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Verma S, Kumari V, Yangzom DK, Anamika F, Aggarwal K, Singh B, Jain R. Beyond the Gut: Exploring Cardiovascular Implications of Celiac Disease. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00328. [PMID: 39254530 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that presents with gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal bloating due to the inflammation in the small intestine. It has been associated with various extraintestinal manifestations, including mucocutaneous findings such as dermatitis herpetiformis, anemia, dental enamel defects, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Studies have revealed an increasing association between CD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Chronic inflammation, nutritional deficiencies from malabsorption, endothelial dysfunction, thrombophilic autoantibodies, thrombocytosis, and protein C and S deficiency have been proposed as the probable mechanisms for the association between the 2 conditions. This article aims to provide a review of the pathophysiological mechanism of celiac disease causing various CVDs and to compare and contrast the existing studies suggesting both favorable and unfavorable CVD outcomes in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Verma
- From the Department of medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar
| | - Verkha Kumari
- Department of medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - De-Kee Yangzom
- Department of imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fnu Anamika
- Department of medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanishk Aggarwal
- Department of medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of medicine, Icahn School of medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health + Hospital, Queens, NY
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, PA
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Olsen T, Refsum H, Eiser AR. Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Associated With a Myriad of Age-Related Illnesses: A Potential Role for Metal Toxicity. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:1362-1368. [PMID: 38935017 PMCID: PMC11374489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arnold R Eiser
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Lu W, Shiwei Y, Aimin L, Kang X. Clinical relevance of critical plasma homocysteine levels in predicting rupture risk for small and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18192. [PMID: 39107517 PMCID: PMC11303782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been globally recognized as an independent risk factor for various neurovascular diseases. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between critical Hcy concentration and the risk of rupture in intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study collected data from 423 patients with both ruptured and unruptured IAs. We compared demographic data, vascular rupture risk factors, and laboratory test results between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation between critical plasma Hcy levels and the risk of rupture in small to medium-sized IAs. A total of 330 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) and 93 cases of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) were included. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the ruptured and unruptured groups in terms of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, plasma Hcy levels, and IA morphology (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.504; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.279-0.911; P = 0.023), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.924; 95% CI 1.079-3.429; P = 0.027), and plasma Hcy levels (OR 1.420; 95% CI 1.277-1.578; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the rupture of small to medium-sized IAs, all with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that critical plasma Hcy levels are an independent risk factor for increased rupture risk in small to medium-sized intracranial aneurysms. Therefore, reducing plasma Hcy levels may be considered a valuable strategy to mitigate the risk of intracranial vascular abnormalities rupture and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Shiwei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Aimin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China.
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Xie Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, Jiangsu, China.
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Ames PR, Arcaro A, D'Andrea G, Marottoli V, Iannaccone L, Maraglione M, Gentile F. Homozygous MTHFR C667T carriers ≤45 years old develop central retinal vein occlusion five years earlier than wild type. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:378-383. [PMID: 38390741 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2318612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess age at 1st central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in carriers ≤ 45 years old of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C667T genotype compared to heterozygous and wild type, and to identify predictors of age at CRVO. METHODS Retrospective cohort study consisting of 18 MTHFR TT, 23 MTHFR TC and 28 MTHFR CC participants; information regarding age, sex, age at CRVO, history of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and plasma HC measured by immunoassay were collected. RESULTS Age at CRVO was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (32 ± 6 vs 38 ± 5 vs 37 ± 6 years, respectively, p = 0.005); plasma HC was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other genotypes [14.4 (10.8, 19.6) vs 10.4 ((8.6,12.5) vs 8.5 ((7.5,9.8) μmol/l, p = 0.0002). Smoking (cigarettes/day) independently predicted age at CRVO (p = 0.039) and plasma HC (p = 0.005); smoking status (yes/no) predicted ischemic CRVO (p = 0.01) that was more common in the MTHFR TT group (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Carriers of the MTHFR TT genotype ≤ 45 years old develop their 1st CRVO on average 5 years earlier than the MTHFR CC genotype; smoking contributes to the prematurity and severity of CRVO in MTHFR TT carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rj Ames
- Immune Response & Vascular Disease Unit, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Dumfries & Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Maraglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Sun WD, Zhu XJ, Li JJ, Mei YZ, Li WS, Li JH. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410479. [PMID: 38919254 PMCID: PMC11196770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, typified by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. It stems from intricate dysregulations in metabolic pathways governing energy and substrate metabolism. While comprehending the precise etiological mechanisms of MetS remains challenging, evidence underscores the pivotal roles of aberrations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) in its pathogenesis. Notably, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has recently surfaced as a promising therapeutic target for addressing MetS. Single nucleotide variants in the NNMT gene are significantly correlated with disturbances in energy metabolism, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Elevated NNMT gene expression is notably observed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of individuals with diabetic mice, obesity, and rats afflicted with MetS. Knockdown of NNMT elicits heightened energy expenditure in adipose and hepatic tissues, mitigates lipid accumulation, and enhances insulin sensitivity. NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the donor methyl group, resulting in the formation of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) and methylnicotinamide (MNAM). This enzymatic process results in the depletion of NAM, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and the generation of SAH, a precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). Consequently, this cascade leads to reduced NAD+ levels and elevated Hcy levels, implicating NNMT in the pathogenesis of MetS. Moreover, experimental studies employing RNA interference (RNAi) strategies and small molecule inhibitors targeting NNMT have underscored its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing or treating MetS-related diseases. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive, and as of yet, clinical trials focusing on NNMT have not been documented. Therefore, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate roles of NNMT in MetS and to develop targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Key Lab of Aquatic Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Redonnet-Vernhet I, Mercié P, Lebreton L, Blouin JM, Bronnimann D, Mesli S, Guibet C, Ribeiro E, Gensous N, Duffau P, Gouya L, Richard E. Preventing hyperhomocysteinemia using vitamin B 6 supplementation in Givosiran-treated acute intermittent porphyria: Highlights from a case report and brief literature review. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101076. [PMID: 38601120 PMCID: PMC11004984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatic porphyrias are inherited metabolic disorders of heme biosynthesis characterized by the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites responsible for disabling acute neurovisceral attacks. Givosiran is a newly approved siRNA-based treatment of acute hepatic porphyria targeting the first and rate-limiting δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) enzyme of heme biosynthetic pathway. We described a 72-year old patient who presented with severe inaugural neurological form of acute intermittent porphyria evolving for several years which made her eligible for givosiran administration. On initiation of treatment, the patient developed a major hyperhomocysteinemia (>400 μmol/L) which necessitated to discontinue the siRNA-based therapy. A thorough metabolic analysis in the patient suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia could be attributed to a functional deficiency of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme induced by givosiran. Long-term treatment with vitamin B6, a cofactor of CBS, allowed to normalize homocysteinemia while givosiran treatment was maintained. We review the recently published cases of hyperhomocysteinemia in acute hepatic porphyria and its exacerbation under givosiran therapy. We also discuss the benefits of vitamin B6 supplementation in the light of hypothetic pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia in these patients. Our results confirmed the importance of monitoring homocysteine metabolism and vitamin status in patients with acute intermittent porphyria in order to improve management by appropriate vitamin supplementation during givosiran treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Redonnet-Vernhet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, MRGM, U1211, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Mercié
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Louis Lebreton
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Blouin
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Didier Bronnimann
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075, France
| | - Samir Mesli
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Guibet
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Ribeiro
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Noémie Gensous
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Univ-Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164 Immunoconcept, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
- Univ-Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164 Immunoconcept, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Porphyries et anémies rares du métabolisme du fer, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- Service de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale de Référence (LBMR) Métabolisme des acides Aminés et Métabolisme de l'hème, Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Porphyries et Anémies rares du Métabolisme du fer, CHU de Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, UMR1312, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Gr-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
