1
|
Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Teresa Conconi M, Barozzi M, Giri P, Sundararajan R, Sieni E. Electroporation enhances cell death in 3D scaffold-based MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108734. [PMID: 38762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and hence, is therapeutically challenging. Towards this, we studied an alternate therapy by repurposing metformin (FDA-approved type-2 diabetic drug with anticancer properties) in a 3D-scaffold culture, with electrical pulses. 3D cell culture was used to simulate the tumor microenvironment more closely and MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells, treated with both 5 mM metformin (Met) and 8 electrical pulses at 2500 V/cm, 10 µs (EP1) and 800 V/cm, 100 µs (EP2) at 1 Hz were studied in 3D and 2D. They were characterized using cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose uptake, and lactate production assays at 24 h. Cell viability, as low as 20 % was obtained with EP1 + 5 mM Met. They exhibited 1.65-fold lower cell viability than 2D with EP1 + 5 mM Met. ROS levels indicated a 2-fold increase in oxidative stress for EP1 + 5 mM Met, while the glucose uptake was limited to only 9 %. No significant change in the lactate production indicated glycolytic arrest and a non-conducive environment for MDA-MB-231 growth. Our results indicate that 3D cell culture, with a more realistic tumor environment that enhances cell death using metformin and electrical pulses could be a promising approach for TNBC therapeutic intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G Camarillo
- Deptartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Barozzi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Pragatheiswar Giri
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferretti L, Moccia V, Centelleghe C, Venerando A, Dettin M, Sieni E, Zamuner A, Caicci F, Castagnaro M, Zappulli V, Mazzariol S. Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) immortalized fibroblasts on novel 3D in vitro collagen-free scaffolds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304992. [PMID: 38861523 PMCID: PMC11166351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dolphins, as apex predators, can be considered relevant sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. The creation of 3D cell models to assess in vitro cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions in environmental-mimicking conditions, is of considerable interest. However, to date the establishment of cetacean 3D culture systems has not yet been accomplished. Thus, in this study, different 3D systems of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin fibroblasts have been analyzed. Particularly, novel scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid and ionic-complementary self-assembling peptides such as RGD-EAbuK and EAbuK-IKVAV have been compared to Matrigel. Histological and fluorescent staining, electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and viability assays have been performed and RT-PCR has been used to detect extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by cells. Results showed that Matrigel induced cells to form aggregates with lower viability and no ECM production compared to the novel scaffolds. Moreover, scaffolds allowed dispersed cells to produce a collagenous ECM containing collagen1a1, laminin B1 and elastin. The HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold resulted in the most suitable 3D model in terms of cell quantity and viability. The development of this innovative approach is the first step towards the possibility to create 3D in vitro models for this protected species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Ferretti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Venerando
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Vitis E, Stanzione A, Romano A, Quattrini A, Gigli G, Moroni L, Gervaso F, Polini A. The Evolution of Technology-Driven In Vitro Models for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304989. [PMID: 38366798 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The alteration in the neural circuits of both central and peripheral nervous systems is closely related to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Despite significant research efforts, the knowledge regarding NDD pathological processes, and the development of efficacious drugs are still limited due to the inability to access and reproduce the components of the nervous system and its intricate microenvironment. 2D culture systems are too simplistic to accurately represent the more complex and dynamic situation of cells in vivo and have therefore been surpassed by 3D systems. However, both models suffer from various limitations that can be overcome by employing two innovative technologies: organ-on-chip and 3D printing. In this review, an overview of the advantages and shortcomings of both microfluidic platforms and extracellular matrix-like biomaterials will be given. Then, the combination of microfluidics and hydrogels as a new synergistic approach to study neural disorders by analyzing the latest advances in 3D brain-on-chip for neurodegenerative research will be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Vitis
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonella Stanzione
