciences
| | | | - Treetip Ratanavalachai
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, 95 Paholyothin Road, A. Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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23
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Ness KK, Kirkland JL, Gramatges MM, Wang Z, Kundu M, McCastlain K, Li-Harms X, Zhang J, Tchkonia T, Pluijm SMF, Armstrong GT. Premature Physiologic Aging as a Paradigm for Understanding Increased Risk of Adverse Health Across the Lifespan of Survivors of Childhood Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2206-2215. [PMID: 29874132 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.7467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement in survival of childhood cancer observed across the past 50 years has resulted in a growing acknowledgment that simply extending the lifespan of survivors is not enough. It is incumbent on both the cancer research and the clinical care communities to also improve the health span of survivors. It is well established that aging adult survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of chronic health conditions, relative to the general population. However, as the first generation of survivors age into their 50s and 60s, it has become increasingly evident that this population is also at risk of early onset of physiologic aging. Geriatric measures have uncovered evidence of reduced strength and speed and increased fatigue, all components of frailty, among survivors with a median age of 33 years, which is similar to adults older than 65 years of age in the general population. Furthermore, frailty in survivors independently increased the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although there has been a paucity of research investigating the underlying biologic mechanisms for advanced physiologic age in survivors, results from geriatric populations suggest five biologically plausible mechanisms that may be potentiated by exposure to cancer therapies: increased cellular senescence, reduced telomere length, epigenetic modifications, somatic mutations, and mitochondrial DNA infidelity. There is now a critical need for research to elucidate the biologic mechanisms of premature aging in survivors of childhood cancer. This research could pave the way for new frontiers in the prevention of these life-changing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Ness
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - James L Kirkland
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Monica Gramatges
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly McCastlain
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiujie Li-Harms
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang, Mondira Kundu, Kelly McCastlain, Xiujie Li-Harms, Jinghui Zhang, and Gregory T. Armstrong, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; James L. Kirkland and Tamar Tchkonia, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Maria Monica Gramatges, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Saskia Martine Francesca Pluijm, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in older breast cancer patients on clinical and biological aging parameters. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29977-88. [PMID: 27102154 PMCID: PMC5058657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on biological and clinical markers of aging and frailty. Methods Women ≥ 70 years old with early breast cancer were enrolled after surgery and assigned to a chemotherapy (Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide) group (CTG, n=57) or control group (CG, n=52) depending on their planned adjuvant treatment. Full geriatric assessment (GA) and Quality of Life (QoL) were evaluated at inclusion (T0), after 3 months (T1) and at 1 year (T2). Blood samples were collected to measure leukocyte telomere length (LTL), levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other circulating markers potentially informative for aging and frailty: Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1) and Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES). Results LTL decreased significantly but comparably in both groups, whereas IL-6 was unchanged at T2. However, IL-10, TNF-α, IGF-1 and MCP-1 suggested a minor biological aging effect of chemotherapy. Clinical frailty and QoL decreased at T1 in the CTG, but recovered at T2, while remaining stable in the CG. Conclusion Chemotherapy (TC) is unlikely to amplify clinical aging or induce frailty at 1 year. Accordingly, there is no impact on the most established aging biomarkers (LTL, IL-6).