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Carey A, Parodi‐Rullan R, Vazquez‐Torres R, Canepa E, Fossati S. Homocysteine potentiates amyloid β -induced death receptor 4- and 5-mediated cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis, blood brain barrier dysfunction and angiogenic impairment. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14106. [PMID: 38358083 PMCID: PMC11113365 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction has been implicated as a major contributor to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, with cerebral endothelial cell (cEC) stress promoting ischemia, cerebral-blood flow impairments and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular (CV)/cerebrovascular risk factors, including hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy), exacerbate AD pathology and risk. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this interaction remain unclear. Our lab has demonstrated that amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) species, and particularly Aβ40-E22Q (AβQ22; vasculotropic Dutch mutant), promote death receptor 4 and 5 (DR4/DR5)-mediated apoptosis in human cECs, barrier permeability, and angiogenic impairment. Previous studies show that Hhcy also induces EC dysfunction, but it remains unknown whether Aβ and homocysteine function through common molecular mechanisms. We tested the hypotheses that Hhcy exacerbates Aβ-induced cEC DR4/5-mediated apoptosis, barrier dysfunction, and angiogenesis defects. This study was the first to demonstrate that Hhcy specifically potentiates AβQ22-mediated activation of the DR4/5-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cECs, including DR4/5 expression, caspase 8/9/3 activation, cytochrome-c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, we revealed that Hhcy intensifies the deregulation of the same cEC junction proteins mediated by Aβ, precipitating BBB permeability. Furthermore, Hhcy and AβQ22, impairing VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling and VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking, additively decrease cEC angiogenic capabilities. Overall, these results show that the presence of the CV risk factor Hhcy exacerbates Aβ-induced cEC apoptosis, barrier dysfunction, and angiogenic impairment. This study reveals specific mechanisms through which amyloidosis and Hhcy jointly operate to produce brain EC dysfunction and death, highlighting new potential molecular targets against vascular pathology in comorbid AD/CAA and Hhcy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carey
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecca Parodi‐Rullan
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rafael Vazquez‐Torres
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Savic-Hartwig M, Kerlikowsky F, van de Flierdt E, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. A micronutrient supplement modulates homocysteine levels regardless of vitamin B biostatus in elderly subjects. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:120-132. [PMID: 36715360 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (≥15 μmol/L) in the elderly are frequently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Several studies have already shown an Hcy-lowering effect of B vitamin supplementation in cohorts deficient in these nutrients. The aim of this randomized, double-blinded 12-week intervention study was to investigate whether Hcy levels in healthy elderly subjects (75.4±4.5 years, n=133) could be lowered with a micronutrient supplement (i.e., 400 μg folic acid, 100 μg cobalamin). Difference in mean initial Hcy levels between intervention (17.6±7.1 μmol/L, n=65) and placebo group (18.9±6.1 μmol/L, n=68) was not significant. The prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiency in the total study population was low: 27% had serum-cobalamin levels ≤150 pmol/L, 12% holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC) levels ≤50 pmol/L, 13% low cobalamin status using the aggregated cobalamin marker 4cB12 and 10% red blood cell (RBC) folate ≤570 nmol/L. Nevertheless, the treated subjects still showed improved cobalamin and folate biostatus (serum cobalamin Δt12-t0: 63±48 pmol/L; Holo-TC Δt12-t0: 17±19 pmol/L; RBC folate Δt12-t0: 326±253 nmol/L) and Hcy levels (Δt12-t0: -3.6±5.7 μmol/L). The effects were statistically significant compared to the placebo group with p=0.005 (serum cobalamin), p=0.021 (Holo-TC), p=0.014 (RBC-folate) and p<0.001 (Hcy). The Hcy-lowering effect was dependent on the initial Hcy levels (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that elevated Hcy levels in elderly subjects can be lowered regardless of the initial cobalamin and folate biostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Savic-Hartwig
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kerlikowsky
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Edda van de Flierdt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Fan H, Liu S, Teng X, Shao L, Shen Z. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Metabolism. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102040. [PMID: 37595858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm and dissection are complicated diseases having both high prevalence and mortality. It is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the limitations of current detecting methods for aortic dissection used in clinics. Metabonomics demonstrated its great potential capability in the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of several diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disorders including amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and lipid metabolism disturbance are involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and dissection by affecting multiple functional aortic cells. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into the metabolism alterations and their related regulatory mechanisms with a focus on recent advances and findings and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention, and drug development for aortic aneurysm and dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Hung HM, Chen MF, Lee HF, Wang HL. Exploration of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Psychological Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Community Dwelling Adults: A Gender Comparison Study. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:139-149. [PMID: 37603875 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231197845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatic disease (RD) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading non-communicable chronic disease cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory biomarkers and psychological health status are reliable predictors of CVD in patients with RD. The primary aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory biomarkers and psychological CVD risk factors (CRFs) between a group of community-dwelling adults with RD and CRFs and a group of their peers with CRFs only. The secondary aim of this study was to analyze and compare the collected data by gender in the RD group. Data were collected and analyzed from 355 participants, with the 135 participants with physician-diagnosed RD assigned to the RD group and the remainder (n = 220) assigned to the comparison group. The measures used included a demographic datasheet, medical information, serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and depression and global sleep-quality scale scores. The RD group had higher ratios of hypertension and depression diagnoses than the comparison group. The gender analysis of the RD group found significantly more-severe sleep disturbances in women than men and a significantly higher mean value of Hcy in men than women. The women in the RD group were significantly older, less educated, and less employed than their male counterparts and thus may be presumed to at higher risk of health illiteracy. Gender-tailored interventions to modify the risk factors of CVD identified in this study for patients with RD are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Man Hung
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, St Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Fang Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhu X. Effects of crossover point exercise and high-intensity interval training on vascular health in young overweight females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:77-86. [PMID: 37611320 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 10 weeks of crossover point (COP) exercise training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular health in overweight young women. Overweight young women were randomized into HIIT and COP groups. Participants in the HIIT group (n = 10; age = 22 ± 2, body mass index (BMI) = 25.72 ± 0.90) and COP group (n = 10, age = 21 ± 2, BMI = 25.90 ± 1.90) took part in 10 weeks of HIIT and COP exercise training, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular health, and oxidative stress indicators were measured before and after the intervention period. After 10 weeks of exercise intervention, both COP exercise and HIIT led to a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (p < 0.001). The systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (p = 0.002) were significantly decreased in both COP group and HIIT group, while serum interleukin-6 levels were increased in HIIT and COP groups. The present study shows that a training program at COP could be an effective strategy to protect vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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12
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Peng F, Xu B, Xia J, Chen X, Liu A. Association Between Serum Homocysteine Concentration, Aneurysm Wall Inflammation, and Aneurysm Symptoms in Intracranial Fusiform Aneurysm. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:168-179. [PMID: 37211477 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The pathophysiology of fusiform intracranial aneurysm (FIA) involves inflammatory processes, and homocysteine plays a role in the inflammatory processes in the vessel wall. Moreover, aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) has emerged as a new imaging biomarker of aneurysm wall inflammatory pathologies. To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of aneurysm wall inflammation and FIA instability, we aimed to determine the associations between the homocysteine concentration, AWE, and FIAs' related symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 53 patients with FIA who underwent both high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and serum homocysteine concentration measurement. FIAs' related symptoms were defined as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, cranial nerve compression, brainstem compression, and acute headache. The contrast ratio of the signal intensity of the aneurysm wall to the pituitary stalk (CRstalk) was used to indicate AWE. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine how well the independent factors could predict FIAs' related symptoms. Predictors of CRstalk were also investigated. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to identify the potential associations between these predictors. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included, of whom 23 (43.4%) presented with FIAs' related symptoms. After adjusting for baseline differences in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the CRstalk (odds ratio [OR]=3.207, P = .023) and homocysteine concentration (OR=1.344, P = .015) independently predicted FIAs' related symptoms. The CRstalk was able to differentiate between FIAs with and without symptoms (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.805), with an optimal cutoff value of 0.76. The homocysteine concentration could also differentiate between FIAs with and without symptoms (AUC=0.788), with an optimal cutoff value of 13.13. The combination of the CRstalk and homocysteine concentration had a better ability to identify symptomatic FIAs (AUC=0.857). Male sex (OR=0.536, P = .018), FIAs' related symptoms (OR=1.292, P = .038), and homocysteine concentration (OR=1.254, P = .045) independently predicted the CRstalk. CONCLUSION A higher serum homocysteine concentration and greater AWE indicate FIA instability. Serum homocysteine concentration may be a useful biomarker of FIA instability; however, this needs to be verified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.P., B.X., J.X., X.C., A.L.)
| | - Boya Xu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.P., B.X., J.X., X.C., A.L.)
| | - Jiaxiang Xia
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.P., B.X., J.X., X.C., A.L.)
| | - Xuge Chen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.P., B.X., J.X., X.C., A.L.)
| | - Aihua Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.P., B.X., J.X., X.C., A.L.).
