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Cardona E, Segret E, Heraud C, Roy J, Vigor C, Gros V, Reversat G, Sancho-Zubeldia B, Oger C, Durbec A, Bertrand-Michel J, Surget A, Galano JM, Corraze G, Cachelou Y, Marchand Y, Durand T, Cachelou F, Skiba-Cassy S. Adverse effects of excessive dietary arachidonic acid on survival, PUFA-derived enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxylipins, stress response in rainbow trout fry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12376. [PMID: 38811794 PMCID: PMC11137042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (C20: 4n-6, AA) plays a fundamental role in fish physiology, influencing growth, survival and stress resistance. However, imbalances in dietary AA can have detrimental effects on fish health and performance. Optimal AA requirements for rainbow trout have not been established. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of varying dietary AA levels on survival, growth, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic capacity, oxylipin profiles, lipid peroxidation, and stress resistance of rainbow trout fry. Over a period of eight weeks, 4000 female rainbow trout fry at the resorptive stage (0.12 g) from their first feeding were fed diets with varying levels of AA (0.6%, 1.1% or 2.5% of total fatty acids) while survival and growth metrics were closely monitored. The dietary trial was followed by an acute confinement stress test. Notably, while the fatty acid profiles of the fish reflected dietary intake, those fed an AA-0.6% diet showed increased expression of elongase5, highlighting their inherent ability to produce LC-PUFAs from C18 PUFAs and suggesting potential AA or docosapentaenoic acidn-6 (DPAn-6) biosynthesis. However, even with this biosynthetic capacity, the trout fed reduced dietary AA had higher mortality rates. The diet had no effect on final weight (3.38 g on average for the three diets). Conversely, increased dietary AA enhanced eicosanoid production from AA, suggesting potential inflammatory and oxidative consequences. This was further evidenced by an increase in non-enzymatic lipid oxidation metabolites, particularly in the AA-2.5% diet group, which had higher levels of phytoprostanes and isoprostanes, markers of cellular oxidative damage. Importantly, the AA-1.1% diet proved to be particularly beneficial for stress resilience. This was evidenced by higher post-stress turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters central to the fish's stress response. In conclusion, a dietary AA intake of 1.1% of total fatty acids appears to promote overall resilience in rainbow trout fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- Viviers de Rébénacq, 64260, Rébénacq, France.
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | | | - Cécile Heraud
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jerome Roy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaelle Durbec
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Kleiber A, Roy J, Brunet V, Baranek E, Le-Calvez JM, Kerneis T, Batard A, Calvez S, Pineau L, Milla S, Guesdon V, Calandreau L, Colson V. Feeding predictability as a cognitive enrichment protects brain function and physiological status in rainbow trout: a multidisciplinary approach to assess fish welfare. Animal 2024; 18:101081. [PMID: 38335569 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive enrichment is a promising but understudied type of environmental enrichment that aims to stimulate the cognitive abilities of animals by providing them with more opportunities to interact with (namely, to predict events than can occur) and to control their environment. In a previous study, we highlighted that farmed rainbow trout can predict daily feedings after two weeks of conditioning, the highest conditioned response being elicited by the combination of both temporal and signalled predictability. In the present study, we tested the feeding predictability that elicited the highest conditioned response in rainbow trout (both temporal and signalled by bubbles, BUBBLE + TIME treatment) as a cognitive enrichment strategy to improve their welfare. We thus analysed the long-term effects of this feeding predictability condition as compared with an unpredictable feeding condition (RANDOM treatment) on the welfare of rainbow trout, including the markers in the modulation of brain function, through a multidisciplinary approach. To reveal the brain regulatory pathways and networks involved in the long-term effects of feeding predictability, we measured gene markers of cerebral activity and plasticity, neurotransmitter pathways and physiological status of fish (oxidative stress, inflammatory status, cell type and stress status). After almost three months under these predictability conditions of feeding, we found clear evidence of improved welfare in fish from BUBBLE + TIME treatment. Feeding predictability allowed for a food anticipatory activity and resulted in fewer aggressive behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps before mealtime. BUBBLE + TIME fish were also less active between meals, which is in line with the observed decreased expression of transcripts related to the dopaminergic system. BUBBLE + TIME fish tented to present fewer eroded dorsal fin and infections to the pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Decreased expression of most of the studied mRNA involved in oxidative stress and immune responses confirm these tendencies else suggesting a strong role of feeding predictability on fish health status and that RANDOM fish may have undergone chronic stress. Fish emotional reactivity while isolated in a novel-tank as measured by fear behaviour and plasma cortisol levels were similar between the two treatments, as well as fish weight and size. To conclude, signalled combined with temporal predictability of feeding appears to be a promising approach of cognitive enrichment to protect brain function via the physiological status of farmed rainbow trout in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kleiber