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25
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Frenzel M, Ricoul M, Benadjaoud MA, Bellamy M, Lenain A, Haddy N, Diallo I, Mateus C, de Vathaire F, Sabatier L. Retrospective cohort study and biobanking of patients treated for hemangioma in childhood – telomeres as biomarker of aging and radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1337278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Frenzel
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Michelle Ricoul
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | | | - Marion Bellamy
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Aude Lenain
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Ibrahima Diallo
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Christine Mateus
- Service de dermatologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Médecine Oncologique, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, Université Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- PROCyTOX (Radiation Oncology, Cytogenetics, and Toxicology Platform), DRF Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA, Paris, Saclay, France
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26
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Cheng G, Yuan X, Wang F, Sun Q, Xin Q, Li K, Sun C, Lin Z, Luan Y, Xu Y, Li P, Kong F, Xu D. Association Between the Telomerase rs2736098_TT Genotype and a Lower Risk of Chronic Hepatitis B and Cirrhosis in Chinese Males. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e79. [PMID: 28300824 PMCID: PMC5387758 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver cirrhosis (LC) is its most common complication. The accumulated evidence indicates a genetic context of HBV infection phenotypes. Here we determine a potential association of CHB/LC with the genetic variant of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a key player in aging including immune-senescence. METHODS The study included 227 Chinese CHB patients and 315 sex/age-matched healthy controls. TERT rs2736098 and rs2736100 genotyping was performed using pre-designed TaqMan SNP genotyping assay kits. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was determined using quantitative PCR. RESULTS The rs2736098_CT/CC genotypes were significantly associated with risk of CHB compared to the TT one (OR 2.265, 95% CI 1.202-4.269, P=0.015). A similar association was also found in CHB patients with cirrhosis (CT/CC vs TT: OR 2.398, 95% CI 1.168-4.922, P=0.02). Further analyses showed that the rs2736098_TT genotype difference occurred between male controls and patients (P=0.008) and male CT/CC-carriers exhibited highly increased risk of CHB compared to male controls (CT+CC vs TT, OR 3.182, 95% CI 1.350-7.500, P=0.01). There was no difference in the rs2736100 variants between controls and CHB patients. LTL was not different between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS The TERT rs2736098_TT genotype is associated with a lower CHB and LC risk in Chinese males, which may have implications in CHB pathogenesis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Yuan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qing Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qian Xin
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Kailin Li
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Lin
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Berardinelli F, Coluzzi E, Sgura A, Antoccia A. Targeting telomerase and telomeres to enhance ionizing radiation effects in in vitro and in vivo cancer models. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:204-219. [PMID: 28927529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer consists in the ability of tumor cells to divide indefinitely, and to maintain stable telomere lengths throughout the activation of specific telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMM). Therefore in the last fifteen years, researchers proposed to target telomerase or telomeric structure in order to block limitless replicative potential of cancer cells providing a fascinating strategy for a broad-spectrum cancer therapy. In the present review, we report in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding the use of chemical agents targeting both telomerase or telomere structure and showing promising antitumor effects when used in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., GRN163L), non-nucleoside inhibitors (e.g., BIBR1532) and nucleoside analogs (e.g., AZT) represent some of the most potent strategies to inhibit telomerase activity used in combination with IR. Furthermore, radiosensitizing effects were demonstrated also for agents acting directly on the telomeric structure such as G4-ligands (e.g., RHPS4 and Telomestatin) or telomeric-oligos (T-oligos). To date, some of these compounds are under clinical evaluation (e.g., GRN163L and KML001). Advantages of Telomere/Telomerase Targeting Compounds (T/TTCs) coupled with radiotherapy may be relevant in the treatment of radioresistant tumors and in the development of new optimized treatment plans with reduced dose adsorbed by patients and consequent attenuation of short- end long-term side effects. Pros and cons of possible future applications in cancer therapy based on the combination of T/TCCs and radiation treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berardinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Coluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy
| | - A Sgura
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antoccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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Yoshida K, Misumi M, Kubo Y, Yamaoka M, Kyoizumi S, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Kusunoki Y. Long-Term Effects of Radiation Exposure and Metabolic Status on Telomere Length of Peripheral Blood T Cells in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Radiat Res 2016; 186:367-376. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ci X, Li B, Ma X, Kong F, Zheng C, Björkholm M, Jia J, Xu D. Bortezomib-mediated down-regulation of telomerase and disruption of telomere homeostasis contributes to apoptosis of malignant cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38079-92. [PMID: 26472030 PMCID: PMC4741985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib inhibits the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway to achieve its anti-cancer effect and its well characterized activity is the NF-κB inhibition through which the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression is down-regulated and apoptosis is subsequently induced. However, the downstream molecular targets of bortezomib are still incompletely defined. Because telomere stabilization via activation of telomerase, induction of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and appropriate expression of shelterin proteins is essential to cancer development and progression, we investigated the effect of bortezomib on telomere homeostasis/function in malignant cells. The bortezomib treatment of leukemic (HEL) and gastric cancer cells (BGC-823) led to significant inhibition of hTERT and telomerase expression, widespread dysregulation of shelterin protein expression, and telomere shortening, thereby triggering telomere dysfunction and DNA damage. hTERT over-expression attenuated bortezomib-induced telomere shortening, abnormal shelterin expression and telomere dysfunction. Importantly, bortezomib-mediated apoptosis of malignant cells was partially prevented by hTERT over-expression. Mechanistically, hTERT first robustly enhances bcl2 expression and maintains significantly high residual levels of bcl2 even in bortezomib-treated HEL cells. Second, hTERT protects against bortezomib-induced DNA damage. Our findings collectively reveal a profound impact of bortezomib on telomere homeostasis/function. Down-regulation of hTERT expression and telomere dysfunction induced by bortezomib both contribute to its cancer cell killing actions. It is evident from the present study that hTERT can confer resistance of malignant cells to bortezomib-based target cancer therapy, which may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ci
- Central Research Laboratory, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bingnan Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueping Ma
- Central Research Laboratory, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, PR China.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratories for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, PR China
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Scherthan H, Sotnik N, Peper M, Schrock G, Azizova T, Abend M. Telomere Length in Aged Mayak PA Nuclear Workers Chronically Exposed to Internal Alpha and External Gamma Radiation. Radiat Res 2016; 185:658-67. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Zhang X, Li B, de Jonge N, Björkholm M, Xu D. The DNA methylation inhibitor induces telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of leukemia cells that is attenuated by telomerase over-expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4888-900. [PMID: 25682873 PMCID: PMC4467122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) such as 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) have been used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. Although inhibiting global/gene-specific DNA methylation is widely accepted as a key mechanism behind DNMTI anti-tumor activity, other mechanisms are likely involved in DNMTI's action. Because telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays key roles in cancer through telomere elongation and telomere lengthening-independent activities, and TERT has been shown to confer chemo- or radio-resistance to cancer cells, we determine whether DNMTIs affect telomere function and whether TERT/telomerase interferes with their anti-cancer efficacy. We showed that 5-AZA induced DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in AML cell lines by demonstrating the presence of 53-BP1 foci and the co-localization of 53-BP1 foci with telomere signals, respectively. Telomere dysfunction was coupled with diminished TERT expression, shorter telomere and apoptosis in 5-AZA-treated cells. However, 5-AZA treatment did not lead to changes in the methylation status of subtelomere regions. Down-regulation of TERT expression similarly occurred in primary leukemic cells derived from AML patients exposed to 5-AZA. TERT over-expression significantly attenuated 5-AZA-mediated DNA damage, telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of AML cells. Collectively, 5-AZA mediates the down-regulation of TERT expression, and induces telomere dysfunction, which consequently exerts an anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick de Jonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Changenet-Barret P, Gustavsson T, Markovitsi D, Manet I. Ultrafast Electron Transfer in Complexes of Doxorubicin with Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes and GC Duplexes Probed by Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1264-72. [PMID: 26790038 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a natural anthracycline widely used in chemotherapy; its combined application as a chemotherapeutic and photodynamic agent has been recently proposed. In this context, understanding the photoinduced properties of DOX complexes with nucleic acids is crucial. Herein, the study of photoinduced electron transfer in DOX-DNA complexes by femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy is reported. The behaviour of complexes with two model DNA structures, a G-quadruplex (G4) formed by the human telomeric sequence (Tel21) and a d(GC) duplex, is compared. The DOX affinity for these two sequences is similar. Although both 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometries have been reported for DOX-G4 complexes, only 1:1 complexes form with the duplex. The steady-state absorption indicates a strong binding interaction with the duplex due to drug intercalation between the GC base pairs. In contrast, the interaction of DOX with Tel21 is much weaker and arises from drug binding on the G4 external faces at two independent binding sites. As observed for DOX-d(GC) complexes, fluorescence of the drug in the first binding site of Tel21 exhibits decays within a few picoseconds following a biphasic pattern; this is attributed to the existence of two drug conformations. The fluorescence of the drug in the second binding site of Tel21 shows slower decays within 150 ps. These timescales are consistent with electron transfer from the guanines to the excited drug, as favoured by the lower oxidation potential of the stacked guanines of G4 with respect to those in the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Changenet-Barret
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,LOB, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
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Paviolo NS, Santiñaque FF, Castrogiovanni DC, Folle GA, Bolzán AD. The methylating agent streptozotocin induces persistent telomere dysfunction in mammalian cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 794:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Senescence as a general cellular response to stress: A mini-review. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:124-8. [PMID: 26435346 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was initially described as the phenomenon of limited cell divisions that normal cells in culture can undergo during long-term-cultivation. Later it was found that senescence may be induced by various stress factors. The intriguing resemblance between stress-induced and replicative senescence makes questionable the distinction between both types and suggests that the cellular senescence is a common outcome of stress response. Growing evidences support the idea that stress-induced senescence is the cell-type specific.