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13
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Simutis IS, Ratnikov VA, Scheglov AN, Nikolaeva OV, Boyarinov GA, Sapegin AA, Gaikovaya LB, Evteeva DA, Zamyatina KN. [Potential for infusion correction of COVID-19-associated endotheliopathy]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:487-493. [PMID: 38158968 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.6.202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response and the severity of COVID-19-associated endotheliopathy and the effect of succinate-containing crystalloid solution (sodium meglumine succinate) on it in patients with severe COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and laboratory parameters of 53 intensive care unit's patients with COVID-19 complicated by community-acquired bilateral multisegmental pneumonia were analyzed. Intensive therapy complex of 27 patients (study group) included daily infusion of 1.5% solution of sodium meglumine succinate (Reamberin) in the daily dose of 10 ml/kg for at least 11 days (or during the whole stay in the unit). A similar volume of Ringer's solution was present in the control group of 26 patients. The levels of endotheliocytosis, homocysteine, and systemic inflammatory response were determined at all stages of the study. RESULTS The evaluation of endotheliopathy degree in the meglumine succinate group showed a significant reduction of initially elevated levels of endotheliemia and homocysteinemia at all study stages. The pattern of changes in the study group was highly correlated (r=0.90-0.96) with the dynamics of systemic inflammatory response parameters-fibrinogenemia, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels. As normalization of the immune imbalance, we regarded the termination of lymphopenia in the Reamberin group. CONCLUSION Early inclusion of Reamberin infusion into intensive therapy of severe COVID-19, in comparison with Ringer's solution, leads to significant and stable correction of the severity of systemic inflammatory response, which in turn is naturally reflected in the severity of endothelial dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and also leads to a decrease in 28-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Simutis
- Sokolov North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
| | - V A Ratnikov
- Sokolov North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center
| | | | | | | | - A A Sapegin
- Sokolov North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center
| | | | - D A Evteeva
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
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14
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Mahmoud AA, El Hady NMSA, Rizk MS, El-Hawwary AM, Saleh NY. MTHFR C677T Polymorphism, Plasma Homocysteine, and PDGF-AA Levels and Transcranial Doppler Velocity in Children With Sickle Cell Disease. Indian Pediatr 2023; 60:651-654. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-023-2965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Saeed WM, Alsehli F. Thyroid Hormones and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Saudi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1197-1203. [PMID: 37525744 PMCID: PMC10387246 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s405942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The PCOS-thyroid nexus has recently drawn the focus of various investigations due to the prevalence of thyroid problems in PCOS. Additionally, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are more prevalent in PCOS women. Therefore, we aim to assess the levels of thyroid hormones in Saudi females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to examine the correlation between cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) and thyroid hormones in PCOS patients. Methods A cross-sectional research with 200 PCOS-diagnosed female patients was conducted from April 2018 to April 2020. In addition to other anthropometric and serum biochemical markers, glycemic status, thyroid function test, lipid profiles, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels were detected in patients. Results In PCOS, hypothyroidism is more common than hyperthyroidism (55 vs 27.5%, p = 0.05). While women with raised TSH (hypothyroidism) had a higher BMI, WC, FBG, and poorer HDL-C (p< 0.05). Significant differences were found in LDL-C, TG, Homocysteine, and CRP levels (all p<0.001 and< 0.05). PCOS women with hypothyroidism at increased risk of CVD, as indicated by AIP (Atherogenic Index of plasma) (0.57±0.42) was found. The elevated TSH levels were favorably linked with TG, Homocysteine, CRP, BMI, AIP, and WC (all p< 0.001, 0.05) but negatively connected with HDL-C and FT4. Conclusion A strong relationship between PCOS and thyroid dysfunction was detected since PCOS hypothyroid groups had higher TSH levels and CMRFs. This group's CVD risk was elevated due to CRP, homocysteine, triglycerides, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Mohammed Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsehli
- Pathology, King Salman Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Gadanec LK, Andersson U, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A. Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Homocysteine-Induced Vascular Dysfunction. Nutrients 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37513606 PMCID: PMC10383373 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) worsens cardiovascular outcomes by impairing vascular function and promoting chronic inflammation via release of danger-associated molecular patterns, such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1). Elevated levels of HMGB-1 have recently been reported in patients with HHcy. Therefore, targeting HMGB-1 may be a potential therapy to improve HHcy-induced cardiovascular pathologies. This study aimed to further elucidate HMGB-1's role during acute HHcy and HHcy-induced atherogenesis and to determine if inhibiting HMGB-1 with glycyrrhizic acid (Glyz) improved vascular function. Male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 25) were placed on either a standard control chow (CD; n = 15) or atherogenic diet (AD; n = 10) for 4 weeks. Rabbit serum and Krebs taken from organ bath studies were collected to quantify HMGB-1 levels. Isometric tension analysis was performed on abdominal aorta (AA) rings from CD and AD rabbits. Rings were incubated with homocysteine (Hcy) [3 mM] for 60 min to induce acute HHcy or rhHMGB-1 [100 nM]. Vascular function was assessed by relaxation to cumulative doses of acetylcholine. Markers of vascular dysfunction and inflammation were quantified in the endothelium, media, and adventitia of AA rings. HMGB-1 was significantly upregulated in serum (p < 0.0001) and Krebs (p < 0.0001) after Hcy exposure or an AD. Incubation with Hcy (p < 0.0001) or rhHMGB-1 (p < 0.0001) and an AD (p < 0.0001) significantly reduced relaxation to acetylcholine, which was markedly improved by Glyz. HMGB-1 expression was elevated (p < 0.0001) after Hcy exposure and AD (p < 0.0001) and was normalized after Glyz treatment. Moreover, markers of vascular function, cell stress and inflammation were also reduced after Glyz. These results demonstrate that HMGB-1 has a central role during HHcy-induced vascular dysfunction and inhibiting it with Glyz could be a potential treatment option for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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17
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Saad-Hussein A, Shousha WG, Al-Sadek SYM, Ramadan SS. Role of MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C gene polymorphisms on renal toxicity caused by lead exposure in wastewater treatment plant workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84758-84764. [PMID: 37369904 PMCID: PMC10359200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational lead (Pb) exposures continue to pose major public health problems. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers proved are exposing to high Pb concentrations in sludge departments. The aim of the work was to investigate the role of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms on alteration of oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in WWTP workers exposed to high Pb concentrations, and study its relations with renal functions. The study included 90 WWTP workers from Abu-Rawash WWTP. Homocysteine, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Polymorphisms of MTHFR C677CT and MTHFR A1298C genes were studied using PCR/RFLP. Urine Pb concentrations were also measured. About 32.2% of the workers were with detectable Pb levels. Pb, homocysteine, and MDA levels were significantly higher among workers carrying TT polymorphism compared to other MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms, while TAC was significantly lower among them compared to other polymorphisms. The same results were found among workers carrying CC compared to other MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms. WWTP workers carrying MTHFR 677TT and MTHFR 1298CC are more susceptible to elevation of homocysteine and the urinary Pb compared to the workers with the other polymorphisms. Furthermore, those workers were found to have increase in urea and creatinine. Therefore, MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms could be used for prediction of the susceptibility to the risk of kidney impairments among WWTP workers in the sludge departments caused by their exposure to high Pb in their workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Saad-Hussein
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa Ghoneim Shousha
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Shimaa Shawki Ramadan
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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19
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elewa YHA, Zahran MH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Parkinson's Disease Risk and Hyperhomocysteinemia: The Possible Link. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8. [PMID: 37074484 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative brain disorders caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Lewy bodies and -synuclein accumulation in the SN are hallmarks of the neuropathology of PD. Due to lifestyle changes and prolonged L-dopa administration, patients with PD frequently have vitamin deficiencies, especially folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. These disorders augment circulating levels of Homocysteine with the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain if hyperhomocysteinemia may play a part in oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways that contribute to PD development. Hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Hyperhomocysteinemia triggers the development and progression of PD by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, the progression of PD is linked with high inflammatory changes and systemic inflammatory disorders. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces immune activation and oxidative stress. In turn, activated immune response promotes the development and progression of hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, hyperhomocysteinemia-induced immunoinflammatory disorders and abnormal immune response may aggravate abnormal immunoinflammatory in PD, leading to more progression of PD severity. Also, inflammatory signaling pathways like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and other signaling pathways are intricate in the pathogenesis of PD. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is involved in the development and progression of PD neuropathology either directly via induction degeneration of dopaminergic neurons or indirectly via activation of inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine , Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud Hosny Zahran
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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20