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France; INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France; INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - J Roy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - V Brunet
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - E Baranek
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - A Batard
- INRAE, PEIMA, 29450 Sizun, France
| | - S Calvez
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - L Pineau
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - S Milla
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - V Guesdon
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L Calandreau
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - V Colson
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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Roy J, Baranek E, Marandel L. Characterization of free fatty acid receptor family in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): towards a better understanding of their involvement in fatty acid signalisation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:130. [PMID: 36941594 PMCID: PMC10029227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 20 years of research, free fatty acids receptors (FFARs) have received considerable attention in mammals. To date, four FFARs (FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3 and FFAR4) are especially studied owing to their physiological importance in various biological processes. This ubiquitist group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are majors reports in the key physiological functions such as the regulation of energy balance, metabolism or fatty acid sensing. However, up till date, even some studies were interested in their potential involvement in fatty acid metabolism, no genome investigation of these FFARs have been carried out in teleost fish. Through genome mining and phylogenetic analysis, we identified and characterised 7 coding sequences for ffar2 in rainbow trout whereas no ffar3 nor ffar4 gene have been found. This larger repertoire of ffar2 genes in rainbow trout results from successive additional whole-genome duplications which occurred in early teleosts and salmonids, respectively. A syntenic analysis was used to assign a new nomenclature to the salmonid ffar2 and showed a clear conservation of genomic organisation, further supporting the identity of these genes as ffar2. RT-qPCR was then used to examine, firstly during ontogenesis and secondly on feeding response the expression pattern of ffar1 and ffar2 genes in proximal gut and brain of all trout ffar genes. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the ffar family in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Elodie Baranek
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
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Cardona E, Brunet V, Baranek E, Milhade L, Skiba-Cassy S, Bobe J, Calandreau L, Roy J, Colson V. Physical Enrichment Triggers Brain Plasticity and Influences Blood Plasma Circulating miRNA in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081093. [PMID: 35892949 PMCID: PMC9394377 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Overall, this study has reported that environmental enrichment significantly displayed a series of differentially expressed genes and pathways related to cerebral activity, neural plasticity (neurotrophic markers), neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis, essentially in telencephalon, which may underpin the beneficial effects of a complex environment on rainbow trout’s adaptive behaviors. In addition, environmental enrichment significantly influenced circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) profiles of plasma in rainbow trout, which reveals the high potential of c-miRNAs, as physiologically relevant biomarker candidates of fish behavioral plasticity. Abstract Physical enrichment is known to improve living conditions of fish held in farming systems and has been shown to promote behavioral plasticity in captive fish. However, the brain’s regulatory-mechanism systems underlying its behavioral effects remain poorly studied. The present study investigated the impact of a three-month exposure to an enriched environment (EE vs. barren environment, BE) on the modulation of brain function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Using high-throughput RT-qPCR, we assessed mRNA genes related to brain function in several areas of the trout brain. These included markers of cerebral activity and plasticity, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, or selected neurotransmitters pathways (dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin). Overall, the fish from EE displayed a series of differentially expressed genes (neurotrophic, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis markers) essentially localized in the telencephalon, which could underpin the beneficial effects of complexifying the environment on fish brain plasticity. In addition, EE significantly affected blood plasma c-miRNA signatures, as revealed by the upregulation of four c-miRNAs (miR-200b/c-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-205-1a-5p, miR-218a-5p) in fish blood plasma after 185 days of EE exposure. Overall, we concluded that complexifying the environment through the addition of physical structures that stimulate and encourage fish to explore promotes the trout’s brain function in farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- INRAE, INRAE, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.S.-C.)
| | | | - Elodie Baranek
- INRAE, INRAE, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.S.-C.)
| | - Léo Milhade
- IRISA, INRIA, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, INRAE, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.S.-C.)