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Samarth RM, Samarth M, Matsumoto Y. Utilization of cytogenetic biomarkers as a tool for assessment of radiation injury and evaluation of radiomodulatory effects of various medicinal plants - a review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5355-72. [PMID: 26451089 PMCID: PMC4590411 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic biological measurement of “cytogenetic endpoints” has helped phenomenally in assessment of risks associated with radiation exposure. There has been a surge in recent times for the usage of radioactive materials in health care, agriculture, industrial, and nuclear power sectors. The likelihood of radiation exposure from accidental or occupational means is always higher in an overburdened ecosystem that is continuously challenged to meet the population demands. Risks associated with radiation exposure in this era of modern industrial growth are minimal as international regulations for maintaining the safety standards are stringent and strictly adhered to, however, a recent disaster like “Fukushima” impels us to think beyond. The major objective of radiobiology is the development of an orally effective radio-modifier that provides protection from radiation exposure. Once available for mass usage, these compounds will not only be useful for providing selective protection against accidental and occupational radiation exposure but also help to permit use of higher doses of radiation during treatment of various malignancies curtailing unwarranted adverse effects imposed on normal tissues. Bio-active compounds isolated from natural sources enriched with antioxidants possess unique immune-modulating properties, thus providing a double edged benefit over synthetic radioprotectors. We aim to provide here a comprehensive overview of the various agents originating from plant sources that portrayed promising radioprotection in various experimental models with special emphasis on studies that used cytogenetic biomarkers. The agents will include crude extracts of various medicinal plants, purified fractions, and herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (ICMR), Bhopal, India ; National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Meenakshi Samarth
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Martín M, Terradas M, Hernández L, Genescà A. γH2AX foci on apparently intact mitotic chromosomes: not signatures of misrejoining events but signals of unresolved DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3026-36. [PMID: 25486563 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.947786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of γH2AX foci on apparently intact mitotic chromosomes is controversial because they challenge the assumed relationship between γH2AX foci and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this work, we show that after irradiation during interphase, a variety of γH2AX foci are scored in mitotic cells. Surprisingly, approximately 80% of the γH2AX foci spread over apparently undamaged chromatin at Terminal or Interstitial positions and they can display variable sizes, thus being classified as Small, Medium and Big foci. Chromosome and chromatid breaks that reach mitosis are spotted with Big (60%) and Medium (30%) Terminal γH2AX foci, but very rarely are they signaled with Small γH2AX foci. To evaluate if Interstitial γH2AX foci might be signatures of misrejoining, an mFISH analysis was performed on the same slides. The results show that Interstitial γH2AX foci lying on apparently intact chromatin do not mark sites of misrejoining, and that misrejoined events were never signaled by a γH2AX foci during mitosis. Finally, when analyzing the presence of other DNA-damage response (DDR) factors we found that all γH2AX foci-regardless their coincidence with a visible break-always colocalized with MRE11, but not with 53BP1. This pattern suggests that these γH2AX foci may be hallmarks of both microscopically visible and invisible DNA damage, in which an active, although incomplete or halted DDR is taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martín
- a Department of Cell Biology, Immunology, and Neuroscience ; Autonomous University of Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
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Aboalela N, Lyon D, Elswick RK, Kelly DL, Brumelle J, Bear HD, Jackson-Cook C. Perceived Stress Levels, Chemotherapy, Radiation Treatment and Tumor Characteristics Are Associated with a Persistent Increased Frequency of Somatic Chromosomal Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: A One Year Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133380. [PMID: 26177092 PMCID: PMC4503400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While advances in therapeutic approaches have resulted in improved survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer, subsets of these survivors develop persistent psychoneurological symptoms (fatigue, depression/anxiety, cognitive dysfunction) that compromise their quality of life. The biological basis for these persistent symptoms is unclear, but could reflect the acquisition of soma-wide chromosomal instability following the multiple biological/psychological exposures associated with the diagnosis/treatment of breast cancer. An essential first step toward testing this hypothesis is to determine if these cancer-related exposures are indeed associated with somatic chromosomal instability frequencies. Towards this end, we longitudinally studied 71 women (ages 23-71) with early-stage breast cancer and quantified their somatic chromosomal instability levels using a cytokinesis-blocked micronuclear/cytome assay at 4 timepoints: before chemotherapy (baseline); four weeks after chemotherapy initiation; six months after chemotherapy (at