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Jain K, Paulraj J, Maiti S, Shanmugam R. Green Synthesis and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Compressive Resilience of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified With Zirconia Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62837. [PMID: 39036136 PMCID: PMC11260404 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glass ionomer cement (GIC) serves as a crucial biomaterial in dental restoration, offering applications in filling, lining, and adhesive procedures. Nevertheless, its mechanical properties often fall short, particularly in regions subjected to considerable stress. To address this issue, zirconia nanoparticles are incorporated at specific levels. Aim To assess the antimicrobial efficacy and compressive resilience of GIC modified with zirconia nanoparticles synthesized through green synthesis methods. Material and methods Zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized via a green method utilizing aloe vera extract in solvent form. These nanoparticles were then mixed into GIC at different concentration levels. Group I incorporated zirconia nanoparticles at a concentration of 3%, Group II at 5%, and Group III at 10%, while Group IV was the control, consisting of traditional GIC. Following that, samples were prepared and underwent characterization through various analytical techniques. The ability to inhibit microbial growth and the compressive resilience of the groups were examined. Microbial inhibition against the bacterial strains was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the ability to withstand compression was gauged by measuring the maximum force the specimen could endure before fracturing. Data underwent analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 24.0, Armonk, NY). Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to gauge average MIC values and compressive strength. Following this, Tukey's post hoc test was employed for pairwise comparisons. Results The findings indicated, incorporating zirconia nanoparticles into GIC led to an improvement in its antimicrobial effectiveness, with a noticeable enhancement observed as the weight percent (% wt) of the additive increased. This improvement was notably noticeable in its effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, exceeding that of the control with a noteworthy distinction. Furthermore, there were significant enhancements in compressive strength, in Group I (180.48 ± 1.02), Group II (191.25 ± 0.52), and Group III (197.52 ± 0.75), compared to Group IV (167.22 ± 1.235), with significant disparities (p < 0.05). Conclusion The research illustrates that introducing green-synthesized zirconia nanoparticles into GIC leads to heightened bactericidal potency and compressive resilience when contrasted with the control group (Group IV). Notably, the highest concentration of 10% demonstrated the most favourable antimicrobial attributes alongside enhanced strength. Consequently, integrating green-synthesized zirconia nanoparticles into GIC holds potential as a proficient material. In future studies, there should be an exploration of molecular chemistry and bonding mechanisms to enhance our comprehension of its capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Jain
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jessy Paulraj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Aboelwafa MR, Shaheen SD. Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Wear Resistance Enhancement of Reinforced Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Using Fluorinated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759994 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear resistance have been the main challenges facing their wide clinical application. This study was designed to assess the mechanical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG) oxide-modified conventional GIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Composites of FG/GIC samples were prepared using (Medifil from PROMEDICA, Germany, shade A3) at different concentrations (0wt%) control group and (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% FG) groups using cylindrical molds (3mm × 6mm). FG was prepared using hydrothermal technique and characterized using XPERT-PRO Powder Diffractometer system for X-ray diffraction analysis and JEOL JEM-2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope. Vickers' hardness and wear resistance of GI samples were measured. Mechanical abrasion was performed via three-body tooth brushing wear test using ROBOTA chewing simulator coupled with a thermocycling protocol (Model ACH-09075DC-T, AD-Tech Technology Co., Ltd., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Comparisons between groups with respect to normally distributed numeric variables were performed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by posthoc test. While paired t-test was utilized for comparing data within the same group. RESULTS The surface roughness values of GICs (1wt% FG) and (2wt% FG) composites were significantly lower than those of the control and 3wt%FG groups. Vickers' hardness numbers were significantly higher in FG/GICs composites than in the control group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION GIC/FG combinations have sufficient strength to resist the occlusion stresses with improved hardness as compared with conventional GIC. GIC/FG appeared to be a promising restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona R Aboelwafa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sarah D Shaheen
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Surgery, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Bin-Jardan LI, Almadani DI, Almutairi LS, Almoabid HA, Alessa MA, Almulhim KS, AlSheikh RN, Al-Dulaijan YA, Ibrahim MS, Al-Zain AO, Balhaddad AA. Inorganic Compounds as Remineralizing Fillers in Dental Restorative Materials: Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098295. [PMID: 37176004 PMCID: PMC10179470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries is one of the leading causes of resin-based dental restoration failure. It is initiated at the interface of an existing restoration and the restored tooth surface. It is mainly caused by an imbalance between two processes of mineral loss (demineralization) and mineral gain (remineralization). A plethora of evidence has explored incorporating several bioactive compounds into resin-based materials to prevent bacterial biofilm attachment and the onset of the disease. In this review, the most recent advances in the design of remineralizing compounds and their functionalization to different resin-based materials' formulations were overviewed. Inorganic compounds, such as nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), calcium fluoride (CaF2), bioactive glass (BAG), hydroxyapatite (HA), fluorapatite (FA), and boron nitride (BN), displayed promising results concerning remineralization, and direct and indirect impact on biofilm growth. The effects of