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Xu L, Chen Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Guo J, Zhong T, Wang L, Zhan S, Li L, Zhang H, Cao J. An Identification of Functional Genetic Variants in B4GALNT2 Gene and Their Association with Growth Traits in Goats. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:330. [PMID: 38540389 PMCID: PMC10970026 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 2 (B4GALNT2) is a vital candidate gene that affects the growth traits in sheep. However, whether it has the same function in goats remains to be investigated further. This study selected 348 Nanjiang Yellow goats, screened all exons, and conserved non-coding regions of the B4GALNT2 gene for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our results revealed the presence of a synonymous mutation, rs672215506, within the exon of the B4GALNT2 gene in the Nanjiang Yellow goat population. The mutation resulted in a decrease in the mRNA stability of the B4GALNT2 gene. The results of SNP detection of the conserved non-coding region of the B4GALNT2 gene showed five potential regulatory SNPs in the Nanjiang Yellow goat population. Except for rs66095343, the ~500 bp fragments of the other four SNPs (rs649127714, rs649573228, rs652899012, and rs639183528) significantly increased the luciferase activity both in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and 293T cells. The genetic diversity indexes indicated low or intermediate levels for all six SNPs analyzed, and the genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis showed that rs660965343, rs649127714, and rs649573228 significantly correlate with growth traits in the later stage of growth and development of Nanjiang Yellow goats. The haplotype combinations of H2H3 and H2H2 had higher body weight and greater body size. Moreover, H2H2 haplotype combinations significantly correlated with the litter size of the Nanjiang Yellow goats. The results of our study demonstrate the potential role of the B4GALNT2 gene as a functional genetic marker in the breeding programs of Nanjiang Yellow goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zitong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- Xinjiang Yili Prelecture Animal Husbandry Station, Yining 835000, China
| | - Shuheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yu Chen
- Sichuan Nanjiang Yellow Goat Breeding Farm, Nanjiang 635600, China;
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.X.); (Z.C.); (S.C.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
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N-Glycan on the Non-Consensus N-X-C Glycosylation Site Impacts Activity, Stability, and Localization of the Sd a Synthase B4GALNT2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044139. [PMID: 36835549 PMCID: PMC9959560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sda carbohydrate epitope and its biosynthetic B4GALNT2 enzyme are expressed in the healthy colon and down-regulated to variable extents in colon cancer. The human B4GALNT2 gene drives the expression of a long and a short protein isoform (LF-B4GALNT2 and SF-B4GALNT2) sharing identical transmembrane and luminal domains. Both isoforms are trans-Golgi proteins and the LF-B4GALNT2 also localizes to post-Golgi vesicles thanks to its extended cytoplasmic tail. Control mechanisms underpinning Sda and B4GALNT2 expression in the gastrointestinal tract are complex and not fully understood. This study reveals the existence of two unusual N-glycosylation sites in B4GALNT2 luminal domain. The first atypical N-X-C site is evolutionarily conserved and occupied by a complex-type N-glycan. We explored the influence of this N-glycan using site-directed mutagenesis and showed that each mutant had a slightly decreased expression level, impaired stability, and reduced enzyme activity. Furthermore, we observed that the mutant SF-B4GALNT2 was partially mislocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the mutant LF-B4GALNT2 was still localized in the Golgi and post-Golgi vesicles. Lastly, we showed that the formation of homodimers was drastically impaired in the two mutated isoforms. An AlphaFold2 model of the LF-B4GALNT2 dimer with an N-glycan on each monomer corroborated these findings and suggested that N-glycosylation of each B4GALNT2 isoform controlled their biological activity.
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Duca M, Malagolini N, Dall'Olio F. The story of the Sd a antigen and of its cognate enzyme B4GALNT2: What is new? Glycoconj J 2023; 40:123-133. [PMID: 36287346 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Gal- is the epitope of the Sda antigen, which is expressed on the erythrocytes and secretions of the vast majority of Caucasians, carried by N- and O-linked chains of glycoproteins, as well as by glycolipids. Sda is very similar, but not identical, to ganglioside GM2 [Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Galβ1,4Glc-Cer]. The Sda synthase β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4GALNT2) exists in a short and a long form, diverging in the aminoterminal domain. The latter has a very long cytoplasmic tail and displays a Golgi- as well as a post-Golgi localization. The biosynthesis of Sda is mutually exclusive with that of the cancer-associated sialyl Lewis antigens, whose structure is Siaα2,3Galβ1,3/4(Fucα1,4/3)GlcNAc-. B4GALNT2 is down-regulated in colon cancer but patients with higher expression survive longer. In experimental systems, B4GALNT2 inhibits colon cancer progression,not only through inhibition of sialyl Lewis antigen biosynthesis. By contrast, in breast cancer B4GALNT2 is associated with malignancy. In colon cancer, the B4GALNT2 gene is regulated by multiple mechanisms, which include miRNA and transcription factor expression, as well as CpG methylation. In addition, Sda/B4GALNT2 regulates the susceptibility to infectious agents, the protection from muscle dystrophy, the activity of immune system in pregnancy and the immune rejection in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Duca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Stenfelt L, Nilsson J, Hellberg Å, Liew YW, Morrison J, Larson G, Olsson ML. Glycoproteomic and Phenotypic Elucidation of B4GALNT2 Expression Variants in the SID Histo-Blood Group System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073936. [PMID: 35409292 PMCID: PMC8999409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sda histo-blood group antigen (GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-3)Galβ-R) is implicated in various infections and constitutes a potential biomarker for colon cancer. Sd(a−) individuals (2−4% of Europeans) may produce anti-Sda, which can lead to incompatible blood transfusions, especially if donors with the high-expressing Sd(a++)/Cad phenotype are involved. We previously reported the association of B4GALNT2 mutations with Sd(a−), which established the SID blood-group system. The present study provides causal proof underpinning this correlation. Sd(a−) HEK293 cells were transfected with different B4GALNT2 constructs and evaluated by immunostaining and glycoproteomics. The predominant SIDnull candidate allele with rs7224888:T>C (p.Cys406Arg) abolished Sda synthesis, while this antigen was detectable as N- or O-glycans on glycoproteins following transfection of wildtype B4GALNT2. Surprisingly, two rare missense variants, rs148441237:A>G and rs61743617:C>T, found in a Sd(a−) compound heterozygote, gave results similar to wildtype. To elucidate on whether Sd(a++)/Cad also depends on B4GALNT2 alterations, this gene was sequenced in five individuals. No Cad-specific changes were identified, but a detailed erythroid Cad glycoprotein profile was obtained, especially for glycophorin-A (GLPA) O-glycosylation, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (S29A1) O-glycosylation, and band 3 anion transport protein (B3AT) N-glycosylation. In conclusion, the p.Cys406Arg β4GalNAc-T2 variant causes Sda-deficiency in humans, while the enigmatic Cad phenotype remains unresolved, albeit further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Stenfelt
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (M.L.O.)
| | - Åsa Hellberg
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Yew Wah Liew
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (Y.W.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Jenny Morrison
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (Y.W.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Göran Larson
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin L. Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (M.L.O.)
