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Taler-Verčič A, Goličnik M, Bavec A. The Structure and Function of Paraoxonase-1 and Its Comparison to Paraoxonase-2 and -3. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245980. [PMID: 33348669 PMCID: PMC7766523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the most studied member of the group of paraoxonases (PONs). This enzyme possesses three enzymatic activities: lactonase, arylesterase, and paraoxonase activity. PON1 and its isoforms play an important role in drug metabolism as well as in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Although all three members of the PON family have the same origin and very similar amino acid sequences, they have different functions and are found in different locations. PONs exhibit substrate promiscuity, and their true physiological substrates are still not known. However, possible substrates include homocysteine thiolactone, an analogue of natural quorum-sensing molecules, and the recently discovered derivatives of arachidonic acid—bioactive δ-lactones. Directed evolution, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic studies provide comprehensive insights into the active site and catalytic mechanism of PON1. However, there is still a whole world of mystery waiting to be discovered, which would elucidate the substrate promiscuity of a group of enzymes that are so similar in their evolution and sequence yet so distinct in their function.
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Bosak A, Bavec A, Konte T, Šinko G, Kovarik Z, Goličnik M. Interactions of Paraoxonase-1 with Pharmacologically Relevant Carbamates. Molecules 2020; 25:E211. [PMID: 31947900 PMCID: PMC6983073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian paraoxonase-1 hydrolyses a very broad spectrum of esters such as certain drugs and xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to determine whether carbamates influence the activity of recombinant PON1 (rePON1). Carbamates were selected having a variety of applications: bambuterol and physostigmine are drugs, carbofuran is used as a pesticide, while Ro 02-0683 is diagnostic reagent. All the selected carbamates reduced the arylesterase activity of rePON1 towards the substrate S-phenyl thioacetate (PTA). Inhibition dissociation constants (Ki), evaluated by both discontinuous and continuous inhibition measurements (progress curves), were similar and in the mM range. The rePON1 displayed almost the same values of Ki constants for Ro 02-0683 and physostigmine while, for carbofuran and bambuterol, the values were approximately ten times lower and two times higher, respectively. The affinity of rePON1 towards the tested carbamates was about 3-40 times lower than that of PTA. Molecular modelling of rePON1-carbamate complexes suggested non-covalent interactions with residues of the rePON1 active site that could lead to competitive inhibition of its arylesterase activity. In conclusion, carbamates can reduce the level of PON1 activity, which should be kept in mind, especially in medical conditions characterized by reduced PON1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bosak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tilen Konte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.K.)
| | - Marko Goličnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.); (T.K.)
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Lin B, Su H, Ma G, Liu Y, Hou Q. Theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of dihydrocoumarin catalyzed by serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1): different roles of Glu53 and His115 for catalysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the PON1-catalyzed hydrolysis of dihydrocoumarin, Glu53 is necessary whereas His115 is not essential but can promote the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Hao Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Guangcai Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Qianqian Hou
- Shandong Non-metallic Materials Institute
- Jinan
- China
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Sureda A, Mestre-Alfaro A, Banquells M, Riera J, Drobnic F, Camps J, Joven J, Tur JA, Pons A. Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes. J Therm Biol 2014; 47:91-8. [PMID: 25526659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise in thermally stressful environmental conditions can enhance oxidative stress. We sought to measure the plasma antioxidant defenses and cytokine response together with oxidative damage post-exercise in a temperate versus a hot environment. The plasma concentrations of vasoactive endothelin-1 and vascular angiogenic growth factor were also evaluated. Male athletes (n=9) volunteered to participate. The athletes randomly performed two bouts of treadmill exercise of 45min at 75-80% of maximal oxygen uptake in a climatic-controlled chamber under two different conditions: temperate environment (10-12°C, 40-55% humidity) and hot, humid environment (30-32°C, 75-78% humidity). Venous blood samples were obtained immediately pre- and post-bout and on recovery after 2h. Serum glucose, malondialdehyde and lactate concentrations were significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in the temperate environment; these post-exercise values were significantly higher after exercise in hot than in temperate. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration, plasma phosphocreatine kinase and catalase activities, creatinine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in temperate environment. The post-exercise circulating values of antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 and endothelin were significantly higher in the hot than in temperate environment. Exercise in a hot and humid environment resulted in mild hyperthermia with elevated perceived exertion and thermal stress. Hyperthermic environment induced hyperglycemia, lactatecidemia and more cellular and oxidative damage than exercise in a temperate environment but also induced a post-exercise antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response in plasma. These results suggest that environmental temperature needs to be taken into account when evaluating exercise-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Antonia Mestre-Alfaro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Montserrat Banquells
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
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Bavec A, Knez D, Makovec T, Stojan J, Gobec S, Goličnik M. Exploring the aryl esterase catalysis of paraoxonase-1 through solvent kinetic isotope effects and phosphonate-based isosteric analogues of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate. Biochimie 2014; 106:184-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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