these compounds varied based on these compounds' structure, the incorporated amount or percentage, and the intended clinical application. The remineralizing effects were presented as direct effects, such as an increase in the mineral content of the dental tissue, or indirect effects, such as an increase in the pH around the material. In some of the reported investigations, inorganic remineralizing compounds were combined with other bioactive agents, such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), to maximize the remineralization outcomes and the antibacterial action against the cariogenic biofilms. The reviewed literature was mainly based on laboratory studies, highlighting the need to shift more toward testing the performance of these remineralizing compounds in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ibraheem Bin-Jardan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Ibrahim Almadani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen Saleh Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi A Almoabid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alessa
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almulhim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha N AlSheikh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif A Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Substitute Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria S Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan O Al-Zain
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Nano-cellulose Reinforced Glass Ionomer Restorations: An In Vitro study. Int Dent J 2023; 73:243-250. [PMID: 36085100 PMCID: PMC10023591 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various modifications in formulation of glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been made in order to improve the clinical performance of these restorations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microleakage and microshear bond strength (μSBS) of bacterial cellulose nanocrystal (BCNC)-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations in primary dentition. METHODS A total number of 60 freshly extracted primary molar teeth were selected. Half of the samples were used for μSBS testing (in 2 groups, n = 15). In group 1, conventional GIC (CGIC) of Fuji IX (GC) was placed in cylindrical molds on dentinal surfaces. In group 2, CGIC of Fuji IX containing 1% wt of BCNCs was used. μSBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine. In another part of the study, microleakage of class V restorations was assessed according to the mentioned groups (n = 15). The sectioned samples were observed under stereomicroscope, and microleakage scores were recorded. SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS), independent samples t test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS Results showed statistically significant differences between the μSBS of CGIC and modified GIC groups (P < .0001). The BCNC-modified GIC group recorded significantly higher bond strength values (3.51 ± 0.033 vs 1.38 ± 0.034 MPa). Also, microleakage scores of CGIC and BCNC-modified GIC restorations were not significantly different (P = .57). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, it was concluded that incorporating BCNCs (1% wt) into the CGIC of Fuji IX significantly increased the μSBS to the dentin structure of the primary teeth.
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Nojehdehi AM, Moghaddam F, Hamawandi B. Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements Reinforced with Synthesized Diopside Produced via Sol-Gel Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2107. [PMID: 36903222 PMCID: PMC10004627 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate a glass ionomer cement/diopside (GIC/DIO) nanocomposite to improve its mechanical properties for biomaterials applications. For this purpose, diopside was synthesized using a sol-gel method. Then, for preparing the nanocomposite, 2, 4, and 6 wt% diopside were added to a glass ionomer cement (GIC). Subsequently, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analyses were used to characterize the synthesized diopside. Furthermore, the compressive strength, microhardness, and fracture toughness of the fabricated nanocomposite were evaluated, and a fluoride-releasing test in artificial saliva was also applied. The highest concurrent enhancements of compressive strength (1155.7 MPa), microhardness (148 HV), and fracture toughness (5.189 MPa·m1/2) were observed for the glass ionomer cement (GIC) with 4 wt% diopside nanocomposite. In addition, the results of the fluoride-releasing test showed that the amount of released fluoride from the prepared nanocomposite was slightly lower than the glass ionomer cement (GIC). Overall, the improvement in mechanical properties and optimal fluoride release of prepared nanocomposites can introduce suitable options for dental restorations under load and orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farina Moghaddam
- Department of Material Science, Tabriz University, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bejan Hamawandi
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles with a Novel Biogenic Process for Dental Application. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071078. [PMID: 35407196 PMCID: PMC9000351 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of dental caries has been largely consonant over time despite the enhancement in dental technologies. This study aims to produce novel GIC restorative material by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by Bacillus subtilis for the treatment of dental caries. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by inoculating a fresh culture of Bacillus subtilis into a nutrient broth for 24 h, which was then characterized by XRD, DRS, FTIR, AFM, SEM, TEM and EDX. These TiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated in GIC restorative material at different concentrations (0–10% TiO2 -GIC) and were tested for their mechanical properties in a universal testing machine. The XRD analysis revealed synthesis of anatase and rutile-phased TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 70.17 nm that was further confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. The EDX spectrum indicated prominent peaks of titanium and oxygen with no impurities in the prepared material. Treatment with 5% TiO2 -GIC proved to be most effective for the treatment of dental caries with no observable cytotoxic effect. An increase in the compressive strength of TiO2 nanoparticle-reinforced GIC was observed as the concentration of the TiO2 nanoparticles was increased up to 5%; subsequently, the compressive strength was lowered. An increase in the flexural strength was observed in GIC containing 0%, 3% and 5% TiO2 nanoparticles sequentially. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis-derived TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent potential for developing next generation of restorative materials for dental issues.
