1
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Figiel M, Górka AK, Górecki A. Zinc Ions Modulate YY1 Activity: Relevance in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4338. [PMID: 37686614 PMCID: PMC10487186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
YY1 is widely recognized as an intrinsically disordered transcription factor that plays a role in development of many cancers. In most cases, its overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcomes. Our latest research focusing on the role of zinc ions in modulating YY1's interaction with DNA demonstrated that zinc enhances the protein's multimeric state and affinity to its operator. In light of these findings, changes in protein concentration appear to be just one element relevant to modulating YY1-dependent processes. Thus, alterations in zinc ion concentration can directly and specifically impact the regulation of gene expression by YY1, in line with reports indicating a correlation between zinc ion levels and advancement of certain tumors. This review concentrates on other potential consequences of YY1 interaction with zinc ions that may act by altering charge distribution, conformational state distribution, or oligomerization to influence its interactions with molecular partners that can disrupt gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Górecki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (A.K.G.)
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2
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Trangle SS, Rosenberg T, Parnas H, Levy G, Bar E, Marco A, Barak B. In individuals with Williams syndrome, dysregulation of methylation in non-coding regions of neuronal and oligodendrocyte DNA is associated with pathology and cortical development. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1112-1127. [PMID: 36577841 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a heterozygous micro-deletion in the WS critical region (WSCR) and is characterized by hyper-sociability and neurocognitive abnormalities. Nonetheless, whether and to what extent WSCR deletion leads to epigenetic modifications in the brain and induces pathological outcomes remains largely unknown. By examining DNA methylation in frontal cortex, we revealed genome-wide disruption in the methylome of individuals with WS, as compared to typically developed (TD) controls. Surprisingly, differentially methylated sites were predominantly annotated as introns and intergenic loci and were found to be highly enriched around binding sites for transcription factors that regulate neuronal development, plasticity and cognition. Moreover, by utilizing enhancer-promoter interactome data, we confirmed that most of these loci function as active enhancers in the human brain or as target genes of transcriptional networks associated with myelination, oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation, cognition and social behavior. Cell type-specific methylation analysis revealed aberrant patterns in the methylation of active enhancers in neurons and OLs, and important neuron-glia interactions that might be impaired in individuals with WS. Finally, comparison of methylation profiles from blood samples of individuals with WS and healthy controls, along with other data collected in this study, identified putative targets of endophenotypes associated with WS, which can be used to define brain-risk loci for WS outside the WSCR locus, as well as for other associated pathologies. In conclusion, our study illuminates the brain methylome landscape of individuals with WS and sheds light on how these aberrations might be involved in social behavior and physiological abnormalities. By extension, these results may lead to better diagnostics and more refined therapeutic targets for WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Tali Rosenberg
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Hadar Parnas
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Levy
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Asaf Marco
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Boaz Barak
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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3
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Tessier SN, Ingelson-Filpula WA, Storey KB. Epigenetic regulation by DNA methyltransferases during torpor in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3975-3985. [PMID: 34191233 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, is a mammal capable of lowering its Tb to almost 0 °C while undergoing deep torpor bouts over the winter. To decrease its metabolic rate to such a drastic extent, the squirrel must undergo multiple physiological, biological, and molecular alterations including downregulation of almost all nonessential processes. Epigenetic regulation allows for a dynamic range of transient phenotypes, allowing the squirrel to downregulate energy-expensive and nonessential pathways during torpor. DNA methylation is a prominent form of epigenetic regulation; therefore, the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family