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Koch E, Arteaga Ceballos D, Vilbert M, Lajkosz K, Pimentel Muniz T, Hirsch I, Silva Almeida Ribeiro M, Mantle L, Anczurowski M, Hogg D, Saibil S, Spreafico A, Krema H, Butler M. 831P Outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma treated with tebentafusp. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Silveira Vilbert M, Hirsch I, Koch E, Pimentel Muniz T, Pinheiro Xavier D, Silva Almeida Ribeiro M, Mantle L, Saibil S, Spreafico A, Butler M, Hogg D. 775P Treatment of Kaposi sarcoma with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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3
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Koch E, Vilbert M, Pimentel Muniz T, Ghazarian D, Hirsch I, Silva Almeida Ribeiro M, Mantle L, Hogg D, Saibil S, Spreafico A, Butler M. 877P Characteristics of malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors in a single-institution study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Vonka V, Hirsch I. Prophylactic vaccines against cancers of non-infectious origin: a dream or a real possibility? Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 29:247-258. [PMID: 35026062 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic progress in tumour biology and immunology in the past several years has opened new avenues for the treatment and prevention of cancer. One of the great contributions of the immunotherapeutic approaches is an increasing understanding of the immunology of cancer, which is, gradually creating conditions for the development of prophylactic anti-cancer vaccines. Efficient vaccines have been developed and employed for the prophylaxis of two frequent cancers of viral origin, namely cervical cancer and liver cancer. The new knowledge on the interactions between the immune system and the malignant tumors seems to provide means for the development of prophylactic vaccines against cancers developing due to the mutations in the proto-oncogenes converting their products into oncoproteins. According to the present estimates, these cancers form a great majority of human malignancies. Recent evidence has indicated that the immune system recognizes such mutated proteins, and that the development of cancer is due to the failure of the immune system to eliminate neoplastic cells. Followingly, it can be expected that inducing immunity against the mutated epitopes will increase the capacity of the body to deal with the initiated precancerous cells. In the present paper this hypothesis is primarily discussed in the relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC), which seems to be a well-fitting candidate for prophylactic vaccination. CRC is the third most frequent malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. Mutations of two proto-oncogenes, namely RAS and RAF, are involved in the majority of CRC cases and, in addition, they are shared with other human malignancies. Therefore, the strategy to be used for prophylaxis of CRC is discussed together with several other frequent human cancers, namely lung cancer, pancreatic duct cancer and melanoma. The prophylactic vaccines proposed are aimed at the reduction of the incidence of these and, to a lesser extent, some other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vonka
- Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Emeritus, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lubyova B, Tikalova E, Krulova K, Hodek J, Zabransky A, Hirsch I, Weber J. ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of Hepatitis B Core Protein in Response to Genotoxic Stress. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122438. [PMID: 34960710 PMCID: PMC8705010 DOI: 10.3390/v13122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis caused by infection with the Hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening condition. In fact, 1 million people die annually due to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, several studies demonstrated a molecular connection between the host DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and HBV replication and reactivation. Here, we investigated the role of Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) PI3-kinases in phosphorylation of the HBV core protein (HBc). We determined that treatment of HBc-expressing hepatocytes with genotoxic agents, e.g., etoposide or hydrogen peroxide, activated the host ATM-Chk2 pathway, as determined by increased phosphorylation of ATM at Ser1981 and Chk2 at Thr68. The activation of ATM led, in turn, to increased phosphorylation of cytoplasmic HBc at serine-glutamine (SQ) motifs located in its C-terminal domain. Conversely, down-regulation of ATM using ATM-specific siRNAs or inhibitor effectively reduced etoposide-induced HBc phosphorylation. Detailed mutation analysis of S-to-A HBc mutants revealed that S170 (S168 in a 183-aa HBc variant) is the primary site targeted by ATM-regulated phosphorylation. Interestingly, mutation of two major phosphorylation sites involving serines at positions 157 and 164 (S155 and S162 in a 183-aa HBc variant) resulted in decreased etoposide-induced phosphorylation, suggesting that the priming phosphorylation at these serine-proline (SP) sites is vital for efficient phosphorylation of SQ motifs. Notably, the mutation of S172 (S170 in a 183-aa HBc variant) had the opposite effect and resulted in massively up-regulated phosphorylation of HBc, particularly at S170. Etoposide treatment of HBV infected HepG2-NTCP cells led to increased levels of secreted HBe antigen and intracellular HBc protein. Together, our studies identified HBc as a substrate for ATM-mediated phosphorylation and mapped the phosphorylation sites. The increased expression of HBc and HBe antigens in response to genotoxic stress supports the idea that the ATM pathway may provide growth advantage to the replicating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Lubyova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Eva Tikalova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Kristyna Krulova
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Jan Hodek
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Ales Zabransky
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (A.Z.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.W.)
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Janovec V, Ryabchenko B, Škarková A, Pokorná K, Rösel D, Brábek J, Weber J, Forstová J, Hirsch I, Huérfano S. TLR4-Mediated Recognition of Mouse Polyomavirus Promotes Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Like Phenotype and Cell Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092076. [PMID: 33923020 PMCID: PMC8123340 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumorigenic potential of mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) has been studied for decades in cell culture models and has been mainly attributed to nonstructural middle T antigen (MT), which acts as a scaffold signal adaptor, activates Src tyrosine kinases, and possesses transforming ability. We hypothesized that MPyV could also transform mouse cells independent of MT via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory mechanism. To this end, we investigated the interaction of MPyV with TLR4 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and 3T6 cells, resulting in secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), independent of active viral replication. TLR4 colocalized with MPyV capsid protein VP1 in MEFs. Neither TLR4 activation nor recombinant IL-6 inhibited MPyV replication in MEFs and 3T6 cells. MPyV induced STAT3 phosphorylation through both direct and MT-dependent and indirect and TLR4/IL-6-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that uninfected mouse fibroblasts exposed to the cytokine environment from MPyV-infected fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of MCP-1, CCL-5, and α-SMA. Moreover, the cytokine microenvironment increased the invasiveness of MEFs and CT26 carcinoma cells. Collectively, TLR4 recognition of MPyV induces a cytokine environment that promotes the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like phenotype in noninfected fibroblasts and increases cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Janovec
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (V.J.); (B.R.); (J.F.); (S.H.)
