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Nguyen NH, Nguyen QT, Dang DH, Emery RJN. Phytohormones enhance heavy metal responses in Euglena gracilis: Evidence from uptake of Ni, Pb and Cd and linkages to hormonomic and metabolomic dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121094. [PMID: 36682616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant effort has been made to understand phytohormonal functions (e.g., cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA)) in metal stress responses of higher plants and algae. Despite the potential for these phytohormones to improve industrial remediation by Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae), no such roles have been elucidated for this highly adaptive species and its response to heavy metals. This study demonstrates that toxic metals (nickel, lead, cadmium) modify hormonal activity profiles (i.e., CK forms and their concentrations) in E. gracilis. Furthermore, exogenous ABA or CK (tZ) enabled higher metal uptake efficiency (i.e., 9.35% in lead and 9.2% in cadmium uptake with CK) and alleviated metal toxicity through the regulation of endogenous CKs (i.e., total CK, isoprenoid CK) and gibberellin (GAs, GA1 and GA3) levels. These responses suggest that E. gracilis regulates multiple phytohormone signals during metal stress acclimation. A deeper approach, using untargeted metabolomic analyses, gave more detailed insight into phytohormone-controlled pathways and associated modified metabolites, which were frequently related to metal accumulation and the physiological acclimation to metal presence. Significant changes in the levels of cellular metabolites, especially those involved in acclimation to metal stress, were under the influence of phytohormones in algal cells. When grown under metal stress conditions, the presence of exogenous ABA or CKs, caused changes in cellular metabolites which included those from: lipid pathways, riboflavin metabolism, the biosynthesis of cofactors/vitamins, and carbohydrate metabolism. Also, bioactive secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids) were modified in algal cells treated with phytohormones. Thus, the study gives a detailed view on the regulatory functions of ABA and CKs in algal metal bioremediation strategies, which are attributed to enhanced metal uptake and in the fine-tuning of plant hormone levels during metal stress response. The results can guide efforts to develop efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly methods for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hai Nguyen
- Trent University, Department of Biology, Peterborough, Canada.
| | | | - Duc Huy Dang
- Trent University, School of the Environment and Chemistry Department, Peterborough, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Trent University, Department of Biology, Peterborough, Canada
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Ebenezer TE, Low RS, O'Neill EC, Huang I, DeSimone A, Farrow SC, Field RA, Ginger ML, Guerrero SA, Hammond M, Hampl V, Horst G, Ishikawa T, Karnkowska A, Linton EW, Myler P, Nakazawa M, Cardol P, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saville BJ, Shah MR, Simpson AGB, Sur A, Suzuki K, Tyler KM, Zimba PV, Hall N, Field MC. Euglena International Network (EIN): Driving euglenoid biotechnology for the benefit of a challenged world. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059561. [PMID: 36412269 PMCID: PMC9836076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. Euglenoids combine a biotechnological potential with a unique position in the eukaryotic tree of life. In large part these microbes owe this success to diverse genetics including secondary endosymbiosis and likely additional sources of genes. Multiple euglenoid species have translational applications and show great promise in production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, cancer treatments and more exotically as robotics design simulators. An absence of reference genomes currently limits these applications, including development of efficient tools for identification of critical factors in regulation, growth or optimization of metabolic pathways. The Euglena International Network (EIN) seeks to provide a forum to overcome these challenges. EIN has agreed specific goals, mobilized scientists, established a clear roadmap (Grand Challenges), connected academic and industry stakeholders and is currently formulating policy and partnership principles to propel these efforts in a coordinated and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Echezona Ebenezer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ross S. Low
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Ishuo Huang
- Office of Regulatory Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Scott C. Farrow
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Michael L. Ginger
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Sergio Adrián Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. CCT CONICET Santa Fe, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Michael Hammond
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Geoff Horst
- Kemin Industries, Research and Development, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Anna Karnkowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Peter Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Department of Life Sciences, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Barry J. Saville
- Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Mahfuzur R. Shah
- Discovery Biology, Noblegen Inc., Peterborough, Ontario K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aakash Sur
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- R&D Company, Euglena Co., Ltd., 2F Yokohama Bio Industry Center (YBIC), 1-6 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Center of Excellence for Bionanoscience Research, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- PVZimba, LLC, 12241 Percival St, Chester, VA 23831, USA
- Rice Rivers Center, VA Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Neil Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mark C. Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Xia C, Zeng X, Peng L, Pan D, Wu Z, Guo Y, Cai Z. The function of uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in the lyophilization-stress response of Lactobacillus acidophilus. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) plays an important role in glucose metabolism, catalyzing the reversible formation and decomposition of UDP-glucose (UDPG). In previous work, we found that UGPase is a key enzyme in lyophilization response for Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). However, its function and regulatory mechanism in the freeze-drying stress response are unknown. Herein, the effect of UGPase on freeze-drying survival rate of Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) was studied.
Methods
In this work, the genes LBA1719 encoding UGPase of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 were inserted into plasmid pMG-36e to construct the recombinant plasmid pMG-LBA1719 and then overexpressed in S. carnosus; the control group was S. carnosus transformed by pMG-36e. The lyophilization-survival rate of overexpressed S. carnosus was determined, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by transcriptome to disclose the mechanism of LBA1719 in regulating the lyophilization-survival rate.
Results
Compared with the control group, the UGPase activities of the overexpressed S. carnosus increased by 35.49%, while the lyophilization-survival rates decreased by 11.17% (p < 0.05). Overexpression of LBA1719 decreased the expression of genes gapA, gapB, and pgiA in carbohydrate metabolism and dapA, dapB, and dapE in amino acid metabolism, significantly changing the physiological characteristics of S. carnosus and decreasing its lyophilization-survival rate.
Conclusion
In summary, overexpression of UGPase accelerated the growth rate of S. carnosus and reduced its lyophilization-survival rates. GapA, gapB, pgiA, dapA, dapB, and dapE are vital to lyophilization protection in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These findings provide new theoretical basis for analyzing the regulatory and molecular mechanisms of lyophilization resistance in LABs.
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Du M, Chen Z, Liu Q, Zhu H, Lei A, Wang J. A Synthetic Biology Perspective on the Bioengineering Tools for an Industrial Microalga: Euglena gracilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882391. [PMID: 35464731 PMCID: PMC9020809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that show both plant- and animal-like characteristics. Euglena gracilis, a model species, is of great academic interest for studying endosymbiosis and chloroplast development. As an industrial species, E. gracilis is also of primary biotechnological and economic importance as high value-added food, medicine, and cosmetic and high-quality feedstock for jet-fuel production because of its cells containing many high-value products, such as vitamins, amino acids, pigments, unsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrate paramylon, as metabolites. For more than half a century, E. gracilis has been used as an industrial biotechnology platform for fundamental biology research, mainly exploring relevant physiological and biochemical method studies. Although many researchers focused on genetic engineering tools for E. gracilis in recent years, little progress has been achieved because of the lack of high-quality genome information and efficient techniques for genetic operation. This article reviewed the progress of the genetic transformation of E. gracilis, including methods for the delivery of exogenous materials and other advanced biotechnological tools for E. gracilis, such as CRISPR and RNA interference. We hope to provide a reference to improve the research in functional genomics and synthetic biology of Euglena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangxin Wang,
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