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamuner A, Dettin M, Dall'Olmo L, Campana LG, Mognaschi ME, Conconi MT, Sieni E. Development of 3D melanoma cultures on a hyaluronic acid-based scaffold with synthetic self-assembling peptides: Electroporation enhancement. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108624. [PMID: 38104458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin is an effective antitumor treatment. Still, researchers are investigating new drugs and electroporation conditions to improve its efficacy. To this aim, in vivo assays are accurate but expensive and ethically questionable. Conversely, in vitro assays, although cheaper and straightforward, do not reflect the architecture of the biological tissue because they lack a tridimensional (3D) structure (as in the case of two-dimensional [2D] in vitro assays) or do not include all the extracellular matrix components (as in the case of 3D in vitro scaffolds). To address this issue, 3D in vitro models have been proposed, including spheroids and hydrogel-based cultures, which require a suitable low-conductive medium to allow cell membrane electroporation. In this study, a synthetic scaffold based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and self-assembling peptides (SAPs; EAbuK), condensed with a Laminin-derived adhesive sequence (IKVAV), is proposed as a reliable alternative. We compare SKMEL28 cells cultured in the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold to the control (HA only scaffold). Three days after seeding, the culture on the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold showed collagen production. SKMEL28 cells cultured on the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold started to be electroporated at 400 V/cm, whereas, at the same electric field intensity, those cultured on HA were not. As a reference, 2D experiments showed that electroporation of SKMEL28 cells starts at 600 V/cm using an electroporation buffer and at 800 V/cm in a culture medium, but with very low efficiency (<50 % of cells electroporated). 3D cultures on HA-EAbuK-IKVAV allowed the simulation of a more reliable microenvironment and may represent a valuable tool for studying electroporation conditions. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to compute the transmembrane potential, we detected the influence of inhomogeneity of the extracellular matrix on electroporation effect. Our 3D cell culture electroporation simulations showed that the transmembrane potential increased when collagen surrounded the cells. Of note, in the collagen-enriched HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold, EP was already improved at lower electric field intensities. This study shows the influence of the extracellular matrix on electric conductivity and electric field distribution on cell membrane electroporation and supports the adoption of more reliable 3D scaffolds in experimental electroporation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annj Zamuner
- Padova University, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova University, Department of Industrial Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Padova University, Department of Industrial Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Padova University, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, DISCOG. Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Department of Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Rd, M13 9WL, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Evelina Mognaschi
- Pavia University, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, via Ferrata, 5, 21100 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Padova University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- University of Insubria, Department of theoretical and applied sciences, via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mendonça FF, Sobral DV, Durante ACR, Miranda ACC, Mejia J, de Paula Faria D, Marques FLN, de Barboza MF, Fuscaldi LL, Malavolta L. Assessment of bioactive peptides derived from laminin-111 as prospective breast cancer-targeting agents. Amino Acids 2024; 56:1. [PMID: 38285098 PMCID: PMC10824877 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a pressing public health issue primarily affecting women. Recent research has spotlighted bioactive peptides derived from laminin-111, implicated in breast tumor development. Remarkably, the sequences IKVAV, YIGSR, and KAFDITYVRLKF from the α1, β1, and γ1 chains, respectively, have garnered significant attention. This study aims to assess the potential of these radiolabeled peptides as targeting agents for breast cancer. The three peptides were synthesized using the Fmoc strategy, purified via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and characterized through mass spectrometry. Iodine-131 (131I) radiolabeling was performed using the chloramine T method, exhibiting high radiochemical yield and stability for [131I]I-YIKVAV and [131I]I-YIGSR. Conversely, [131I]I-KAFDITYVRLKF demonstrated low radiochemical yield and stability and was excluded from the biological studies. The lipophilicity of the compounds ranged from - 2.12 to - 1.10. Serum protein binding assay for [131I]I-YIKVAV and [131I]I-YIGSR reached ≅ 48% and ≅ 25%, respectively. Affinity for breast cancer cells was evaluated using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines, indicating the affinity of the radiopeptides with these tumor cells. Ex vivo biodistribution profiles of the radiopeptides were assessed in the MDA-MB-231 breast tumor animal model, revealing tumor tissue accumulation, supported by a high tumor-to-contralateral muscle ratio and autoradiography. These results signify the effective penetration of YIKVAV and YIGSR into tumor tissue. Therefore, the synthesized α1 and β1 peptide fragments exhibit favorable characteristics as potential breast cancer-targeting agents, promising future exploration as radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ferreira Mendonça
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesareo Motta Jr. 61, Sao Paulo, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Danielle Vieira Sobral
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesareo Motta Jr. 61, Sao Paulo, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Ranucci Durante
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesareo Motta Jr. 61, Sao Paulo, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mejia
