1
|
Yang J, Wang Y, Sun J, Li Y, Zhu R, Yin Y, Wang C, Yin X, Qin L. Metabolome and Transcriptome Association Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Synthesis of Nutrient Composition in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds. Foods 2024; 13:1325. [PMID: 38731698 PMCID: PMC11082971 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds are rich in nutrition, superior to other grains, and have a high market value. However, the biosynthesis mechanisms of protein, starch, and lipid in quinoa grain are still unclear. The objective of this study was to ascertain the nutritional constituents of white, yellow, red, and black quinoa seeds and to employ a multi-omics approach to analyze the synthesis mechanisms of these nutrients. The findings are intended to furnish a theoretical foundation and technical support for the biological breeding of quinoa in China. In this study, the nutritional analysis of white, yellow, red, and black quinoa seeds from the same area showed that the nutritional contents of the quinoa seeds were significantly different, and the protein content increased with the deepening of color. The protein content of black quinoa was the highest (16.1 g/100 g) and the lipid content was the lowest (2.7 g/100 g), among which, linoleic acid was the main fatty acid. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis exhibited that differentially expressed genes were enriched in "linoleic acid metabolism", "unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis", and "amino acid biosynthesis". We mainly identified seven genes involved in starch synthesis (LOC110716805, LOC110722789, LOC110738785, LOC110720405, LOC110730081, LOC110692055, and LOC110732328); five genes involved in lipid synthesis (LOC110701563, LOC110699636, LOC110709273, LOC110715590, and LOC110728838); and nine genes involved in protein synthesis (LOC110710842, LOC110720003, LOC110687170, LOC110716004, LOC110702086, LOC110724454 LOC110724577, LOC110704171, and LOC110686607). The data presented in this study based on nutrient, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses contribute to an enhanced understanding of the genetic regulation of seed quality traits in quinoa, and provide candidate genes for further genetic improvements to improve the nutritional value of quinoa seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Yiyun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Jiayi Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuzhe Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Renbin Zhu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Yongjie Yin
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Chuangyun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Suzhou Selenium Valley Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215100, China;
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.)
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China;
- Suzhou Selenium Valley Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215100, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simpson GA, Rezende IF, da Silva Peixoto A, de Oliveira Soares IB, Barbosa JARG, de Freitas SM, Valadares NF. Crystal structure and interconversion of monomers and domain-swapped dimers of the walnut tree phytocystatin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140975. [PMID: 38056804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological applications of phytocystatins have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in crop protection and improve crop resistance to abiotic stress factors. Cof1 and Wal1 are phytocystatins derived from Coffea arabica and Juglans regia, respectively. These plants hold significant economic value due to coffee's global demand and the walnut tree's production of valuable timber and widely consumed walnuts with culinary and nutritional benefits. The study involved the heterologous expression in E. coli Lemo 21(DE3), purification by immobilized metal ion affinity and size exclusion chromatography, and biophysical characterization of both phytocystatins, focusing on isolating and interconverting their monomers and dimers. The crystal structure of the domain-swapped dimer of Wal1 was determined revealing two domain-swapped dimers in the asymmetric unit, an arrangement reminiscent of the human cystatin C structure. Alphafold models of monomers and Alphafold-Multimer models of domain-swapped dimers of Cof1 and Wal1 were analyzed in the context of the crystal structure. The methodology and data presented here contribute to a deeper understanding of the oligomerization mechanisms of phytocystatins and their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Alvarenga Simpson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabela Fernandes Rezende
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alencar da Silva Peixoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sônia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Napoleão Fonseca Valadares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Gong T, Kong X, Sun J, Liu L. XYLEM CYSTEINE PEPTIDASE 1 and its inhibitor CYSTATIN 6 regulate pattern-triggered immunity by modulating the stability of the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:471-488. [PMID: 37820743 PMCID: PMC10827322 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after pathogen infection to successfully activate immune responses. During pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), ROS are primarily generated by the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD). RBOHD is degraded in the resting state to avoid inappropriate ROS production; however, the enzyme mediating RBOHD degradation and how to prevent RBOHD degradation after pathogen infection is unclear. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) vacuole-localized papain-like cysteine protease, XYLEM CYSTEINE PEPTIDASE 1 (XCP1), and its inhibitor CYSTATIN 6 (CYS6). Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced ROS burst and resistance were enhanced in the xcp1 mutant but were compromised in the cys6 mutant, indicating that XCP1 and CYS6 oppositely regulate PTI responses. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that CYS6 interacts with XCP1 and depends on XCP1 to enhance PTI. Further experiments showed that XCP1 interacts with RBOHD and accelerates RBOHD degradation in a vacuole-mediated manner. CYS6 inhibited the protease activity of XCP1 toward RBOHD, which is critical for RBOHD accumulation upon pathogen infection. As CYS6, XCP1, and RBOHD are conserved in all plant species tested, our findings suggest the existence of a conserved strategy to precisely regulate ROS production under different conditions by modulating the stability of RBOHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangjiu Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernandes CJDC, Cassiano AFB, Henrique-Silva F, Cirelli JA, de Souza EP, Coaguila-Llerena H, Zambuzzi WF, Faria G. Recombinant sugarcane cystatin CaneCPI-5 promotes osteogenic differentiation. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102157. [PMID: 37451011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine proteases orchestrate bone remodeling, and are inhibited by cystatins. In reinforcing our hypothesis that exogenous and naturally obtained inhibitors of cysteine proteases (cystatins) act on bone remodeling, we decided to challenge osteoblasts with sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) for up to 7 days. To this end, we investigated molecular issues related to the decisive, preliminary stages of osteoblast biology, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Our data showed that CaneCPI-5 negatively modulates both cofilin phosphorylation at Ser03, and the increase in cytoskeleton remodeling during the adhesion mechanism, possibly as a prerequisite to controlling cell proliferation and migration. This is mainly because CaneCPI-5 also caused the overexpression of the CDK2 gene, and greater migration of osteoblasts. Extracellular matrix remodeling was also evaluated in this study by investigating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities. Our data showed that CaneCPI-5 overstimulates both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, and suggested that this cellular event could be related to osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, differentiation mechanisms were better evaluated by investigating Osterix and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) genes, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling members. Altogether, our data showed that CaneCPI-5 can trigger biological mechanisms related to osteoblast differentiation, and broaden the perspectives for better exploring biotechnological approaches for bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Balestrero Cassiano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Lab, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feroz A, Khaki PSS, Bano B. Urea induced unfolding of rai seed cystatin: Influence of glycerol as a chemical chaperone. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113233. [PMID: 36931044 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystatin superfamily members, by virtue of their thiol protease regulatory properties, show involvement in myriad physiological processes important for survival and well-being. The current study involves urea-induced denaturation of a novel variant of the cystatin superfamily, rai seed cystatin (RSC), employing a variety of biophysical assays in order to characterize different folding intermediates generated on unfolding. Urea as a denaturant presented the passage of RSC through a series of events resulting in the loss of RSC functional capability, accompanied by changes in the archetype at secondary and tertiary structural levels, as evident from protease inhibitory, UV absorption, and intrinsic fluorescence assays, respectively. ANS fluorescence also revealed routing of RSC through discrete multiple sub-states thus presenting the generation of intermediate states somewhat close to the pre-molten globule and/or molten globule forms of RSC. Furthermore, far-UV circular dichroism analysis revealed a concentration-dependent gradual loss in typical -helical RSC peaks, indicating a nearly 50 % loss in secondary structural elements around 5 M urea treatment. The study also reports the possible role of glycerol in the refolding and/or reactivation of the urea unfolded RSC form. Glycerol presented itself as a potent structural stabilizer as it assisted in the refolding and reactivation of the unfolded RSC in a dosage-dependent manner, concomitantly paving the way for unravelling the mechanistic approach involved in the phenomenon, which can facilitate future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Feroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | | | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Premachandran K, Srinivasan TS. A brief review on oryzacystatin: a potent phytocystatin for crop management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1799-1807. [PMID: 36471210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are a type of proteinase inhibitor which are extensively studied for their specific inhibitory action against cysteine protease enzymes (CP) of insects and pathogens. Oryzacystatins (OC), a phytocystatin from rice inhibits CP in a reversible manner with its conserved tripartite wedge. OCs have important role in plant innate defense mechanism through phytohormonal signalling pathways. OC are induced in response to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions and are used to develop transgenic plants exhibiting resistance against stress conditions. In this review, we focus on the structure and mechanism of action of oryzacystatins, their possible role in plant physiology, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mechanism in plants and their potential application strategies for future crop management studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamanikumar Premachandran
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Thanga Suja Srinivasan
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos Correa KC, Moreira AC, Abd El-Raheem Ibrahim AG, Ramos de Jesus HC, Micocci KC, Crizóstomo Kock FV, Bueno OC, Venâncio T, Henrique-Silva F, Souza DHF. Identification and characterization of a recombinant cysteine peptidase (AsCathL) from leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Protein Expr Purif 2023; 201:106174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Kunert KJ, Pillay P. Loop replacement design: a new way to improve potency of plant cystatins. FEBS J 2022; 289:1823-1826. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Department, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute University of Pretoria South Africa
| | - Priyen Pillay
