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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Integration of selective sweeps across the sheep genome: understanding the relationship between production and adaptation traits. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:40. [PMID: 38773423 PMCID: PMC11106937 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock populations are under constant selective pressure for higher productivity levels for different selective purposes. This pressure results in the selection of animals with unique adaptive and production traits. The study of genomic regions associated with these unique characteristics has the potential to improve biological knowledge regarding the adaptive process and how it is connected to production levels and resilience, which is the ability of an animal to adapt to stress or an imbalance in homeostasis. Sheep is a species that has been subjected to several natural and artificial selective pressures during its history, resulting in a highly specialized species for production and adaptation to challenging environments. Here, the data from multiple studies that aim at mapping selective sweeps across the sheep genome associated with production and adaptation traits were integrated to identify confirmed selective sweeps (CSS). RESULTS In total, 37 studies were used to identify 518 CSS across the sheep genome, which were classified as production (147 prodCSS) and adaptation (219 adapCSS) CSS based on the frequency of each type of associated study. The genes within the CSS were associated with relevant biological processes for adaptation and production. For example, for adapCSS, the associated genes were related to the control of seasonality, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. On the other hand, genes associated with prodCSS were related to the control of feeding behaviour, reproduction, and cellular differentiation. In addition, genes harbouring both prodCSS and adapCSS showed an interesting association with lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role of this process in the regulation of pleiotropic effects between these classes of traits. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic link between productivity and adaptability in sheep breeds. This information may provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie undesirable genetic correlations between these two groups of traits and pave the way for a better understanding of resilience as a positive ability to respond to environmental stressors, where the negative effects on production level are minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A S Fonseca
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Juan J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain.
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2
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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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3
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Dakic T, Velickovic K, Lakic I, Ruzicic A, Milicevic A, Plackic N, Vujovic P, Jevdjovic T. Rat brown adipose tissue thermogenic markers are modulated by estrous cycle phases and short-term fasting. Biofactors 2024; 50:101-113. [PMID: 37482913 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) converts chemical energy into heat to maintain body temperature. Although fatty acids (FAs) represent a primary substrate for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis, BAT also utilizes glucose for the same purpose. Considering that estrous cycle effects on BAT are not greatly explored, we examined those of 6-h fasting on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers in proestrus and diestrus. We found that the percentage of multilocular adipocytes was lower in proestrus than in diestrus, although it was increased after fasting in both analyzed estrous cycle stages. Furthermore, the percentage of paucilocular adipocytes was increased by fasting, unlike the percentage of unilocular cells, which decreased in both analyzed stages of the estrous cycle. The UCP1 amount was lower in proestrus irrespectively of the examined dietary regimens. Regarding FA transporters, it was shown that iBAT CD36 content was increased in fasted rats in diestrus. In contrast to GLUT1, the level of GLUT4 was interactively modulated by selected estrous cycle phases and fasting. There was no change in insulin receptor and ERK1/2 activation, while AKT activation was interactively modulated by fasting and estrous cycle stages. Our study showed that iBAT exhibits morphological and functional changes in proestrus and diestrus. Moreover, iBAT undergoes additional dynamic functional and morphological changes during short-term fasting to modulate nutrient utilization and adjust energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Velickovic
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute for Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ruzicic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Milicevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Plackic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Coulter AA, Greenway FL, Zhang D, Ghosh S, Coulter CR, James SL, He Y, Cusimano LA, Rebello CJ. Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148954. [PMID: 37143734 PMCID: PMC10153092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes. Retinoic acid is an RXR ligand metabolized from dietary carotenoids. The carotenoid β-carotene reduces adiposity and insulin resistance in clinical trials. Our goal was to examine if carotenoids strengthen the beneficial effects of naringenin on human adipocyte metabolism. Methods Human preadipocytes from donors with obesity were differentiated in culture and treated with 8µM naringenin + 2µM β-carotene (NRBC) for seven days. Candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism were measured as well as hormone-stimulated lipolysis. Results We found that β-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to boost UCP1 and glucose metabolism genes including GLUT4 and adiponectin, compared to naringenin alone. Protein levels of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARγ-coactivator-1α, key modulators of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity, were also upregulated after treatment with NRBC. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted and the bioinformatics analyses of the data revealed that NRBC induced enzymes for several non-UCP1 pathways for energy expenditure including triglyceride cycling, creatine kinases, and Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 (PM20D1). A comprehensive analysis of changes in receptor expression showed that NRBC upregulated eight receptors that have been linked to lipolysis or thermogenesis including the β1-adrenergic receptor and the parathyroid hormone receptor. NRBC increased levels of triglyceride lipases and agonist-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. We observed that expression of RXRγ, an isoform of unknown function, was induced ten-fold after treatment with NRBC. We show that RXRγ is a coactivator bound to the immunoprecipitated PPARγ protein complex from white and beige human adipocytes. Discussion There is a need for obesity treatments that can be administered long-term without side effects. NRBC increases the abundance and lipolytic response of multiple receptors for hormones released after exercise and cold exposure. Lipolysis provides the fuel for thermogenesis, and these observations suggest that NRBC has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Adjunct Faculty, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cathryn R. Coulter
