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Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kovtun AS, Slezina MP, Odintsova TI. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Defense-Related Peptides of Filipendula ulmaria in Response to Bipolaris sorokiniana Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:258. [PMID: 38667929 PMCID: PMC11050963 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides play an essential role in plant development and immunity. Filipendula ulmaria, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant which exhibits valuable pharmacological properties. F. ulmaria extracts in vitro inhibit the growth of a variety of plant and human pathogens. The role of peptides in defense against pathogens in F. ulmaria remains unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the repertoire of antimicrobial (AMPs) and defense-related signaling peptide genes expressed by F. ulmaria in response to infection with Bipolaris sorokiniana using RNA-seq. Transcriptomes of healthy and infected plants at two time points were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq500 platform and de novo assembled. A total of 84 peptide genes encoding novel putative AMPs and signaling peptides were predicted in F. ulmaria transcriptomes. They belong to known, as well as new, peptide families. Transcriptional profiling in response to infection disclosed complex expression patterns of peptide genes and identified both up- and down-regulated genes in each family. Among the differentially expressed genes, the vast majority were down-regulated, suggesting suppression of the immune response by the fungus. The expression of 13 peptide genes was up-regulated, indicating their possible involvement in triggering defense response. After functional studies, the encoded peptides can be used in the development of novel biofungicides and resistance inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Tatyana V. Korostyleva
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Alexey S. Kovtun
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina P. Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Tatyana I. Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
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Slezina MP, Odintsova TI. Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: Insights into Structure-Function Relationships for Practical Applications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3674-3704. [PMID: 37185763 PMCID: PMC10136942 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short polypeptide molecules produced by multicellular organisms that are involved in host defense and microbiome preservation. In recent years, AMPs have attracted attention as novel drug candidates. However, their successful use requires detailed knowledge of the mode of action and identification of the determinants of biological activity. In this review, we focused on structure-function relationships in the thionins, α-hairpinins, hevein-like peptides, and the unique Ib-AMP peptides isolated from Impatiens balsamina. We summarized the available data on the amino acid sequences and 3D structure of peptides, their biosynthesis, and their biological activity. Special attention was paid to the determination of residues that play a key role in the activity and the identification of the minimal active cores. We have shown that even subtle changes in amino acid sequences can affect the biological activity of AMPs, which opens up the possibility of creating molecules with improved properties, better therapeutic efficacy, and cheaper large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Slezina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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Singh R, Chaudhary M, Chauhan ES. Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellaria media Linn., a member of the family Caryophyllaceae, is generally known by the name of Chickweed. This plant is extensively cultivated globally and is inherent to Africa, Asia, China, Europe, and North America. It is a well-known medicinal plant with immense therapeutic uses. Nutritional studies have revealed the presence of protein, especially 16 amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. Phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, isoflavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and anthraquinone are present in chickweed. It has multiple therapeutic potentials like anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, anti-anxiety, and toxicity profiles. The crude extracts and their metabolites did not show any toxicity in the experimental animal. This review summarizes the nutritional, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity studies on this plant concerning its future use in pharmacological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Singh
- Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India
| | - Mansi Chaudhary
- Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India
| | - Ekta Singh Chauhan
- Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India
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Loo S, Tay SV, Kam A, Lee W, Tam JP. Hololectin Interdomain Linker Determines Asparaginyl Endopeptidase-Mediated Maturation of Antifungal Hevein-Like Peptides in Oats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899740. [PMID: 35620686 PMCID: PMC9127739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heveins and hevein-containing (hev-) lectins play important roles in stress and pathogenic responses in plants but cause health concerns in humans. Hev-hololectins contain multiple modular hev-peptide domains and are abundantly present in cereals and pseudocereals. However, it is unclear why some cereal hev-hololectins are presented as different forms of proteolytically processed proteoforms. Here we show the precursor architectures of hev-hololectins lead to different processing mechanisms to give either hololectins or hevein-like peptides. We used mass spectrometry and datamining to screen hev-peptides from common cereals, and identified from the oat plant Avena sativa nine novel hevein-like peptides, avenatide aV1-aV9. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) can be responsible for the maturation of the highly homologous avenatides from five oat hev-hololectin precursors, each containing four tandemly repeating, hev-like avenatide domains connected by AEP-susceptible linkers with 13-16 residues in length. Further analysis of cereal hev-hololectins showed that the linker lengths provide a distinguishing feature between their cleavable and non-cleavable precursors, with the cleavables having considerably longer linkers (>13 amino acids) than the non-cleavables (<6 amino acids). A detailed study of avenatide aV1 revealed that it contains eight cysteine residues which form a structurally compact, metabolic-resistant cystine-knotted framework with a well-defined chitin-binding site. Antimicrobial assays showed that avenatide aV1 is anti-fungal and inhibits the growth of phyto-pathogenic fungi. Together, our findings of cleavable and non-cleavable hololectins found in cereals expand our knowledge to their biosynthesis and provide insights for hololectin-related health concerns in human.