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Boris Ryabchenko
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (V.J.); (B.R.); (J.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (D.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Karolína Pokorná
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (D.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (D.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Weber
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (V.J.); (B.R.); (J.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (V.J.); (B.R.); (J.F.); (S.H.)
- IOCB Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-723
| | - Sandra Huérfano
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150 Vestec, Czech Republic; (V.J.); (B.R.); (J.F.); (S.H.)
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Waisberg F, Lopez C, Burton J, Hirsch I, Enrico D, Mandó P, Martin C, Chacón M, Seetharamu N. MA04.04 Assessing the Methodological Quality of Quality-of-Life Analyses in First-Line Lung Cancer Trials: A Systematic Review. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Janovec V, Hodek J, Clarova K, Hofman T, Dostalik P, Fronek J, Chlupac J, Chaperot L, Durand S, Baumert TF, Pichova I, Lubyova B, Hirsch I, Weber J. Toll-like receptor dual-acting agonists are potent inducers of PBMC-produced cytokines that inhibit hepatitis B virus production in primary human hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12767. [PMID: 32728070 PMCID: PMC7392756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment functionally cures chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in some individuals and suppresses virus replication in hepatocytes infected in vitro. We studied the antiviral effect of conditioned media (CM) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 7, 8 and 9. We found that CM from PBMCs stimulated with dual-acting TLR7/8 (R848) and TLR2/7 (CL413) agonists were more potent drivers of inhibition of HBe and HBs antigen secretion from HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHH) than CM from PBMCs stimulated with single-acting TLR7 (CL264) or TLR9 (CpG-B) agonists. Inhibition of HBV in PHH did not correlate with the quantity of PBMC-produced IFN-α, but it was a complex function of multiple secreted cytokines. More importantly, we found that the CM that efficiently inhibited HBV production in freshly isolated PHH via various cytokine repertoires and mechanisms did not reduce covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA levels. We confirmed our data with a cell culture model based on HepG2-NTCP cells and the plasmacytoid dendritic cell line GEN2.2. Collectively, our data show the importance of dual-acting TLR agonists inducing broad cytokine repertoires. The development of poly-specific TLR agonists provides novel opportunities towards functional HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Janovec
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic.,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hodek
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Clarova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic.,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostalik
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fronek
- Transplantation Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chlupac
- Transplantation Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- CNRS UMR5309, Inserm U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB, EFS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Durand
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Virales Et Hepatiques UMRS 1110, Universite de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Virales Et Hepatiques UMRS 1110, Universite de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Pole Hepato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Iva Pichova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lubyova
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 25150, Vestec, Czech Republic. .,IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Weber
- IOCB & Gilead Research Center, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ramirez Butavand D, Hirsch I, Tomaiuolo M, Moncada D, Viola H, Ballarini F. Novelty Improves the Formation and Persistence of Memory in a Naturalistic School Scenario. Front Psychol 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32063874 PMCID: PMC7000375 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the top challenges in education and neuroscience consists in translating laboratory results into strategies to improve learning and memory in teaching environments. In that sense, during the last two decades, researchers have discovered specific temporal windows around learning, during which the intervention with some experiences induces modulatory effects on the formation and/or persistence of memory. Based on these results, the aim of the present study was to design a specific strategy to improve the memory of students in a high-school scenario, by assessing the effect of a novel situation experienced close to learning. We found that the long-term memory about a geometrical figure was more precise in the group of students that faced a novel situation 1 h before or after learning the figure than the control group of students who did not face the novelty. This enhancement was probably triggered by processes acting on memory formation mechanisms that remained evident 45 days after learning, indicating that the improvement was sustained over time. In addition, our results showed that novelty no longer improved the memory if it was experienced 4 h before or after learning. However, far beyond this window of efficacy, when it was faced around 10 h after learning, the novel experience improved the memory persistence tested 7 days later. In summary, our findings characterized different temporal windows of the effectiveness of novelty acting on memory processing, providing a simple and inexpensive strategy that could be used to improve memory formation and persistence in high-school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramirez Butavand
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Hirsch
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Tomaiuolo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Moncada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Viola
- Laboratorio de Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular "Dr. Héctor Maldonado" (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Ballarini
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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O'Quinn S, Hirsch I, Cook W, Martin U. P108 IMPROVEMENTS IN SGRQ TOTAL AND DOMAIN SCORES WITH BENRALIZUMAB TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O'Quinn S, Xu X, Hirsch I. RESCUE MEDICATION USE REDUCTION WITH BENRALIZUMAB FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE, UNCONTROLLED EOSINOPHILIC ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Kamboj A, Newbold P, Hirsch I, Zangrilli J. CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ALLERGIC DISEASE FROM BENRALIZUMAB PHASE III SEVERE ASTHMA TRIALS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Verrier ER, Yim SA, Heydmann L, El Saghire H, Bach C, Turon-Lagot V, Mailly L, Durand SC, Lucifora J, Durantel D, Pessaux P, Manel N, Hirsch I, Zeisel MB, Pochet N, Schuster C, Baumert TF. Hepatitis B Virus Evasion From Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase Sensing in Human Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2018; 68:1695-1709. [PMID: 29679386 PMCID: PMC6195855 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and cancer worldwide. The mechanisms of viral genome sensing and the evasion of innate immune responses by HBV infection are still poorly understood. Recently, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) was identified as a DNA sensor. In this study, we investigated the functional role of cGAS in sensing HBV infection and elucidate the mechanisms of viral evasion. We performed functional studies including loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments combined with cGAS effector gene expression profiling in an infectious cell culture model, primary human hepatocytes, and HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice. Here, we show that cGAS is expressed in the human liver, primary human hepatocytes, and human liver chimeric mice. While naked relaxed-circular HBV DNA is sensed in a cGAS-dependent manner in hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes, host cell recognition of viral nucleic acids is abolished during HBV infection, suggesting escape from sensing, likely during packaging of the genome into the viral capsid. While the hepatocyte cGAS pathway is functionally active, as shown by reduction of viral covalently closed circular DNA levels in gain-of-function studies, HBV infection suppressed cGAS expression and function in cell culture models and humanized mice. Conclusion: HBV exploits multiple strategies to evade sensing and antiviral activity of cGAS and its effector pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi R. Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,Corresponding authors: Prof. Thomas F. Baumert, MD, , Dr. Catherine Schuster, PhD, , and Dr. Eloi R. Verrier, PhD, , Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 Rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Tel: +33 3 68 85 37 03; fax: +33 3 68 85 37 24