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarah L. James
- Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Luke A. Cusimano
- Cusimano Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Candida J. Rebello
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Kim DH, Kim HJ, Seong JK. UCP2 KO mice exhibit ameliorated obesity and inflammation induced by high-fat diet feeding. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35725013 PMCID: PMC9623237 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) was first introduced as a member of Uncoupling protein family and a regulator of ROS formation; however, its role in adipose tissue is not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Diet-induced obesity is closely related to macrophage infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages surround adipocytes and form a crown-like-structure (CLS). Some reports have suggested that CLS formation requires adipocyte apoptosis. After 12 weeks of HFD challenge, Ucp2 knockout (KO) mice maintained relatively lean phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In eWAT, macrophage infiltration, CLS formation, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in HFD KO mice compared to HFD WT mice. Surprisingly, we found that apoptotic signals were also reduced in the Ucp2 KO mice. Our study suggests that Ucp2 deficiency may prevent diet-induced obesity by regulating adipocyte apoptosis. However, Ucp2 deficiency did not affect the browning capacity of iWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-885-8395; Fax: +82-2-885-8397; E-mail:
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6
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Murakami Y, Fujita Y, Fushiki H. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of an 18F-labeled Oleate Analog to Image Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation in the Absence of Metabolic Defluorination. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:495-502. [PMID: 36220956 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key parameter for evaluating cardiovascular, oncologic, neurologic, and other metabolic diseases. Several single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed to measure FAO. Among these, 18-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate ([18F]FTO), first developed by DeGrado et al., is well characterized. Here, we synthesized several analogs of [18F]FTO to improve the metabolic stability of the C-18F bond, and preliminarily evaluated their performance in monkey PET studies. PROCEDURES Several secondary 18F-fluorinated analogs, 17-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (17-[18F]FTO), 15-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (15-[18F]FTO), 12-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (12-[18F]FTO), 7-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate, (7-[18F]FTO, [18F]AS3504073-00), and 6-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (6-[18F]FTO), were synthesized from tosylate or bromide precursors using similar procedures. Nucleophilic 18F fluorination on each precursor was performed using [18F]tetrabutylammonium fluoride/tetrabutylammonium hydrocarbonate, followed by hydrolysis of methylester. All synthesized 18F-labeled compounds were administered to cynomolgus monkeys, and PET measurements were performed. From the monkey PET studies, 7-[18F]FTO was selected as the best tracer and used to perform preliminary evaluations in mice. RESULTS All five compounds had sufficient quality and stability for animal experiments. In monkey PET studies, 12-, 7-, and 6-[18F]FTO showed greater accumulation in the heart than [18F]FTO, but not 17- and 15-[18F]FTO. Only 7-[18F]FTO did not show significant accumulation in the bone. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) for 12-[18F]FTO, 7-[18F]FTO, and 6-[18F]FTO were 9.77, 9.26, and 7.25 in the heart, and 3.17, n.d., and 1.96 in the bone 1 h after administration, respectively. In mouse distribution studies, SUVs 1 h after administration of 7-[18F]FTO and [18F]FTO were 10.4 and 10.0 in the heart, and 0.37 and 3.48 in the femur, respectively. Administration of etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, reduced SUVs of 7-[18F]FTO and [18F]FTO in the heart by 91% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel PET tracer 7-[18F]FTO/[18F]AS3504073-00 for FAO imaging. 7-[18F]FTO had an excellent PET tracer profile, suggesting it may be a useful tracer for FAO imaging. Further evaluations of the tracer are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Astellas Pharma, Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fushiki
- Astellas Pharma, Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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7
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Guzman S, Dragan M, Kwon H, de Oliveira V, Rao S, Bhatt V, Kalemba KM, Shah A, Rustgi VK, Wang H, Bech PR, Abbara A, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Manousou P, Guo JY, Guo GL, Radovick S, Dhillo WS, Wondisford FE, Babwah AV, Bhattacharya M. Targeting hepatic kisspeptin receptor ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145889. [PMID: 35349482 PMCID: PMC9106350 DOI: 10.1172/jci145889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, has become a silent worldwide pandemic. The incidence of NAFLD correlates with the rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. A hallmark featureof NAFLD is excessive hepatic fat accumulation or steatosis, due to dysregulated hepatic fat metabolism, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat this disease. Here, we have found that activation of the kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) signaling pathway has therapeutic effects in NAFLD. Using high-fat diet-fed mice, we demonstrated that a deletion of hepatic Kiss1r exacerbated hepatic steatosis. In contrast, enhanced stimulation of KISS1R protected against steatosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice and decreased fibrosis using a diet-induced mouse model of NASH. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic KISS1R signaling activates the master energy regulator, AMPK, to thereby decrease lipogenesis and progression to NASH. In patients with NAFLD and in high-fat diet-fed mice, hepatic KISS1/KISS1R expression and plasma kisspeptin levels were elevated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to reduce triglyceride synthesis. These findings establish KISS1R as a therapeutic target to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | | | - Shivani Rao
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Vinod K. Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul R. Bech