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Weber KC, Mahmoud LM, Stanton D, Welker S, Qiu W, Grosser JW, Levy A, Dutt M. Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime ( Citrus australasica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019295. [PMID: 36340410 PMCID: PMC9634478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) is tolerant to Huanglongbing (HLB; Citrus greening). This species can be utilized to develop HLB tolerant citrus cultivars through conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches. In this report, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data following a non-choice infection assay to understand the CaLas tolerance mechanisms in the finger lime. After filtering 3,768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2,396 were downregulated and 1,372 were upregulated in CaLas-infected finger lime compared to CaLas-infected HLB-susceptible 'Valencia' sweet orange. Comparative analyses revealed several DEGs belonging to cell wall, β-glucanase, proteolysis, R genes, signaling, redox state, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, secondary metabolites, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins categories. Our results indicate that the finger lime has evolved specific redox control systems to mitigate the reactive oxygen species and modulate the plant defense response. We also identified candidate genes responsible for the production of Cys-rich secretory proteins and Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1-like) proteins that are highly upregulated in infected finger lime relative to noninfected and infected 'Valencia' sweet orange. Additionally, the anatomical analysis of phloem and stem tissues in finger lime and 'Valencia' suggested better regeneration of phloem tissues in finger lime in response to HLB infection. Analysis of callose formation following infection revealed a significant difference in the production of callose plugs between the stem phloem of CaLas+ 'Valencia' sweet orange and finger lime. Understanding the mechanism of resistance will help the scientific community design strategies to protect trees from CaLas infection and assist citrus breeders in developing durable HLB tolerant citrus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Weber
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Stacy Welker
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Wenming Qiu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Manjul Dutt,
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Genes Involved in Plant Defense Response to the Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Infection. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101064. [PMID: 34685435 PMCID: PMC8541684 DOI: 10.3390/life11101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved a complex multilayered defense system to counteract various invading pathogens during their life cycle. In addition to silencing, considered to be a major molecular defense response against viruses, different signaling pathways activated by phytohormones trigger the expression of secondary metabolites and proteins preventing virus entry and propagation. In this study, we explored the response of cucumber plants to one of the global pathogens, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), which causes severe symptoms on leaves and fruits. The inbred line of Cucumis sativus L., which is highly susceptible to CGMMV, was chosen for inoculation. Transcriptomes of infected plants at the early and late stages of infection were analyzed in comparison with the corresponding transcriptomes of healthy plants using RNA-seq. The changes in the signaling pathways of ethylene and salicylic and jasmonic acids, as well as the differences in silencing response and expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and transcription factors, were revealed. The results show that silencing was strongly suppressed in infected plants, while the salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were induced. The genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and the genes involved in the jasmonic acid pathway changed their expression insignificantly. It was also found that WRKY and NAC were the most sensitive to CGMMV infection among the transcription factors detected.