of enzymes were studied by measuring expression and activity levels of the five major proteins during torpor bouts. Additionally, specific cytosine marks on genomic DNA were quantified to further elucidate DNA methylation during hibernation. A tissue-specific response was observed that highlighted variant degrees of DNA methylation and DNMT expression/activity, demonstrating that DNA methylation is a highly complex form of epigenetic regulation and likely one of many regulatory mechanisms that enables metabolic rate depression in response to torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Tessier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.,BioMEMS Resource Center & Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - W Aline Ingelson-Filpula
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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4
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Vanzan L, Soldati H, Ythier V, Anand S, Braun SMG, Francis N, Murr R. High throughput screening identifies SOX2 as a super pioneer factor that inhibits DNA methylation maintenance at its binding sites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3337. [PMID: 34099689 PMCID: PMC8184831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. Nevertheless, pioneer transcription factors (PFs), a distinct class of TFs, have the ability to access nucleosomal DNA, leading to nucleosome remodelling and enhanced chromatin accessibility. Whether PFs can bind to methylated sites and induce DNA demethylation is largely unknown. Using a highly parallelized approach to investigate PF ability to bind methylated DNA and induce DNA demethylation, we show that the interdependence between DNA methylation and TF binding is more complex than previously thought, even within a select group of TFs displaying pioneering activity; while some PFs do not affect the methylation status of their binding sites, we identified PFs that can protect DNA from methylation and others that can induce DNA demethylation at methylated binding sites. We call the latter super pioneer transcription factors (SPFs), as they are seemingly able to overcome several types of repressive epigenetic marks. Finally, while most SPFs induce TET-dependent active DNA demethylation, SOX2 binding leads to passive demethylation, an activity enhanced by the co-binding of OCT4. This finding suggests that SPFs could interfere with epigenetic memory during DNA replication. The functional relevance of epigenetic modifications on transcription regulation has been an important question since their discovery. Here, the authors investigate the effect of DNA methylation on Pioneer Transcription Factor (PF) binding and distinguish between PFs that protect their binding sites from methylation and those that bind to methylated DNA and induce DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Vanzan
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Soldati
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Ythier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diagnostic Department, Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Informatics, Systems and Communications (DISCo), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Francis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rabih Murr
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute for Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Qin L, Qiao C, Sheen V, Wang Y, Lu J. DNMT3L promotes neural differentiation by enhancing STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation independent of DNA methylation. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:102028. [PMID: 33636226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported global hypermethylation in DS might be attributed to the overexpression of HSA21 gene DNMT3L, which can enhance DNMT3A and DNMT3B activities in DNA methylation. To test this hypothesis, we compared the DNA methylation and RNA expression profiles of early-differentiated human neuroprogenitors with and without DNMT3L overexpression. We found DNMT3L overexpression only moderately increased the DNA methylation of limited genes, yet significantly altered global RNA expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. We further found that DNMT3L bound STAT1 or STAT3, and increased its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which in turn activated the expression of transcription factors including HES3, ASCL1, NEUROD2 and NEUROG2 and CDK inhibitor CDKN1A, which promoted cell cycle exit and neural differentiation. This phenomenon was also confirmed in Dnmt3l conditional knockin mice, which could be rescued by STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors (Fludarabine and SH-4-54) but not DNA methylation inhibitor (Decitabine). These results suggest that DNMT3L play an important role during neurodevelopment independent of DNA methylation, which may contribute to the abnormal phenotypes observed in Down syndrome cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenyang Women & Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110121, China.