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Li Y, Zhang C, Kong K, Yan X. Characterization and Biological Activities of Four Biotransformation Products of Diosgenin from Rhodococcus erythropolis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073093. [PMID: 37049855 PMCID: PMC10096415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DSG), a steroidal sapogenin derived from the tuberous roots of yam, possesses multiple biological properties. DSG has been widely used as a starting material for the industrial production of steroid drugs. Despite its significant pharmacological activities, moderate potency and low solubility hinder the medicinal application of DSG. Biotransformation is an efficient method to produce valuable derivatives of natural products. In this work, we performed the biotransformation of DSG using five Rhodococcus strains. Compounds 1–4 were isolated and identified from Rhodococcus erythropolis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against the A549, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 3 and 4 are novel entities, and each possesses a terminal carboxyl group attached to the spiroacetal ring. Remarkably, 4 exhibited significant cell protective effects for kidney, liver, and vascular endothelial cells, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this compound in chronic renal diseases, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. We further optimized the fermentation conditions aiming to increase the titer of compound 4. Finally, the yield of compound 4 was improved by 2.9-fold and reached 32.4 mg/L in the optimized conditions. Our study lays the foundation for further developing compound 4 as a cell protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Oussalah A, Zuily S, Rosenberg I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting Observational Studies and Clinical Trials. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:270-282. [PMID: 36170884 DOI: 10.1055/a-1952-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic manifestations are relatively frequent in patients with intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia (>30 µmol/L) related to inherited disorders and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate. In contrast, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (15-30 µmol/L) is a modest predictor of cardiovascular risk. The recognition of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor has been challenged by some but not all randomized clinical trials. We reviewed the main data of this controversy and formulated conclusions to be translated in clinical practice.Homocysteine-lowering trials have been performed in cardiovascular subjects with moderate but not intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia despite the dose-effect risk association. The first meta-analyses found no benefit and led cardiology societies not recommending homocysteine in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This guideline challenged the need to diagnose and treat the nutritional and genetic causes of intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia and was not revised when larger meta-analyses concluded to a reduced risk of stroke. In a recent observational study, 84% of consecutive cardiovascular patients assessed for homocysteine had intermediate or major hyperhomocysteinemia, which was properly assessed in only half of the cases and related to B12 and/or folate deficiency and Addison/Biermer disease in 55% of these cases.In conclusion, revisiting observational studies and clinical trials suggests that cardiovascular patients should be screened for hyperhomocysteinemia, when no other risk factor is found. Patients with intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia should be properly assessed and treated for B vitamin deficiencies and inherited disorders according to current guidelines. Further trials are needed to assess the effect of lowering homocysteine according to hyperhomocysteinemia categories at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Auto-Immune Diseases, INSERM UMR_S 1116 DCAC and CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Irwin Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Candela E, Zagariello M, Di Natale V, Ortolano R, Righetti F, Assirelli V, Biasucci G, Cassio A, Pession A, Baronio F. Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency: Three Consecutive Cases Detected in 40 Days by Newborn Screening in Emilia Romagna (Italy) and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020396. [PMID: 36832525 PMCID: PMC9955056 DOI: 10.3390/children10020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cysthiatonine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency (CBSD) is an autosomal recessive rare disorder caused by variations on CBS that leads to impaired conversion of homocysteine (Hcy) to cystathionine. Marked hyperhomocysteinemia is the hallmark of the disease. The administration of pyridoxine, the natural cofactor of CBS, may reduce total plasma Hcy. Patient phenotype is classified on pyridoxine responsivity in two groups: pyridoxine-responsive and non-responsive patients. Ectopia lentis, bone deformities, developmental delay, and thromboembolism are the classic signs and symptoms of the disease. Early diagnosis and treatment impact patients' natural history. Therapy aims to lower promptly and maintain Hcy concentrations below 100 μmol/L. Depending on the patient's phenotype, the treatment goals could be obtained by the administration of pyridoxine and/or betaine associated with a methionine-restricted diet. CBSD could be diagnosed in the early days of life by expanded newborn screening (ENS), however, the risk of false negative results is not negligible. In Emilia-Romagna (Italy), during the first 10 years of screening experience, only three cases of CBSD identified have been diagnosed, all in the last two years (incidence 1:118,000 live births). We present the cases and a comprehensive review of the literature to emphasize the role of ENS for early diagnosis of CBSD and its potential pitfalls, reiterating the need for a more effective method to screen for CBSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Candela
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Zagariello
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Natale
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ortolano
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-214-3168
| | - Francesca Righetti
- Centro Laboratoristico Regionale di Riferimento Screening Neonatale e Malattie Endocrino-Metaboliche, UO Pediatria IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Assirelli
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- The Pediatric Unit, Maternal and Child Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Baronio
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Carey A, Fossati S. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:671-695. [PMID: 36401868 PMCID: PMC9931659 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent evidence on how mid-life hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and blood pressure variability, as well as late-life hypotension, exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk. Intriguingly, HHcy also increases the risk for hypertension, revealing the importance of understanding the relationship between comorbid cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension-induced dementia presents more evidently in women, highlighting the relevance of sex differences in the impact of cardiovascular risk. We summarize each major antihypertensive drug class's effects on cognitive impairment and AD pathology, revealing how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, diuretics modulating cerebral blood flow, have recently gained preclinical evidence as promising treatment against AD. We also report novel vascular biomarkers for AD and dementia risk, highlighting those associated with hypertension and HHcy. Importantly, we propose that future studies should consider hypertension and HHcy as potential contributors to cognitive impairment, and that uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers would aid in the identification of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carey
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Yang X, Tian X, Liu H, Wang J, Wang F. Homocysteine increases uterine artery blood flow resistance in women with pregnancy loss. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023; 52:102533. [PMID: 36610604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine arterial blood flow is an important factor in embryonic development. Increased uterine artery blood flow resistance may be related to vascular damage. Homocysteine (HCY) can induce injury of endothelial through various pathways. Therefore, we investigate the association between serum HCY levels and uterine artery blood flow in the non-pregnant state in women who have experienced pregnancy loss (PL). METHODS 364 women eligible for PL were included in the study. The detection of HCY was completed by the Laboratory of Lanzhou University Second Hospital. We divided the patients into three groups: Low-HCY (HCY<10 umol/L, n = 144), Medium-HCY (HCY 10∼15 umol/L, n = 174) and High-HCY (HCY>15 umol/L, n = 46). The patients were subjected to vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography to measure bilateral uterine artery resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity/end diastolic velocity (S/D). RESULT Among 364 women, the right uterine artery RI in L-HCY, M-HCY, and H-HCY groups were 0.78±0.08, 0.79±0.07 and 0.81±0.07, respectively (P = 0.04). The left uterine artery RI in L-HCY, M-HCY, and H-HCY groups were 0.78±0.08, 0.81±0.07 and 0.81±0.07, respectively (P = 0.01). The right uterine artery RI level and the left uterine artery RI was significantly associated with HCY level (r = 0.103, P = 0.050; r = 0.104, P = 0.047, respectively). Of these, 177 women experienced their next pregnancy, and 33 patients experienced PL again. The pregnancy rate in l-HCY, M-HCY, and HHCY groups were 47.92% (69/144), 49.43% (86/174) and 47.83% (22/46), respectively (P = 0.95). In next pregnancy, the PL rate in l-HCY, M-HCY, and HHCY groups were 8.70% (6/69), 22.58% (22/86) and 22.73% (5/22), respectively (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION HCY can increase the uterine artery resistance in the non-pregnant state and is associated with the abortion rate of next pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.82, Cuiying Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xiuli Tian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.82, Cuiying Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Haoxin Liu
- College of LSA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.82, Cuiying Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.82, Cuiying Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
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Shih YL, Shih CC, Huang TC, Chen JY. The Relationship between Elevated Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome in a Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in Taiwan. Biomedicines 2023; 11:378. [PMID: 36830912 PMCID: PMC9952893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a serious health problem in society. Homocysteine is a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between homocysteine levels and metabolic syndrome. (2) Methods: A total of 398 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included in our study. First, we divided the participants into two groups: the metabolic syndrome group and the nonmetabolic syndrome group. Second, according to tertiles of homocysteine levels from low to high, the participants were divided into first, second, and third groups. Pearson's correlation was then calculated for homocysteine levels and metabolic factors. Scatterplots are presented. Finally, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the second and third groups compared with the first group was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. (3) Results: In our study, the metabolic syndrome group had higher homocysteine levels, and the participants in the third group were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the third group, which had the highest homocysteine level, was associated with metabolic syndrome with an odds ratio of 2.32 compared with the first group after adjusting for risk factors. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that high plasma homocysteine levels were independently associated with MetS in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Shih
- United Safety Medical Group, General Administrative Department, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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The Correlation between Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity and Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Adults. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:7590549. [PMID: 36714243 PMCID: PMC9883089 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7590549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity is prevalent, but its correlation with homocysteine (Hcy), a biomarker of vascular risk events, is unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the correlation of H. pylori IgG seropositivity and plasma Hcy levels in adults. Methods Data was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle 1999-2000. Hcy was measured by the Abbott homocysteine assay, and H. pylori IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The weighted multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustments for potential confounders were conducted. Subgroup analyses stratified by gender, age, and race were performed. Results A total of 4029 subjects aged 20-85 years were included. Population prevalence of H. pylori IgG seropositivity was 44.7% in the overall population with higher prevalence found in those with older age, Mexican Americans, lower education, and lower household income. Levels of plasma Hcy were not elevated in those with H. pylori IgG seropositivity versus seronegativity (β -0.120 (-0.438, 0.199) P = 0.462). This difference was not significant after stratifying by gender and age. However, in the subgroup analyses stratified by race, a negative correlation between H. pylori seropositivity and plasma Hcy levels was observed in Mexican Americans (β -0.802 (-1.253, -0.352) P < 0.001). Conclusions H. pylori IgG seropositivity was not associated with plasma Hcy levels in the general population, but there may be a negative correlation in Mexican Americans. These findings provide new insights to advance the research of the link between plasma Hcy levels and stomach health.