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Anti-Fungal Hevein-like Peptides Biosynthesized from Quinoa Cleavable Hololectins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195909. [PMID: 34641455 PMCID: PMC8512870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-binding hevein-like peptides (CB-HLPs) belong to a family of cysteine-rich peptides that play important roles in plant stress and defense mechanisms. CB-HLPs are ribosomally synthesized peptides that are known to be bioprocessed from the following two types of three-domain CB-HLP precursor architectures: cargo-carrying and non-cargo-carrying. Here, we report the identification and characterization of chenotides biosynthesized from the third type of precursors, which are cleavable hololectins of the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) family. Chenotides are 6-Cys-CB-HLPs of 29–31 amino acids, which have a third type of precursor architecture that encompasses a canonical chitin-binding domain that is involved in chitin binding and anti-fungal activities. Microbroth dilution assays and microscopic analyses showed that chenotides are effective against phyto-pathogenic fungi in the micromolar range. Structure determination revealed that chenotides are cystine knotted and highly compact, which could confer resistance against heat and proteolytic degradation. Importantly, chenotides are connected by a novel 18-residue Gly/Ala-rich linker that is a target for bioprocessing by cathepsin-like endopeptidases. Taken together, our findings reveal that chenotides are a new family of CB-HLPs from quinoa that are synthesized as a single multi-modular unit and bioprocessed to yield individual mature CB-HLPs. Importantly, such precursors constitute a new family of cleavable hololectins. This unusual feature could increase the biosynthetic efficiency of anti-fungal CB-HLPs, to provide an evolutionary advantage for plant survival and reproduction.
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Beliaev DV, Yuorieva NO, Tereshonok DV, Tashlieva II, Derevyagina MK, Meleshin AA, Rogozhin EA, Kozlov SA. High Resistance of Potato to Early Blight Is Achieved by Expression of the Pro-SmAMP1 Gene for Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides from Common Chickweed ( Stellaria media). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071395. [PMID: 34371598 PMCID: PMC8309211 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the common chickweed Stellaria media, two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), SmAMP1.1a and SmAMP1.2a, have been shown to be proteolytically released as products of the expression of a single gene, proSmAMP1. In this study, the gene proSmAMP1 was introduced into two potato varieties, Zhukovsky ranny and Udacha. These early-maturing varieties were shown to be susceptible to early blight caused by Alternaria spp. Most transgenic lines of either variety having strong expression of the target gene demonstrated high levels of resistance to Alternaria spp. during three years of cultivation, but did not otherwise differ from the initial varieties. Disease severity index (DSI) was introduced as a complex measure of plant susceptibility to early blight, taking into account the diameter of lesions caused by the Alternaria spp., the fungus sporulation intensity and its incubation period duration. Across all transgenic lines, the DSI inversely correlated both with the target gene expression and the copy number in the plant genome. Our results are promising for improving the resistance of potato and other crops to early blight by expression of AMPs from wild plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Beliaev
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.B.); (N.O.Y.); (D.V.T.); (I.I.T.)
| | - Natalia O. Yuorieva
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.B.); (N.O.Y.); (D.V.T.); (I.I.T.)
| | - Dmitry V. Tereshonok
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.B.); (N.O.Y.); (D.V.T.); (I.I.T.)
| | - Ilina I. Tashlieva
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.B.); (N.O.Y.); (D.V.T.); (I.I.T.)