which time some women received radiotherapy); and one year following chemotherapy initiation. Overall, a significant change in instability frequencies was observed over time, with this change differing based on whether the women received radiotherapy (p=0.0052). Also, significantly higher instability values were observed one year after treatment initiation compared to baseline for the women who received: sequential taxotere/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (p<0.001) or taxotere/cyclophosphamide (p=0.014). Significant predictive associations for acquired micronuclear/cytome abnormality frequencies were also observed for race (p=0.0052), tumor type [luminal B tumors] (p=0.0053), and perceived stress levels (p=0.0129). The impact of perceived stress on micronuclear/cytome frequencies was detected across all visits, with the highest levels of stress being reported at baseline (p =0.0024). These findings suggest that the cancer-related exposome has an impact on both healthy somatic cells and tumor cells, and may lead to persistent chromosomal instability. In addition, stress was a significant predictor of chromosomal instability; thus, interventions that aim to reduce stress may reduce acquired soma-wide chromosomal instability for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noran Aboalela
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Debra Lyon
- Family and Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. K. Elswick
- Family and Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Family and Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jenni Brumelle
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li X, Liu W, Wang H, Yang L, Li Y, Wen H, Ning H, Wang J, Zhang L, Li J, Fan D. Rap1 is indispensable for TRF2 function in etoposide-induced DNA damage response in gastric cancer cell line. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e144. [PMID: 25821946 PMCID: PMC4491608 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomeric protein TRF2, involving in telomeric and extratelomeric DNA damage response, has been previously reported to facilitate multidrug resistance (MDR) in gastric cancer cells by interfering ATM-dependent DNA damage response induced by anticancer drugs. Rap1 is the TRF2-interacting protein in the shelterin complex. Complex formation between Rap1 and TRF2 is essential for their function in telomere and end protection. Here we focus on the effects of Rap1 on TRF2 function in DNA damage response induced by anticancer drugs. Both Rap1 and TRF2 expression were upregulated in SGC7901 and its MDR variant SGC7901/VCR after etoposide treatment, which was more marked in SGC7901/VCR than in SGC7901. Rap1 silencing by siRNA in SGC7901/VCR partially reversed the etoposide resistance. And Rap1 silencing partially reversed the TRF2-mediated resistance to etoposide in SGC7901. Rap1 silencing did not affect the TRF2 upregulation induced by etoposide, but eliminated the inhibition effect of TRF2 on ATM expression and ATM phosphorylation at serine 1981 (ATM pS1981). Furthermore, phosphorylation of ATM targets, including γH2AX and serine 15 (S15) on p53, were increased in Rap1 silencing cells in response to etoposide. Thus, we confirm that Rap1, interacting with TRF2 in the shelterin complex, also has an important role in TRF2-mediated DNA damage response in gastric cancer cells treated by etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W Liu
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H Wang
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Yang
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H Wen
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H Ning
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Wang
- Department V of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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The role of telomeres in predicting individual radiosensitivity of patients with cancer in the era of personalized radiotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:354-60. [PMID: 25704912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a key role in cancer treatments, but tumor cell death differs from one tumor to another. The response of patients to radiotherapy varies considerably and adverse side effects are difficult to prevent. The mechanisms involved in the heterogeneity of this response are not well understood. In order to enhance the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy, it is important to identify subpopulations most at risk of developing a late adverse response to radiotherapy. Telomeres are composed of multiple repeats of a unique sequence of nucleotides forming a TTAGGG pattern. They protect chromosomes from end-to-end fusion and maintain genomic stability. Telomeres have been shown to be extremely sensitive to radiotherapy especially because of their atypical DNA damage repair response, which includes partial inhibition of the non-homologous end joining repair pathway. Ionizing Radiation (IR)-induced damage to telomere DNA could lead to chromosome instability and the initiation or progression of tumor processes. Telomeres could thus be a reliable marker of IR exposure and as such become a new parameter for predicting radiosensitivity. Furthermore, short telomeres are more sensitive to radiotherapy, which could partially explain differences in tumor cell death and in inter-individual sensitivity to radiotherapy. Telomere length could be used to identify subpopulations of patients who could benefit from higher or lower doses per fraction. Finally, pharmacological interference with tumor-cell telomere biology to reduce telomere length and/or telomere stability could also enhance the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy. Telomeres could play a key role in radiotherapy in the era of personalized medicine.