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Anderson JR. Science-in-brief: Proteomics and metabolomics in equine veterinary science. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:449-452. [PMID: 35133023 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Ross Anderson
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Hires M, Jane E, Kalavska K, Chovanec M, Mego M, Kasak P, Bertok T, Tkac J. Glycan signatures for the identification of cisplatin‐resistant testicular cancer cell lines: Specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cancer Med 2022; 11:968-982. [PMID: 35044085 PMCID: PMC8855906 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent type of cancer among young men aged between 15 and 34 years. TC is treated using cisplatin, but 3%–5% of TC patients fail to respond to cisplatin, with a very bad to fatal prognosis. Accordingly, it is most important to quickly and readily identify those TC patients who are resistant to cisplatin treatment. Methods This study seeks to investigate changes in the glycosylation associated with cisplatin resistance to TC cell lines. Results A specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was analysed in three TC cell lines and one cell line of female origin. A typical calibration curve for hCG glycoprofiling showed a dynamic range up to 50 ng/ml, with a limit of detection of 0.3 ng/ml and assay reproducibility represented by relative standard deviation of 3.0%. Changes in the glycan signatures on hCG were analysed in cisplatin‐sensitive cell lines and in their cisplatin‐resistant sub‐lines using an enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) protocol. An immobilised antibody was applied to a selective capture of hCG from a cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates with final incubation using a lectin from a panel of 17 lectins. Conclusion The results suggest that one particular lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) can selectively discriminate sensitive TC cell lines from resistant TC cell lines. Moreover, there are additional lectins which can provide useful information about the strength of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
- 2nd Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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Groux‐Degroote S, Vicogne D, Cogez V, Schulz C, Harduin‐Lepers A. B4GALNT2 Controls Sd
a
and SLe
x
Antigen Biosynthesis in Healthy and Cancer Human Colon. Chembiochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100363
expr 800938655 + 862139822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux‐Degroote
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Anne Harduin‐Lepers
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
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Groux-Degroote S, Vicogne D, Cogez V, Schulz C, Harduin-Lepers A. B4GALNT2 Controls Sd a and SLe x Antigen Biosynthesis in Healthy and Cancer Human Colon. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3381-3390. [PMID: 34397142 PMCID: PMC9290495 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Sda carbohydrate antigen and the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are primarily expressed in human normal colonic mucosa and are down‐regulated to variable degrees in colon cancer. On the other hand, the tumor associated antigen SLex is not detected in the healthy colon and is upregulated in colon cancer. High level of B4GALNT2 gene expression appears to be a good marker of prognosis in colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating these carbohydrate antigens’ expression are still poorly understood. We review here the most recent progress made towards understanding this balanced expression of blood group carbohydrate epitopes Sda and SLex. In particular in recent years, we have attained a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulation of the B4GALNT2 gene and of the subcellular fate of B4GALNT2 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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Wavelet-Vermuse C, Groux-Degroote S, Vicogne D, Cogez V, Venturi G, Trinchera M, Brysbaert G, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Hadj Bachir E, Schulz C, Vincent A, Van Seuningen I, Harduin-Lepers A. Analysis of the proximal promoter of the human colon-specific B4GALNT2 (Sd a synthase) gene: B4GALNT2 is transcriptionally regulated by ETS1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194747. [PMID: 34500083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sda antigen and corresponding biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are primarily expressed in normal colonic mucosa and are down-regulated to a variable degree in colon cancer tissues. Although their expression profile is well studied, little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODS To clarify the molecular basis of Sda expression in the human gastrointestinal tract, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the human B4GALNT2 gene. The proximal promoter region was delineated using luciferase assays and essential trans-acting factors were identified through transient overexpression and silencing of several transcription factors. RESULTS A short cis-regulatory region restricted to the -72 to +12 area upstream of the B4GALNT2 short-type transcript variant contained the essential promoter activity that drives the expression of the human B4GALNT2 regardless of the cell type. We further showed that B4GALNT2 transcriptional activation mostly requires ETS1 and to a lesser extent SP1. CONCLUSIONS Results presented herein are expected to provide clues to better understand B4GALNT2 regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Wavelet-Vermuse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Giulia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Elsa Hadj Bachir
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
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10
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The Cancer-Associated Antigens Sialyl Lewis a/x and Sd a: Two Opposite Faces of Terminal Glycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215273. [PMID: 34771437 PMCID: PMC8582462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycosyltransferase β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferae 2 (B4GALNT2), product of the B4GALNT2 gene is responsible for the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen Sda. Both the enzyme and its cognate antigen display a restricted pattern of tissue expression and modulation in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancers. In colorectal cancer, B4GALNT2 is generally downregulated, but patients displaying higher expression survive longer. The sialyl Lewisa and sialyl Lewisx antigens are associated with malignancy. Their biosynthesis and that of Sda are mutually exclusive. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 in colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the transcriptome towards lower malignancy, reducing stemness. These effects are independent of B4GALNT2-induced sLea/sLex inhibition. Thus, B4GALNT2 is a marker of better prognosis and a cancer-restraining enzyme in colorectal cancer, with a therapeutic potential. Abstract Terminal carbohydrate structures are particularly relevant in oncology because they can serve as cancer markers and alter the phenotype of cancer cells. The Sda antigen and the sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea) antigens are terminal structures whose biosynthesis is mutually exclusive. In this review, we describe the main features of the Sda antigen in cancer and its relationship with sLex/a antigens. Information was obtained from an extensive literature search and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database. The Sda biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 undergoes downregulation in colorectal (CRC) and stomach cancer, while it is ectopically expressed by a minority of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. High expression of B4GALNT2 is associated with better prognosis and a less malignant gene expression profile in CRC, while the opposite occurs in BRCA. The regulation of B4GALNT2 expression in CRC is multifactorial, involving gene methylation and miRNA expression. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 inhibited sLea/sLex and reduced malignancy and stemness in cells constitutively expressing sLex/a antigens. However, consistent effects were observed upon B4GALNT2 forced expression and in cells not expressing sLex/a antigens. Thus, B4GALNT2 and the Sda antigen exert a tumor-restraining activity in CRC and probably other gastrointestinal cancers, independently of sLex/a antigens.