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
| | - Volney Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenyang Women & Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110121, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
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6
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Ding J, Zhao J, Huan L, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Wang Z, Chen Z, Huang S, Zhao Y, He X. Inflammation-Induced Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA (LINC00665) Increases Malignancy Through Activating the Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 72:1666-1681. [PMID: 32083756 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is important for linking inflammation and tumorigenesis. Here, we characterized an NF-κB signaling activation-induced long intergenic noncoding (LINC) RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), LINC00665, that contributes to the enhanced cell proliferation of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS LINC00665 physically interacts with the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR), enhances its activation, and maintains its protein stability by blocking ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, resulting in a positive feedback regulation of NF-κB signaling in HCC cells. Notably, patients with HCC and higher LINC00665 have poorer outcomes in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that LINC00665 is involved in the NF-κB signaling activation in HCC cells and that the inflammatory LINC00665/PKR/NF-κB loop plays important oncogenic roles in hepatic cancer progression and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhe Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejun Qiao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Shi X, Radhakrishnan S, Wen J, Chen JY, Chen J, Lam BA, Mills RE, Stranger BE, Lee C, Setlur SR. Association of CNVs with methylation variation. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:41. [PMID: 33062306 PMCID: PMC7519119 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline copy number variants (CNVs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) form the basis of inter-individual genetic variation. Although the phenotypic effects of SNPs have been extensively investigated, the effects of CNVs is relatively less understood. To better characterize mechanisms by which CNVs affect cellular phenotype, we tested their association with variable CpG methylation in a genome-wide manner. Using paired CNV and methylation data from the 1000 genomes and HapMap projects, we identified genome-wide associations by methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis. We found individual CNVs being associated with methylation of multiple CpGs and vice versa. CNV-associated methylation changes were correlated with gene expression. CNV-mQTLs were enriched for regulatory regions, transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs), and were involved in long-range physical interactions with associated CpGs. Some CNV-mQTLs were associated with methylation of imprinted genes. Several CNV-mQTLs and/or associated genes were among those previously reported by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We demonstrate that germline CNVs in the genome are associated with CpG methylation. Our findings suggest that structural variation together with methylation may affect cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Shi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA.,Present Address: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Saranya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jin Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA.,Present Address: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Brianna Ashlyn Lam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Ryan E Mills
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 USA.,Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Sunita R Setlur
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
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8
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Milazzotto MP, de Lima CB, da Fonseca AM, dos Santos EC, Ispada J. Erasing gametes to write blastocysts: metabolism as the new player in epigenetic reprogramming. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200015. [PMID: 33029209 PMCID: PMC7534565 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding preimplantation embryonic development is crucial for the improvement of assisted reproductive technologies and animal production. To achieve this goal, it is important to consider that gametes and embryos are highly susceptible to environmental changes. Beyond the metabolic adaptation, the dynamic status imposed during follicular growth and early embryogenesis may create marks that will guide the molecular regulation during prenatal development, and consequently impact the offspring phenotype. In this context, metaboloepigenetics has gained attention, as it investigates the crosstalk between metabolism and molecular control, i.e., how substrates generated by metabolic pathways may also act as players of epigenetic modifications. In this review, we present the main metabolic and epigenetic events of pre-implantation development, and how these systems connect to open possibilities for targeted manipulation of reproductive technologies and animal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Laboratório de Epigenética e Metabolismo Embrionário, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Bruna de Lima
- Laboratório de Epigenética e Metabolismo Embrionário, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
- Département des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aldcejam Martins da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Epigenética e Metabolismo Embrionário, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Erika Cristina dos Santos
- Laboratório de Epigenética e Metabolismo Embrionário, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Jessica Ispada
- Laboratório de Epigenética e Metabolismo Embrionário, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