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine and
| | | | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Y. Guo
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Andy V. Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Vilela VR, Samson N, Nachbar R, Perazza LR, Lachance G, Rokatoarivelo V, Centano-Baez C, Zancan P, Sola-Penna M, Bellmann K, Di Marzo V, Laplante M, Marette A. Adipocyte-specific Nos2 deletion improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia through brown fat activation in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101437. [PMID: 35033724 PMCID: PMC8802131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2) is a well documented inflammatory mediator of insulin resistance in obesity. NOS2 expression is induced in both adipocytes and macrophages within adipose tissue during high-fat (HF)-induced obesity. METHODS Eight week old male mice with adipocyte selective deletion of the Nos2 gene (Nos2AD-KO) and their wildtype littermates (Nos2fl/fl) were subjected to chow or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 10 weeks followed by metabolic phenotyping and determination of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. The direct impact of NO on BAT mitochondrial respiration was also assessed in brown adipocytes. RESULTS Here, we show that HFHS-fed Nos2AD-KO mice had improved insulin sensitivity as compared to Nos2fl/fl littermates. Nos2AD-KO mice were also protected from HF-induced dyslipidemia and exhibited increased energy expenditure compared to Nos2fl/fl mice. This was linked to activation of BAT in HFHS-fed Nos2AD-KO mice as shown by increased Ucp1 and Ucp2 gene expression and augmented respiratory capacity of BAT mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by NO, or upon cytokine-induced NOS2 activation, but improved by NOS2 inhibition in brown adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a key role for adipocyte NOS2 in the development of obesity-linked insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, partly through NO dependent inhibition of BAT mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Renato Nachbar
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Lia Rossi Perazza
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lachance
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Volatiana Rokatoarivelo
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Carolina Centano-Baez
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Patricia Zancan
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND)
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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9
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Yan S, Kumari M, Xiao H, Jacobs C, Kochumon S, Jedrychowski M, Chouchani E, Ahmad R, Rosen ED. IRF3 reduces adipose thermogenesis via ISG15-mediated reprogramming of glycolysis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144888. [PMID: 33571167 DOI: 10.1172/jci144888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose thermogenesis is repressed in obesity, reducing the homeostatic capacity to compensate for chronic overnutrition. Inflammation inhibits adipose thermogenesis, but little is known about how this occurs. Here we showed that the innate immune transcription factor IRF3 is a strong repressor of thermogenic gene expression and oxygen consumption in adipocytes. IRF3 achieved this by driving expression of the ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15, which became covalently attached to glycolytic enzymes, thus reducing their function and decreasing lactate production. Lactate repletion was able to restore thermogenic gene expression, even when the IRF3/ISG15 axis was activated. Mice lacking ISG15 phenocopied mice lacking IRF3 in adipocytes, as both had elevated energy expenditure and were resistant to diet-induced obesity. These studies provide a deep mechanistic understanding of how the chronic inflammatory milieu of adipose tissue in obesity prevents thermogenic compensation for overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manju Kumari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mark Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Comas F, de Jager V, Fernández-Real JM, Bouma HR. Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Inflammation Without Any Impact on Expression of Thermogenic-Related Genes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692618. [PMID: 34322037 PMCID: PMC8313297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The negative effects of chronic low-level inflammation on adipose tissue physiology have been extensively demonstrated, whereas the effects of acute inflammation are less studied. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis-induced acute inflammation on gene expression markers of brown and white adipose tissue functionality. Methods: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and perirenal white adipose tissue (prWAT) gene expression markers were analyzed in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mice model. Results: CLP-induced sepsis attenuated expression of adipogenesis-related genes, in parallel to increased Tnf, Il6, and Ltf gene expression in prWAT. In contrast, CLP-induced sepsis resulted in increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Il6, Ltf, and Lbp) in BAT, without affecting expression of genes encoding for thermogenic activity. Conclusion: Sepsis promotes both prWAT and BAT inflammation, associated with reduced adipogenesis-related gene expression in prWAT, without significant effects on BAT thermogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta" and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta" and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), Girona, Spain
| | - Vincent de Jager
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Hospital of Girona "Dr Josep Trueta" and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Ahmad SF, Mehrotra A, Charles S, Ganai NA. Analysis of selection signatures reveals important insights into the adaptability of high-altitude Indian sheep breed Changthangi. Gene 2021; 799:145809. [PMID: 34224833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Changthangi is a high-altitude sheep breed of India that is adapted to cold and hypoxic climate of Himalayas. In the present study, we analysed population structure of Changthangi and contrasted it with selected Indian and European commercial sheep breeds to detect genomic regions under positive selection. The Illumina OvineSNP50v1 genotype data on 292 animals from seven different sheep breeds i.e., Changthangi (n = 29), Garole (n = 26), Deccani (n = 24), Tibetan (n = 37), Rambouillet (n = 102) and Australian Merino (n = 50) was used. European Mouflon (n = 24) was used as an out-group for studying the stratification and phylogenetic lineage. While the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed Changthangi to cluster with Tibetan sheep; TREEMIX and ADMIXTURE results also detected the introgression of lowland Indian sheep inheritance in Changthangi. Changthangi sheep were compared with other breed groups as reference i.e., commercial (Australian Merino and Rambouillet), Indian (Deccani, Garole