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Chen L, Luo W, Wang Y, Song X, Li S, Wu J, Sun L. Directional homing of glycosylation-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for bone defect repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:228. [PMID: 34332597 PMCID: PMC8325817 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the greatest challenges for tissue-engineered bone is the low survival rate of locally grafted cells. The cell homing technology can effectively increase the number of these grafted cells, therefore, enhancing the repair of bone defects. Here we explore the effect of fucosylation modification on the directional homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to repair bone defects. RESULTS Glycosylated BMSCs expressed high levels of the Sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX) antigen, which enabled the cells to efficiently bind to E- and P-selectins and to home to bone defect sites in vivo. Micro-CT and histological staining results confirmed that mice injected with FuT7-BMSCs showed an improved repair of bone defects compared to unmodified BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The glycosylation modification of BMSCs has significantly enhanced their directional homing ability to bone defect sites, therefore, promoting bone repair. Our results suggest that glycosylation-modified BMSCs can be used as the source of the cells for the tissue-engineered bone and provide a new approach for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Galeev A, Suwandi A, Cepic A, Basu M, Baines JF, Grassl GA. The role of the blood group-related glycosyltransferases FUT2 and B4GALNT2 in susceptibility to infectious disease. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151487. [PMID: 33662872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation profile of the gastrointestinal tract is an important factor mediating host-microbe interactions. Variation in these glycan structures is often mediated by blood group-related glycosyltransferases, and can lead to wide-ranging differences in susceptibility to both infectious- as well as chronic disease. In this review, we focus on the interplay between host glycosylation, the intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to gastrointestinal pathogens based on studies of two exemplary blood group-related glycosyltransferases that are conserved between mice and humans, namely FUT2 and B4GALNT2. We highlight that differences in susceptibility can arise due to both changes in direct interactions, such as bacterial adhesion, as well as indirect effects mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Although a large body of experimental work exists for direct interactions between host and pathogen, determining the more complex and variable mechanisms underlying three-way interactions involving the intestinal microbiota will be the subject of much-needed future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Galeev
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aleksa Cepic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meghna Basu
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Indellicato R, Trinchera M. Epigenetic Regulation of Glycosylation in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062980. [PMID: 33804149 PMCID: PMC7999748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the newly emerging field of epigenetic regulation of glycosylation acquired more importance because it is unraveling physiological and pathological mechanisms related to glycan functions. Glycosylation is a complex process in which proteins and lipids are modified by the attachment of monosaccharides. The main actors in this kind of modification are the glycoenzymes, which are translated from glycosylation-related genes (or glycogenes). The expression of glycogenes is regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms (mainly DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNAs). This review focuses only on these last ones, in relation to cancer and other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and IgA1 nephropathy. In fact, it is clear that a deeper knowledge in the fine-tuning of glycogenes is essential for acquiring new insights in the glycan field, especially if this could be useful for finding novel and personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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14
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Madunić K, Zhang T, Mayboroda OA, Holst S, Stavenhagen K, Jin C, Karlsson NG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Colorectal cancer cell lines show striking diversity of their O-glycome reflecting the cellular differentiation phenotype. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:337-350. [PMID: 32236654 PMCID: PMC7867528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in protein glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied using cell lines as models. However, little is known about their O-glycome and the differences in glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. To provide a better understanding of the variation in O-glycosylation phenotypes and their association with other molecular features, an in-depth O-glycosylation analysis of 26 different CRC cell lines was performed. The released O-glycans were analysed on porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization (PGC-nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) allowing isomeric separation as well as in-depth structural characterization. Associations between the observed glycan phenotypes with previously reported cell line transcriptome signatures were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Striking differences are observed between the O-glycomes of 26 CRC cell lines. Unsupervized principal component analysis reveals a separation between well-differentiated colon-like and undifferentiated cell lines. Colon-like cell lines are characterized by a prevalence of I-branched and sialyl Lewis x/a epitope carrying glycans, while most undifferentiated cell lines show absence of Lewis epitope expression resulting in dominance of truncated α2,6-core sialylated glycans. Moreover, the expression of glycan signatures associates with the expression of glycosyltransferases that are involved in their biosynthesis, providing a deeper insight into the regulation of glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. This untargeted in-depth screening of cell line O-glycomes paves the way for future studies exploring the role of glycosylation in CRC development and drug response leading to discovery of novel targets for the development of anti-cancer antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Rubén LC, Laura MR, Almudena FB, Emilio GM. Glycan array analysis of Pholiota squarrosa lectin and other fucose-oriented lectins. Glycobiology 2020; 31:459-476. [PMID: 33021632 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The α(1,6)fucose residue attached to the N-glycoprotein core is suspected to play an essential role in the progression of several types of cancer. Lectins remain the first choice for probing glycan modifications, although they may lack specificity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify new lectins with a narrower core fucose (CF) detection profile. Here, we present a comparison of the classical Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) with the newer Pholiota squarrosa lectin (PhoSL), which has been described as being specific for core fucosylated N-glycans. To this end, we studied the binding profiles of the four lectins using mammalian glycan arrays from the Consortium of Functional Glycomics. To validate their glycan specificity, we probed AOL, LCA and PhoSL in western-blot assays using protein extracts from eight common colorectal cancer (CRC) lines and colorectal biopsies from a small cohort of patients with CRC. The results showed that (i) LCA and PhoSL were the most specific lectins for detecting the presence of CF in a concentration-dependent manner; (ii) PhoSL exhibited the highest N-glycan sequence restriction, with preferential binding to core fucosylated paucimannosidic-type N-glycans, (iii) the recognition ability of PhoSL was highly influenced by the presence of terminal N-acetyl-lactosamine; (iv) LCA bound to paucimannosidic, bi-antennary and tri-antennary core fucosylated N-glycans and (v) AOL and AAL exhibited broader specificity towards fucosylation. Together, our results support the choice of LCA as the most appropriate lectin for CF detection, as validated in protein extracts from CRC cell lines and tissue specimens from patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- López-Cortés Rubén
- Doctoral Program in Methods and Applications in Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
| | - Muinelo-Romay Laura
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, Travesía da Choupana, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia ES15706, Spain
| | - Fernández-Briera Almudena
- Molecular Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
| | - Gil Martín Emilio
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra, Galicia ES36310, Spain
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16
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Pucci M, Gomes Ferreira I, Malagolini N, Ferracin M, Dall’Olio F. The Sd a Synthase B4GALNT2 Reduces Malignancy and Stemness in Colon Cancer Cell Lines Independently of Sialyl Lewis X Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186558. [PMID: 32911675 PMCID: PMC7555213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Sda antigen and its biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are highly expressed in healthy colon but undergo a variable down-regulation in colon cancer. The biosynthesis of the malignancy-associated sialyl Lewis x (sLex) antigen in normal and cancerous colon is mediated by fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6) and is mutually exclusive from that of Sda. It is thought that the reduced malignancy associated with high B4GALNT2 was due to sLex inhibition. Methods: We transfected the cell lines SW480 and SW620, derived respectively from a primary tumor and a metastasis of the same patient, with the cDNAs of FUT6 or B4GALNT2, generating cell variants expressing either the sLex or the Sda antigens. Transfectants were analyzed for growth in poor adherence, wound healing, stemness and gene expression profile. Results: B4GALNT2/Sda expression down-regulated all malignancy-associated phenotypes in SW620 but only those associated with stemness in SW480. FUT6/sLex enhanced some malignancy-associated phenotypes in SW620, but had little effect in SW480. The impact on the transcriptome was stronger for FUT6 than for B4GALNT2 and only partially overlapping between SW480 and SW620. Conclusions: B4GALNT2/Sda inhibits the stemness-associated malignant phenotype, independently of sLex inhibition. The impact of glycosyltransferases on the phenotype and the transcriptome is highly cell-line specific.