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Hong MP, Chen WF, Wu JH, Kang TS, He SP, Yang QW. Correlation between lipid-lowering therapy and cerebral microbleeds. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:59-71. [PMID: 37355888 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if there is a correlation between lipid-lowering treatment with statins and the occurrence, number, and location of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) among patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and also to compare treatment with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in terms of the occurrence of CMBs and their differences. METHODS In this retrospective study, we included patients who were diagnosed with ICVD and underwent susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in a grade A tertiary hospital from October 1, 2014 to October 1, 2022. We collected information on previous statin use, past medical history, clinical test indicators, and imaging data. RESULTS We found that out of 522 patients, 310 patients (59.4%) had no CMB and 212 patients (40.6%) had CMBs. There was no statistically significant correlation between prior statin use, the occurrence, and number of CMBs in patients diagnosed with ICVD (P < 0.05). As for the location of CMB, there was a statistically significant correlation between prior statin use and lobar CMBs (P < 0.048). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the use of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin and the occurrence of CMBs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There was no independent correlation between previous statin use, and the occurrence, and number of CMBs in patients with ICVD. As for CMBs in different locations, there was a correlation between previous use of statin and lobar CMBs. There was no significant difference between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the occurrence of CMBs in patients with ICVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ping Hong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Fen Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Nanping City, Nanping, China
| | - Jie-Hao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Tai-Shan Kang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shun-Po He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Kalan Sarı I, Keskin O, Seremet Keskin A, Elli̇dağ HY, Harmandar O. Is Homocysteine Associated with the Prognosis of Covid-19 Pneumonia. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:9697871. [PMID: 36908297 PMCID: PMC9998149 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9697871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a prothrombotic state. Because homocysteine (Hcy) is a potential biomarker in thrombotic disease, this article aims to highlight the role of Hcy in the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods. This prospective study was conducted between April 2021 and December 2021 at the University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital. 162 patients admitted to the emergency department for COVID-19 pneumonia and scheduled for hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) or COVID-19 ward of the chest disease department were included in the study. Hcy levels and other necessary laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results. 134 patients were admitted to the COVID-19 ward and 28 to the ICU. Hcy levels were significantly higher in ICU patients than in ward patients (p : 0.001). Of the 134 patients, 55 later required ICU treatment for various reasons and were transferred to the ICU. Hcy (p : 0.010), ferritin (p : 0.041), and LDH (p : 0.010) were significantly higher in patients who were transferred to the ICU than in patients who remained in the ward. The Hcy level was associated with a poor prognosis. It was found that each unit increase in the Hcy level approximately doubled the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio: 1.753). Discussion. There are few studies examining the association between high Hcy levels and disease severity in COVID-19. Our study supports previous studies and shows the association between the need for intensive care and high Hcy levels. Conclusion. A high Hcy value is a helpful marker in determining the need for critical care on admission to the emergency department and a marker of poor prognosis in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işılay Kalan Sarı
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Olgun Keskin
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Seremet Keskin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hamit Yaşar Elli̇dağ
- Department of Clinic of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Orbay Harmandar
- Department of Critical Care, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Effects of four weeks lasting aerobic physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers, oxidative stress and histomorphometric changes of heart and aorta in rats with experimentally induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:161-172. [PMID: 35759142 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia and aerobic physical activity on changes of cardiovascular biomarkers in sera, oxidative stress in cardiac tissue, and histomorphometric parameters of heart and aorta in rats. Experiments were conducted on male Wistar albino rats organized into four groups (n = 10, per group): C (control group): 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day; H (homocysteine group): homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day; CPA (control + physical activity group): 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day and a program of physical activity on a treadmill; and HPA (homocysteine + physical activity group) homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day and a program of physical activity on a treadmill. Substances were applied subcutaneously twice a day. Lipid peroxidation and relative activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase isoform were significantly higher in active hyperhomocysteinemic rats in comparison to sedentary animals. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in aorta samples of active hyperhomocysteinemic rats and also, they had increased left ventricle wall and interventricular septum, and transverse diameter of cardiomyocytes compared to sedentary groups. Aerobic physical activity in the condition of hyperhomocysteinemia can lead to increased oxidative stress in cardiac tissue and changes in histomorphometric parameters of the heart and aorta, as well increased lipid parameters and cardiac damage biomarkers in sera of rats.
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Filip N, Cojocaru E, Badulescu OV, Clim A, Pinzariu AC, Bordeianu G, Jehac AE, Iancu CE, Filip C, Maranduca MA, Sova IA, Serban IL. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Is Currently Known about Homocysteine Involvement? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:10. [PMID: 36611302 PMCID: PMC9818222 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world causing health, social and economic instability. The severity and prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with the presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy. Thrombosis is one of the most serious complications that can occur in patients with COVID-19. Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid considered a potential marker of thrombotic diseases. Our review aims to provide an updated analysis of the data on the involvement of homocysteine in COVID-19 to highlight the correlation of this amino acid with disease severity and the possible mechanisms by which it intervenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (I), Discipline of Morphopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bordeianu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Jehac
- Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Iancu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristiana Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Andreea Sova
- IOSUD Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Relevance of Plasma Homocysteine and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677TT Genotype in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314641. [PMID: 36498990 PMCID: PMC9736045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relevance of plasma homocysteine (HC) and the TT genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) in sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and ischemic stroke (IS). We identified in Embase and Medline 22 studies on plasma HC and 22 on MTHFR genotypes. Due to age-related HC differences, adult and paediatric SCD were separated: 879 adult SCD and 834 controls (CTR) yielded a neutral effect size; 427 paediatric SCD and 625 CTR favoured SCD (p = 0.001) with wide heterogeneity (I2 = 95.5%) and were sub-grouped by country: six studies (Dutch Antilles n = 1, USA n = 5) yielded a neutral effect size, four (India n = 1, Arab countries n = 3) favoured SCD (p < 0.0001). Moreover, 249 SCD in VOC and 419 out of VOC yielded a neutral effect size. The pooled prevalence of the MTHFR TT genotype in 267 SCD equalled that of 1199 CTR (4.26% vs. 2.86%, p = 0.45), and in 84 SCD with IS equalled that of 86 without IS (5.9% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.47); removal of one paediatric study yielded a significant effect size (p = 0.006). Plasma HC in paediatric SCD from Middle East and India was higher, possibly due to vitamin deficiencies. Despite its low prevalence in SCD, the MTHFR TT genotype relates to adult IS.
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Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of betaine in CBS and cblC deficiencies: a cross-over randomized controlled trial. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:417. [PMID: 36376887 PMCID: PMC9664596 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine is an "alternate" methyl donor for homocysteine remethylation catalyzed by betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), an enzyme mainly expressed in the liver and kidney. Betaine has been used for more than 30 years in pyridoxine non-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase (pnrCBS) and cobalamin C (cblC) deficiencies to lower the hyperhomocysteinemia, although little is known about the optimal therapeutic dosage and its pharmacokinetic in these patients. AIMS We compared 2 betaine doses (100 mg/kg/day vs. 250 mg/kg/day) in children affected by pnrCBS or cblC deficiencies. We also measured the pharmacokinetics parameters after a single dose of betaine (100 or 250 mg/kg) in these patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial with blinded evaluation. The primary outcome was the equivalence of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations upon one-month oral treatment with betaine at 100 versus 250 mg/kg/day. RESULTS Eleven patients completed the study (5 pnrCBS and 6 cblC). tHcy concentrations were equivalent after a one-month treatment period for the two betaine dosages. Multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of betaine dose on methionine (Met) (p = 0.01) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentrations (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that there is no overt benefit to increasing betaine dosage higher than 100 mg/kg/day to lower tHcy concentrations in pnrCBS and cblC deficiencies. However, increasing betaine up to 250 mg/kg/d could benefit cblC patients through the increase of methionine and SAM concentrations, as low Met and SAM concentrations are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. In contrast, in pnrCBS deficiency, betaine doses higher than 100 mg/kg/day could be harmful to these patients with pre-existing hypermethioninemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials, NCT02404337. Registered 23 May 2015-prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov .
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Epigenetic Regulation by microRNAs in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012452. [PMID: 36293305 PMCID: PMC9604464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature such as atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to this condition remain elusive. During the development of atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications influence gene expression. As such, epigenetic modifications are an adaptive response to endogenous and exogenous factors that lead to altered gene expression by methylation and acetylation reactions of different substrates and the action of noncoding RNA including microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic remodeling modulates cell biology in both physiological and physiopathological conditions. DNA and histone modification have been identified to have a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hyperHcy (HHcy)-related atherosclerosis disease remains poorly explored and might be essential as well. There is no review available yet summarizing the contribution of miRNAs to hyperhomocystein-mediated atherogenicity or their potential as therapeutic targets even though their important role has been described in numerous studies. Specifically, downregulation of miR-143 or miR-125b has been shown to regulate VSCMs proliferation in vitro. In preclinical studies, downregulation of miR-92 or miR195-3p has been shown to increase the accumulation of cholesterol in foam cells and increase macrophage inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation, respectively. Another preclinical study found that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Interestingly, a couple of studies have shown that miR-143 or miR-217 may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with HHcy that may develop atherosclerosis. Moreover, the current review will also update current knowledge on miRNA-based therapies, their challenges, and approaches to deal with Hcy-induced atherosclerosis.
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Ma C, Zhang W, Mao L, Zhang G, Shen Y, Chang H, Xu X, Li Z, Lu H. Hyperhomocysteinemia and intracranial aneurysm: A mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:948989. [PMID: 36247759 PMCID: PMC9554923 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.948989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the link between genetic variants associated with plasma homocysteine levels and risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human plasma homocysteine levels as instrumental variables for the primary analysis in a genome-wide association study of 44,147 subjects of European ancestry. Summary-level statistics were obtained for 79,429 individuals, including 7,495 IA cases and 71,934 controls. To enhance validity, five different Mendelian randomization methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, simple mode, and weighted mode) were used for the analyses. Results The inverse variance weighted analysis method produced P-values of 0.398 for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [odds ratio (OR): 1.104; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.878–1.387], 0.246 for IA (OR: 1.124; 95% CI: 0.923–1.368), and 0.644 for unruptured IA (OR: 1.126; 95% CI: 0.682–1.858). The MR-Egger analysis showed no association between IAs and homocysteine, with all P > 0.05. Conclusion Using gene-related instrumental variables, the Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrated a lack of an association between plasma homocysteine levels and IAs or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxiao Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Li
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Hua Lu
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APOE Genetic Polymorphism rs7412 T/T Genotype May Be a Risk Factor for Essential Hypertension among Hakka People in Southern China. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:8145896. [PMID: 36158751 PMCID: PMC9492438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8145896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the causes of hypertension is a genetic factor. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and essential hypertension in the Hakka population. Methods The study included 2,850 patients with hypertension and 2,034 controls. APOE rs429358, rs7412, and MTHFR rs1801133 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-microarray. The differences in these polymorphisms between the two groups were analyzed. Results The genotype and allele frequency of APOE and MTHFR polymorphisms did not differ significantly between hypertensive patients and controls. Patients with hypertension who were APOE rs429358C/C homozygous had higher TG, TC, LDL-C, and Apo-B levels, whereas patients with the T/T genotype had higher HDL-C levels. Patients with hypertension who were APOE rs7412T/T homozygous had higher TG and TC levels and lower LDL-C and Apo-B levels. Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in patients with MTHFR CC, CT, and TT genotypes were increased, while patients with the TT genotype and T allele had higher Hcy levels than those of patients with other genotypes and the C allele. The APOE rs7412T/T genotype in the co-dominant model (APOE rs7412T/T vs. C/C) (gender-, age-, smoking-, and drinking-adjusted OR 2.682, 95% CI, 1.072–6.710, P=0.035) was a significant risk factor for hypertension. The APOE rs429358 and MTHFR rs1801133 genotypes in co-dominant, dominant, and recessive models were not significant risk factors for hypertension. Conclusions It supports that APOE polymorphisms are related to hypertension in the Hakka population. Specifically, the APOE rs7412T/T genotype may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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Lei L, Zhou Y, Wang T, Zheng Z, Chen L, Pan Y. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase ablated the formation of aortic dissection by suppressing vascular inflammation and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109177. [PMID: 36049351 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal vascular disease in absence of effective pharmaceutical therapy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) plays a critical role in various cardiovascular diseases. Whether AMPKα is involved in the pathogenesis of aortic dissection remains unknown. We aimed to determine whether activation of AMPKα prevents the formation of AD. METHODS AND RESULTS Reduced expression of phosphorylated AMPKα (Thr172) and exacerbated phenotypic switching were observed in human aortic tissues from aortic dissection patients compared with those in tissues from controls. In vivo, the formation of aortic dissection in ApoE-/- mice was successfully induced by continuous infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) for two weeks, characterized by the activation of vascular inflammation, infiltration of macrophages and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). rAAV2-mediated overexpression of constitutively active AMPKα (CA-AMPKα) enhanced the expression of phosphorylated AMPKα (Thr172) and attenuated AngII-induced occurrence of aortic dissection by suppressing the infiltration of macrophages, activation of vascular inflammation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs. The pathogenesis above was conversely exacerbated by rAAV2-mediated overexpression of dominant negative AMPKα2 (DN-AMPKα). In vitro, we demonstrated that the administration of an AMPK agonist (AICAR) or transfection of CA-AMPKα induced the activation of AMPKα and then ameliorated AngII-induced phenotypic switching in the VSMCs and inflammation in the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). This could be reversed by the addition of AMPK inhibitor compound C or transfection of DN-AMPKα. CONCLUSION Impaired activation of AMPKα may increase the susceptibility to aortic dissection. Our findings verified the protective effects of AMPKα on the formation of aortic dissection and may provide evidence for clinical prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiemao Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Youmin Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Juvenile patients with the homozygous MTHFR C677T genotype develop ischemic stroke 5 years earlier than wild type. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:330-338. [PMID: 35917096 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To compare age at 1st ischaemic stroke (IS) in a cohort of juvenile (< 46 years of age) IS patients evaluated for the rs1801133 polymorphism (C → T677) of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene; to identify predictors of age at IS and of type of cerebral vessel involvement, small vessel disease (SVD) vs large vessel disease (LVD) responsible for the IS; to evaluate possible associations between other clinical and laboratory variables. Retrospective cohort study on 82 MTHFR TT, 54 MTHFR TC and 34 MTHFR CC participants; data regarding age, sex, age at IS, history of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, migraine and homocysteine (HC) as well as neuroimaging were collected. Age at IS was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (35 ± 4 vs 38 ± 0 vs 40 ± 3 years, respectively, p = 0.002); plasma HC (median, interquartile range) was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other groups [16.7 (11.8, 28.6) vs 11.4 (8.2, 16.1) vs 9.8 (7.9, 1.3) respectively, p < 0.0001)] and was higher in SVD than LVD [17.4 (12.4, 32.5) vs 11.4 (8.8, 16.4) p < 0.0001]. MTHFR TT independently predicted age at IS (p = 0.0008) alongside smoking both as a categorical (p = 0.003) or continuous variable (p = 0.02), whereas HC independently predicted SVD as categorical (p = 0.01) and continuous variable (p < 0.0001). Smoking positively predicted plasma HC (p = 0.005) and negatively the activated partial thromboplastin ratio (aPTTr) (p = 0.02). Juvenile IS carriers of the MTHFR TT genotype develop their 1st occlusion on average 5 years earlier compared to the CC genotype; smoking contributes to this prematurity adversely affecting plasma HC and coagulation whereas plasma HC predicts IS secondary to SVD. Public health campaigns against smoking should highlight the prematurity of IS in the juvenile population.