| | | | - Alexei A. Meleshin
- Russian Potato Research Center, 140052 Kraskovo, Russia; (M.K.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St.-Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
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Sahoo A, Swain SS, Behera A, Sahoo G, Mahapatra PK, Panda SK. Antimicrobial Peptides Derived From Insects Offer a Novel Therapeutic Option to Combat Biofilm: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661195. [PMID: 34248873 PMCID: PMC8265172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms form a complex layer with defined structures, that attach on biotic or abiotic surfaces, are tough to eradicate and tend to cause some resistance against most antibiotics. Several studies confirmed that biofilm-producing bacteria exhibit higher resistance compared to the planktonic form of the same species. Antibiotic resistance factors are well understood in planktonic bacteria which is not so in case of biofilm producing forms. This may be due to the lack of available drugs with known resistance mechanisms for biofilms. Existing antibiotics cannot eradicate most biofilms, especially of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). Insects produce complex and diverse set of chemicals for survival and defense. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced by most insects, generally have a broad spectrum of activity and the potential to bypass the resistance mechanisms of classical antibiotics. Besides, AMPs may well act synergistically with classical antibiotics for a double-pronged attack on infections. Thus, AMPs could be promising alternatives to overcome medically important biofilms, decrease the possibility of acquired resistance and treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens including ESKAPE. The present review focuses on insect-derived AMPs with special reference to anti-biofilm-based strategies. It covers the AMP composition, pathways and mechanisms of action, the formation of biofilms, impact of biofilms on human diseases, current strategies as well as therapeutic options to combat biofilm with antimicrobial peptides from insects. In addition, the review also illustrates the importance of bioinformatics tools and molecular docking studies to boost the importance of select bioactive peptides those can be developed as drugs, as well as suggestions for further basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences, SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology & NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayusman Behera
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
| | - Gunanidhi Sahoo
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
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Slezina MP, Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kovtun AS, Kasianov AS, Konopkin AA, Shcherbakova LA, Odintsova TI. Molecular Insights into the Role of Cysteine-Rich Peptides in Induced Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Infection in Tomato Based on Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115741. [PMID: 34072144 PMCID: PMC8198727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) play an important role in plant physiology. However, their role in resistance induced by biogenic elicitors remains poorly understood. Using whole-genome transcriptome sequencing and our CRP search algorithm, we analyzed the repertoire of CRPs in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection and elicitors from F. sambucinum. We revealed 106 putative CRP transcripts belonging to different families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), signaling peptides (RALFs), and peptides with non-defense functions (Major pollen allergen of Olea europaea (Ole e 1 and 6), Maternally Expressed Gene (MEG), Epidermal Patterning Factor (EPF)), as well as pathogenesis-related proteins of families 1 and 4 (PR-1 and 4). We discovered a novel type of 10-Cys-containing hevein-like AMPs named SlHev1, which was up-regulated both by infection and elicitors. Transcript profiling showed that F. oxysporum infection and F. sambucinum elicitors changed the expression levels of different overlapping sets of CRP genes, suggesting the diversification of functions in CRP families. We showed that non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) and snakins mostly contribute to the response of tomato plants to the infection and the elicitors. The involvement of CRPs with non-defense function in stress reactions was also demonstrated. The results obtained shed light on the mode of action of F. sambucinum elicitors and the role of CRP families in the immune response in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P. Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Tatyana V. Korostyleva
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexey S. Kovtun
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artem S. Kasianov
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Konopkin
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Larisa A. Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana I. Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, da Rosa G, Radío S, Barraco-Vega M, Benko-Iseppon AM, Dans PD, Smircich P, Cecchetto G. Antimicrobial peptides in the seedling transcriptome of the tree legume Peltophorum dubium. Biochimie 2020; 180:229-242. [PMID: 33197551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an essential role in plant defense against invading pathogens. Due to their biological properties, these molecules have been considered useful for drug development, as novel agents in disease therapeutics, applicable to both agriculture and medicine. New technologies of massive sequencing open opportunities to discover novel AMP encoding genes in wild plant species. This work aimed to identify cysteine-rich AMPs from Peltophorum dubium, a legume tree from South America. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of P. dubium seedlings followed by de novo transcriptome assembly, uncovering 78 AMP transcripts classified into five families: hevein-like, lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs), alpha hairpinins, defensins, and snakin/GASA (Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis) peptides. No transcripts with similarity to cyclotide or thionin genes were identified. Genomic DNA analysis by PCR confirmed the presence of 18 genes encoding six putative defensins and 12 snakin/GASA peptides and allowed the characterization of their exon-intron structure. The present work demonstrates that AMP prediction from a wild species is possible using RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly, regarding a starting point for studies focused on AMP gene evolution and expression. Moreover, this study allowed the detection of strong AMP candidates for drug development and novel biotechnological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay.
| | - Gabriela da Rosa
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Santiago Radío
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. MEC - Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Mariana Barraco-Vega
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235. CEP 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República. General Fructuoso Rivera 1350, Laboratorio Genética Funcional, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Mataojo 2020, Salto 50000, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. MEC - Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias - Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay.