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17
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Osimanjiang W, Roballo KCS, Houck BD, Ito M, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Haslam SM, Bushman JS. Analysis of N- and O-Linked Glycosylation: Differential Glycosylation after Rat Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1954-1962. [PMID: 32316850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental cellular process that has a dramatic impact on the functionality of glycoconjugates such as proteins or lipids and mediates many different biological interactions including cell migration, cellular signaling, and synaptic interactions in the nervous system. In spinal cord injury (SCI), all of these cellular processes are altered, but the potential contributions of glycosylation changes to these alterations has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the glycosylation of injured spinal cord tissue from rats that received a contusion SCI. The N- and O-linked glycosylation was assessed at 3 and 14 days post-injury (DPI), and compared with uninjured control and time-matched sham spinal tissue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) were performed to analyze carbohydrate structures. Results revealed diverse and abundant glycosylation in all groups, with some carbohydrate structures differentially produced in SCI animals compared with uninjured controls and shams. One such change occurred in the abundance of the Sda structure, Neu5Ac-α-(2,3)-[GalNAc-β-(1,4)-]Gal-β-(1,4)-GlcNAc, which was increased in SCI samples compared with shams and non-injured controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were performed on SCI and sham samples using the CT1 antibody, which recognizes the terminal trisaccharide of Sda with high specificity. Both of these metrics confirmed elevated Sda structure in SCI tissue, where IHC further showed that Sda is expressed mainly by microglia. The results of these studies suggest that SCI causes a significant alteration in N- and O-linked glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupu Osimanjiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Brenda D Houck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Mai Ito
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared S Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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18
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Pucci M, Gomes Ferreira I, Orlandani M, Malagolini N, Ferracin M, Dall’Olio F. High Expression of the Sd a Synthase B4GALNT2 Associates with Good Prognosis and Attenuates Stemness in Colon Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040948. [PMID: 32290493 PMCID: PMC7226961 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbohydrate antigen Sda and its biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are highly expressed in normal colonic mucosa but are down-regulated to a variable degree in colon cancer tissues. Here, we investigated the clinical and biological importance of B4GALNT2 in colon cancer. METHODS Correlations of B4GALNT2 mRNA with clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database; the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes induced by B4GALNT2 were studied in LS174T cells transfected with B4GALNT2 cDNA. RESULTS TCGA data indicate that patients with high B4GALNT2 expression in cancer tissues display longer survival than non-expressers. In LS174T cells, expression of B4GALNT2 did not affect the ability to heal a scratch wound or to form colonies in standard growth conditions but markedly reduced the growth in soft agar, the tridimensional (3D) growth as spheroids, and the number of cancer stem cells, indicating a specific effect of B4GALNT2 on the growth in poor adherence and stemness. On the transcriptome, B4GALNT2 induced the down-regulation of the stemness-associated gene SOX2 and modulated gene expression towards an attenuation of the cancer phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The level of B4GALNT2 can be proposed as a marker to identify higher- and lower-risk colorectal cancer patients.
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19
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Wong HH, Fung K, Nicholls JM. MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells disclose a α2,3-sialic acid requirement for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 A/California/04/2009 and NA aid entry of A/WSN/33. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1428-1437. [PMID: 31560252 PMCID: PMC6781475 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1665971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Switching of receptor binding preference has been widely considered as one of the necessary mutations for avian influenza viruses, enabling efficient transmissions between human hosts. By stably overexpressing B4GalNT2 gene in MDCK cells, surface α2,3-siallylactose receptors were modified without affecting α2,6-receptor expression. The cell line MDCK-B4GalNT2 was used as a tool to screen for α2,3-receptor requirements in a panel of influenza viruses with previously characterized glycan array data. Infection of viruses with α2,3-receptor binding capability was inhibited in MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells, with the exception of A/WSN/33 (WSN). Infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strains, A/California/04/2009 (Cal04) and A/Hong Kong/415742/2009 (HK09), despite showing α2,6-receptor binding, was also found to be inhibited. Further investigation showed that viral inhibition was due to a reduction in viral entry rate and viral attachment. Recombinant WSN virus with the neuraminidase (NA) gene swapped to A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) and Cal04 resulted in a significant viral inhibition in MDCK-B4GalNT2 cells. With oseltamivir, the NA active site was found to be important for the replication results of WSN, but not Cal04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Him Wong
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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20
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Ferreira IG, Carrascal M, Mineiro AG, Bugalho A, Borralho P, Silva Z, Dall'olio F, Videira PA. Carcinoembryonic antigen is a sialyl Lewis x/a carrier and an E‑selectin ligand in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1033-1048. [PMID: 31793656 PMCID: PMC6776192 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of distant metastasis resulting from vascular dissemination is one of the leading causes of mortality in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This metastatic dissemination initiates with the adhesion of circulating cancer cells to the endothelium. The minimal requirement for the binding of leukocytes to endothelial E-selectins and subsequent transmigration is the epitope of the fucosylated glycan, sialyl Lewis x (sLex), attached to specific cell surface glycoproteins. sLex and its isomer sialyl Lewis a (sLea) have been described in NSCLC, but their functional role in cancer cell adhesion to endothelium is still poorly understood. In this study, it was hypothesised that, similarly to leukocytes, sLe glycans play a role in NSCLC cell adhesion to E-selectins. To assess this, paired tumour and normal lung tissue samples from 18 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Immunoblotting and immunohisto-chemistry assays demonstrated that tumour tissues exhibited significantly stronger reactivity with anti-sLex/sLea antibody and E-selectin chimera than normal tissues (2.2- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively), as well as a higher immunoreactive score. High sLex/sLea expression was associated with bone metastasis. The overall α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FUT) activity was increased in tumour tissues, along with the mRNA levels of FUT3, FUT6 and FUT7, whereas FUT4 mRNA expression was decreased. The expression of E-selectin ligands exhibited a weak but significant correlation with the FUT3/FUT4 and FUT7/FUT4 ratios. Additionally, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified in only 8 of the 18 tumour tissues; CEA-positive tissues exhibited significantly increased sLex/sLea expression. Tumour tissue areas expressing CEA also expressed sLex/sLea and showed reactivity to E-selectin. Blot rolling assays further demonstrated that CEA immunoprecipitates exhibited sustained adhesive interactions with E-selectin-expressing cells, suggesting CEA acts as a functional protein scaffold for E-selectin ligands in NSCLC. In conclusion, this work provides the first demonstration that sLex/sLea are increased in primary NSCLC due to increased α1,3-FUT activity. sLex/sLea is carried by CEA and confers the ability for NSCLC cells to bind E-selectins, and is potentially associated with bone metastasis. This study contributes to identifying potential future diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Gomes Ferreira
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna I‑40126, Italy
| | - Mylène Carrascal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1150‑082, Portugal
| | - A Gonçalo Mineiro
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829‑516, Portugal
| | - António Bugalho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1150‑082, Portugal
| | - Paula Borralho
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1649‑028, Portugal
| | - Zélia Silva
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829‑516, Portugal
| | - Fabio Dall'olio
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna I‑40126, Italy