| | - Seung-Ae Yim
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Heydmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Houssein El Saghire
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Bach
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Turon-Lagot
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Mailly
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah C. Durand
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- Inserm, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- Inserm, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France,Inserm, U932, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Biocev, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague
| | - Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,Corresponding authors: Prof. Thomas F. Baumert, MD, , Dr. Catherine Schuster, PhD, , and Dr. Eloi R. Verrier, PhD, , Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 Rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Tel: +33 3 68 85 37 03; fax: +33 3 68 85 37 24
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,Corresponding authors: Prof. Thomas F. Baumert, MD, , Dr. Catherine Schuster, PhD, , and Dr. Eloi R. Verrier, PhD, , Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 Rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Tel: +33 3 68 85 37 03; fax: +33 3 68 85 37 24
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14
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Font-Haro A, Janovec V, Hofman T, Machala L, Jilich D, Melkova Z, Weber J, Trejbalova K, Hirsch I. Expression of TIM-3 on Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Predictive Biomarker of Decline in HIV-1 RNA Level during ART. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040154. [PMID: 29597250 PMCID: PMC5923448 DOI: 10.3390/v10040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion and functional impairment of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are characteristic attributes of HIV-1-infection. The mechanism of dysfunction of pDCs is unclear. Here, we studied the development of phenotype of pDCs in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals monitored before the initiation and during a 9-month follow up with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we detected significantly higher pDC-surface expression of the HIV-1 receptor CD4, regulatory receptor BDCA-2, Fcγ receptor CD32, pDC dysfunction marker TIM-3, and the marker of killer pDC, TRAIL, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals before initiation of ART when compared to healthy donors. After 9 months of ART, all of these markers approached but did not reach the expression levels observed in healthy donors. We found that the rate of decline in HIV-1 RNA level over the first 3 months of ART negatively correlated with the expression of TIM-3 on pDCs. We conclude that immunogenic phenotype of pDCs is not significantly restored after sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA level in ART-treated patients and that the level of the TIM-3 expressed on pDCs in treatment naïve patients could be a predictive marker of the rate of decline in the HIV-1 RNA level during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Font-Haro
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Janovec
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Machala
- The Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, 18081 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Jilich
- The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, 18081 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zora Melkova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Charles University, The First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, IOCB & Gilead Research Center, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Chipps BE, Newbold P, Hirsch I, Trudo F, Goldman M. Efficacy of Benralizumab for Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Atopic Asthma by Serum Immunoglobulin E Concentrations. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BE Chipps
- Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - P Newbold
- Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - I Hirsch
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - F Trudo
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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16
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Newbold P, Hirsch I, Trudo F, Goldman M. Effects of Immunoglobin E Concentration, Eosinophil Concentration, and Atopy Status on Benralizumab Efficacy in Asthma. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Trudo
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
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17
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Xu X, O'Quinn S, Hirsch I, Gopalan G. Asthma Symptom Improvements with Benralizumab are Associated with Improvements in Activity Function and Quality of Life for Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - I Hirsch
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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18
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O'Quinn S, Xu X, Hirsch I, Gopalan G. Patient-Reported Activity Impairment, Stress, and Tiredness Improvement in Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma with Eosinophilic Inflammation: Pooled Results from Two Phase III Trials of Benralizumab. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - X Xu
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - I Hirsch
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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19
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Janovec V, Aouar B, Font-Haro A, Hofman T, Trejbalova K, Weber J, Chaperot L, Plumas J, Olive D, Dubreuil P, Nunès JA, Stranska R, Hirsch I. The MEK1/2-ERK Pathway Inhibits Type I IFN Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535732 PMCID: PMC5835309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the crosslinking of regulatory receptors (RRs), such as blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) (CD303) or ILT7 (CD85g), of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) efficiently suppresses the production of type I interferons (IFN-I, α/β/ω) and other cytokines in response to toll-like receptor 7 and 9 (TLR7/9) ligands. The exact mechanism of how this B cell receptor (BCR)-like signaling blocks TLR7/9-mediated IFN-I production is unknown. Here, we stimulated BCR-like signaling by ligation of RRs with BDCA-2 and ILT7 mAbs, hepatitis C virus particles, or BST2 expressing cells. We compared BCR-like signaling in proliferating pDC cell line GEN2.2 and in primary pDCs from healthy donors, and addressed the question of whether pharmacological targeting of BCR-like signaling can antagonize RR-induced pDC inhibition. To this end, we tested the TLR9-mediated production of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines in pDCs exposed to a panel of inhibitors of signaling molecules involved in BCR-like, MAPK, NF-ĸB, and calcium signaling pathways. We found that MEK1/2 inhibitors, PD0325901 and U0126 potentiated TLR9-mediated production of IFN-I in GEN2.2 cells. More importantly, MEK1/2 inhibitors significantly increased the TLR9-mediated IFN-I production blocked in both GEN2.2 cells and primary pDCs upon stimulation of BCR-like or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Triggering of BCR-like and PKC signaling in pDCs resulted in an upregulation of the expression and phoshorylation of c-FOS, a downstream gene product of the MEK1/2-ERK pathway. We found that the total level of c-FOS was higher in proliferating GEN2.2 cells than in the resting primary pDCs. The PD0325901-facilitated restoration of the TLR9-mediated IFN-I production correlated with the abrogation of MEK1/2-ERK-c-FOS signaling. These results indicate that the MEK1/2-ERK pathway inhibits TLR9-mediated type I IFN production in pDCs and that pharmacological targeting of MEK1/2-ERK signaling could be a strategy to overcome immunotolerance of pDCs and re-establish their immunogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Janovec
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | - Besma Aouar
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Albert Font-Haro
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Joel Plumas
- INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunès
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Ruzena Stranska
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia.,Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
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20