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12
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Dos Santos-Silva CA, Zupin L, Oliveira-Lima M, Vilela LMB, Bezerra-Neto JP, Ferreira-Neto JR, Ferreira JDC, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Pires CDJ, Aburjaile FF, de Oliveira MF, Kido EA, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: State of the Art, In Silico Prediction and Perspectives in the Omics Era. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220952739. [PMID: 32952397 PMCID: PMC7476358 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220952739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even before the perception or interaction with pathogens, plants rely on constitutively guardian molecules, often specific to tissue or stage, with further expression after contact with the pathogen. These guardians include small molecules as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), generally cysteine-rich, functioning to prevent pathogen establishment. Some of these AMPs are shared among eukaryotes (eg, defensins and cyclotides), others are plant specific (eg, snakins), while some are specific to certain plant families (such as heveins). When compared with other organisms, plants tend to present a higher amount of AMP isoforms due to gene duplications or polyploidy, an occurrence possibly also associated with the sessile habit of plants, which prevents them from evading biotic and environmental stresses. Therefore, plants arise as a rich resource for new AMPs. As these molecules are difficult to retrieve from databases using simple sequence alignments, a description of their characteristics and in silico (bioinformatics) approaches used to retrieve them is provided, considering resources and databases available. The possibilities and applications based on tools versus database approaches are considerable and have been so far underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Genetic Immunology laboratory, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Diogo Cavalcanti Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Pesqueira, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ederson Akio Kido
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Genetic Immunology laboratory, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Odintsova TI, Slezina MP, Istomina EA. Defensins of Grasses: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071029. [PMID: 32664422 PMCID: PMC7407236 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass family (Poaceae) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, growing in all climatic zones of all continents, which includes species of exceptional economic importance. The high adaptability of grasses to adverse environmental factors implies the existence of efficient resistance mechanisms that involve the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Of plant AMPs, defensins represent one of the largest and best-studied families. Although wheat and barley seed γ-thionins were the first defensins isolated from plants, the functional characterization of grass defensins is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the characterized defensins from cultivated and selected wild-growing grasses. For each species, isolation of defensins or production by heterologous expression, peptide structure, biological activity, and structure–function relationship are described, along with the gene expression data. We also provide our results on in silico mining of defensin-like sequences in the genomes of all described grass species and discuss their potential functions. The data presented will form the basis for elucidation of the mode of action of grass defensins and high adaptability of grasses to environmental stress and will provide novel potent molecules for practical use in medicine and agriculture.
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14
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Slavokhotova AA, Rogozhin EA. Defense Peptides From the α-Hairpinin Family Are Components of Plant Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32391035 PMCID: PMC7191063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity represents a sophisticated system, including both basal and inducible mechanisms, to prevent pathogen infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the innate immunity components playing a key role in effective and rapid response against various pathogens. This review is devoted to a small family of defense peptides called α-hairpinins. The general characters of the family, as well as the individual features of each member, including biological activities, structures of precursor proteins, and spatial structures, are described. Possible applications of α-hairpinin peptides in drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Slavokhotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Shelenkov A, Slavokhotova A, Odintsova T. Predicting Antimicrobial and Other Cysteine-Rich Peptides in 1267 Plant Transcriptomes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020060. [PMID: 32032999 PMCID: PMC7168108 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a key component of innate immunity in various organisms including bacteria, insects, mammals, and plants. Their mode of action decreases the probability of developing resistance in pathogenic organisms, which makes them a promising object of study. However, molecular biology methods for searching for AMPs are laborious and expensive, especially for plants. Earlier, we developed a computational pipeline for identifying potential AMPs based on the cysteine motifs they usually possess. Since most motifs are too species-specific, a wide-scale screening of novel data is required to maintain the accuracy of searching algorithms. We have performed a search for potential AMPs in 1267 plant transcriptomes using our pipeline. On average, 50–150 peptides were revealed in each transcriptome. The data was verified by a BLASTp search in nr database to confirm peptide functions and by using random nucleotide sequences to estimate the fraction of erroneous predictions. The datasets obtained will be useful both for molecular biologists investigating AMPs in various organisms and for bioinformaticians developing novel algorithms of motif searching in transcriptomic and genomic sequences. The results obtained will represent a good reference point for future investigations in the fields mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shelenkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Novogireevskaya str. 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Tatyana Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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16