| | - Paula A Videira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1150‑082, Portugal
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Biwi J, Clarisse C, Biot C, Kozak RP, Madunic K, Mortuaire M, Wuhrer M, Spencer DIR, Schulz C, Guerardel Y, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E-cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800452. [PMID: 31373757 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects both women and men living in societies with a high sedentary lifestyle. Amongst the phenotypic changes exhibited by tumor cells, a wide range of glycosylation has been reported for colon cancer-derived cell lines and CRC tissues. These aberrant modifications affect different aspects of glycosylation, including an increase in core fucosylation and GlcNAc branching on N-glycans, alteration of O-glycans, upregulated sialylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Although O-GlcNAcylation and complex glycosylations differ in many aspects, sparse evidences report on the interference of O-GlcNAcylation with complex glycosylation. Nevertheless, this relationship is still a matter of debate. Combining different approaches on three human colon cell lines (HT29, HCT116 and CCD841CoN), it is herein reported that silencing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the sole enzyme driving O-GlcNAcylation), only slightly affects overall N- and O-glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, silencing of OGT in HT29 cells upregulates E-cadherin (a major actor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and changes its glycosylation. On the other hand, OGT silencing perturbs biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids resulting in a decrease in gangliosides and an increase in globosides. Together, these results provide novel insights regarding the selective regulation of complex glycosylations by O-GlcNAcylation in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Biwi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Clarisse
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Radoslaw Pawel Kozak
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3EB, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Madunic
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
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Holst S, Wilding JL, Koprowska K, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. N-Glycomic and Transcriptomic Changes Associated with CDX1 mRNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030273. [PMID: 30909444 PMCID: PMC6468459 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The caudal-related homeobox protein 1 (CDX1) is a transcription factor, which is important in the development, differentiation, and homeostasis of the gut. Although the involvement of CDX genes in the regulation of the expression levels of a few glycosyltransferases has been shown, associations between glycosylation phenotypes and CDX1 mRNA expression have hitherto not been well studied. Triggered by our previous study, we here characterized the N-glycomic phenotype of 16 colon cancer cell lines, selected for their differential CDX1 mRNA expression levels. We found that high CDX1 mRNA expression associated with a higher degree of multi-fucosylation on N-glycans, which is in line with our previous results and was supported by up-regulated gene expression of fucosyltransferases involved in antenna fucosylation. Interestingly, hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF)4A and HNF1A were, among others, positively associated with high CDX1 mRNA expression and have been previously proven to regulate antenna fucosylation. Besides fucosylation, we found that high CDX1 mRNA expression in cancer cell lines also associated with low levels of sialylation and galactosylation and high levels of bisection on N-glycans. Altogether, our data highlight a possible role of CDX1 in altering the N-glycosylation of colorectal cancer cells, which is a hallmark of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer L Wilding
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Kamila Koprowska
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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23
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Tesena P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Taylor J, Angkanaporn K, Wongtawan T. Searching for serum protein markers of equine squamous gastric disease using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:581-586. [PMID: 30636330 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is a very common disorder but an accurate and practical screening technique for detecting ESGD is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify serum protein markers to detect ESGD using electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. STUDY DESIGN Proteomic analysis and bioinformatics. METHODS ESGD was diagnosed using gastroscopy in 30 horses. Gastric ulceration was categorised into three groups: normal, mild/moderate and severe ESGD. Pooled sera from each group were compared using 1D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The candidate proteins for ESGD markers were selected based on their specifically high expression in nonglandular stomach, and their association with gastric ulceration using public gene and protein databases. RESULTS The prevalence of ESGD in this study was 43% (with mild/moderate ESGD at 33% and severe ESGD at 10%). The proteomic study revealed that the identified serum protein markers for normal equine stomach were B4GALNT2 and XDH. The marker for mild/moderate EGSD was KRT10, while the marker for severe ESGD was KLK13. Furthermore, markers for both ulcer types were SLC4A7, PPARG, FCGBP, PKP1, ASPRV1 and KRT5-like proteins. MAIN LIMITATIONS The functions of the identified proteins are not well characterised in horse. Proteomics is a tool for screening protein markers, but confirmation of putative protein markers with specific antibodies is required. CONCLUSIONS In total, 10 serum proteins found in this study may be used as putative markers for ESGD. However, confirmation of candidate proteins with specific antibodies in a larger study cohort is necessary before it can be used in the veterinary clinic or on horse farms. The Summary is available in Portuguese - see Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tesena
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Y Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - S Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - J Taylor
- Biomedical Teaching Organisation, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Wongtawan
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science and Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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24
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Groux-Degroote S, Schulz C, Cogez V, Noël M, Portier L, Vicogne D, Solorzano C, Dall'Olio F, Steenackers A, Mortuaire M, Gonzalez-Pisfil M, Henry M, Foulquier F, Héliot L, Harduin-Lepers A. The extended cytoplasmic tail of the human B4GALNT2 is critical for its Golgi targeting and post-Golgi sorting. FEBS J 2018; 285:3442-3463. [PMID: 30067891 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Sda /Cad antigen reported on glycoconjugates of human tissues has an increasingly recognized wide impact on the physio-pathology of different biological systems. The last step of its biosynthesis relies on the enzymatic activity of the β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-II (B4GALNT2), which shows the highest expression level in healthy colon. Previous studies reported the occurrence in human colonic cells of two B4GALNT2 protein isoforms that differ in the length of their cytoplasmic tail, the long isoform showing an extended 66-amino acid tail. We examined here, the subcellular distribution of the two B4GALNT2 protein isoforms in stably transfected colonic LS174T cells and in transiently transfected HeLa cells using fluorescence microscopy. While a similar subcellular distribution at the trans-Golgi cisternae level was observed for the two isoforms, our study pointed to an atypical subcellular localization of the long B4GALNT2 isoform into dynamic vesicles. We demonstrated a critical role of its extended cytoplasmic tail for its Golgi targeting and post-Golgi sorting and highlighted the existence of a newly described post-Golgi sorting signal as well as a previously undescribed fate of a Golgi glycosyltransferase. DATABASE The proteins β1,4GalNAcT II, β1,4-GalT1, FucT I, FucT VI and ST3Gal IV are noted B4GALNT2, B4GALT1, FUT1, FUT6 and ST3GAL4, whereas the corresponding human genes are noted B4GALNT2, B4GALT1, FUT1, FUT6 and ST3GAL4 according to the HUGO nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, Molécules, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Maxence Noël
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Portier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Carlos Solorzano
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Agata Steenackers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Mariano Gonzalez-Pisfil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, Molécules, Lille, France
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, Molécules, Lille, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Héliot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, Molécules, Lille, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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25
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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26