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Xu X, O'Quinn S, Hirsch I, Gopalan G. Impact of Asthma Control Status on Lung Function and Patient Well-Being Assessments in Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - I Hirsch
- Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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21
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Chipps B, Newbold P, Hirsch I, Trudo F, Goldman M. P221 Efficacy of benralizumab for patients with severe, uncontrolled atopic asthma by serum immunoglobulin E concentrations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Newbold P, Hirsch I, Trudo F, Goldman M. P222 Effects of immunoglobulin e concentration, eosinophil concentration, and atopy status on benralizumab efficacy in asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Hirsch I, Janovec V, Stranska R, Bendriss-Vermare N. Cross Talk between Inhibitory Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif-Signaling and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28439271 PMCID: PMC5383719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune cells sense microbial infection and self-ligands by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and regulatory receptors (RRs), associated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Rapid activation and concerted action of PRRs signaling and feedback inhibitory mechanisms must be engaged to ensure the host defense functions and to prevent cytotoxicity associated with excessive activation. ITAM-associated RRs can generate stimulatory or, paradoxically, inhibitory signals. The network of ITAM-associated RR, together with TLR-signaling pathways, are responsible for immunogenic or tolerogenic responses of macrophages and dendritic cells to their microenvironment. In macrophages, TLR4 signaling is inhibited by low-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated receptors, while high-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated receptors results in potentiation of TLR4 signaling together with resistance to extracellular cytokine microenvironment signals. In contrast to macrophages, TLR7/9 signaling in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is inhibited by high-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated RR, while low-avidity ligation does not show any effect. Surprisingly, interference of ITAM-associated receptor signaling with TLR pathways has not been reported in conventional dendritic cells. Here, we present an overview of molecular mechanisms acting at the crossroads of TLR and ITAM-signaling pathways and address the question of how the high-avidity engagement of the ITAM-associated receptors in pDCs inhibits TLR7/9 signaling. Cellular context and spatiotemporal engagement of ITAM- and TLR-signaling pathways are responsible for different outcomes of macrophage versus pDC activation. While the cross-regulation of cytokine and TLR signaling, together with antigen presentation, are the principal functions of ITAM-associated RR in macrophages, the major role of these receptors in pDCs seems to be related to inhibition of cytokine production and reestablishment of a tolerogenic state following pDC activation. Pharmacologic targeting of TLR and ITAM signaling could be an attractive new therapeutic approach for treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases related to pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hirsch
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Center Marseille, INSERM U 1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vaclav Janovec
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruzena Stranska
- Cancer Research Center Marseille, INSERM U 1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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24
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Aouar B, Kovarova D, Letard S, Font-Haro A, Florentin J, Weber J, Durantel D, Chaperot L, Plumas J, Trejbalova K, Hejnar J, Nunès JA, Olive D, Dubreuil P, Hirsch I, Stranska R. Dual Role of the Tyrosine Kinase Syk in Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156063. [PMID: 27258042 PMCID: PMC4892542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslinking of regulatory immunoreceptors (RR), such as BDCA-2 (CD303) or ILT7 (CD85g), of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) efficiently suppresses production of type-I interferon (IFN)-α/β and other cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 ligands. This cytokine-inhibitory pathway is mediated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) associated with the ITAM-containing adapter of RR. Here we demonstrate by pharmacological targeting of Syk that in addition to the negative regulation of TLR7/9 signaling via RR, Syk also positively regulates the TLR7/9 pathway in human pDCs. Novel highly specific Syk inhibitor AB8779 suppressed IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-6 production induced by TLR7/9 agonists in primary pDCs and in the pDC cell line GEN2.2. Triggering of TLR9 or RR signaling induced a differential kinetics of phosphorylation at Y352 and Y525/526 of Syk and a differential sensitivity to AB8779. Consistent with the different roles of Syk in TLR7/9 and RR signaling, a concentration of AB8779 insufficient to block TLR7/9 signaling still released the block of IFN-α production triggered via the RR pathway, including that induced by hepatitis B and C viruses. Thus, pharmacological targeting of Syk partially restored the main pDC function—IFN-α production. Opposing roles of Syk in TLR7/9 and RR pathways may regulate the innate immune response to weaken inflammation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Aouar
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Denisa Kovarova
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastien Letard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- AB Science, Paris, France
| | - Albert Font-Haro
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Durantel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- UJF, INSERM U823, University Grenoble Alpes, EFS Rhone-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- UJF, INSERM U823, University Grenoble Alpes, EFS Rhone-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques A. Nunès
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (RS); (IH)
| | - Ruzena Stranska
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (RS); (IH)
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25
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Trejbalová K, Kovářová D, Blažková J, Machala L, Jilich D, Weber J, Kučerová D, Vencálek O, Hirsch I, Hejnar J. Development of 5' LTR DNA methylation of latent HIV-1 provirus in cell line models and in long-term-infected individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:19. [PMID: 26900410 PMCID: PMC4759744 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latency represents the major barrier to virus eradication in infected individuals because cells harboring latent HIV-1 provirus are not affected by current antiretroviral therapy (ART). We previously demonstrated that DNA methylation of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (5' LTR) restricts HIV-1 reactivation and, together with chromatin conformation, represents an important mechanism of HIV-1 latency maintenance. Here, we explored the new issue of temporal development of DNA methylation in latent HIV-1 5' LTR. RESULTS In the Jurkat CD4(+) T cell model of latency, we showed that the stimulation of host cells contributed to de novo DNA methylation of the latent HIV-1 5' LTR sequences. Consecutive stimulations of model CD4(+) T cell line with TNF-α and PMA or with SAHA contributed to the progressive accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation. Further, we showed that once established, the high DNA methylation level of the latent 5' LTR in the cell line model was a stable epigenetic mark. Finally, we explored the development of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals who were treated with ART. We detected low levels of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the resting CD4(+) T cells of the group of patients who were treated for up to 3 years. However, after long-term ART, we observed an accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir. Importantly, within the latent reservoir of some long-term-treated individuals, we uncovered populations of proviral molecules with a high density of 5' LTR CpG methylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the presence of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the long-term reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals and implied that the transient stimulation of cells harboring latent proviruses may contribute, at least in part, to the methylation of the HIV-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Trejbalová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Kovářová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blažková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Machala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce in Prague, Budínova 67/2, CZ-18081 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Jilich