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9
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Saravanaraman P, Selvam M, Ashok C, Srijyothi L, Baluchamy S. De novo methyltransferases: Potential players in diseases and new directions for targeted therapy. Biochimie 2020; 176:85-102. [PMID: 32659446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications govern gene expression by guiding the human genome on 'what to express and what not to'. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish methylation patterns on DNA, particularly in CpG islands, and such patterns play a major role in gene silencing. DNMTs are a family of proteins/enzymes (DNMT1, 2, 3A, 3B, and 3L), among which, DNMT1 (maintenance methyltransferase) and DNMT3 (de novo methyltransferases) that direct mammalian development and genome imprinting are highly investigated. In recent decades, many studies revealed a strong association of DNA methylation patterns with gene expression in various clinical conditions. Differential expression of DNMT3 family proteins and their splice variants result in changes in methylation patterns and such alterations have been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, especially cancer. This review will discuss the aberrant modifications generated by DNMT3 proteins under various clinical conditions, suggesting a potential signature for de novo methyltransferases in targeted disease therapy. Further, this review discusses the possibility of using 'CpG island methylation signatures' as promising biomarkers and emphasizes 'targeted hypomethylation' by disrupting the interaction of specific DNMT-protein complexes as the future of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponne Saravanaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Loudu Srijyothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Sudhakar Baluchamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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10
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Lin CC, Chen YP, Yang WZ, Shen JCK, Yuan H. Structural insights into CpG-specific DNA methylation by human DNA methyltransferase 3B. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3949-3961. [PMID: 32083663 PMCID: PMC7144912 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases are primary enzymes for cytosine methylation at CpG sites of epigenetic gene regulation in mammals. De novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B create DNA methylation patterns during development, but how they differentially implement genomic DNA methylation patterns is poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human DNMT3B-3L complex, noncovalently bound with and without DNA of different sequences. Human DNMT3B uses two flexible loops to enclose DNA and employs its catalytic loop to flip out the cytosine base. As opposed to DNMT3A, DNMT3B specifically recognizes DNA with CpGpG sites via residues Asn779 and Lys777 in its more stable and well-ordered target recognition domain loop to facilitate processive methylation of tandemly repeated CpG sites. We also identify a proton wire water channel for the final deprotonation step, revealing the complete working mechanism for cytosine methylation by DNMT3B and providing the structural basis for DNMT3B mutation-induced hypomethylation in immunodeficiency, centromere instability and facial anomalies syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chu Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - James C K Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hanna S Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
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11
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Cartron PF, Cheray M, Bretaudeau L. Epigenetic protein complexes: the adequate candidates for the use of a new generation of epidrugs in personalized and precision medicine in cancer. Epigenomics 2020; 12:171-177. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, drug development in oncology was focused on treating most patients for a specific cancer type without taking in account the heterogeneity between these patients in term of response to treatment. Therefore, this type of broad treatment approach excludes the treatment of patient not responding to disease-specific common drugs. In this review, we focus on the different types of epigenetic drugs currently used as DNA methylation inhibitor agents and their limits in patient care due to their lack of specificity. We also highlight the emergence of a new type of epidrug with higher target specificity due to their original mechanism of action: the disruption of protein complexes involved in the epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors’ Network, Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN Consortium, Région Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
- LabEX IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Cheray
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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12
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Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders affecting public health. Studies over the past years suggest that the methylations of some specific genes such as BDNF, SLC6A4, and NR3C1 play an important role in the development of depression. Recently, epigenetic evidences suggest that the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases differ in several brain areas including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens in depression patients and animal models, but the potential link between the expression levels of DNA methylatransferases and the methylations of specific genes needs further investigation to clarify the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Duan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Yang Y, Wu F, Zhang J, Sun R, Li F, Li Y, Chang S, Wang L, Wang X, Liu L, Huang C. EGR1 interacts with DNMT3L to inhibit the transcription of miR-195 and plays an anti-apoptotic role in the development of gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7372-7381. [PMID: 31515938 PMCID: PMC6815817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1 regulates the expression