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Byrne G, Ahmad-Villiers S, Du Z, McGregor C. B4GALNT2 and xenotransplantation: A newly appreciated xenogeneic antigen. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12394. [PMID: 29604134 PMCID: PMC6158069 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of non‐Gal antibody induced after pig‐to‐baboon cardiac xenotransplantation identified the glycan produced by porcine beta‐1,4‐N‐acetyl‐galactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) as an immunogenic xenotransplantation antigen. The porcine B4GALNT2 enzyme is homologous to the human enzyme, which synthesizes the human SDa blood group antigen. Most humans produce low levels of anti‐SDa IgM which polyagglutinates red blood cells from rare individuals with high levels of SDa expression. The SDa glycan is also present on GM2 gangliosides. Clinical GM2 vaccination studies for melanoma patients suggest that a human antibody response to SDa can be induced. Expression of porcine B4GALNT2 in human HEK293 cells results in increased binding of anti‐SDa antibody and increased binding of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), a lectin commonly used to detect SDa. In pigs, B4GALNT2 is expressed by vascular endothelial cells and endothelial cells from a wide variety of pig backgrounds stain with DBA, suggesting that porcine vascular expression of B4GALNT2 is not polymorphic. Mutations in B4GALNT2 have been engineered in mice and pigs. In both species, the B4GALNT2‐KO animals are apparently normal and no longer show evidence of SDa antigen expression. Pig tissues with a mutation in B4GALNT2, added to a background of alpha‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase deficient (GGTA1‐KO) and cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase deficient (CMAH‐KO), show reduced antibody binding, confirming the presence of B4GALNT2‐dependent antibodies in both humans and non‐human primates. Preclinical xenotransplantation using B4GALNT2‐deficient donors has recently been reported. Elimination of this source of immunogenic pig antigen should minimize acute injury by preformed anti‐pig antibody and eliminate an induced clinical immune response to this newly appreciated xenotransplantation antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerard Byrne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Zeji Du
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher McGregor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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27
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Zhao C, Cooper DKC, Dai Y, Hara H, Cai Z, Mou L. The Sda and Cad glycan antigens and their glycosyltransferase, β1,4GalNAcT-II, in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12386. [PMID: 29430727 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection is a barrier to the clinical application of xenotransplantation, and xenoantigens play an important role in this process. Early research suggested that N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) could serve as a potential xenoantigen. GalNAc is the immunodominant glycan of the Sda antigen. Recently, knockout of β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (β1,4GalNAcT-II) from the pig results in a decrease in binding of human serum antibodies to pig cells. It is believed that this is the result of the elimination of the GalNAc on the Sda antigen, which is catalyzed by the enzyme, β1,4GalNAcT-II. However, research into human blood group antigens suggests that only a small percentage (1%-2%) of people express anti-Sda antibodies directed to Sda antigen, and yet a majority appear to have antibodies directed to the products of pig B4GALNT2. Questions can therefore be asked as to (i) whether the comprehensive structure of the Sda antigen in humans, that is, the underlying sugar structure, is identical to the Sda antigen in pigs, (ii) whether the human anti-Sda antibody binds ubiquitously to pig cells, but not to human cells, and (iii) what role the Sda++ (also called Cad) antigen is playing in this discrepancy. We review what is known about these antigens and discuss the discrepancies that have been noted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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28
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Tsubokawa D, Ishiwata K, Goso Y, Nakamura T, Hatta T, Ishihara K, Kanuka H, Tsuji N. Interleukin-13/interleukin-4 receptor pathway is crucial for production of Sd a-sialomucin in mouse small intestinal mucosa by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:731-734. [PMID: 28802865 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucin is a major component of mucus in gastrointestinal mucosa. Increase of specific sialomucins having Sda blood group antigen, NeuAcα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-, is considered to be associated with expulsion of the parasitic intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this study, we examined the relationship between interleukin (IL)-13 pathway and expression of Sda-sialomucins in small intestinal mucosa with N. brasiliensis infection. Nematode infection induced marked increases in small intestinal mucins that reacted with anti-Sda antibody in wild type (wt) mice. However, this increase due to infection was supressed in IL-4 receptor α deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice, which lack both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via IL-4R, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which have defects in B- and T-lymphocytes. Analysis using tandem mass spectroscopy showed that Sda-glycans were not expressed in small intestinal mucins in IL-4Rα-/- and SCID mice after infection despite the appearance of Sda-glycans in the infected wt mice. Inoculation of recombinant IL-13 into the infected SCID mice restored expression of Sda-glycan. Our results suggest that the IL-13/IL-4R axis is important for the production of Sda-sialomucins in the host intestinal mucosa with parasitic nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishiwata
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences, 500 Kurotsuchishinden Minamiuonuma, Niigata 949-7241, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
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29
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Lu R, Bosland M, Xia Y, Zhang YG, Kato I, Sun J. Presence of Salmonella AvrA in colorectal tumor and its precursor lesions in mouse intestine and human specimens. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55104-55115. [PMID: 28903406 PMCID: PMC5589645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence directly supporting an association between Salmonella infection and colorectal cancer in human subjects is sparse. It has been well recognized that Salmonella infection increases the risk of gallbladder cancer. AvrA, a bacterial protein from Salmonella enterica, plays a crucial role in establishing chronic infection. To our knowledge, the presence of the bacterial AvrA has never been studied in human samples. Here, we demonstrated the presence and cellular localization of AvrA in inflamed, colorectal tumor and its precursor lesions, using both animal experimental infection models and human clinical specimens. We performed a newly developed AvrA serological assay and to determine the presence of anti-Salmonella AvrA antibody in chronic infected mouse serum samples. Further, we tested the presence of AvrA gene in healthy human fecal samples, in order to advance etiological studies of Salmonella AvrA in human population. Our study suggests a potential role of this bacterial protein in human colorectal cancer. Moreover, our new serological assay may serve a useful tool to identify individuals at increased risk for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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30
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Epigenetic Bases of Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050998. [PMID: 28481247 PMCID: PMC5454911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the sugar portions of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans constitute the glycome, and the genes involved in their biosynthesis, degradation, transport and recognition are referred to as “glycogenes“. The extreme complexity of the glycome requires the regulatory layer to be provided by the epigenetic mechanisms. Almost all types of cancers present glycosylation aberrations, giving rise to phenotypic changes and to the expression of tumor markers. In this review, we discuss how cancer-associated alterations of promoter methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and miRNAs determine glycomic changes associated with the malignant phenotype. Usually, increased promoter methylation and miRNA expression induce glycogene silencing. However, treatment with demethylating agents sometimes results in silencing, rather than in a reactivation of glycogenes, suggesting the involvement of distant methylation-dependent regulatory elements. From a therapeutic perspective aimed at the normalization of the malignant glycome, it appears that miRNA targeting of cancer-deranged glycogenes can be a more specific and promising approach than the use of drugs, which broad target methylation/acetylation. A very specific type of glycosylation, the addition of GlcNAc to serine or threonine (O-GlcNAc), is not only regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, but is an epigenetic modifier of histones and transcription factors. Thus, glycosylation is both under the control of epigenetic mechanisms and is an integral part of the epigenetic code.