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, 05521-200, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesareo Motta Jr. 61, Sao Paulo, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Malavolta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesareo Motta Jr. 61, Sao Paulo, CEP 01221-020, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chastagnier L, Marquette C, Petiot E. In situ transient transfection of 3D cell cultures and tissues, a promising tool for tissue engineering and gene therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108211. [PMID: 37463610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Various research fields use the transfection of mammalian cells with genetic material to induce the expression of a target transgene or gene silencing. It is a tool widely used in biological research, bioproduction, and therapy. Current transfection protocols are usually performed on 2D adherent cells or suspension cultures. The important rise of new gene therapies and regenerative medicine in the last decade raises the need for new tools to empower the in situ transfection of tissues and 3D cell cultures. This review will present novel in situ transfection methods based on a chemical or physical non-viral transfection of cells in tissues and 3D cultures, discuss the advantages and remaining gaps, and propose future developments and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chastagnier
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Marquette
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhattacharyya M, Jariyal H, Srivastava A. Hyaluronic acid: More than a carrier, having an overpowering extracellular and intracellular impact on cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121081. [PMID: 37364954 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), also named hyaluronan, is an omnipresent component of the tissue microenvironment. It is extensively used to formulate targeted drug delivery systems for cancer. Although HA itself has pivotal influences in various cancers, its calibers are somewhat neglected when using it as delivering platform to treat cancer. In the last decade, multiple studies revealed roles of HA in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and dormancy through pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), P38, and nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). A more fascinating fact is that the distinct molecular weight (MW) of HA exerts disparate effects on the same type of cancer. Its overwhelming use in cancer therapy and other therapeutic products make collective research on the sundry impact of it on various types of cancer, an essential aspect to be considered in all of these domains. Even the development of new therapies against cancer needed meticulous studies on HA because of its divergence of activity based on MW. This review will provide painstaking insight into the extracellular and intracellular bioactivity of HA, its modified forms, and its MW in cancers, which may improve the management of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sieni E, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Conconi MT, Bazzolo B, Balducci C, Di Barba P, Forzan M, Lamberti P, Mognaschi ME. Finite Element Evaluation of the Electric Field Distribution in a Non-Homogeneous Environment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1062. [PMID: 37760163 PMCID: PMC10525744 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finite element analysis is used in this study to investigate the effect of media inhomogeneity on the electric field distribution in a sample composed of cells and their extracellular matrix. The sample is supposed to be subjected to very high pulsed electric field. Numerically computed electric field distribution and transmembrane potential at the cell membrane in electroporation conditions are considered in order to study cell behavior at different degrees of inhomogeneity. The different inhomogeneity grade is locally obtained using a representative model of fixed volume with cell-cell distance varying in the range of 1-283 um. The conductivity of the extracellular medium was varied between plain collagen and a gel-like myxoid matrix through combinations of the two, i.e., collagen and myxoid. An increase in the transmembrane potential was shown in the case of higher aggregate. The results obtained in this study show the effect of the presence of the cell aggregates and collagen on the transmembrane potential. In particular, by increasing the cell aggregation in the two cases, the transmembrane potential increased. Finally, the simulation results were compared to experimental data obtained by culturing HCC1954 cells in a hyaluronic acid-based scaffold. The experimental validation confirmed the behavior of the transmembrane potential in presence of the collagen: an increase in electroporation at a lower electric field intensity was found for the cells cultured in the scaffolds where there is the formation of collagen areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Italian Interuniversity Center ICEMB (Interaction between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems), DIET University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (P.L.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.D.); (C.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Bianca Bazzolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Cristian Balducci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.D.); (C.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Paolo Di Barba
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia University, Via Ferrata 5, 21100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michele Forzan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.D.); (C.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Patrizia Lamberti
- Italian Interuniversity Center ICEMB (Interaction between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems), DIET University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (P.L.); (M.E.M.)
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Evelina Mognaschi
- Italian Interuniversity Center ICEMB (Interaction between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems), DIET University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (P.L.); (M.E.M.)