- Department of Infectious, Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Hospital Na Bulovce, Budínova 67/ 2, CZ-18081 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vencálek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science of the Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-77146 Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic ; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic ; Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), F-13273 Marseille, France ; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille Univ., F-13284 Marseille, France ; CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Chenine AL, Wieczorek L, Sanders-Buell E, Wesberry M, Towle T, Pillis DM, Molnar S, McLinden R, Edmonds T, Hirsch I, O’Connell R, McCutchan FE, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Kim JH, Polonis VR, Tovanabutra S. Impact of HIV-1 backbone on neutralization sensitivity: neutralization profiles of heterologous envelope glycoproteins expressed in native subtype C and CRF01_AE backbone. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76104. [PMID: 24312165 PMCID: PMC3843658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Standardized assays to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy are critical for the development of protective HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. Here we describe two IMCs derived from subtypes C and CRF01_AE HIV-1 primary isolates expressing LucR (IMC.LucR) that were engineered to express heterologous gp160 Envs. 18 constructs expressing various subtypes C and CRF01_AE Envs, mostly acute, in subtype-matched and -unmatched HIV backbones were tested for functionality and neutralization sensitivity. Our results suggest a possible effect of non-env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès-Laurence Chenine
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maggie Wesberry
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa Towle
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Pillis
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert McLinden
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tara Edmonds
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Inserm UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Robert O’Connell
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - John C. Kappes
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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27
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Zona L, Lupberger J, Sidahmed-Adrar N, Thumann C, Harris HJ, Barnes A, Florentin J, Tawar RG, Xiao F, Turek M, Durand SC, Duong FHT, Heim MH, Cosset FL, Hirsch I, Samuel D, Brino L, Zeisel MB, Le Naour F, McKeating JA, Baumert TF. HRas signal transduction promotes hepatitis C virus cell entry by triggering assembly of the host tetraspanin receptor complex. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:302-13. [PMID: 23498955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry is dependent on coreceptor complex formation between the tetraspanin superfamily member CD81 and the tight junction protein claudin-1 (CLDN1) on the host cell membrane. The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR acts as a cofactor for HCV entry by promoting CD81-CLDN1 complex formation via unknown mechanisms. We identify the GTPase HRas, activated downstream of EGFR signaling, as a key host signal transducer for EGFR-mediated HCV entry. Proteomic analysis revealed that HRas associates with tetraspanin CD81, CLDN1, and the previously unrecognized HCV entry cofactors integrin β1 and Ras-related protein Rap2B in hepatocyte membranes. HRas signaling is required for lateral membrane diffusion of CD81, which enables tetraspanin receptor complex assembly. HRas was also found to be relevant for entry of other viruses, including influenza. Our data demonstrate that viruses exploit HRas signaling for cellular entry by compartmentalization of entry factors and receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Zona
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Virologie, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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28
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Stranska R, Florentin J, Dental C, Aouar B, Gondois-Rey F, Durantel D, Baumert TF, Nunes JA, Olive D, Hirsch I. Hepatitis C virus fails to activate NF-kappaB signaling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3360348 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s1-o5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Lafont E, Lhermitte L, Chandesris M, Hirsch I, Guichard I, Durieu I, Rétornaz F, Hamidou M, Barete S, Lortholary O, Hermine O, Georgin-Lavialle S. Flushs sans urticaire pigmentaire au cours de la mastocytose systémique : étude de 9 cas. Rev Med Interne 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Gondois-Rey F, Granjeaud S, Kieu SLT, Herrera D, Hirsch I, Olive D. Multiparametric cytometry for exploration of complex cellular dynamics. Cytometry A 2012; 81:332-42. [PMID: 22278900 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of polychromatic cytometry has contributed to significant progress in the field of human immunology. Although numerous functional studies of rare cell populations have been performed using this technology, here we used polychromatic cytometry to explore the dynamics of complex cellular systems implicated in innate immunity. We used PBMC stimulated with live influenza virus as an experimental model. We studied the time course of activation of PBMC, which contain DC, monocytes, and NK cells, all of which are, in addition to their innate immune properties, susceptible to Flu infection. We developed 12 color panels to investigate intracellular expression of IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-γ, CD107, and influenza virus nucleoprotein simultaneously in these cell populations. These panels allowed reproducible determination of activation markers induced in DC after their direct exposure to various stimulations or in NK cells by indirect DC-mediated activation within the complex cellular environment. The ability to use a low number of cells and reduced quantities of reagents permitted us to perform kinetic experiments. The power of polychromatic cytometry associated with bioinformatic tools allowed us to analyze the multiple functional data generated as dynamic clustering maps. These maps present a readily understandable view of activation events induced in different populations of PBMC. In addition, it reveals new information on the coordination of the complex pathways induced and on the cellular interactions that sustained indirect DC-mediated NK cell activation. Our work shows that polychromatic cytometry is a tool for discoveries in unexplored complex cell systems, at the crossroads of immunology and virology. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, France.
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31
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Bozzano F, Picciotto A, Costa P, Marras F, Fazio V, Hirsch I, Olive D, Moretta L, De Maria A. Activating NK cell receptor expression/function (NKp30, NKp46, DNAM-1) during chronic viraemic HCV infection is associated with the outcome of combined treatment. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2905-14. [PMID: 21695691 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Specific NK cell killer inhibitory receptor (KIR):HLA haplotype combinations have been associated with successful clearance of acute and chronic HCV infection. Whether an imbalance of activating NK cell receptors also contributes to the outcome of treatment of chronic HCV infection, however, is not known. We studied peripheral NK cell phenotype and function in 28 chronically viraemic HCV genotype I treatment-naïve patients who underwent treatment with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. At baseline, chronically infected patients with sustained virological response (SVR) had reduced CD56(bright) CD16(+/-) cell populations, increased CD56(dull) CD16(+) NK cell proportions, and lower expression of NKp30, DNAM-1, and CD85j. Similarly, reduced NK cell IFN-γ production but increased degranulation was observed among nonresponding (NR) patients. After treatment, CD56(bright) CD16(+/-) NK cell numbers increased in both SVR and NR patients, with a parallel significant increase in activating NKp30 molecule densities in SVR patients only. In vitro experiments using purified NK cells in the presence of rIL-2 and IFN-α confirmed upregulation of NKp30 and also of NKp46 and DNAM-1 in patients with subsequent SVR. Thus, differences in patient NK cell receptor expression and modulation during chronic HCV-1 infection are associated with subsequent outcome of standard treatment. Individual activating receptor expression/function integrates with KIR:HLA genotype carriage to determine the clearance of HCV infection upon treatment.