of its downstream target genes and may exert different biological effects in different tumours. We found that the expression of EGR1 was increased in gastric cancer (GC), and silencing the expression of EGR1 promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Moreover, overexpression of EGR1 repressed the apoptosis of GC cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that EGR1 had binding sites at the upstream promoter region of miR‐195; ChIP assays were applied to determine EGR1 occupancy of the miR‐195 promoter. The RT‐PCR results showed that EGR1 suppressed the expression of miR‐195. The mechanism by which EGR1 acts as a transcriptional repressor is still unclear. Bioinformatics analysis showed that EGR1 may interact with DNMT3L. We confirmed that EGR1 and DNMT3L formed a complex, and EGR1 was an important player in the transcriptional control of miR‐195. Overexpression of miR‐195 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GC cells. We found a well‐matched miR‐195 binding site at the AKT3 3′‐UTR. Double luciferase reporter assays showed that AKT3 was a target of miR‐195, and silencing AKT3 repressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Our results indicated EGR1 may interact with DNMT3L to inhibit the miR‐195‐AKT3 axis and regulate the GC cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Public Health, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of gastroenterology, Shaanxi provincial people's hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Su'e Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lumin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'anJiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Hervouet E, Peixoto P, Delage-Mourroux R, Boyer-Guittaut M, Cartron PF. Specific or not specific recruitment of DNMTs for DNA methylation, an epigenetic dilemma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 29449903 PMCID: PMC5807744 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current view of DNA methylation processes is strongly moving: First, even if it was generally admitted that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are associated with de novo methylation and DNMT1 is associated with inheritance DNA methylation, these distinctions are now not so clear. Secondly, since one decade, many partners of DNMTs have been involved in both the regulation of DNA methylation activity and DNMT recruitment on DNA. The high diversity of interactions and the combination of these interactions let us to subclass the different DNMT-including complexes. For example, the DNMT3L/DNMT3A complex is mainly related to de novo DNA methylation in embryonic states, whereas the DNMT1/PCNA/UHRF1 complex is required for maintaining global DNA methylation following DNA replication. On the opposite to these unspecific DNA methylation machineries (no preferential DNA sequence), some recently identified DNMT-including complexes are recruited on specific DNA sequences. The coexistence of both types of DNA methylation (un/specific) suggests a close cooperation and an orchestration between these systems to maintain genome and epigenome integrities. Deregulation of these systems can lead to pathologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hervouet
- INSERM unit 1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,EPIGENExp (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
| | - Paul Peixoto
- INSERM unit 1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,EPIGENExp (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-François Cartron
- 3INSERM unit S1232, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,4Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,REpiCGO (Cancéropole Grand-Ouest), Nantes, France.,EpiSAVMEN Networks, Nantes, Région Pays de la Loire France
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15
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Huang Q, Ma C, Chen L, Luo D, Chen R, Liang F. Mechanistic Insights Into the Interaction Between Transcription Factors and Epigenetic Modifications and the Contribution to the Development of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 30034368 PMCID: PMC6043677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The development of obesity is inseparable from genetic and epigenetic factors, and transcription factors (TFs) play an essential role in these two mechanisms. This review analyzes the interaction of TFs with epigenetic modifications and the epigenetic mechanisms underlying peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, an important transcription factor, in the development of obesity. Methods: We describe the relationship between TFs and different epigenetic modifications and illustrate the several mechanisms described. Next, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms of PPARs, an important class of transcription factors involved in obesity, that induce obesity with different triggering factors. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetic modification of PPAR-related ligands in lipid metabolism and propose future avenues of research. Results: TFs participate in epigenetic modifications in different forms, causing changes in gene expression. The interactions between the different epigenetic modifications and PPARs are important biological developments that affect fat tissue differentiation, lipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, thereby inducing or inhibiting the development of obesity. We then highlight the need for more research to understand the role of epigenetic modifications and PPARs. Conclusions: Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of PPARs may be excellent therapeutic targets for obesity treatment. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of how PPARs and other obesity-related transcription factors interact with epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Fengxia Liang
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16