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Benitez-Buelga C, Sanchez-Barroso L, Gallardo M, Apellániz-Ruiz M, Inglada-Pérez L, Yanowski K, Carrillo J, Garcia-Estevez L, Calvo I, Perona R, Urioste M, Osorio A, Blasco MA, Rodriguez-Antona C, Benitez J. Impact of chemotherapy on telomere length in sporadic and familial breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:385-94. [PMID: 25528024 PMCID: PMC4824277 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we observed that telomeres of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were shorter than those of controls or sporadic breast cancer patients, suggesting that mutations in these genes might be responsible for this event. Given the contradictory results reported in the literature, we tested whether other parameters, such as chemotherapy, could be modifying telomere length (TL). We performed a cross-sectional study measuring leukocyte TL of 266 sporadic breasts cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, with a median follow-up of 240 days. Additionally, we performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in a series of 236 familial breast cancer patients that included affected and non-affected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We have measured in leukocytes from peripheral blood: the TL, percentage of short telomeres (<3 kb), telomerase activity levels and the annual telomere shortening speed. In sporadic cases we found that chemotherapy exerts a transient telomere shortening effect (around 2 years) that varies depending on the drug combination. In familial cases, only patients receiving treatment were associated with telomere shortening but they recovered normal TL after a period of 2 years. Chemotherapy affects TL and should be considered in the studies that correlate TL with disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benitez-Buelga
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain,
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Reste J, Zvigule G, Zvagule T, Kurjane N, Eglite M, Gabruseva N, Berzina D, Plonis J, Miklasevics E. Telomere length in Chernobyl accident recovery workers in the late period after the disaster. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:1089-100. [PMID: 25015931 PMCID: PMC4229925 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) accident was that a huge number of people were exposed to ionizing radiation. Previous studies of CNPP clean-up workers from Latvia revealed a high occurrence of age-associated degenerative diseases and cancer in young adults, as well as a high mortality as a result of cardiovascular disorders at age 45-54 years. DNA tandem repeats that cap chromosome ends, known as telomeres, are sensitive to oxidative damage and exposure to ionizing radiation. Telomeres are important in aging processes and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of protracted ionizing radiation exposure on telomere length in CNPP clean-up workers. Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of 595 CNPP clean-up workers and 236 gender- and age-matched controls using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Close attention was paid to participation year and tasks performed during the worker's stay in Chernobyl, health status, and RTL differences between subgroups. Telomere shortening was not found in CNPP clean-up workers; on the contrary, their RTL was slightly greater than in controls (P = 0.001). Longer telomeres were found in people who worked during 1986, in those undertaking 'dirty' tasks (digging and deactivation), and in people with cancer. Shorter telomeres appeared frequently in those with cataract, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, or coronary heart disease. We conclude that the longer telomeres revealed in people more heavily exposed to ionizing radiation probably indicate activation of telomerase as a chromosome healing mechanism following damage, and reflect defects in telomerase regulation that could potentiate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Reste
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia Centre of Occupational and Radiological Medicine, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Gunda Zvigule
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Tija Zvagule
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia Centre of Occupational and Radiological Medicine, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Natalja Kurjane
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia Centre of Occupational and Radiological Medicine, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Maija Eglite
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia Centre of Occupational and Radiological Medicine, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Natalija Gabruseva
- Centre of Occupational and Radiological Medicine, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Dace Berzina
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Juris Plonis
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Edvins Miklasevics
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
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Circulating MicroRNAs as easy-to-measure aging biomarkers in older breast cancer patients: correlation with chronological age but not with fitness/frailty status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110644. [PMID: 25333486 PMCID: PMC4204997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise as easily accessible biomarkers for diverse (patho)physiological processes, including aging. We have compared miRNA expression profiles in cell-free blood from older versus young breast cancer patients, in order to identify “aging miRNAs” that can be used in the future to monitor the impact of chemotherapy on the patient’s biological age. First, we assessed 175 miRNAs that may possibly be present in serum/plasma in an exploratory screening in 10 young and 10 older patients. The top-15 ranking miRNAs showing differential expression between young and older subjects were further investigated in an independent cohort consisting of another 10 young and 20 older subjects. Plasma levels of miR-20a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR106b, miR191 and miR-301a were confirmed to show significant age-related decreases (all p≤0.004). The remaining miRNAs included in the validation study (miR-21, miR-210, miR-320b, miR-378, miR-423-5p, let-7d, miR-140-5p, miR-200c, miR-374a, miR376a) all showed similar trends as observed in the exploratory screening but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, the age-associated miRNAs did not show differential expression between fit/healthy and non-fit/frail subjects within the older breast cancer cohort of the validation study and thus merit further investigation as true aging markers that not merely reflect frailty.