- Future Production Chemicals Cluster Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tremblay J, Goulet MC, Vorster J, Goulet C, Michaud D. Harnessing the functional diversity of plant cystatins to design inhibitor variants highly active against herbivorous arthropod digestive proteases. FEBS J 2021; 289:1827-1841. [PMID: 34799995 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein engineering approaches have been proposed to improve the inhibitory properties of plant cystatins against herbivorous arthropod digestive proteases, generally involving the site-directed mutagenesis of functionally relevant amino acids or the selection of improved inhibitor variants by phage display approaches. Here, we propose a novel approach where the function-related structural elements of a cystatin are substituted by the corresponding elements of an alternative cystatin. Inhibitory assays were first performed with 20 representative plant cystatins and model Cys proteases, including arthropod proteases, to appreciate the extent of functional variability among the plant cystatin family. The most, and less, potent of these cystatins were then used as 'donors' of structural elements to create hybrids of tomato cystatin SlCYS8 used as a model 'recipient' inhibitor. In brief, inhibitory activities against Cys proteases strongly differed from one plant cystatin to another, with Ki (papain) values diverging by more than 30-fold and inhibitory rates against arthropod proteases varying by up to 50-fold depending on the enzymes assessed. In line with theoretical assumptions from docking models generated for different Cys protease-cystatin combinations, structural element substitutions had a strong impact on the activity of recipient cystatin SlCYS8, positive or negative depending on the basic inhibitory potency of the donor cystatin. Our data confirm the wide variety of cystatin inhibitory profiles among plant taxa. They also demonstrate the usefulness of these proteins as a pool of discrete structural elements for the design of cystatin variants with improved potency against herbivorous pest digestive Cys proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tremblay
- Département de phytologie, Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Goulet
- Département de phytologie, Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Goulet
- Département de phytologie, Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Département de phytologie, Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Costa Fernandes C, Rodríguez VMO, Soares-Costa A, Cirelli JA, Justino DMN, Roma B, Zambuzzi WF, Faria G. Cystatin-like protein of sweet orange (CsinCPI-2) modulates pre-osteoblast differentiation via β-Catenin involvement. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:33. [PMID: 33751248 PMCID: PMC7985097 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are endogenous cysteine-protease inhibitors present in plants. They are involved in initial germination rates and in plant defense mechanisms against phytopathogens. Recently, a new phytocystatin derived from sweet orange, CsinCPI-2, has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of human cathepsins, presenting anti-inflammatory potential and pro-osteogenic effect in human dental pulp cells. The osteogenic potential of the CsinCPI-2 protein represents a new insight into plants cysteine proteases inhibitors and this effect needs to be better addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of pre-osteoblasts in response to CsinCPI-2, mainly focusing on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation mechanisms. Together our data show that in the first hours of treatment, protein in CsinCPI-2 promotes an increase in the expression of adhesion markers, which decrease after 24 h, leading to the activation of Kinase-dependent cyclines (CDKs) modulating the transition from G1 to S phases cell cycle. In addition, we saw that the increase in ERK may be associated with activation of the differentiation profile, also observed with an increase in the B-Catenin pathway and an increase in the expression of Runx2 in the group that received the treatment with CsinCPI-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célio da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Manuel Ochoa Rodríguez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Soares-Costa
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Roma
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Liu X, Wang Q, Sun J, He D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of cystatin family genes in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10617. [PMID: 33552717 PMCID: PMC7827979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To set a systematic study of the Sorghum cystatins (SbCys) gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the SbCys family genes was performed by bioinformatics-based methods. In total, 18 SbCys genes were identified in Sorghum, which were distributed unevenly on chromosomes, and two genes were involved in a tandem duplication event. All SbCys genes had similar exon/intron structure and motifs, indicating their high evolutionary conservation. Transcriptome analysis showed that 16 SbCys genes were expressed in different tissues, and most genes displayed higher expression levels in reproductive tissues than in vegetative tissues, indicating that the SbCys genes participated in the regulation of seed formation. Furthermore, the expression profiles of the SbCys genes revealed that seven cystatin family genes were induced during Bipolaris sorghicola infection and only two genes were responsive to aphid infestation. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that 17 SbCys genes were induced by one or two abiotic stresses (dehydration, salt, and ABA stresses). The interaction network indicated that SbCys proteins were associated with several biological processes, including seed development and stress responses. Notably, the expression of SbCys4 was up-regulated under biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting its potential roles in mediating the responses of Sorghum to adverse environmental impact. Our results provide new insights into the structural and functional characteristics of the SbCys gene family, which lay the foundation for better understanding the roles and regulatory mechanism of Sorghum cystatins in seed development and responses to different stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinhao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Junyan Sun