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Akhone MA, Bains A, Tosif MM, Chawla P, Fogarasi M, Fogarasi S. Apricot Kernel: Bioactivity, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152184. [PMID: 35892769 PMCID: PMC9332734 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apricot kernel, a by-product of apricot fruit, is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Moreover, it can be used for medicinal purposes and the formation of food ingredients. Several techniques have been adopted for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the apricot kernel such as solvent extraction, ultra-sonication, enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, and aqueous extraction. Apricot kernels may help to fight against various diseases such as cancer and cancer immunotherapy, as well as reduce blood pressure. Additionally, the kernel is famous due to its diverse industrial applications in various industries and fields of research such as thermal energy storage, the cosmetic industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the food industry. Especially in the food industry, the apricot kernel can be used in the preparation of low-fat biscuits, cookies, cakes, and the fabrication of antimicrobial films. Therefore, in this review article, the bioactivity of the apricot kernel is discussed along with its chemical or nutritional composition, characterizations, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ali Akhone
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Mansuri M. Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (M.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăstur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Szabolcs Fogarasi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Street, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wiedemann A, Oussalah A, Lamireau N, Théron M, Julien M, Mergnac JP, Augay B, Deniaud P, Alix T, Frayssinoux M, Feillet F, Guéant JL. Clinical, phenotypic and genetic landscape of case reports with genetically proven inherited disorders of vitamin B 12 metabolism: A meta-analysis. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100670. [PMID: 35764087 PMCID: PMC9381384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of B12 metabolism produce a broad spectrum of manifestations, with limited knowledge of the influence of age and the function of related genes. We report a meta-analysis on 824 patients with a genetically proven diagnosis of an inherited disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism. Gene clusters and age categories are associated with patients' manifestations. The "cytoplasmic transport" cluster is associated with neurological and ophthalmological manifestations, the "mitochondrion" cluster with hypotonia, acute metabolic decompensation, and death, and the "B12 availability" and "remethylation" clusters with anemia and cytopenia. Hypotonia, EEG abnormalities, nystagmus, and strabismus are predominant in the younger patients, while neurological manifestations, such as walking difficulties, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal syndrome, cerebral atrophy, psychiatric disorders, and thromboembolic manifestations, are predominant in the older patients. These results should prompt systematic checking of markers of vitamin B12 status, including homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, when usual causes of these manifestations are discarded in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Wiedemann
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Lamireau
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Maurane Théron
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Melissa Julien
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Baptiste Augay
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pauline Deniaud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tom Alix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Marine Frayssinoux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - François Feillet
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
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Zhang J, Yuan T, Wei S, Feng Z, Li B, Huang H. New strategy for clinical etiologic diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and blood biomarker discovery based on machine learning. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14716-14723. [PMID: 35702238 PMCID: PMC9109259 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a syndrome characterized by high morbidity, prevalence, mortality, recurrence and disability. The longer the delay before proper treatment of a stroke, the greater the likelihood of brain damage and disability. Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance are the primary choices for fast diagnosis of AIS in the early stage, which can provide certain information about infarction location and degree, and even the vascular distribution of lesions responsible for strokes. However, this is quite difficult to achieve in small clinics or at-home diagnoses. Hematology tests could quickly obtain a large number of pathology-related indicators, and offer an effective method for rapid AIS diagnosis when combined with the machine learning technique. To explore a reliable, predictable method for early clinical etiologic diagnosis of AIS, a retrospective study was deployed on 456 AIS patients at the early stage and 28 reference subjects without the symptoms of AIS, by means of the selected significant traits amongst 64 clinical and blood traits in conjunction with powerful machine learning strategies. Five representative biomarkers were closely related to cardioembolic (CE), 22 to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and 15 to small vessel occlusion (SVO) strokes, respectively. With these biomarkers, different etiologic subtypes of stroke patients were determined with high accuracy of >0.73, sensitivity of >0.73, and specificity of >0.70, which was comparable to the accuracy obtained in the emergency department by clinical diagnosis. The proposed method may offer an alternative strategy for the etiologic diagnosis of AIS at the early stage when integrating significant blood traits into machine learning. A rapid and safe strategy was proposed for clinical etiologic diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke at the early stage using clinical hematology traits and machine learning. Blood biomarkers were effectively identified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 China.,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Sixi Wei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 China.,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Neurological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 China
| | - Boyan Li
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 China.,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
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Ascenção K, Szabo C. Emerging roles of cystathionine β-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102331. [PMID: 35618601 PMCID: PMC9168780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the reverse transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is markedly increased in many forms of cancer, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast and kidney, while in other cancers (liver cancer and glioma) it becomes downregulated. According to the clinical database data in high-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. colon or ovarian cancer), high CBS expression typically predicts lower survival, while in the low-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. liver cancer), low CBS expression is associated with lower survival. In the high-CBS expressing tumor cells, CBS, and its product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a bioenergetic, proliferative, cytoprotective and stemness factor; it also supports angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the cancer microenvironment. The current article reviews the various tumor-cell-supporting roles of the CBS/H2S axis in high-CBS expressor cancers and overviews the anticancer effects of CBS silencing and pharmacological CBS inhibition in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo; it also outlines potential approaches for biomarker identification, to support future targeted cancer therapies based on pharmacological CBS inhibition.
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The Role of Amino Acids in Endothelial Biology and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081372. [PMID: 35456051 PMCID: PMC9030017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as an important component of the vascular system. It is a barrier between the blood and vessel wall. It plays an important role in regulating blood vessel tone, permeability, angiogenesis, and platelet functions. Several studies have shown that amino acids (AA) are key regulators in maintaining vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, survival, and function. This review summarizes the metabolic and signaling pathways of AAs in ECs and discusses the importance of AA homeostasis in the functioning of ECs and vascular homeostasis. It also discusses the challenges in understanding the role of AA in the development of cardiovascular pathophysiology and possible directions for future research.
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Cheng M, Xue H, Li X, Yan Q, Zhu D, Wang Y, Shi Y, Fu C. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and its major determinants among hypertensive patients over 35 years of age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:616-623. [PMID: 34462555 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypertension are associated with cardiovascular events. However, effects of Hcy-lowing interventions on cardiovascular outcome were conflicting. Serum folate level was proposed to be a possible determinant of efficacy of extra folate supplementation on cardiovascular outcome. The aims of the present study were to describe representative information on the levels of serum homocysteine and folate in hypertensive patients, and to explore the major determinants of HHcy. METHODS 11,007 participants with hypertension were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Blood pressure and serum levels of biochemical indicators were measured. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of HHcy. RESULTS Geometric mean of serum total homocysteine was 14.1 (95% CI: 13.9, 14.4) μmol/L and prevalence of HHcy was 36.1 (95% CI: 34.0, 38.1) % in hypertensive patients. HHcy was strongly associated with factors including male sex, older age, elevated serum creatinine (SCr), lower serum folate and vitamin B12, and uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Elevated SCr attributed to HHcy with the etiologic fraction of 0.29. The change of the odds ratio of HHcy associated with folate was significantly higher in patients with elevated SCr compared with that of patients with normal SCr. CONCLUSION The results suggested the protection of female sex and higher levels of folate and vitamin B12 from HHcy and attribution of older age and elevated SCr to HHcy. Restoring renal function deserved attention for hypertensive patients to benefit from Hcy-lowing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Cheng
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingliang Zhu
- Research Center for Hypertension Management and Prevention in Community, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center for Hypertension Management and Prevention in Community, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Division of Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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Guo Z, Li X, Wang T, Yang X, Fan L. Elevated serum homocysteine levels are associated with the development of chronic venous ulcers. Vasc Med 2022; 27:358-364. [PMID: 35361027 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221080486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous ulceration is a multifactorial disease, and whether hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) promotes deterioration from primary varicose veins to venous ulcers remains unproven. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 717 patients to investigate the potential correlation between HHcy and primary varicose veins ulcer formation, including 611 patients without ulcers (control group) and 106 with ulcers (case group). RESULTS In this study, 46.2% (49/106) of patients in the case group and 17.5% (107/611, p < 0.001) in the control group suffered from HHcy. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that HHcy was closely associated with the incidence of venous ulceration in patients with primary varicose veins (p < 0.001). Propensity score matching created 101 matched pairs of patients with and without ulcers, and the analysis pointed to a potential link between HHcy and ulcer formation in the context of primary varicose veins (p < 0.001). Additional experiments showed that HHcy could induce endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION Both clinical and experimental findings implicated HHcy as a key factor in the development of venous ulceration. Further research is needed to appraise the effectiveness of HHcy-lowering therapy in the prevention of venous ulcers in patients with varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shi Y, Wu Z, Wu J, Chen Z, Li P. Serum Homocysteine Level Is Positively Correlated With Serum Uric Acid Level in U.S. Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:818836. [PMID: 35425802 PMCID: PMC9001925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.818836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiologically, the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and serum uric acid (SUA) are closely related; however, clinical studies on the relationship between Hcy and SUA have drawn different conclusions and have not analyzed this association among adolescents. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the relationship between Hcy and SUA levels among adolescents. Methods In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the period 1999–2006, which included 5,404 adolescents aged 12–19 years. An elevated SUA level was defined as ≥5.5 mg/dL. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regression models were also applied in this study. Results The mean concentrations of Hcy and SUA were 6.0 μmol/L and 5.0 mg/dL, respectively, and 33.6% of the participants had SUA levels of ≥5.5 mg/dL. There was a dose–response relationship between Hcy and SUA, and Hcy was linearly positively correlated with SUA. The β value [95% confidence interval (CI)] for SUA in the fully adjusted model was1.43 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.68). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that per 1 increment in log-transformed Hcy, the risk of elevated SUA levels increased by 8.80 times (odds ratio, 8.80, 95% CI: 4.25, 18.20). Subgroup analyses showed that the relationship between Hcy and SUA was significantly different according to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stratification (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusion Hcy levels were positively correlated with SUA levels and elevated SUA levels among U.S. teenagers, and this effect was more significant among boys aged ≥17 years and among people with lower BMI and eGFR.