and Tibetan) and breeds inhabiting plains (Australian Merino, Rambouillet, Deccani and Garole). Genomic comparisons of Changthangi using cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) showed multiple functional regions present on Ovis aries (Oar) chromosomes 2, 3, 6 and 18 to be under selection in Changthangi sheep. These regions were related with adaptation to climatic and hypoxic stressors, fleece characteristics and functioning of immune and reproductive systems. UCP genes, associated with adaptation to cold and hypoxic conditions, were the main loci under positive selection in Changthangi sheep population. The selection signals in Indian and European commercial sheep breeds were mainly associated with body weight and carcass traits. Furthermore, selection signals found in different comparisons were found to be part of different quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with important traits in different breed classes. The genes present in these regions are suitable candidates for future studies on the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Firdous Ahmad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Arnav Mehrotra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Animal Genomics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sona Charles
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673012, Kerala, India.
| | - Nazir Ahmad Ganai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
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12
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Tournissac M, Vu TM, Vrabic N, Hozer C, Tremblay C, Mélançon K, Planel E, Pifferi F, Calon F. Repurposing beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists for Alzheimer's disease: beneficial effects in a mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:103. [PMID: 34020681 PMCID: PMC8140479 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Old age, the most important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is associated with thermoregulatory deficits. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main thermogenic driver in mammals and its stimulation, through β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists or cold acclimation, counteracts metabolic deficits in rodents and humans. Studies in animal models show that AD neuropathology leads to thermoregulatory deficits, and cold-induced tau hyperphosphorylation is prevented by BAT stimulation through cold acclimation. Since metabolic disorders and AD share strong pathogenic links, we hypothesized that BAT stimulation through a β3AR agonist could exert benefits in AD as well. Methods CL-316,243, a specific β3AR agonist, was administered to the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) and non-transgenic controls from 15 to 16 months of age at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day i.p. Results Here, we show that β3AR agonist administration decreased body weight and improved peripheral glucose metabolism and BAT thermogenesis in both non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice. One-month treatment with a β3AR agonist increased recognition index by 19% in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice compared to pre-treatment (14-month-old). Locomotion, anxiety, and tau pathology were not modified. Finally, insoluble Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was decreased by 27% in the hippocampus of CL-316,243-injected 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that β3AR stimulation reverses memory deficits and shifts downward the insoluble Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. As β3AR agonists are being clinically developed for metabolic disorders, repurposing them in AD could be a valuable therapeutic strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00842-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tra-My Vu
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nika Vrabic
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Clara Hozer
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Koralie Mélançon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Pavillon CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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13
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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14
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Lesmana R, Siannoto M, Nugraha GI, Goenawan H, Feinisa AK, Pratiwi YS, Veronica F, Tarawan VM, Susianti S, Supratman U. Nutmeg extract potentially alters characteristics of white adipose tissue in rats. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:512-520. [PMID: 33389818 PMCID: PMC8025630 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising approach to obesity treatment. During browning, WAT transforms into beige adipose tissue through stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Nutmeg, one of the Indonesian herbs, reportedly has dual roles as a PPARα/γ partial agonist. Even though nutmeg has been traditionally used in body weight reduction, there is limited information regarding the potential role of nutmeg in browning of WAT. Objectives In this study, we explored the effect of nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) as a potential inductor of WAT browning. Methods Twelve male Wistar rats, 5–6 weeks old, were divided into control and nutmeg groups. The rats in nutmeg group were given NuSE for 12 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the rat's inguinal WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected, weighed and stored at − 80°C until use. Results We observed that even though NuSE did not reduce the final body weight, it significantly reduced body weight gain. NuSE also increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) significantly and tended to increase UCP2 and UCP1 levels. Furthermore, NuSE induced macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of inguinal WAT, marked by significantly increased adipocyte numbers and decreased adipocyte size. Conclusions Even though NuSE did not increase UCP1 significantly, it potentially alters inguinal WAT characteristics and leads to browning through PGC‐1α and UCP3 induction. However, UCP3’s specific mechanism in WAT browning remains unclear. Our findings could contribute to obesity treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Siannoto
- Graduate Program of Anti Aging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Gaga I Nugraha
- Division of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Astrid K Feinisa
- Graduate Program of Anti Aging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuni S Pratiwi
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fifi Veronica
- Anatomy Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Vita M Tarawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Susianti Susianti
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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15
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Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem J 2020; 477:1261-1286. [PMID: 32271883 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.