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32
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Van Driessche B, Colin L, Guiguen A, Vanhulle C, Blazkova J, Cardona C, Merimi M, Nuttinck M, Twizere JC, Kettmann R, Portetelle D, Burny A, Hirsch I, Rohr O, Van Lint C. DNA cytosine methylation in the Bovine Leukemia Virus promoter is associated with latency in a Lymphoma-derived B-cell line : potential involvement of direct inhibition of CREB/CREM/ATF binding. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3112738 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s1-a27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Messal N, Mamessier E, Sylvain A, Celis-Gutierrez J, Thibult ML, Chetaille B, Firaguay G, Pastor S, Guillaume Y, Wang Q, Hirsch I, Nunès JA, Olive D. Differential role for CD277 as a co-regulator of the immune signal in T and NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3443-54. [PMID: 21918970 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human butyrophilin (BTN) 3 or CD277 molecules belong to the B7 family members and are expressed in various immune cells such as T and NK cells. Here, we show that CD277 triggering considerably enhances TCR-induced cytokine production and cell proliferation, even when another co-stimulatory molecule, CD28, is engaged. These CD277-induced additive functional effects are in accordance with the detection of early T-cell activation events such as TCR-induced cell signaling being increased upon CD277 engagement. However, we found that CD277 triggering is not involved in CD16- or NKp46-induced NK cell activation. BTN3/CD277 comprises three structurally related members, BTN3A1, BTN3A2 and BTN3A3. CD277 antibodies recognize all isoforms and we describe a differential expression of BTN3 isoforms between T and NK cells that could explain differential CD277 functions between T and NK cells. Our results show that, while T cells express all BTN3/CD277 transcripts, NK cells express mostly BTN3A2, which lacks the B30.2 intracellular domain. Furthermore, NKp30-induced cytokine production is decreased by the specific engagement of BTN3A2, but not by BTN3A1 triggering. Thus, we provide new insights into the CD277 co-stimulatory pathway that may differentially participate in the regulation of various cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Messal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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34
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Olive D, le Thi S, Xerri L, Hirsch I, A. Nunès J. Rôle de CTLA-4 dans la cosignalisation négative du système immunitaire. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:842-9. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20112710012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Trejbalová K, Blazková J, Matousková M, Kucerová D, Pecnová L, Vernerová Z, Herácek J, Hirsch I, Hejnar J. Epigenetic regulation of transcription and splicing of syncytins, fusogenic glycoproteins of retroviral origin. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:8728-39. [PMID: 21771862 PMCID: PMC3203578 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Syncytin-1 and -2, human fusogenic glycoproteins encoded by the env genes of the endogenous retroviral loci ERVWE1 and ERVFRDE1, respectively, contribute to the differentiation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast in chorionic villi. In non-trophoblastic cells, however, the expression of syncytins has to be suppressed to avoid potential pathogenic effects. We studied the epigenetic suppression of ERVWE1 and ERVFRDE1 5′-long terminal repeats by DNA methylation and chromatin modifications. Immunoprecipitation of the provirus-associated chromatin revealed the H3K9 trimethylation at transcriptionally inactivated syncytins in HeLa cells. qRT-PCR analysis of non-spliced ERVWE1 and ERVFRDE1 mRNAs and respective env mRNAs detected efficient splicing of endogenously expressed RNAs in trophoblastic but not in non-placental cells. Pointing to the pathogenic potential of aberrantly expressed syncytin-1, we have found deregulation of transcription and splicing of the ERVWE1 in biopsies of testicular seminomas. Finally, ectopic expression experiments suggest the importance of proper chromatin context for the ERVWE1 splicing. Our results thus demonstrate that cell-specific retroviral splicing represents an additional epigenetic level controling the expression of endogenous retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trejbalová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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36
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Brichacek B, Vanpouille C, Kiselyeva Y, Biancotto A, Merbah M, Hirsch I, Lisco A, Grivel JC, Margolis L. Contrasting roles for TLR ligands in HIV-1 pathogenesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12831. [PMID: 20862220 PMCID: PMC2942834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first line of a host's response to various pathogens is triggered by their engagement of cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Binding of microbial ligands to these receptors leads to the induction of a variety of cellular factors that alter intracellular and extracellular environment and interfere directly or indirectly with the life cycle of the triggering pathogen. Such changes may also affect any coinfecting microbe. Using ligands to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 5 and 9, we examined their effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication in lymphoid tissue ex vivo. We found marked differences in the outcomes of such treatment. While flagellin (TLR5 agonist) treatment enhanced replication of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR 5)-tropic and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-tropic HIV-1, treatment with oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) M362 (TLR9 agonist) suppressed both viral variants. The differential effects of these TLR ligands on HIV-1 replication correlated with changes in production of CC chemokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and of CXC chemokines CXCL10, and CXCL12 in the ligand-treated HIV-1-infected tissues. The nature and/or magnitude of these changes were dependent on the ligand as well as on the HIV-1 viral strain. Moreover, the tested ligands differed in their ability to induce cellular activation as evaluated by the expression of the cluster of differentiation markers (CD) 25, CD38, CD39, CD69, CD154, and human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA)-DR as well as of a cell proliferation marker, Ki67, and of CCR5. No significant effect of the ligand treatment was observed on apoptosis and cell death/loss in the treated lymphoid tissue ex vivo. Our results suggest that binding of microbial ligands to TLRs is one of the mechanisms that mediate interactions between coinfected microbes and HIV-1 in human tissues. Thus, the engagement of appropriate TLRs by microbial molecules or their mimetic might become a new strategy for HIV therapy or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beda Brichacek
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Program in Physical Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Hirsch I, Caux C, Hasan U, Bendriss-Vermare N, Olive D. Impaired Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 signaling: from chronic viral infections to cancer. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:391-7. [PMID: 20832362 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human papillomavirus type 16 cause persistent infections that frequently precede cancer development. Virions of these viruses are weak inducers of interferon-α and impair Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 function. Loss of TLR9 responsiveness also occurs in tumors without viral etiology such as breast, ovary, and head and neck carcinomas. Recent reports have suggested that viruses and components of the tumor microenviroment interact with regulatory receptors on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to impair TLR7 and TLR9 signaling, and to downregulate TLR9 gene expression. The limited responsiveness of pDCs might contribute to reduced innate immune responses during chronic viral infections and oncogenesis, and represent a target for new therapeutic approaches based on TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hirsch
- INSERM UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Leï Roure, 13273 Marseille, France.