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Promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is significantly associated with leukocyte telomere length in Han Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94442. [PMID: 24710073 PMCID: PMC3978058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT)-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) plays an important role in modulating mood and behavior by regulating 5-HTT expression and thereby controlling the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in brain synapses: The homozygous shorter allele (S/S) in 5-HTTLPR results in lower 5-HTT expression coupled with stronger psycho-pathological reactions to stressful experiences compared to the homozygous long (L/L) and heterozygous (S/L) alleles. Psychological insults and mood disorders have been shown to cause accelerated telomere shortening, a marker of biological aging, however, it is currently unclear whether the allelic variants of 5-HTTLPR affect telomere length (TL) in the healthy population without mood disorders. In the present study, we determined the relationship between TL and the 5-HTTLPR variants in healthy Han Chinese. The 5-HTTLPR genotyping and leukocyte TL analysis of 280 young female Han Chinese freshmen showed a significantly shorter TL in 149 of them carrying the 5-HTTLPR S/S version compared to those (131) with the L/S or L/S plus L/L genotypes (mean ± SD, 0.533±0.241 for S/S vs 0.607±0.312 for L/S, P = 0.034; or vs 0.604±0.313 for L/S plus L/L, P = 0.038). Similar results were achieved in the other cohort including 220 adult healthy individuals of different age, gender and profession (0.691±0.168 for S/S vs 0.729±0.211 for L/S, P = 0.046, or vs 0.725±0.213 for L/S plus L/L, P = 0.039). Taken together, shorter leukocyte TL is significantly associated with the 5-HTTLPR S/S allelic variant, which may be implicated in psychological stress-related health problems.
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Winters-Stone K. Tai Ji Quan for the aging cancer survivor: Mitigating the accelerated development of disability, falls, and cardiovascular disease from cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2014; 3:52-57. [PMID: 25285233 PMCID: PMC4180213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently there are more than 13.7 million cancer survivors living in the U.S., and that figure is projected to increase by 31% in the next decade, adding another 4 million cancer survivors into the healthcare system. Cancer is largely a disease of aging, and the aging of the population will sharply raise the proportion of older cancer survivors, many of whom will be long-term survivors (5+ years post diagnosis). This review will address the potential utility of exercise to address three health problems that are of particular concern for the aging cancer survivor and the healthcare system, i.e., disability, falls, and cardiovascular disease, because the development of these age-related problems may be accelerated by cancer treatment. While there are many different modes of exercise that each produce specific adaptations, Tai Ji Quan may be a particularly suitable strategy to mitigate the development of age- and cancer-treatment-related problems. Based on studies in older adults without cancer, Tai Ji Quan produces musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic adaptations and is more easily performed by older adults due to its low energy cost and slower movement patterns. Since cancer survivors are mostly older, inactive, and often physically limited by the lingering side effects of treatment, they need to engage in safe, practical, and effective modes of exercise. The dearth of published controlled trials examining the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan to mitigate cancer-treatment-related musculoskeletal and cardiovascular side effects points to ample research opportunities to explore the application of this non-Western exercise modality to improve long-term outcomes for aging cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Winters-Stone
- School of Nursing and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Paviolo NS, Castrogiovanni DC, Bolzán AD. The radiomimetic compound streptonigrin induces persistent telomere dysfunction in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 2014; 760:16-23. [PMID: 24406867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the chromosomal aberrations involving telomeres in the progeny of mammalian cells exposed to the radiomimetic compound streptonigrin (SN) in order to determine if this antineoplastic drug induces long-term telomere instability. To this end, rat cells (ADIPO-P2 cell line, derived from adipose cells from Sprague-Dawley rat) were treated with a single concentration of SN (100ng/ml), and chromosomal aberrations were analyzed 18h and 10 and 15 days after treatment by using PNA-FISH with a pan-telomeric probe [Cy3-(CCCTAA)3] to detect (TTAGGG)n repeats. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a higher frequency of telomere dysfunction-related aberrations (additional telomeric FISH signals, extra-chromosomal telomeric FISH signals, and telomere FISH signal loss and duplications) in SN-exposed cultures vs. untreated cultures at every time points analyzed. The yield of SN-induced aberrations remained very similar at 18h, 10 days as well as 15 days after treatment. Thus, our data demonstrate that SN induces persistent telomere dysfunction in mammalian cells. Moreover, we found that the level of telomerase activity in SN-treated cells was significantly lower (up to 77%) than that of untreated control cells at each time points analyzed. This fact suggests that telomerase could be involved in SN-induced telomere dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Paviolo
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CCT-CONICET La Plata-CICPBA), C.C. 403, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Castrogiovanni