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The Controversial Role of HCY and Vitamin B Deficiency in Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071412. [PMID: 35406025 PMCID: PMC9003430 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine (HCY) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD and stroke. However, more than two decades of intensive research activities has failed to demonstrate that Hcy lowering through B-vitamin supplementation results in a reduction in CVD risk. Therefore, doubts about a causal involvement of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and B-vitamin deficiencies in atherosclerosis persist. Existing evidence indicates that HHcy increases oxidative stress, causes endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, alters DNA methylation and, thus, modulates the expression of numerous pathogenic and protective genes. Moreover, Hcy can bind directly to proteins, which can change protein function and impact the intracellular redox state. As most mechanistic evidence is derived from experimental studies with rather artificial settings, the relevance of these results in humans remains a matter of debate. Recently, it has also been proposed that HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies may promote CVD through accelerated telomere shortening and telomere dysfunction. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature regarding the role of HHcy and B-vitamin deficiencies in CVD. At present, the CVD risk associated with HHcy and B vitamins is not effectively actionable. Therefore, routine screening for HHcy in CVD patients is of limited value. However, B-vitamin depletion is rather common among the elderly, and in such cases existing deficiencies should be corrected. While Hcy-lowering with high doses of B vitamins has no beneficial effects in secondary CVD prevention, the role of Hcy in primary disease prevention is insufficiently studied. Therefore, more intervention and experimental studies are needed to address existing gaps in knowledge.
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Wu H, Huang Q, Yu Z, Zhong Z. Association of ALDH2 rs671 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms with hypertension among Hakka people in Southern China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:128. [PMID: 35346052 PMCID: PMC8962465 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to hypertension. Herein, the association between acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and hypertension was analyzed among Hakka population in southern China.
Methods
A total of 3057 hypertensive patients and 2215 controls were enrolled. The ALDH2 rs671 and MTHFR rs1801133 genotyping were analyzed using gene chip. Relevant information and medical records of these subjects were collected.
Results
Hypertensive patients with ALDH2 rs671 G/A heterozygous had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) than other genotypes (P < 0.001), while hypertensive patients with A allele had lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than patients with G allele (P < 0.001). The level of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with MTHFR CC, CT and TT genotypes showed an increasing trend (P < 0.001). The ALDH2 G/A genotype in the co-dominant model (adjusted OR 1.251, 95% CI 1.024–1.528, P = 0.028) and ALDH2 A/A genotype in the recessive model (adjusted OR 1.221, 95% CI 1.008–1.478, P = 0.041) were significant risk factors for the presence of hypertension. The MTHFR C/T genotype in the co-dominant model (adjusted OR 1.307, 95% CI 1.039–1.643, P = 0.022) and MTHFR C/T and T/T genotypes in the dominant model (adjusted OR 1.281, 95% CI 1.146–1.430, P < 0.001) were significant risk factors for the presence of hypertension. Further, logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking, alcohol consumption, hyperhomocysteinemia, and high level of serum TG, Apo-A1, Apo-B were significant risks for hypertension.
Conclusions
In summary, ALDH2 rs671 G/A, A/A genotypes and MTHFR rs1801133 C/T, T/T genotypes may be risk factors for hypertension in this Chinese Hakka population.
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Zamora-Pasadas M, Marfil-Álvarez R, González-Bustos P, Magán-Fernández A, Mesa F. Periodontitis is associated with higher subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:479-486. [PMID: 35293616 PMCID: PMC9311157 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine periodontitis prevalence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to assess whether periodontitis in SLE patients is associated with a greater subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS An observational case-control study was conducted in SLE (cases) and patients without any rheumatic diseases (controls), matched for sex. Sociodemographic and cardiometabolic variables were gathered, and SLE activity was assessed through several indexes. Periodontal examination registered probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and tooth loss. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) by Doppler velocimetry, homocysteine levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used to assess the association of any of the studied variables with SLE. RESULTS Seventy-one cases and 72 controls were included in the study. Thirty-nine SLE patients (54.9%) were diagnosed with periodontitis, compared with 16 controls (22.2%). High levels of PWV (≥7.7 m/s, 75th percentile) were shown by 44.3% of the cases vs. 22.4% of the controls (p = .011). Among SLE patients, those with periodontitis showed higher PWV values (8.1 ± 1.52 vs. 7.16 ± 1.11 m/s, p = .006) and higher homeostasis model assessment index (indicative of insulin resistance) (1.7 ± 0.73 vs. 2.92 ± 3.05, p = .028) compared to those with periodontal health. Logistic regression showed that waist circumference (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12, p = .015); ESR (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16, p = .003); and bleeding on probing (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, p = .018) were associated with the risk of SLE. CONCLUSION Systemic lupus erythematosus patients showed a higher periodontitis percentage than controls. Higher PWV values were found in SLE patients with periodontitis, indicating a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Patients with higher gingival bleeding showed a higher risk of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zamora-Pasadas
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Marfil-Álvarez
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Bustos
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Garavaglia ML, Giustarini D, Colombo G, Reggiani F, Finazzi S, Calatroni M, Landoni L, Portinaro NM, Milzani A, Badalamenti S, Rossi R, Dalle-Donne I. Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052853. [PMID: 35269995 PMCID: PMC8911004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
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Biswas M, Sawajan N, Rungrotmongkol T, Sanachai K, Ershadian M, Sukasem C. Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Approaches for the Improvement of COVID-19 Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835136. [PMID: 35250581 PMCID: PMC8894812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs are being administered to tackle coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situations without establishing clinical effectiveness or tailoring safety. A repurposing strategy might be more effective and successful if pharmacogenetic interventions are being considered in future clinical studies/trials. Although it is very unlikely that there are almost no pharmacogenetic data for COVID-19 drugs, however, from inferring the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic(PD) properties and some pharmacogenetic evidence in other diseases/clinical conditions, it is highly likely that pharmacogenetic associations are also feasible in at least some COVID-19 drugs. We strongly mandate to undertake a pharmacogenetic assessment for at least these drug-gene pairs (atazanavir-UGT1A1, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, APOA5; efavirenz-CYP2B6; nevirapine-HLA, CYP2B6, ABCB1; lopinavir-SLCO1B3, ABCC2; ribavirin-SLC28A2; tocilizumab-FCGR3A; ivermectin-ABCB1; oseltamivir-CES1, ABCB1; clopidogrel-CYP2C19, ABCB1, warfarin-CYP2C9, VKORC1; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-CYP2C9) in COVID-19 patients for advancing precision medicine. Molecular docking and computational studies are promising to achieve new therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current situation in the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents at four important targets from in silico studies has been described and summarized in this review. Although natural occurring compounds from different herbs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are favorable, however, accurate experimental investigation of these compounds is warranted to provide insightful information. Moreover, clinical considerations of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and drug-herb interactions (DHIs) of the existing repurposed drugs along with pharmacogenetic (e.g., efavirenz and CYP2B6) and herbogenetic (e.g., andrographolide and CYP2C9) interventions, collectively called multifactorial drug-gene interactions (DGIs), may further accelerate the development of precision COVID-19 therapies in the real-world clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohitosh Biswas
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nares Sawajan
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Sanachai
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maliheh Ershadian
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, The Preventive Genomics and Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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