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Atsumi T, Suzuki H, Jiang JJ, Okuyama Y, Nakagawa I, Ota M, Tanaka Y, Ohki T, Katsunuma K, Nakajima K, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Ogura H, Arima Y, Kamimura D, Murakami M. Rbm10 regulates inflammation development via alternative splicing of Dnmt3b. Int Immunol 2017; 29:581-591. [PMID: 29309623 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 10 (Rbm10) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing, but its role in inflammation is not well defined. Here, we show that Rbm10 controls appropriate splicing of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b), a DNA methyltransferase, to regulate the activity of NF-κB-responsive promoters and consequently inflammation development. Rbm10 deficiency suppressed NF-κB-mediated responses in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic analysis showed that Rbm10 deficiency decreased promoter recruitment of NF-κB, with increased DNA methylation of the promoter regions in NF-κB-responsive genes. Consistently, Rbm10 deficiency increased the expression level of Dnmt3b2, which has enzyme activity, while it decreased the splicing isoform Dnmt3b3, which does not. These two isoforms associated with NF-κB efficiently, and overexpression of enzymatically active Dnmt3b2 suppressed the expression of NF-κB targets, indicating that Rbm10-mediated Dnmt3b2 regulation is important for the induction of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Therefore, Rbm10-dependent Dnmt3b regulation is a possible therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironao Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kokichi Katsunuma
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Human DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases: a functional and structural perspective for epigenetic cancer therapy. Biochimie 2017; 139:137-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Zhao J, Li B, Huang X, Morelli X, Shi N. Structural Basis for the Interaction between Golgi Reassembly-stacking Protein GRASP55 and Golgin45. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2956-2965. [PMID: 28049725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.765990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgin45 is required for normal Golgi structure and the transportation of protein from the ER. It forms a specific complex with GRASP55 in vivo Little is known regarding the molecular details of this interaction and its structural role in stacking of the Golgi complex. Here, we present the crystal structure of the GRASP domains of GRASP55 in complex with the Golgin45 C-terminal peptide, determined at 1.33 Å resolution. Similar to the structure of GRASP65 bound to GM130 reported recently, this structure reveals more than one interacting site and involves both PDZ1 and PDZ2 domains of the GRASP simultaneously. The C-terminal peptides of Golgin45 and GM130 present a conserved PDZ domain binding motif sequence and recognize the canonical PDZ-peptide binding groove of the PDZ1 domains of GRASP55 and GRASP65. A main difference in this recognition process resides in a structural rearrangement of GRASP65-GM130 that does not occur for the GRASP55-Golgin45 complex. The binding site at the cleft between the PDZ1 and PDZ2 domains of GRASP65 is dominated by hydrophobic interactions with GM130 that are not observed in the GRASP55-Golgin45 complex. In addition, a unique zinc finger structure is revealed in the GRASP55-Golgin45 complex crystal structure. Mutagenesis experiments support these structural observations and demonstrate that two of these sites are required to form a stable complex. Finally, a novel Golgi stacking model is proposed according to these structural findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China and
| | - Bowen Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China and
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China and
| | - Xavier Morelli
- the Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ning Shi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China and
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19
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Misregulation of DNA Methylation Regulators in Cancer. DNA AND HISTONE METHYLATION AS CANCER TARGETS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Di Narzo AF, Peters LA, Argmann C, Stojmirovic A, Perrigoue J, Li K, Telesco S, Kidd B, Walker J, Dudley J, Cho J, Schadt EE, Kasarskis A, Curran M, Dobrin R, Hao K. Blood and Intestine eQTLs from an Anti-TNF-Resistant Crohn's Disease Cohort Inform IBD Genetic Association Loci. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e177. [PMID: 27336838 PMCID: PMC4931595 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci reproducibly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune-mediated diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying most of genetic susceptibility remain undefined. Expressional quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of disease-relevant tissue can be employed in order to elucidate the genes and pathways affected by disease-specific genetic variance. METHODS: In this study, we derived eQTLs for human whole blood and intestine tissues of anti-tumor necrosis factor-resistant Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We interpreted these eQTLs in the context of published IBD GWAS hits to inform on the disease process. RESULTS: At 10% false discovery rate, we discovered that 5,174 genes in blood and 2,063 genes in the intestine were controlled by a nearby single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (i.e., cis-eQTL), among which 1,360 were shared between the two tissues. A large fraction of the identified eQTLs were supported by the regulomeDB database, showing that the eQTLs reside in regulatory elements (odds ratio; OR=3.44 and 3.24 for blood and intestine eQTLs, respectively) as opposed to protein-coding regions. Published IBD GWAS hits as a whole were enriched for blood and intestine eQTLs (OR=2.88 and 2.05; and P value=2.51E-9 and 0.013, respectively), thereby linking genetic susceptibility to control of gene expression in these tissues. Through a systematic search, we used eQTL data to inform 109 out of 372 IBD GWAS SNPs documented in National Human Genome Research Institute catalog, and we categorized the genes influenced by eQTLs according to their functions. Many of these genes have experimentally validated roles in specific cell types contributing to intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The blood and intestine eQTLs described in this study represent a powerful tool to link GWAS loci to a regulatory function and thus elucidate the mechanisms underlying the genetic loci associated with IBD and related conditions. Overall, our eQTL discovery approach empirically identifies the disease-associated variants including their impact on the direction and extent of expression changes in the context of disease-relevant cellular pathways in order to infer the functional outcome of this aspect of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren A Peters