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16
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Wang Z, Ning T, Song A, Rutter J, Wang QA, Jiang L. Chronic cold exposure enhances glucose oxidation in brown adipose tissue. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50085. [PMID: 33043581 PMCID: PMC7645266 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultured brown adipocytes can oxidize glucose in vitro, but it is still not fully clear whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) could completely oxidize glucose in vivo. Although positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) showed a high level of glucose uptake in the activated BAT, the non‐metabolizable 18F‐FDG cannot fully demonstrate intracellular glucose metabolism. Through in vivo [U‐13C]glucose tracing, here we show that chronic cold exposure dramatically activates glucose oxidation in BAT and the browning/beiging subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Specifically, chronic cold exposure enhances glucose flux into the mitochondrial TCA cycle. Metabolic flux analysis models that β3‐adrenergic receptor (β3‐AR) agonist significantly enhances the flux of mitochondrial pyruvate uptake through mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) in the differentiated primary brown adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo MPC inhibition blocks cold‐induced glucose oxidation and impairs body temperature maintenance in mice. Together, mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and oxidation serve an important energy source in the chronic cold exposure activated BAT and beige adipose tissue, which supports a role for glucose oxidation in brown fat thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tinglu Ning
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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17
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Lin HY, Weng SW, Shen FC, Chang YH, Lian WS, Hsieh CH, Chuang JH, Lin TK, Liou CW, Chang CS, Lin CY, Su YJ, Wang PW. Abrogation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mitigates Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Proinflammation, and Insulin Resistance Through Metabolic Reprogramming of Mitochondria in Adipose Tissue. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:66-86. [PMID: 31950846 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Obesity-induced excessive visceral fat (VF) accumulation is associated with insulin resistance (IR), systemic oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. As toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in innate immunity, we herein investigate the effect of TLR4 knockout (T4KO) in a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. Results: C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and T4KO mice were fed with either control diet (CD) or HFD for 12 months, rendering four experimental groups: WT+CD, WT+HFD, T4KO+CD, and T4KO+HFD. Compared with WT+CD, WT+HFD demonstrated significant increase in VF accumulation, oxidative damage, M1/M2 macrophage ratio, chronic inflammation, and development of IR. Compared with WT+HFD, T4KO+HFD presented increased BW and body fat with higher subcutaneous fat (SF)/VF ratio, but lower body temperature, as well as decreased oxidative damage, M1/M2 macrophage ratio, chronic inflammation, and IR. Unlike WT+HFD, T4KO+HFD exhibited an increase in mitochondrial electron transport chain activity but a decrease of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) level. While T4KO hindered HFD-induced increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, a shift toward a higher extracellular acidification rate in VF was observed. Notably, T4KO inhibits HFD-induced mitochondrial translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2), which contributed to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. Both fat distribution shifting from VF to SF and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming may alleviate systemic oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Innovation and Conclusion: Abrogation of TLR4 contributes to reduction of oxidative stress through metabolic reprogramming of mitochondria in VF, mitigating obesity-induced IR. The study provides critical insight into associating innate immunity-mitochondria interplay with prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Medical Research and Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Pediatric Surgery, and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shiang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jih Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine; Departments of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Chen YC, Yu YH. The potential of brown adipogenesis and browning in porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells1. J Anim Sci 2020; 96:3635-3644. [PMID: 29878130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte lineage commitment and differentiation are under complex regulation. Brown adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Whether porcine bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) possess the potential to differentiate into brown adipocytes remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of porcine BM-MSC to differentiate into brown adipocytes and browning of differentiated adipocytes. We found that similar to rodent models, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was able to trigger the commitment of BM-MSC to the brown adipocyte lineage by elevating expression of marker genes, nrf-1, tfam, zic1, and pgc-1α (P < 0.05). The expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, prdm16, dio2, and cidea, was significantly induced (P < 0.05) in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC after hormonal induction of adipogenesis. The UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC were higher than the control group after hormonal induction of adipogenesis, accompanied by increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acute norepinephrine stimulation potentiated brown adipocyte-specific mRNA expression (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes. Similarly, UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels were increased in differentiated adipocytes upon acute norepinephrine stimulation. In addition, mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes after acute norepinephrine exposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that porcine BM-MSC are able to commit to the brown adipocyte lineage and differentiate into brown adipocytes. Differentiated adipocytes derived from porcine BM-MSC have the developmental potential to transdifferentiate into brown-like adipocytes upon norepinephrine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