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, LPGP, 35000 Rennes, France; (V.B.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, INRAE, Université de Pau & Pays Adour, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Violaine Colson
- INRAE, LPGP, 35000 Rennes, France; (V.B.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.C.)
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Heraud C, Hirschinger T, Baranek E, Larroquet L, Surget A, Sandres F, Lanuque A, Terrier F, Roy J. Detection and Modulation of Olfactory Sensing Receptors in Carnivorous Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed from First Feeding with Plant-Based Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042123. [PMID: 35216238 PMCID: PMC8876700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sense of smell is mediated by diverse families of olfactory sensing receptors, conveying important dietary information, fundamental for growth and survival. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the sensory olfactory pathways in the regulation of feeding behavior of carnivorous rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), from first feeding until 8 months. Compared to a commercial diet, RT fed with a total plant-based diet showed drastically altered growth performance associated with feed intake from an early stage. Exhaustive examination of an RT genome database identified three vomeronasal type 1 receptor-like (ORA), 10 vomeronasal type 2 receptor-like (OLFC) and 14 main olfactory receptor (MOR) genes, all highly expressed in sensory organs, indicating their potential functionality. Gene expression after feeding demonstrated the importance in olfactory sensing perception of some OLFC (olfcg6) and MOR (mor103, -107, -112, -113, -133) receptor family genes in RT. The gene ora1a showed evidence of involvement in olfactory sensing perception for fish fed with a commercial-like diet, while ora5b, mor118, mor124 and olfch1 showed evidence of involvement in fish fed with a plant-based diet. Results indicated an impact of a plant-based diet on the regulation of olfactory sensing pathways as well as influence on monoaminergic neurotransmission in brain areas related to olfactory-driven behaviors. The overall findings suggest that feeding behavior is mediated through olfactory sensing detection and olfactory-driven behavior pathways in RT.
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ALNABI DIBA, AL-YOUNIS ZK, AL-HATIM RR, AL-SHAWI SG, YOUSIF AY, MUSTAFA YF, JALIL AT. Safety assessment of antimicrobials in food packaging paper based on LC-MS method. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.68821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abduladheem Turki JALIL
- Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Belarus; The Islamic University, Iraq; Kut University College, Iraq
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Effects of Low Stocking Densities on Zootechnical Parameters and Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101040. [PMID: 34681138 PMCID: PMC8533621 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Overall, this study has reported that lower stocking density significantly altered survival with several fish dying during the experiment and an alteration of growth and feed efficiency for the remaining fish. Concomitantly, our results showed that low stocking density induced a chronic stress altering the physiological responses of trout (parameters related to welfare, immune and inflammatory systems). Our results supported the hypothesis that a minimum number of fish is essential for culturing fish farmed in order to maintain healthy physiological responses allowing them an optimal growth. Abstract The present study investigated the effect of low stocking density on growth, survival, feed parameters and physiological responses (blood metabolites, welfare indicators, immune biomarkers, and transcriptomic responses of stress and immune-related genes) on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under a recirculating aquaculture system during 12 weeks. Fish (average weight 29.64 g) were reared in triplicate under four initial densities: nine fish per tank (D9, 3.76 ± 0.06 kg/m3), 18 fish per tank (D18, 7.66 ± 0.18 kg/m3), 27 fish per tank (D27, 9.67 ± 0.01 kg/m3) and 36 fish per tank (D36, 12.94 ± 0.14 kg/m3). Results showed that lower stocking density D9 significantly altered survival with several fish dying during the experiment and an alteration of growth and feed efficiency for the remaining fish. In parallel, the study revealed that low stocking density induced a chronic stress altering the physiological responses of trout by dysregulation of the inflammatory, immune system, and indolamine/catecholamine brain levels. In conclusion, regarding all the variables observed, low stocking density (D9) alters survival, growth and feed efficiency of rainbow trout with alteration of their physiological responses. Selecting appropriate fish density relating to rearing conditions proved to be an essential concern to improve welfare in an aquaculture context.
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