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Li
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian Kidd
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Walker
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark Curran
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Radu Dobrin
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Allele-specific DNA methylation reinforces PEAR1 enhancer activity. Blood 2016; 128:1003-12. [PMID: 27313330 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-682153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the PEAR1 locus is linked to platelet reactivity and cardiovascular disease. The major G allele of rs12041331, an intronic cytosine guanine dinucleotide-single-nucleotide polymorphism (CpG-SNP), is associated with higher PEAR1 expression in platelets and endothelial cells than the minor A allele. The molecular mechanism underlying this difference remains elusive. We have characterized the histone modification profiles of the intronic region surrounding rs12041331 and identified H3K4Me1 enhancer-specific enrichment for the region that covers the CpG-SNP. Interestingly, methylation studies revealed that the CpG site is fully methylated in leukocytes of GG carriers. Nuclear protein extracts from megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, vs control HEK-293 cells show a 3-fold higher affinity for the methylated G allele compared with nonmethylated G or A alleles in a gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay. To understand the positive relationship between methylation and gene expression, we studied DNA methylation at 4 different loci of PEAR1 during in vitro megakaryopoiesis. During differentiation, the CpG-SNP remained fully methylated, while we observed rapid methylation increases at the CpG-island overlapping the first 5'-untranslated region exon, paralleling the increased PEAR1 expression. In the same region, A-allele carriers of rs12041331 showed significantly lower DNA methylation at CGI1 compared with GG homozygote. This CpG-island contains binding sites for the methylation-sensitive transcription factor CTCF, whose binding is known to play a role in enhancer activation and/or repression. In conclusion, we report the molecular characterization of the first platelet function-related CpG-SNP, a genetic predisposition that reinforces PEAR1 enhancer activity through allele-specific DNA methylation.
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22
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Trejbalová K, Kovářová D, Blažková J, Machala L, Jilich D, Weber J, Kučerová D, Vencálek O, Hirsch I, Hejnar J. Development of 5' LTR DNA methylation of latent HIV-1 provirus in cell line models and in long-term-infected individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:19. [PMID: 26900410 PMCID: PMC4759744 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latency represents the major barrier to virus eradication in infected individuals because cells harboring latent HIV-1 provirus are not affected by current antiretroviral therapy (ART). We previously demonstrated that DNA methylation of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (5' LTR) restricts HIV-1 reactivation and, together with chromatin conformation, represents an important mechanism of HIV-1 latency maintenance. Here, we explored the new issue of temporal development of DNA methylation in latent HIV-1 5' LTR. RESULTS In the Jurkat CD4(+) T cell model of latency, we showed that the stimulation of host cells contributed to de novo DNA methylation of the latent HIV-1 5' LTR sequences. Consecutive stimulations of model CD4(+) T cell line with TNF-α and PMA or with SAHA contributed to the progressive accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation. Further, we showed that once established, the high DNA methylation level of the latent 5' LTR in the cell line model was a stable epigenetic mark. Finally, we explored the development of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals who were treated with ART. We detected low levels of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the resting CD4(+) T cells of the group of patients who were treated for up to 3 years. However, after long-term ART, we observed an accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir. Importantly, within the latent reservoir of some long-term-treated individuals, we uncovered populations of proviral molecules with a high density of 5' LTR CpG methylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the presence of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the long-term reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals and implied that the transient stimulation of cells harboring latent proviruses may contribute, at least in part, to the methylation of the HIV-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Trejbalová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Kovářová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blažková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Machala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce in Prague, Budínova 67/2, CZ-18081 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Jilich
