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Huan S, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Hippocampal proteins discovery of Panax quinquefolius and Acorus gramineus ameliorating cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1759-1773. [PMID: 37306736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early diagnosis of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) and investigation of effective medicines are significant to prevent or delay the occurrence of irreversible dementia. OBJECTIVES In this study, proteomics was applied to investigate the changes of hippocampal proteins after administration of Panax quinquefolius-Acorus gramineus (PQ-AG) to DCI rats, with a view to discover the differentially expressed proteins of PQ-AG action and elucidated the potential biological relationships. METHODS The model and PQ-AG group rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, and the PQ-AG group rats were continuously administered with PQ-AG. Social interaction and Morris water maze were performed to evaluate the behavior of rats on the 17th week after the model was established, and DCI rats were screened out from the model group by a screening approach. The hippocampal protein differences were investigated with proteomics in DCI and PQ-AG-treated rats. RESULTS The learning and memory abilities and contact duration of DCI rats were improved after 16 weeks of PQ-AG administration. Altogether, 9 and 17 differentially expressed proteins were observed in control versus DCI rats and in DCI versus PQ-AG-treated rats, respectively. Three proteins were confirmed with western blotting analyses. These proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of JAK-STAT, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, fork-head box protein O3, fructose, and mannose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This suggested that PQ-AG ameliorated cognitive impairment of diabetic rats by influencing the above pathways and providing an experimental basis for the mechanism of DCI and PQ-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huan
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Xiu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
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Yang DJ, Tran LT, Yoon SG, Seong JK, Shin DM, Choi YH, Kim KW. Primary cilia regulate adaptive responses to fasting. Metabolism 2022; 135:155273. [PMID: 35926636 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal primary cilia are known to be a required organelle for energy balance and leptin action. However, whether primary cilia directly mediate adaptive responses during starvation is yet unknown. Therefore, we investigated the counterregulatory roles of primary cilia, and their related leptin action in energy-depleted condition. METHOD We generated leptin receptor (LepR) neuron-specific primary cilia knockout (Ift88 KOLepR) mice. Leptin-mediated electrophysiological properties of the neurons in fasting condition were assessed using patch-clamp technique. Adaptive responses and neuroendocrine reflexes were measured by monitoring counterregulatory hormones. RESULTS In fasting state, the leptin-induced neuronal excitability and leptin homeostasis were impaired in Ift88 KOLepR. In addition, the Ift88 KOLepR exhibited aberrant fasting responses including lesser body weight loss, decreased energy expenditure, and lower heat generation compared to wild-type littermates. Furthermore, the primary cilia in LepR neurons are necessary for counterregulatory responses and leptin-mediated neuroendocrine adaptation to starvation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the neuronal primary cilia are crucial neuronal components mediating the adaptive counterregulatory responses to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Trung Tran
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Biological Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Fan S, Xu Y, Lu Y, Jiang Z, Li H, Morrill JC, Cai J, Wu Q, Xu Y, Xue M, Arenkiel BR, Huang C, Tong Q. A neural basis for brain leptin action on reducing type 1 diabetic hyperglycemia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2662. [PMID: 33976218 PMCID: PMC8113586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central leptin action rescues type 1 diabetic (T1D) hyperglycemia; however, the underlying mechanism and the identity of mediating neurons remain elusive. Here, we show that leptin receptor (LepR)-expressing neurons in arcuate (LepRArc) are selectively activated in T1D. Activation of LepRArc neurons, Arc GABAergic (GABAArc) neurons, or arcuate AgRP neurons, is able to reverse the leptin's rescuing effect. Conversely, inhibition of GABAArc neurons, but not AgRP neurons, produces leptin-mimicking rescuing effects. Further, AgRP neuron function is not required for T1D hyperglycemia or leptin's rescuing effects. Finally, T1D LepRArc neurons show defective nutrient sensing and signs of cellular energy deprivation, which are both restored by leptin, whereas nutrient deprivation reverses the leptin action. Our results identify aberrant activation of LepRArc neurons owing to energy deprivation as the neural basis for T1D hyperglycemia and that leptin action is mediated by inhibiting LepRArc neurons through reversing energy deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Xu
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yungang Lu
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiying Jiang
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessie C Morrill
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center & UT Health Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Cai
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center & UT Health Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center & UT Health Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy of McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Meek TH, Matsen ME, Faber CL, Samstag CL, Damian V, Nguyen HT, Scarlett JM, Flak JN, Myers MG, Morton GJ. In Uncontrolled Diabetes, Hyperglucagonemia and Ketosis Result From Deficient Leptin Action in the Parabrachial Nucleus. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1585-1594. [PMID: 29438473 PMCID: PMC5939636 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates neurons that project from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) in a neurocircuit that drives counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, including increased glucagon secretion. Among LPBN neurons in this circuit is a subset that expresses cholecystokinin (LPBNCCK neurons) and is tonically inhibited by leptin. Because uncontrolled diabetes is associated with both leptin deficiency and hyperglucagonemia, and because intracerebroventricular (ICV) leptin administration reverses both hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia in this setting, we hypothesized that deficient leptin inhibition of LPBNCCK neurons drives activation of this LPBN→VMN circuit and thereby results in hyperglucagonemia. Here, we report that although bilateral microinjection of leptin into the LPBN does not ameliorate hyperglycemia in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM), it does attenuate the associated hyperglucagonemia and ketosis. To determine if LPBN leptin signaling is required for the antidiabetic effect of ICV leptin in STZ-DM, we studied mice in which the leptin receptor was selectively deleted from LPBNCCK neurons. Our findings show that although leptin signaling in these neurons is not required for the potent antidiabetic effect of ICV leptin, it is required for leptin-mediated suppression of diabetic hyperglucagonemia. Taken together, these findings suggest that leptin-mediated effects in animals with uncontrolled diabetes occur through actions involving multiple brain areas, including the LPBN, where leptin acts specifically to inhibit glucagon secretion and associated ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Meek
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miles E Matsen
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colby L Samstag
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vincent Damian
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hong T Nguyen
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan N Flak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory J Morton
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bravo C, Cataldo LR, Galgani J, Parada J, Santos JL. Leptin/Adiponectin Ratios Using Either Total Or High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin as Biomarkers of Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Normoglycemic Women. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9031079. [PMID: 28626772 PMCID: PMC5463152 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity indexes. High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) was proposed as the most biologically active form of this insulin-sensitizing adipokine. There are no studies assessing the relative merits of leptin/HMWA ratio over LAR as a biomarker of systemic insulin sensitivity. A standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g of glucose) and a short minimal-model intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; 0.3 g/kg body weight) were performed in 58 Chilean normoglycemic women (age: 27 ± 6.3 years, BMI 23.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2). LAR was negatively associated with HOMA-S (r = -0.49; p < 0.0001), Matsuda-ISICOMP (r = -0.54; p < 0.0001), and the calculated sensitivity index (CSi) derived from IVGTT (r = -0.38; p = 0.007). In comparison to LAR, leptin/HMWA ratio did not increase neither the linear fit (r2) nor the magnitude of association with insulin sensitivity indexes (slope of multiple linear regression). The discriminatory capacity of both ratios to classify insulin-resistant versus insulin-sensitive subjects was similar for HOMA-S (p = 0.84), Matsuda-ISICOMP (p = 0.43), or CSi (p = 0.50). In conclusion, LAR showed consistent negative associations with different systemic insulin sensitivity indexes. The use of HMWA to generate leptin/HMWA ratio did not show any advantage over LAR as a biomarker of systemic insulin sensitivity in normoglycemic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bravo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Parada
- School of Food Engineering, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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