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Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins in Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.: Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling in Response to Pathogens and Resistance Inducers. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040221. [PMID: 31694319 PMCID: PMC6963497 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) represent a family of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) implicated in diverse physiological processes. However, their role in induced resistance (IR) triggered by non-pathogenic fungal strains and their metabolites is poorly understood. In this work, using RNA-seq data and our AMP search pipeline, we analyzed the repertoire of nsLTP genes in the wheat Triticum kiharae and studied their expression in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection and treatment with the intracellular metabolites of Fusarium sambucinum FS-94. A total of 243 putative nsLTPs were identified, which were classified into five structural types and characterized. Expression analysis showed that 121 TkLTPs including sets of paralogs with identical mature peptides displayed specific expression patters in response to different treatments pointing to their diverse roles in resistance development. We speculate that upregulated nsLTP genes are involved in protection due to their antimicrobial activity or signaling functions. Furthermore, we discovered that in IR-displaying plants, a vast majority of nsLTP genes were downregulated, suggesting their role as negative regulators of immune mechanisms activated by the FS-94 elicitors. The results obtained add to our knowledge of the role of nsLTPs in IR and provide candidate molecules for genetic engineering of crops to enhance disease resistance.
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17
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Odintsova TI, Slezina MP, Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kasianov AS, Kovtun AS, Makeev VJ, Shcherbakova LA, Kudryavtsev AM. Defensin-like peptides in wheat analyzed by whole-transcriptome sequencing: a focus on structural diversity and role in induced resistance. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6125. [PMID: 30643692 PMCID: PMC6329339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the main components of the plant innate immune system. Defensins represent the most important AMP family involved in defense and non-defense functions. In this work, global RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed to explore the diversity of defensin-like (DEFL) genes in the wheat Triticum kiharae and to study their role in induced resistance (IR) mediated by the elicitor metabolites of a non-pathogenic strain FS-94 of Fusarium sambucinum. Using a combination of two pipelines for DEFL mining in transcriptome data sets, as many as 143 DEFL genes were identified in T. kiharae, the vast majority of them represent novel genes. According to the number of cysteine residues and the cysteine motif, wheat DEFLs were classified into ten groups. Classical defensins with a characteristic 8-Cys motif assigned to group 1 DEFLs represent the most abundant group comprising 52 family members. DEFLs with a characteristic 4-Cys motif CX{3,5}CX{8,17}CX{4,6}C named group 4 DEFLs previously found only in legumes were discovered in wheat. Within DEFL groups, subgroups of similar sequences originated by duplication events were isolated. Variation among DEFLs within subgroups is due to amino acid substitutions and insertions/deletions of amino acid sequences. To identify IR-related DEFL genes, transcriptional changes in DEFL gene expression during elicitor-mediated IR were monitored. Transcriptional diversity of DEFL genes in wheat seedlings in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, FS-94 elicitors, and the combination of both (elicitors + fungus) was demonstrated, with specific sets of up- and down-regulated DEFL genes. DEFL expression profiling allowed us to gain insight into the mode of action of the elicitors from F. sambucinum. We discovered that the elicitors up-regulated a set of 24 DEFL genes. After challenge inoculation with F. oxysporum, another set of 22 DEFLs showed enhanced expression in IR-displaying seedlings. These DEFLs, in concert with other defense molecules, are suggested to determine enhanced resistance of elicitor-pretreated wheat seedlings. In addition to providing a better understanding of the mode of action of the elicitors from FS-94 in controlling diseases, up-regulated IR-specific DEFL genes represent novel candidates for genetic transformation of plants and development of pathogen-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina P Slezina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Istomina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Artem S Kasianov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kovtun