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31
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Selectin Ligands Sialyl-Lewis a and Sialyl-Lewis x in Gastrointestinal Cancers. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010016. [PMID: 28241499 PMCID: PMC5372009 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tetrasaccharide structures Siaα2,3Galβ1,3(Fucα1,4)GlcNAc and Siaα2,3Galβ1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAc constitute the epitopes of the carbohydrate antigens sialyl-Lewis a (sLea) and sialyl-Lewis x (sLex), respectively, and are the minimal requirement for selectin binding to their counter-receptors. Interaction of sLex expressed on the cell surface of leucocytes with E-selectin on endothelial cells allows their arrest and promotes their extravasation. Similarly, the rolling of cancer cells ectopically expressing the selectin ligands on endothelial cells is potentially a crucial step favoring the metastatic process. In this review, we focus on the biosynthetic steps giving rise to selectin ligand expression in cell lines and native tissues of gastrointestinal origin, trying to understand whether and how they are deregulated in cancer. We also discuss the use of such molecules in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, particularly in light of recent data questioning the ability of colon cancers to express sLea and the possible use of circulating sLex in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Finally, we reviewed the data dealing with the mechanisms that link selectin ligand expression in gastrointestinal cells to cancer malignancy. This promising research field seems to require additional data on native patient tissues to reach more definitive conclusions.
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32
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Protein glycosylation in gastric and colorectal cancers: Toward cancer detection and targeted therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2017; 387:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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TNF up-regulates ST3GAL4 and sialyl-Lewisx expression in lung epithelial cells through an intronic ATF2-responsive element. Biochem J 2016; 474:65-78. [PMID: 27821620 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced the up-regulation of the sialyltransferase gene ST3GAL4 (α2,3-sialyltransferase gene) BX transcript through mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1/2 (MSK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This up-regulation resulted in sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) overexpression on high-molecular-weight glycoproteins in inflamed airway epithelium and increased the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and PAK strains to lung epithelial cells. In the present study, we describe a TNF-responsive element in an intronic region of the ST3GAL4 gene, whose TNF-dependent activity is repressed by ERK/p38 and MSK1/2 inhibitors. This TNF-responsive element contains potential binding sites for ETS1 and ATF2 transcription factors related to TNF signaling. We also show that ATF2 is involved in TNF responsiveness, as well as in TNF-induced ST3GAL4 BX transcript and sLex overexpression in A549 lung epithelial cells. Moreover, we show that TNF induces the binding of ATF2 to the TNF-responsive element. Altogether, these data suggest that ATF2 could be a potential target to prevent inflammation-induced P. aeruginosa binding in the lung of patients suffering from lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis or cystic fibrosis.
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Holst S, Deuss AJM, van Pelt GW, van Vliet SJ, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Koeleman CAM, Deelder AM, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RA, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. N-glycosylation Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Reveals Association of Fucosylation with Differentiation and Caudal Type Homebox 1 (CDX1)/Villin mRNA Expression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:124-40. [PMID: 26537799 PMCID: PMC4762531 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with alterations in protein glycosylation. CRC cell lines are frequently used to study these (glyco)biological changes and their mechanisms. However, differences between CRC cell lines with regard to their glycosylation have hitherto been largely neglected. Here, we comprehensively characterized the N-glycan profiles of 25 different CRC cell lines, derived from primary tumors and metastatic sites, in order to investigate their potential as glycobiological tumor model systems and to reveal glycans associated with cell line phenotypes. We applied an optimized, high-throughput membrane-based enzymatic glycan release for small sample amounts. Released glycans were derivatized to stabilize and differentiate between α2,3- and α2,6-linked N-acetylneuraminic acids, followed by N-glycosylation analysis by MALDI-TOF(/TOF)-MS. Our results showed pronounced differences between the N-glycosylation patterns of CRC cell lines. CRC cell line profiles differed from tissue-derived N-glycan profiles with regard to their high-mannose N-glycan content but showed a large overlap for complex type N-glycans, supporting their use as a glycobiological cancer model system. Importantly, we could show that the high-mannose N-glycans did not only occur as intracellular precursors but were also present at the cell surface. The obtained CRC cell line N-glycan features were not clearly correlated with mRNA expression levels of glycosyltransferases, demonstrating the usefulness of performing the structural analysis of glycans. Finally, correlation of CRC cell line glycosylation features with cancer cell markers and phenotypes revealed an association between highly fucosylated glycans and CDX1 and/or villin mRNA expression that both correlate with cell differentiation. Together, our findings provide new insights into CRC-associated glycan changes and setting the basis for more in-depth experiments on glycan function and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoann Rombouts
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, ¶Department of RheumatologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; ‡‡Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59 000 Lille, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- From the ‡Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, ‖Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology and **Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Mihalache A, Delplanque JF, Ringot-Destrez B, Wavelet C, Gosset P, Nunes B, Groux-Degroote S, Léonard R, Robbe-Masselot C. Structural Characterization of Mucin O-Glycosylation May Provide Important Information to Help Prevent Colorectal Tumor Recurrence. Front Oncol 2015; 5:217. [PMID: 26500890 PMCID: PMC4597131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer is a preventable and curable disease if early stage tumors are removed, it still represents the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment but once operated the patient is either subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy or not, depending on the invasiveness of the cancer and risks of recurrence. In this context, we investigated, by mass spectrometry (MS), alterations in the repertoire of glycosylation of mucins from colorectal tumors of various stages, grades, and recurrence status. Tumors were also compared with their counterparts in resection margins from the same patients and with healthy controls. The obtained data showed an important decrease in the level of expression of sialylated core 3-based O-glycans in tumors correlated with an increase in sialylated core 1 structures. No correlation was established between stages of the tumor samples and mucin O-glycosylation. However, with the notable exception of sialyl Tn antigens, tumors with recurrence presented a milder alteration of glycosylation profile than tumors without recurrence. These results suggest that mucin O-glycans from tumors with recurrence might mimic a healthier physiological situation, hence deceiving the immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mihalache
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Jean-François Delplanque
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Bélinda Ringot-Destrez
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Cindy Wavelet
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Bertrand Nunes