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38
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Serriari NE, Gondois-Rey F, Guillaume Y, Remmerswaal EBM, Pastor S, Messal N, Truneh A, Hirsch I, van Lier RAW, Olive D. B and T lymphocyte attenuator is highly expressed on CMV-specific T cells during infection and regulates their function. J Immunol 2010; 185:3140-8. [PMID: 20693422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), like its relative programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), is a receptor that negatively regulates murine T cell activation. However, its expression and function on human T cells is currently unknown. We report in this study on the expression of BTLA in human T cell subsets as well as its regulation on virus-specific T cells during primary human CMV infection. BTLA is expressed on human CD4(+) T cells during different stages of differentiation, whereas on CD8(+) T cells, it is found on naive T cells and is progressively downregulated in memory and differentiated effector-type cells. During primary CMV infection, BTLA was highly induced on CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells immediately following their differentiation from naive cells. After control of CMV infection, BTLA expression went down on memory CD8(+) cells. Engagement of BTLA by mAbs blocked CD3/CD28-mediated T cell proliferation and Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Finally, in vitro blockade of the BTLA pathway augmented, as efficient as anti-PD-1 mAbs, allogeneic as well as CMV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Thus, our results suggest that, like PD-1, BTLA provides a potential target for enhancing the functional capacity of CTLs in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer-Eddine Serriari
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 891, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Université de Méditerranée, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 137, Marseille, France
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39
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Hejnar J, Hirsch I. Reactivation of HIV-1 latent reservoir by an inhibitor of H3K9me2 methyl transferase G9a. Epigenomics 2010; 2:506-507. [PMID: 22232790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- INSERM UMR891, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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41
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Pierard V, Guiguen A, Colin L, Wijmeersch G, Vanhulle C, Van Driessche B, Dekoninck A, Blazkova J, Cardona C, Merimi M, Vierendeel V, Calomme C, Nguyên TLA, Nuttinck M, Twizere JC, Kettmann R, Portetelle D, Burny A, Hirsch I, Rohr O, Van Lint C. DNA cytosine methylation in the bovine leukemia virus promoter is associated with latency in a lymphoma-derived B-cell line: potential involvement of direct inhibition of cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-binding protein/CRE modulator/activation transcription factor binding. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19434-49. [PMID: 20413592 PMCID: PMC2885223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral latency represents a viral strategy to escape the host immune system and allow tumor development. Besides the previously demonstrated role of histone deacetylation in the epigenetic repression of BLV expression, we showed here that BLV promoter activity was induced by several DNA methylation inhibitors (such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) and that overexpressed DNMT1 and DNMT3A, but not DNMT3B, down-regulated BLV promoter activity. Importantly, cytosine hypermethylation in the 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR) U3 and R regions was associated with true latency in the lymphoma-derived B-cell line L267 but not with defective latency in YR2 cells. Moreover, the virus-encoded transactivator Tax(BLV) decreased DNA methyltransferase expression levels, which could explain the lower level of cytosine methylation observed in the L267(LTaxSN) 5'-LTR compared with the L267 5'-LTR. Interestingly, DNA methylation inhibitors and Tax(BLV) synergistically activated BLV promoter transcriptional activity in a cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, methylation at the -154 or -129 CpG position (relative to the transcription start site) impaired in vitro binding of CRE-binding protein (CREB) transcription factors to their respective CRE sites. Methylation at -129 CpG alone was sufficient to decrease BLV promoter-driven reporter gene expression by 2-fold. We demonstrated in vivo the recruitment of CREB/CRE modulator (CREM) and to a lesser extent activating transcription factor-1 (ATF-1) to the hypomethylated CRE region of the YR2 5'-LTR, whereas we detected no CREB/CREM/ATF recruitment to the hypermethylated corresponding region in the L267 cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that site-specific DNA methylation of the BLV promoter represses viral transcription by directly inhibiting transcription factor binding, thereby contributing to true proviral latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pierard
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Allan Guiguen
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laurence Colin
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Wijmeersch
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vanhulle
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoît Van Driessche
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ann Dekoninck
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jana Blazkova
- the Institut de Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 599 INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université de la Méditerranée, Boulevard Lei Roure 27, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Cardona
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- the Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vierendeel
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Claire Calomme
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Thi Liên-Anh Nguyên
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michèle Nuttinck
- the Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue du Maréchal Juin 6, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium, and
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- the Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue du Maréchal Juin 6, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium, and
| | - Richard Kettmann
- the Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue du Maréchal Juin 6, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium, and
| | - Daniel Portetelle
- the Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue du Maréchal Juin 6, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium, and
| | - Arsène Burny
- the Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Avenue du Maréchal Juin 6, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium, and
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- the Institut de Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 599 INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université de la Méditerranée, Boulevard Lei Roure 27, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- the Institut Universitaire de Technologie Louis Pasteur de Schiltigheim, University of Strasbourg, 1 Allée d'Athènes, 67300 Schiltigheim, France
| | - Carine Van Lint