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vsevolod J Makeev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa A Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia
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18
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Shelenkov AA, Slavokhotova AA, Odintsova TI. Cysmotif Searcher Pipeline for Antimicrobial Peptide Identification in Plant Transcriptomes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1424-1432. [PMID: 30482154 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the new Cysmotif searcher pipeline for identification of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the most important components of innate immunity, in plant transcriptomes. Cysmotif searcher reveals and classifies short cysteine-rich amino acid sequences containing an open reading frame and a signal peptide cleavage site. Due to the combination of various search methods, Cysmotif searcher allows to obtain the most complete repertoire of AMPs for one or more transcriptomes in a short amount of time. The pipeline performance is estimated on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and nine other plants, including cultivated and wild species. The obtained results are compared to the existing annotation (A. thaliana) and results of conventional homology search (other plants). The comparison is carried out for known families of plant AMPs and newly discovered peptides that could not be assigned to existing families. The applicability of Cysmotif searcher in detecting new AMPs is discussed, and some practical recommendations on the pipeline usage for end users are given. The Cysmotif searcher pipeline is free for academic use and can be downloaded from Github (http://github.com/fallandar/cysmotifsearcher).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shelenkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 111123, Russia
| | - A A Slavokhotova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - T I Odintsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
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19
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Guo L, Qiu J, Li LF, Lu B, Olsen K, Fan L. Genomic Clues for Crop-Weed Interactions and Evolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1102-1115. [PMID: 30293809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Agronomically critical weeds that have evolved alongside crop species are characterized by rapid adaptation and invasiveness, which can result in an enormous reduction in annual crop yield worldwide. We discuss here recent genome-based research studies on agricultural weeds and crop-weed interactions that reveal several major evolutionary innovations such as de-domestication, interactions mediated by allelochemical secondary metabolites, and parasitic genetic elements that play crucial roles in enhancing weed invasiveness in agricultural settings. We believe that these key studies will guide future research into the evolution of crop-weed interactions, and further the development of practical applications in agricultural weed control and crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jie Qiu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin-Feng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baorong Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kenneth Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Rogozhin E, Ryazantsev D, Smirnov A, Zavriev S. Primary Structure Analysis of Antifungal Peptides from Cultivated and Wild Cereals. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030074. [PMID: 30213105 PMCID: PMC6160967 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal-derived bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity have been poorly explored compared to those from dicotyledonous plants. Furthermore, there are a few reports addressing the structural differences between antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from cultivated and wild cereals, which may shed light on significant varieties in the range and level of their antimicrobial activity. We performed a primary structure analysis of some antimicrobial peptides from wild and cultivated cereals to find out the features that are associated with the much higher antimicrobial resistance characteristic of wild plants. In this review, we identified and analyzed the main parameters determining significant antifungal activity. They relate to a high variability level in the sequences of C-terminal fragments and a high content of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the biologically active defensins in wild cereals, in contrast to AMPs from cultivated forms that usually exhibit weak, if any, activity. We analyzed the similarity of various physicochemical parameters between thionins and defensins. The presence of a high divergence on a fixed part of any polypeptide that is close to defensins could be a determining factor. For all of the currently known hevein-like peptides of cereals, we can say that the determining factor in this regard is the structure of the chitin-binding domain, and in particular, amino acid residues that are not directly involved in intermolecular interaction with chitin. The analysis of amino acid sequences of alpha-hairpinins (hairpin-like peptides) demonstrated much higher antifungal activity and more specificity of the peptides from wild cereals compared with those from wheat and corn, which may be associated with the presence of a mini cluster of positively charged amino acid residues. In addition, at least one hydrophobic residue may be responsible for binding to the components of fungal cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Plant Protection Timiryazev Russian Agricultural University, ul. Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Zavriev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Cui X, Du J, Li J, Wang Z. Inhibitory site of α-hairpinin peptide from tartary buckwheat has no effect on its antimicrobial activities. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:408-416. [PMID: 29509838 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are known to play important roles in the innate host defense mechanisms of most living organisms. Protease inhibitors from plants potently inhibit the growth of a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, there are excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, an antimicrobial peptide derived from tartary buckwheat seeds (FtAMP) was obtained by gene cloning, expression and purification, which exhibited inhibitory activity toward trypsin. Furthermore, the relationship between the antimicrobial and inhibitory activities of FtAMP was investigated. Two mutants (FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F) were generated through site-directed mutagenesis. Inhibitory activity analysis showed that both FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F lost trypsin-inhibitory activity. However, FtAMP-R21A and FtAMP-R21F showed novel inhibitory activities against elastase and α-chymotrypsin, respectively, suggesting that Arg-21 in the inhibitory site loop is specific for the inhibitory activity of FtAMP against trypsin. Antimicrobial assays showed that all three peptides exhibited strong antifungal activity against Trichoderma koningii, Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium oxysporum. These results showed that the changes in FtAMP inhibitory site have no effect on their antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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22
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Slavokhotova AA, Shelenkov AA, Andreev YA, Odintsova TI. Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides of Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523064 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides represent one of the evolutionarily oldest innate immunity components providing the first line of host defense to pathogen attacks. This review is dedicated to a small, currently actively studied family of hevein-like peptides that can be found in various monocot and dicot plants. The review thoroughly describes all known peptides belonging to this family including data on their structures, functions, and antimicrobial activity. The main features allowing to assign these peptides to a separate family are given, and the specific characteristics of each peptide are described. Further, the mode of action for hevein-like peptides, their role in plant immune system, and the applications of these molecules in biotechnology and medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Slavokhotova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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23
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Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Rozhmina TA, Novakovskiy RO, Snezhkina AV, Fedorova MS, Yurkevich OY, Muravenko OV, Bolsheva NL, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. Differential gene expression in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:253. [PMID: 29297347 PMCID: PMC5751779 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a crop plant used for fiber and oil production. Although potentially high-yielding flax varieties have been developed, environmental stresses markedly decrease flax production. Among biotic stresses, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini is recognized as one of the most devastating flax pathogens. It causes wilt disease that is one of the major limiting factors for flax production worldwide. Breeding and cultivation of flax varieties resistant to F. oxysporum is the most effective method for controlling wilt disease. Although the mechanisms of flax response to Fusarium have been actively studied, data on the plant response to infection and resistance gene candidates are currently very limited. RESULTS The transcriptomes of two resistant and two susceptible flax cultivars with respect to Fusarium wilt, as well as two resistant BC2F5 populations, which were grown under control conditions or inoculated with F. oxysporum, were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Genes showing changes in expression under F. oxysporum infection were identified in both resistant and susceptible flax genotypes. We observed the predominant overexpression of numerous genes that are involved in defense response. This was more pronounced in resistant cultivars. In susceptible cultivars, significant downregulation of genes involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis was observed in response to F. oxysporum. In the resistant genotypes, upregulation of genes related to NAD(P)H oxidase activity was detected. Upregulation of a number of genes, including that encoding beta-1,3-glucanase, was significantly greater in the cultivars and BC2F5 populations resistant to Fusarium wilt than in susceptible cultivars in response to F. oxysporum infection. CONCLUSIONS Using high-throughput sequencing, we identified genes involved in the early defense response of L. usitatissimum against the fungus F. oxysporum. In response to F. oxysporum infection, we detected changes in the expression of pathogenesis-related protein-encoding genes and genes involved in ROS production or related to cell wall biogenesis. Furthermore, we identified genes that were upregulated specifically in flax genotypes resistant to Fusarium wilt. We suggest that the identified genes in resistant cultivars and BC2F5 populations showing induced expression in response to F. oxysporum infection are the most promising resistance gene candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute for Flax, Torzhok, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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