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CCT-CONICET La Plata-CICPBA), C.C. 403, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CCT-CONICET La Plata-CICPBA), C.C. 403, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shim G, Ricoul M, Hempel WM, Azzam EI, Sabatier L. Crosstalk between telomere maintenance and radiation effects: A key player in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 760:S1383-5742(14)00002-7. [PMID: 24486376 PMCID: PMC4119099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that ionizing radiation induces chromosomal damage, both following direct radiation exposure and via non-targeted (bystander) effects, activating DNA damage repair pathways, of which the proteins are closely linked to telomeric proteins and telomere maintenance. Long-term propagation of this radiation-induced chromosomal damage during cell proliferation results in chromosomal instability. Many studies have shown the link between radiation exposure and radiation-induced changes in oxidative stress and DNA damage repair in both targeted and non-targeted cells. However, the effect of these factors on telomeres, long established as guardians of the genome, still remains to be clarified. In this review, we will focus on what is known about how telomeres are affected by exposure to low- and high-LET ionizing radiation and during proliferation, and will discuss how telomeres may be a key player in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
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48
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Gramatges MM, Liu Q, Yasui Y, Okcu MF, Neglia JP, Strong LC, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Bhatia S. Telomere content and risk of second malignant neoplasm in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:904-11. [PMID: 24277454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shorter constitutional telomere length has been associated with increased cancer incidence. Furthermore, telomere shortening is observed in response to intensive chemotherapy and/or ionizing radiation exposure. We aimed to determine whether less telomere content was associated with treatment-related second malignant neoplasms (SMN) in childhood cancer survivors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a nested case-control design, 147 cancer survivors with breast cancer, thyroid cancer, or sarcoma developing after treatment for childhood cancer (cases) were matched (1:1) with childhood cancer survivors without a SMN (controls). Cases and controls were matched by primary cancer diagnosis, years since diagnosis, age at the time of sample collection, years of follow-up from childhood cancer diagnosis, exposure to specific chemotherapy agents, and to specific radiation fields. We performed conditional logistic regression using telomere content as a continuous variable to estimate ORs with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for development of SMN. ORs were also estimated for specific SMN types, i.e., breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma. RESULTS There was an inverse relationship between telomere content and SMN, with an adjusted OR of 0.3 per unit change in telomere length to single-copy gene ratio (95% CI, 0.09-1.02; P = 0.05). Patients with thyroid cancer SMN were less likely to have more telomere content (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00-0.55; P = 0.01), but statistically significant associations could not be demonstrated for breast cancer or sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS A relation between less telomere content and treatment-related thyroid cancer was observed, suggesting that shorter telomeres may contribute to certain SMNs in childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Gramatges
- Authors' Affiliations: Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Cheng G, Kong F, Luan Y, Sun C, Wang J, Zhang L, Jiang B, Qi T, Zhao J, Zheng C, Xu D. Differential shortening rate of telomere length in the development of human fetus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:112-5. [PMID: 24246679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability/integrity and are synthesized by the RNA-dependent polymerase telomerase. Progressive telomere shortening contributes to both in vitro and in vivo aging, and telomere length dynamics and telomerase expression profile in human tissues during extrauterine life have been well characterized. However, little is known about these changes in the early stage of gestation. In the present study, we determined telomere length and the expression of telomerase core units (telomerase reverse transcriptase, hTERT, and telomerase RNA component, hTERC) in human fetus tissues from 6 to 11 weeks of gestational age. A sharp decline in telomere length occurred between 6 and 7 weeks of gestational age, and a relatively stable or slightly shortened telomere length was thereafter maintained until birth. The inverse correlation between TERT or TERC expression and gestational age was steadily observed in these fetus tissues. Taken together, there is a rapid reduction followed by a slow erosion of telomere length in human fetus from gestational age 6-11 weeks, while hTERT and hTERC expression decreases steadily during this period. The present findings not only contribute to better understandings of telomere/telomerase biology in human embryonic development, but also are implicated in telomere/telomerase-related diseases or problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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hTERT: Another brick in the wall of cancer cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2013; 752:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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