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19
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Natarajan V, Chawla R, Mah T, Vivekanandan R, Tan SY, Sato PY, Mallilankaraman K. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800404. [PMID: 32131138 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process in living organisms characterized by receding bioenergetics. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular bioenergetics and thus an important contributor to age-related energetics deterioration. In addition, mitochondria play a major role in calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis making this organelle a major cellular component that dictates the fate of a cell. To maintain its quantity and quality, mitochondria undergo multiple processes such as fission, fusion, and mitophagy to eliminate or replace damaged mitochondria. While this bioenergetics machinery is properly protected, the functional decline associated with age and age-related metabolic diseases is mostly a result of failure in such protective mechanisms. In addition, metabolic by-products like reactive oxygen species also aid in this destructive pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction has always been thought to be associated with diseases. Moreover, studies in recent years have pointed out that aging contributes to the decay of mitochondrial health by promoting imbalances in key mitochondrial-regulated pathways. Hence, it is crucial to understand the nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. This review focuses on various aspects of basic mitochondrial biology and its status in aging and age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Natarajan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Ritu Chawla
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Tania Mah
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Rajesh Vivekanandan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shu Yi Tan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Priscila Y Sato
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102-1902, USA
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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20
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Uncoupling protein-2 regulates M1 macrophage infiltration of gingiva with periodontitis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:9-21. [PMID: 32425675 PMCID: PMC7226558 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease accompanied by alveolar bone loss. Moreover, M1 macrophages play a critical role in the development of periodontal disease. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial transporter protein that controls M1 macrophage activation by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the role of UCP2 in M1 macrophage infiltration in gingival tissues with periodontitis. We found that the expression of UCP2 was upregulated in M1 macrophages infiltrating human periodontal tissues with periodontitis. Macrophage-specific knockout of UCP2 could increase the infiltration of macrophage and exacerbate inflammatory response in a mouse gingiva affected with periodontitis, induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS (Pg-LPS) injection. The loss of UCP2 may contribute to the enhanced abilities of proliferation, migration, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and ROS production in Pg-LPS-treated macrophages. Our results indicate that UCP2 has an important role in M1 macrophage polarization in the periodontal tissue with periodontitis. It might be helpful to provide theoretical basis for design of new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
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Pascual-Gamarra JM, Salazar-Tortosa D, Martinez-Tellez B, Labayen I, Rupérez AI, Censi L, Manios Y, Nova E, Gesteiro E, Moreno LA, Meirhaeghe A, Ruiz JR. Association between UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 gene polymorphisms with markers of adiposity in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12504. [PMID: 30659763 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 gene polymorphisms with adiposity markers in European adolescents and to test if there were gene interactions with objectively measured physical activity and adiposity. METHODS A cross-sectional study that involves 1.057 European adolescents (12-18 years old) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study. A total of 18 polymorphisms in UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 genes were genotyped. We measured weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry during 7 days. RESULTS The C allele of the UCP1 rs6536991 polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR]: T/C + C/C vs T/T) = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.98; P = 0.034; false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.048). There was a significant interaction between UCP1 rs2071415 polymorphism and physical activity with waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.006; FDR = 0.026). Adolescents who did not meet the physical activity recommendations (less than 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity) and carrying the C/C genotype had higher waist-to-hip ratio (+ 0.067; 95% CI, 0.028-0.106; P = 0.003), while no differences across genotypes were observed in adolescents meeting the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Two UCP1 polymorphisms were associated with adiposity in European adolescents. Meeting the daily physical activity recommendations may overcome the effect of the UCP1 rs2071415 polymorphism on obesity-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Pascual-Gamarra
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Healththroughphysicalactivity" researchgroup. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Salazar-Tortosa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Healththroughphysicalactivity" researchgroup. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Censi
- Department of Applied Science of Nutrition, CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics)-Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Esther Nova