- From the Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Florentin J, Dental C, Firaguay G, Gondois-Rey F, Soumelis V, Baumert TF, Nunès JA, Olive D, Hirsch I. Highjacking of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Hepatitis C virus in TLR9-activated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Retrovirology 2010. [PMCID: PMC3316107 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-s1-p7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Blazkova J, Trejbalova K, Gondois-Rey F, Philippe H, Patrick P, Verdin E, Olive D, van Lint C, Hejnar J, Hirsch I. CpG methylation controls reactivation of HIV from latency. Retrovirology 2010. [PMCID: PMC3316039 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-s1-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gondois-Rey F, Herrera D, Olive D, Hirsch I. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis of innate responses following in vitro interaction of PBMC with Hepatitis C virus. Retrovirology 2010. [PMCID: PMC3316029 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-s1-p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Blazkova J, Trejbalova K, Gondois-Rey F, Halfon P, Philibert P, Guiguen A, Verdin E, Olive D, Van Lint C, Hejnar J, Hirsch I. CpG methylation controls reactivation of HIV from latency. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000554. [PMID: 19696893 PMCID: PMC2722084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation of retroviral promoters and enhancers localized in the provirus 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) is considered to be a mechanism of transcriptional suppression that allows retroviruses to evade host immune responses and antiretroviral drugs. However, the role of DNA methylation in the control of HIV-1 latency has never been unambiguously demonstrated, in contrast to the apparent importance of transcriptional interference and chromatin structure, and has never been studied in HIV-1-infected patients. Here, we show in an in vitro model of reactivable latency and in a latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected patients that CpG methylation of the HIV-1 5' LTR is an additional epigenetic restriction mechanism, which controls resistance of latent HIV-1 to reactivation signals and thus determines the stability of the HIV-1 latency. CpG methylation acts as a late event during establishment of HIV-1 latency and is not required for the initial provirus silencing. Indeed, the latent reservoir of some aviremic patients contained high proportions of the non-methylated 5' LTR. The latency controlled solely by transcriptional interference and by chromatin-dependent mechanisms in the absence of significant promoter DNA methylation tends to be leaky and easily reactivable. In the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals without detectable plasma viremia, we found HIV-1 promoters and enhancers to be hypermethylated and resistant to reactivation, as opposed to the hypomethylated 5' LTR in viremic patients. However, even dense methylation of the HIV-1 5'LTR did not confer complete resistance to reactivation of latent HIV-1 with some histone deacetylase inhibitors, protein kinase C agonists, TNF-alpha, and their combinations with 5-aza-2deoxycytidine: the densely methylated HIV-1 promoter was most efficiently reactivated in virtual absence of T cell activation by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. Tight but incomplete control of HIV-1 latency by CpG methylation might have important implications for strategies aimed at eradicating HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Blazkova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Department of Virology, Alphabio Laboratory, Marseilles, France
| | - Patrick Philibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Marseilles, France
| | - Allan Guiguen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jiri Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Gondois-Rey F, Dental C, Halfon P, Baumert TF, Olive D, Hirsch I. Hepatitis C virus is a weak inducer of interferon alpha in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in comparison with influenza and human herpesvirus type-1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4319. [PMID: 19183807 PMCID: PMC2629532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are responsible for the production of type I IFN during viral infection. Viral elimination by IFN-α-based therapy in more than 50% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) suggests a possible impairment of production of endogenous IFN-α by pDCs in infected individuals. In this study, we investigated the impact of HCV on pDC function. We show that exposure of pDCs to patient serum- and cell culture-derived HCV resulted in production of IFN-α by pDCs isolated from some donors, although this production was significantly lower than that induced by influenza and human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1). Using specific inhibitors we demonstrate that endocytosis and endosomal acidification were required for IFN-α production by pDCs in response to cell culture-derived HCV. HCV and noninfectious HCV-like particles inhibited pDC-associated production of IFN-α stimulated with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists (CpG-A or HHV-1) but not that of IFN-α stimulated with TLR7 agonists (resiquimod or influenza virus). The blockade of TLR9-mediated production of IFN-α, effective only when pDCs were exposed to virus prior to or shortly after CpG-A stimulation, was already detectable at the IFN-α transcription level 2 h after stimulation with CpG-A and correlated with down-regulation of the transcription factor IRF7 expression and of TLR9 expression. In conclusion, rapidly and early occurring particle–host cell protein interaction during particle internalization and endocytosis followed by blockade of TLR9 function could result in less efficient sensing of HCV RNA by TLR7, with impaired production of IFN-α. This finding is important for our understanding of HCV-DC interaction and immunopathogenesis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Clélia Dental
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Department of Virology, Alphabio Laboratory, Marseille, France
| | | | - Daniel Olive
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Kaufman Y, Hirsch I, Ostrovsky L, Klein O, Pizov R, Lissak A. Pain Relief by Continous Intraperitoneal Nebulization of Ropivacaine during Gynecological Laparoscopic Procedures – A Prospective Randomized Study and Review of the Literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2008.09.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Olive D, Rey J, Collette Y, Carcopino X, Hirsch I. Cancer et agents pathogènes. Med Mal Infect 2008; 38 Suppl 2:S45-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(08)72987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Biancotto A, Iglehart SJ, Vanpouille C, Condack CE, Lisco A, Ruecker E, Hirsch I, Margolis LB, Grivel JC. HIV-1 induced activation of CD4+ T cells creates new targets for HIV-1 infection in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo. Blood 2007; 111:699-704. [PMID: 17909079 PMCID: PMC2200839 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate mechanisms by which HIV-1 appears to facilitate its own infection in ex vivo-infected human lymphoid tissue. In this system, HIV-1 readily infects various CD4+ T cells, but productive viral infection was supported predominantly by activated T cells expressing either CD25 or HLA-DR or both (CD25/HLA-DR) but not other activation markers: There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.64, P=.001) between virus production and the number of CD25+/HLA-DR+ T cells. HIV-1 infection of lymphoid tissue was associated with activation of both HIV-1-infected and uninfected (bystanders) T cells. In these tissues, apoptosis was selectively increased in T cells expressing CD25/HLA-DR and p24gag but not in cells expressing either of these markers alone. In the course of HIV-1 infection, there was a significant increase in the number of activated (CD25+/HLA-DR+) T cells both infected and uninfected (bystander). By inducing T cells to express particular markers of activation that create new targets for infection, HIV-1 generates in ex vivo lymphoid tissues a vicious destructive circle of activation and infection. In vivo, such self-perpetuating cycle could contribute to HIV-1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Biancotto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a significant complication of therapeutic drug use. As ist can imitate nearly all hepatopathies, the diagnosis of drug-induced liver disease is difficult. Most often, it is a diagnosis of exclusion. The following morphological changes are known, dependent on the target cell type: acute and chronic hepatitis, granuloma formation, and fatty liver disease, cholestatic type acute and chronic liver damage with or without inflammation,or mixed forms of liver injury. Portal or perisinusoidal fibrosis can occur following each type of liver damage. Vascular changes or neoplasms are rare. Drug induced liver injuries are more likely induced by type B damage, which is not expected and cannot be reproduced in animal testing. Type A damage, which is known from toxicity assays, is less likely. A specific therapeutic regime is not available. Therefore, early recognition and cessation of the use of the drug is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-U Kasper
- Institut für Pathologie am Clemenshospital, Medical-Center-Düesbergweg 128, 48153, Münster, and Institut für Pathologie, Universität zu Köln, Germany.
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