- Service Chirurgie Digestive, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Hôpital Saint Philibert, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Renaud Léonard
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
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Chugh S, Gnanapragassam VS, Jain M, Rachagani S, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Pathobiological implications of mucin glycans in cancer: Sweet poison and novel targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:211-25. [PMID: 26318196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are large glycoproteins expressed on the epithelia that provide a protective barrier against harsh insults from toxins and pathogenic microbes. These glycoproteins are classified primarily as being secreted and membrane-bound; both forms are involved in pathophysiological functions including inflammation and cancer. The high molecular weight of mucins is attributed to their large polypeptide backbone that is extensively covered by glycan moieties that modulate the function of mucins and, hence, play an important role in physiological functions. Deregulation of glycosylation machinery during malignant transformation results in altered mucin glycosylation. This review describes the functional implications and pathobiological significance of altered mucin glycosylation in cancer. Further, this review delineates various factors such as glycosyltransferases and tumor microenvironment that contribute to dysregulation of mucin glycosylation during cancer. Finally, this review discusses the scope of mucin glycan epitopes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Vinayaga S Gnanapragassam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Magalhães A, Marcos-Pinto R, Nairn AV, Dela Rosa M, Ferreira RM, Junqueira-Neto S, Freitas D, Gomes J, Oliveira P, Santos MR, Marcos NT, Xiaogang W, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Carneiro F, Moremen KW, David L, Reis CA. Helicobacter pylori chronic infection and mucosal inflammation switches the human gastric glycosylation pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1928-39. [PMID: 26144047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori exploits host glycoconjugates to colonize the gastric niche. Infection can persist for decades promoting chronic inflammation, and in a subset of individuals lesions can silently progress to cancer. This study shows that H. pylori chronic infection and gastric tissue inflammation result in a remodeling of the gastric glycophenotype with increased expression of sialyl-Lewis a/x antigens due to transcriptional up-regulation of the B3GNT5, B3GALT5, and FUT3 genes. We observed that H. pylori infected individuals present a marked gastric local pro-inflammatory signature with significantly higher TNF-α levels and demonstrated that TNF-induced activation of the NF-kappaB pathway results in B3GNT5 transcriptional up-regulation. Furthermore, we show that this gastric glycosylation shift, characterized by increased sialylation patterns, favors SabA-mediated H. pylori attachment to human inflamed gastric mucosa. This study provides novel clinically relevant insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying H. pylori modulation of host glycosylation machinery, and phenotypic alterations crucial for life-long infection. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways here identified as responsible for gastric mucosa increased sialylation, in response to H. pylori infection, can be exploited as drug targets for hindering bacteria adhesion and counteract the infection chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Magalhães
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos-Pinto
- Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Gastroenterology Department, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mitche Dela Rosa
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Susana Junqueira-Neto
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Daniela Freitas
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Joana Gomes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Marta R Santos
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal
| | - Nuno T Marcos
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Section of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wen Xiaogang
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal; Gastroenterology Department, IPO Porto, Portugal; CIDES/CINTESIS, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leonor David
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Rausch P, Steck N, Suwandi A, Seidel JA, Künzel S, Bhullar K, Basic M, Bleich A, Johnsen JM, Vallance BA, Baines JF, Grassl GA. Expression of the Blood-Group-Related Gene B4galnt2 Alters Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005008. [PMID: 26133982 PMCID: PMC4489644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in host-microbe interactions. Tissue-specific expression patterns of the blood group glycosyltransferase β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4galnt2) are variable in wild mouse populations, and loss of B4galnt2 expression is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. We hypothesized that variation in B4galnt2 expression alters susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. To test this, we challenged mice genetically engineered to express different B4galnt2 tissue-specific patterns with a Salmonella Typhimurium infection model. We found B4galnt2 intestinal expression was strongly associated with bacterial community composition and increased Salmonella susceptibility as evidenced by increased intestinal inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating immune cells. Fecal transfer experiments demonstrated a crucial role of the B4galnt2-dependent microbiota in conferring susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, while epithelial B4galnt2 expression facilitated epithelial invasion of S. Typhimurium. These data support a critical role for B4galnt2 in gastrointestinal infections. We speculate that B4galnt2-specific differences in host susceptibility to intestinal pathogens underlie the strong signatures of balancing selection observed at the B4galnt2 locus in wild mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rausch
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Models of Inflammation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janice A. Seidel
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Kirandeep Bhullar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jill M. Johnsen
- Research Institute, Puget Sound Blood Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John F. Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Models of Inflammation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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Therapeutic adenoviral gene transfer of a glycosyltransferase for prevention of peritoneal dissemination and metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:427-33. [PMID: 25213663 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of sialyl Lewis(x/a) carbohydrates, ligands for E-selectin, correlates with clinically advanced stages and metastasis of gastric and colon cancers. In contrast, Sd(a) carbohydrate is abundantly detected in the normal gastrointestinal mucosa but dramatically reduced or lost in cancer tissues. A glycosyltransferase, β1,4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) that catalyzes Sd(a) carbohydrate synthesis, is silenced in cancer. In the present study, we aimed at reducing the expression of sialyl Lewis(x/a) of cancer cells in vivo by forced expression of B4GALNT2 and Sd(a), thereby preventing dissemination/metastasis, especially metastasis triggered by surgical maneuvers. We used a fiber-modified adenovirus (Ad) vector that contained a chimeric construct with a serotype 5 shaft and a serotype 3 knob. Using this Ad5/3 vector, we successfully introduced the B4GALNT2 gene into a human gastric cancer cell line KATO III in vitro and confirmed replacement of sialyl Lewis(x) to Sd(a) with a decrease in E-selectin-dependent adhesion. Administration of Ad5/3-B4GALNT2 vectors into the peritoneal cavity of mice after inoculation of KATO III cells with laparotomy significantly reduced the incidence of metastasis. Our results indicate that the transfer of a single gene encoding B4GALNT2 modified carbohydrate chains of cancer cells in vivo and decreased tumor dissemination and metastasis.
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