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento humano, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Healththroughphysicalactivity" researchgroup. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Dep. of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Xu YH, Song QQ, Li C, Hu YT, Song BB, Ye JM, Rao Y, Huang ZS. Bouchardatine suppresses rectal cancer in mice by disrupting its metabolic pathways via activating the SIRT1-PGC-1α-UCP2 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:328-337. [PMID: 31028741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is an attractive target of the therapeutic strategy for cancer. The present study identified bouchardatine (Bou) as a potent suppressor of rectal cancer growth by cycle-arresting independent of apoptosis. In cultured HCT-116 rectal cancer cells, Bou increased glucose uptake/oxidation and capacity of mitochondrial oxidation. These effects were associated with an upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the activation of its upstream Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/(Liver kinase B1) LKB1- (Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) AMPK axis. The pivotal role of UCP2 in the cancer-suppressing effect was demonstrated by overexpressing UCP2 in HCT-116 cells with similar metabolic effects to those produced by Bou. Interestingly, Bou activated peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and recruited it to the promoter of UCP2 in HCT-116 cells along with deacetylation (thus activation) by SIRT1. The requirement of SIRT1 for the cancer-suppressing effect through the PGC-1α-UCP2 was confirmed by the reciprocal responses to Bou in HCT-116 with defected and overexpressed SIRT1. Whereas knockdown, mutation or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 all abolished Bou-induced deacetylation/activation of PGC-1α, the opposing effects were observed after overexpressing SIRT1. In mice, administration of Bou (50 mg/kg) also suppressed the growth of rectal cancer associated with increases the UCP2 expression and mitochondria capacity in the tumor. Collectively, our findings suggest that Bou has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of rectal cancer by disrupting the metabolic path of cancer cells via activating the PGC-1α-UCP2 axis with SIRT1 as its primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qin-Qin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing-Bing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083 Australia
| | - Yong Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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23
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Labbé SM, Caron A, Festuccia WT, Lecomte R, Richard D. Interscapular brown adipose tissue denervation does not promote the oxidative activity of inguinal white adipose tissue in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E815-E824. [PMID: 30153064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is a key controller of energy metabolism. In response to cold or other adrenergic stimuli, brown adipocytes increase their substrate uptake and oxidative activity while uncoupling ATP synthesis from the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Brown adipocytes are found in classic depots such as in the interscapular BAT (iBAT). They can also develop in white adipose tissue (WAT), such as in the inguinal WAT (iWAT), where their presence has been associated with metabolic improvements. We previously reported that the induction of oxidative metabolism in iWAT is low compared with that of iBAT, even after sustained adrenergic stimulation. One explanation to this apparent lack of thermogenic ability of iWAT is the presence of an active iBAT, which may prevent the full activation of iWAT. In this study, we evaluated whether iBAT denervation-induced browning of white fat enhanced the thermogenic activity of iWAT following cold acclimation, under beta-3 adrenergic stimulation (CL 316,243). Following a bilateral denervation of iBAT, we assessed energy balance, evaluated the oxidative activity of iBAT and iWAT using 11C-acetate, and quantified the dynamic glucose uptake of those tissues using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]- fluoro-d-glucose. Our results indicate that despite portraying marked browning and mildly enhanced glucose uptake, iWAT of cold-adapted mice does not exhibit significant oxidative activity following beta-3 adrenergic stimulation in the absence of a functional iBAT. The present results suggest that iWAT is not readily recruitable as a thermogenic organ even when functional iBAT is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et de Radiologie, Centre d'Imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
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24
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Garlid KD, Jabůrek M. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: Subtle Regulators of Cellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:667-714. [PMID: 29351723 PMCID: PMC6071544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are the energetic, metabolic, redox, and information signaling centers of the cell. Substrate pressure, mitochondrial network dynamics, and cristae morphology state are integrated by the protonmotive force Δp or its potential component, ΔΨ, which are attenuated by proton backflux into the matrix, termed uncoupling. The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP1-5) play an eminent role in the regulation of each of the mentioned aspects, being involved in numerous physiological events including redox signaling. Recent Advances: UCP2 structure, including purine nucleotide and fatty acid (FA) binding sites, strongly support the FA cycling mechanism: UCP2 expels FA anions, whereas uncoupling is achieved by the membrane backflux of protonated FA. Nascent FAs, cleaved by phospholipases, are preferential. The resulting Δp dissipation decreases superoxide formation dependent on Δp. UCP-mediated antioxidant protection and its impairment are expected to play a major role in cell physiology and pathology. Moreover, UCP2-mediated aspartate, oxaloacetate, and malate antiport with phosphate is expected to alter metabolism of cancer cells. CRITICAL ISSUES A wide range of UCP antioxidant effects and participations in redox signaling have been reported; however, mechanisms of UCP activation are still debated. Switching off/on the UCP2 protonophoretic function might serve as redox signaling either by employing/releasing the extra capacity of cell antioxidant systems or by directly increasing/decreasing mitochondrial superoxide sources. Rapid UCP2 degradation, FA levels, elevation of purine nucleotides, decreased Mg2+, or increased pyruvate accumulation may initiate UCP-mediated redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Issues such as UCP2 participation in glucose sensing, neuronal (synaptic) function, and immune cell activation should be elucidated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 667-714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Keith D Garlid