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia University, Via Ferrata 5, 21100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahuja V, Bhatt AK, Banu JR, Kumar V, Kumar G, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071801. [PMID: 37050415 PMCID: PMC10098801 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), e.g., xanthan, dextran, gellan, curdlan, etc., have significant applications in several industries (pharma, food, textiles, petroleum, etc.) due to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and functional characteristics. However, biodegradability, poor cell adhesion, mineralization, and lower enzyme activity are some other factors that might hinder commercial applications in healthcare practices. Some EPSs lack biological activities that make them prone to degradation in ex vivo, as well as in vivo environments. The blending of EPSs with other natural and synthetic polymers can improve the structural, functional, and physiological characteristics, and make the composites suitable for a diverse range of applications. In comparison to EPS, composites have more mechanical strength, porosity, and stress-bearing capacity, along with a higher cell adhesion rate, and mineralization that is required for tissue engineering. Composites have a better possibility for biomedical and healthcare applications and are used for 2D and 3D scaffold fabrication, drug carrying and delivery, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and engineering. However, the commercialization of these products still needs in-depth research, considering commercial aspects such as stability within ex vivo and in vivo environments, the presence of biological fluids and enzymes, degradation profile, and interaction within living systems. The opportunities and potential applications are diverse, but more elaborative research is needed to address the challenges. In the current article, efforts have been made to summarize the recent advancements in applications of exopolysaccharide composites with natural and synthetic components, with special consideration of pharma and healthcare applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - J. Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A Review of Biomimetic and Biodegradable Magnetic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054312. [PMID: 36901743 PMCID: PMC10001544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects characterized by limited regenerative properties are considered a priority in surgical practice, as they are associated with reduced quality of life and high costs. In bone tissue engineering, different types of scaffolds are used. These implants represent structures with well-established properties that play an important role as delivery vectors or cellular systems for cells, growth factors, bioactive molecules, chemical compounds, and drugs. The scaffold must provide a microenvironment with increased regenerative potential at the damage site. Magnetic nanoparticles are linked to an intrinsic magnetic field, and when they are incorporated into biomimetic scaffold structures, they can sustain osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis. Some studies have shown that combining ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic nanoparticles and external stimuli such as an electromagnetic field or laser light can enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis and even lead to cancer cell death. These therapies are based on in vitro and in vivo studies and could be included in clinical trials for large bone defect regeneration and cancer treatments in the near future. We highlight the scaffolds' main attributes and focus on natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials combined with magnetic nanoparticles and their production methods. Then, we underline the structural and morphological aspects of the magnetic scaffolds and their mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties. Great attention is devoted to the magnetic field effects on bone cells, biocompatibility, and osteogenic impact of the polymeric scaffolds reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles. We explain the biological processes activated due to magnetic particles' presence and underline their possible toxic effects. We present some studies regarding animal tests and potential clinical applications of magnetic polymeric scaffolds.
Collapse
|
11
|
Trossmann VT, Scheibel T. Design of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins for Cell Type Specific Binding. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202660. [PMID: 36565209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytophilic (cell-adhesive) materials are very important for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, for engineering hierarchically organized tissue structures comprising different cell types, cell-specific attachment and guidance are decisive. In this context, materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins are promising scaffolds, since they exhibit high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the underlying proteins can be genetically functionalized. Here, previously established spider silk variants based on the engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (eADF4(C16)) are genetically modified with cell adhesive peptide sequences from extracellular matrix proteins, including IKVAV, YIGSR, QHREDGS, and KGD. Interestingly, eADF4(C16)-KGD as one of 18 tested variants is cell-selective for C2C12 mouse myoblasts, one out of 11 tested cell lines. Co-culturing with B50 rat neuronal cells confirms the cell-specificity of eADF4(C16)-KGD material surfaces for C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tanja Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Egorova EA, Nikitin MP. Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213735. [PMID: 36430214 PMCID: PMC9696485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells. The integrin receptor family has been studied as a target for cancer treatment for almost fifty years. However, systematic knowledge on their effects on cancer cells, is yet lacking, especially when utilized as an active targeting ligand for particulate formulations. Decoration with various integrin-targeting peptides has been reported to increase nanoparticle accumulation in tumors ≥ 3-fold when compared to passively targeted delivery. In recent years, many newly discovered or rationally designed integrin-binding peptides with excellent specificity towards a single integrin receptor have emerged. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of previously unreviewed integrin-binding peptides, provide diverse modification routes for nanoparticle conjugation, and showcase the most notable examples of their use for tumor and metastases visualization and eradication to date, as well as possibilities for combined cancer therapies for a synergetic effect. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in integrin-binding peptide development and is directed to aid transition to the development of novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Egorova
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 1 Meditsinskaya Str., 603081 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Comparative Review of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Composite Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071105. [PMID: 33808492 PMCID: PMC8037451 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine integrate information and technology from various fields to restore/replace tissues and damaged organs for medical treatments. To achieve this, scaffolds act as delivery vectors or as cellular systems for drugs and cells; thereby, cellular material is able to colonize host cells sufficiently to meet up the requirements of regeneration and repair. This process is multi-stage and requires the development of various components to create the desired neo-tissue or organ. In several current TE strategies, biomaterials are essential components. While several polymers are established for their use as biomaterials, careful consideration of the cellular environment and interactions needed is required in selecting a polymer for a given application. Depending on this, scaffold materials can be of natural or synthetic origin, degradable or nondegradable. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic polymers and their possible composite scaffolds with their physicochemical properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, morphology, mechanical strength, pore size, and porosity are discussed. The scaffolds fabrication techniques and a few commercially available biopolymers are also tabulated.
Collapse
|