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Dexian He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shibao PYT, Santos-Júnior CD, Santiago AC, Mohan C, Miguel MC, Toyama D, Vieira MAS, Narayanan S, Figueira A, Carmona AK, Schiermeyer A, Soares-Costa A, Henrique-Silva F. Sugarcane cystatins: From discovery to biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:676-686. [PMID: 33285201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are tight-binding cysteine protease inhibitors produced by plants. The first phytocystatin described was isolated from Oryza sativa and, since then, cystatins from several plant species were reported, including from sugarcane. Sugarcane cystatins were unraveled in Sugarcane EST project database, after sequencing of cDNA libraries from various sugarcane tissues at different developmental stages and six sugarcane cystatins were cloned, expressed and characterized (CaneCPI-1 to CaneCPI-6). These recombinant proteins were produced in different expression systems and inhibited several cysteine proteases, including human cathepsins B and L, which can be involved in pathologies, such as cancer. In this review, we summarize a comprehensive history of all sugarcane cystatins, presenting an updated phylogenetic analysis; chromosomal localization, and genomic organization. We also present protein docking of CaneCPI-5 in the active site of human cathepsin B, insights about canecystatins structures; recombinant expression in different systems, comparison of their inhibitory activities against human cysteine cathepsins B, K, L, S, V, falcipains from Plasmodium falciparum and a cathepsin L-like from the sugarcane weevil Sphenophorus levis; and enlighten their potential and current applications in agriculture and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Yumi Tanaka Shibao
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Célio Dias Santos-Júnior
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, China
| | | | - Chakravarthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cardoso Miguel
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Subramonian Narayanan
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Soares-Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biotechnological Potential of Araucaria angustifolia Pine Nuts Extract and the Cysteine Protease Inhibitor AaCI-2S. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121676. [PMID: 33266031 PMCID: PMC7760129 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are involved in the regulation of endogenous cysteine proteases during seed development and play a defensive role because of their ability to inhibit exogenous proteases such as those present in the digestive tracts of insects. Araucaria angustifolia seeds, which can be used in human and animal feed, were investigated for their potential for the development of agricultural biotechnology and in the field of human health. In the pine nuts extract, which blocked the activities of cysteine proteases, it was detected potent insecticidal activity against termites (Nasutitermes corniger) belonging to the most abundant termite genus in tropical regions. The cysteine inhibitor (AaCI-2S) was purified by ion-exchange, size exclusion, and reversed-phase chromatography. Its functional and structural stability was confirmed by spectroscopic and circular dichroism studies, and by detection of inhibitory activity at different temperatures and pH values. Besides having activity on cysteine proteases from C. maculatus digestive tract, AaCI-2S inhibited papain, bromelain, ficin, and cathepsin L and impaired cell proliferation in gastric and prostate cancer cell lines. These properties qualify A. angustifolia seeds as a protein source with value properties of natural insecticide and to contain a protease inhibitor with the potential to be a bioactive molecule on different cancer cells.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferrara TFS, Schneider VK, Lima PS, Bronze FS, Machado MFM, Henrique-Silva F, Soares-Costa A, Carmona AK. Gene expression studies and molecular characterization of a cathepsin L-like from the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, vector of Huanglongbing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:375-383. [PMID: 32360970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Diaphorina citri belongs to Hemiptera order, which has cysteine peptidases as the most abundant proteolytic enzymes present in digestive tract. As cysteine peptidases are involved in different insect development processes, this class of enzymes has acquired biotechnological importance. In this context, we identified a cathepsin L-like (DCcathL1) from the Diaphorina citri transcriptome database and expressed the enzyme in E. coli. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was conducted to determine DCcathL1 gene expression in different parts and developmental phases of the insect. We observed that DCcathL1 expression in the gut was 2.59 and 2.87-fold higher than in the head and carcass, respectively. Furthermore, DCcathL1 expression was greater in eggs than in nymphs and adults, suggesting a putative role of the enzyme in the embryonic development. In addition, enzymatic inhibitory activity using four recombinant Citrus cystatins were performed. Among them, CsinCPI-2 was the strongest DCcathL1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.005 nM. Our results may contribute in the development of strategies for D. citri control, such as silencing the DCcathL1 gene and the use of transgenic plants that overexpress peptidase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taise F S Ferrara
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Schneider
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Silva Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fellipe S Bronze
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F M Machado
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Soares-Costa
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jutras PV, Dodds I, van der Hoorn RA. Proteases of Nicotiana benthamiana: an emerging battle for molecular farming. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:60-65. [PMID: 31765962 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular farming increasingly uses the tobacco relative Nicotiana benthamiana for production of recombinant proteins through transient expression. Several proteins are produced efficiently with this expression platform, but yields for other proteins are often very low. These low yields are frequently due to endogenous proteases. The latest genome annotations indicate that N. benthamiana encodes for at least 1243 putative proteases that probably act redundantly and consecutively on substrates in different subcellular compartments. Here, we discuss the N. benthamiana protease repertoire that may affect recombinant protein production and recent advances in protease depletion strategies to increase recombinant protein production in N. benthamiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Jutras
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
| | - Isobel Dodds
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
| | - Renier Al van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|