- Department of Infectious, Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Hospital Na Bulovce, Budínova 67/ 2, CZ-18081 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vencálek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science of the Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-77146 Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic ; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic ; Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13273 Marseille, France ; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille Univ., F-13284 Marseille, France ; CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Huang RY, Su SG, Wu DC, Fu J, Zeng X. BLZF1 expression is of prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:602-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keil KP, Vezina CM. DNA methylation as a dynamic regulator of development and disease processes: spotlight on the prostate. Epigenomics 2015; 7:413-25. [PMID: 26077429 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate development, benign hyperplasia and cancer involve androgen and growth factor signaling as well as stromal-epithelial interactions. We review how DNA methylation influences these and related processes in other organ systems such as how proliferation is restricted to specific cell populations during defined temporal windows, how androgens elicit their actions and how cells establish, maintain and remodel DNA methylation in a time and cell specific fashion. We also discuss mechanisms by which hormones and endocrine disrupting chemicals reprogram DNA methylation in the prostate and elsewhere and examine evidence for a reawakening of developmental epigenetic pathways as drivers of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P Keil
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Li S, Yang G. Hydrogen Sulfide Maintains Mitochondrial DNA Replication via Demethylation of TFAM. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:630-42. [PMID: 25758951 PMCID: PMC4554549 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts a wide range of actions in the body, especially in the modulation of mitochondrial functions. The normal replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is critical for cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H2S affects mtDNA replication and the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesize that H2S maintains mtDNA copy number via inhibition of Dnmt3a transcription and TFAM promoter methylation. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that deficiency of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), a major H2S-producing enzyme, reduces mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial contents, and it inhibits the expressions of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial marker genes in both smooth muscle cells and aorta tissues from mice. Supply of exogenous H2S stimulated mtDNA copy number and strengthened the expressions of TFAM and mitochondrial marker genes. TFAM knockdown diminished H2S-enhanced mtDNA copy number. In addition, CSE deficiency induced the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) and TFAM promoter DNA methylation, and H2S repressed Dnmt3a expression, resulting in TFAM promoter demethylation. We further found that H2S S-sulfhydrates transcription repressor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and enhances the binding of IRF-1 with Dnmt3a promoter after reduced Dnmt3a transcription. H2S had little effects on the expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b as well as on ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1, 2, and 3. INNOVATION A sufficient level of H2S is able to inhibit TFAM promoter methylation and maintain mtDNA copy number. CONCLUSION CSE/H2S system contributes to mtDNA replication and cellular bioenergetics and provides a novel therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Li
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada .,2 The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada .,2 The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Strong E, Butcher D, Singhania R, Mervis C, Morris C, De Carvalho D, Weksberg R, Osborne L. Symmetrical Dose-Dependent DNA-Methylation Profiles in Children with Deletion or Duplication of 7q11.23. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:216-27. [PMID: 26166478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysfunction has been implicated in a growing list of disorders that include cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegeneration. Williams syndrome (WS) and 7q11.23 duplication syndrome (Dup7) are rare neurodevelopmental disorders with broad phenotypic spectra caused by deletion and duplication, respectively, of a 1.5-Mb region that includes several genes with a role in epigenetic regulation. We have identified striking differences in DNA methylation across the genome between blood cells from children with WS or Dup7 and blood cells from typically developing (TD) children. Notably, regions that were differentially methylated in both WS and Dup7 displayed a significant and symmetrical gene-dose-dependent effect, such that WS typically showed increased and Dup7 showed decreased DNA methylation. Differentially methylated genes were significantly enriched with genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) candidate genes, and imprinted genes. Using alignment with ENCODE data, we also found the differentially methylated regions to be enriched with CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites. These findings suggest that gene(s) within 7q11.23 alter DNA methylation at specific sites across the genome and result in dose-dependent DNA-methylation profiles in WS and Dup7. Given the extent of DNA-methylation changes and the potential impact on CTCF binding and chromatin regulation, epigenetic mechanisms most likely contribute to the complex neurological phenotypes of WS and Dup7. Our findings highlight the importance of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of WS and Dup7 and provide molecular mechanisms that are potentially shared by WS, Dup7, and ASD.
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Marchal C, Miotto B. Emerging Concept in DNA Methylation: Role of Transcription Factors in Shaping DNA Methylation Patterns. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:743-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marchal
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Paris France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Paris France
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