- 2 UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Hankir MK, Klingenspor M. Brown adipocyte glucose metabolism: a heated subject. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846404. [PMID: 30135070 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy expending and glucose sink properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT) make it an attractive target for new obesity and diabetes treatments. Despite decades of research, only recently have mechanistic studies started to provide a more complete and consistent picture of how activated brown adipocytes handle glucose. Here, we discuss the importance of intracellular glycolysis, lactate production, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and beta-oxidation for BAT thermogenesis in response to natural (temperature) and artificial (pharmacological and optogenetic) forms of sympathetic nervous system stimulation. It is now clear that together, these metabolic processes in series and in parallel flexibly power ATP-dependent and independent futile cycles in brown adipocytes to impact on whole-body thermal, energy, and glucose balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany .,German Research Foundation Collaborative Research Center in Obesity Mechanisms 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany .,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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26
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Steensels S, Ersoy BA. Fatty acid activation in thermogenic adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:79-90. [PMID: 29793055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Channeling carbohydrates and fatty acids to thermogenic tissues, including brown and beige adipocytes, have garnered interest as an approach for the management of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) is crucial for the maintenance of thermogenesis. Upon cellular fatty acid uptake or following lipolysis from triglycerides (TG), fatty acids are esterified to coenzyme A (CoA) to form active acyl-CoA molecules. This enzymatic reaction is essential for their utilization in β-oxidation and thermogenesis. The activation and deactivation of fatty acids are regulated by two sets of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) and acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT), respectively. The expression levels of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenic tissues will determine the substrate availability for β-oxidation, and consequently the thermogenic capacity. Although the role of the majority of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenesis remains unclear, recent proceedings link the enzymatic activities of ACS and ACOT family members to metabolic disorders and thermogenesis. Elucidating the contributions of specific ACS and ACOT family members to trafficking of fatty acids towards thermogenesis may reveal novel targets for modulating thermogenic capacity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steensels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Chen MZ, Chang JC, Zavala-Solorio J, Kates L, Thai M, Ogasawara A, Bai X, Flanagan S, Nunez V, Phamluong K, Ziai J, Newman R, Warming S, Kolumam G, Sonoda J. FGF21 mimetic antibody stimulates UCP1-independent brown fat thermogenesis via FGFR1/βKlotho complex in non-adipocytes. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1454-1467. [PMID: 29107292 PMCID: PMC5681280 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a potent stimulator of brown fat thermogenesis that improves insulin sensitivity, ameliorates hepatosteatosis, and induces weight loss by engaging the receptor complex comprised of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and the requisite coreceptor βKlotho. Previously, recombinant antibody proteins that activate the FGFR1/βKlotho complex were proposed to act as an FGF21-mimetic; however, in vivo action of these engineered proteins has not been well studied. Methods We investigated the mechanism by which anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody (bFKB1) stimulates thermogenesis in UCP1-expressing brown adipocytes using genetically engineered mice. Anti-FGFR1 agonist antibody was also used to achieve brown adipose tissue restricted activation in transgenic mice. Results Studies with global Ucp1-deficient mice and adipose-specific Fgfr1 deficient mice demonstrated that bFKB1 acts on targets distal to adipocytes and indirectly stimulates brown adipose thermogenesis in a UCP1-independent manner. Using a newly developed transgenic system, we also show that brown adipose tissue restricted activation of a transgenic FGFR1 expressed under the control of Ucp1 promoter does not stimulate energy expenditure. Finally, consistent with its action as a FGF21 mimetic, bFBK1 suppresses intake of saccharin-containing food and alcohol containing water in mice. Conclusions Collectively, we propose that FGFR1/βKlotho targeted therapy indeed mimics the action of FGF21 in vivo and stimulates UCP1-independent brown fat thermogenesis through receptors outside of adipocytes and likely in the nervous system. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody stimulates energy expenditure in Ucp1-deficient mice. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody stimulates energy expenditure in adipocyte-selective Fgfr1-deficient mice. Brown adipocyte restricted activation of transgenic FGFR1 does not stimulate energy expenditure. Anti-FGFR1/βKlotho bispecific antibody mimics FGF21, inducing sweet and alcohol aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Z Chen
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua C Chang
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lance Kates
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minh Thai
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annie Ogasawara
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Bai
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Flanagan
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nunez
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Newman
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junichiro Sonoda
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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