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Amin F, Rahman S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Sefat F, Kumar N. Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6260. [PMID: 34771787 PMCID: PMC8584882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
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Baghdadi I, AbuTarboush BJ, Zaazou A, Skienhe H, Özcan M, Zakhour M, Salameh Z. Investigation of the structure and compressive strength of a bioceramic root canal sealer reinforced with nanomaterials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211014747. [PMID: 34283662 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211014747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A root canal sealer that can increase the resistance of endodontically treated teeth to compressive strength would be of great advantage. The purpose of this study is to use three different nanoparticles: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Titanium carbides (TC), and Boron nitrides (BN) into a bioceramic adhesive root canal sealer; BioRoot™ RCS, in an attempt to improve its structural and compressive strength properties. METHODS Three composites of two weight fractions (1- and 2-wt.%) were produced by mixing each nanomaterial separately with a pre-weighed mass of Bioroot powder. The microstructural properties and compressive strength of the different hardened composites obtained were investigated. The composites have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compression testing was performed. RESULTS The 1-wt.% composites, Bioroot/MWCNTs, and Bioroot/TC, except for the one reinforced with BN, displayed a significant improvement in the compressive strength compared to pristine BioRoot™ RCS. The 2-wt.% composites showed no significant improvement in the compressive strength. CONCLUSION The addition of 1-wt.% MWCNTs and TC nanomaterials can be considered in the future for enhancing the microstructure and compressive strength properties of pristine BioRoot™ RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaam Baghdadi
- Doctorate School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Belal J AbuTarboush
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, King Abdel Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University
| | - Ashraf Zaazou
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hasan Skienhe
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, University of Zürich, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirvat Zakhour
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Salameh
- Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Evaluation of Fracture Toughness, Color Stability, and Sorption Solubility of a Fabricated Novel Glass Ionomer Nano Zirconia-Silica-Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Composite Material. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding a nano zirconia-silica-hydroxyapatite (nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA) composite synthesized using a one-pot sol-gel technique to a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), which was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Following the characterization studies, further investigations were carried out after the addition of nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA to cGIC (GIC nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA) at various percentages (~5% to 9%) to compare their fracture toughness, color stability, and sorption- solubility in relation to cGIC (Fuji IX). The XRD diffractogram indicated the presence of peaks for ZrO2, SiO2, and HA. The fracture toughness of GIC 5%nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA was statistically higher than that of other percentages of GIC nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA and cGIC. The highest values recorded were fracture toughness (
), leading to an increase of ∼57%, as compared to cGIC. Overall, the color change (
) values for GIC 5% nano Zr-Si-HA group were lower than those of cGIC over a one-month period and were between slight and perceptible. In addition, GIC 5%nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA recorded lower sorption values (
) as compared to cGIC (
) and higher solubility (
) as compared to cGIC (
). The addition of nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA to cGIC significantly enhanced its physicomechanical properties. Based on the results of our study, GIC nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA has the potential to be suggested as a restorative dental material with diverse applications ranging from cavity restoration, core build-up, and as a luting material.
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Ribeiro CS, Perez MM, Benitez-Sellan PL, Guaré RDO, Bresciani E, Diniz MB. Initial Mechanical Stabilization of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements with Different Active Principles. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Siew Ching H, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Luddin N, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR. Early Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite-Silica-Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092125. [PMID: 32957636 PMCID: PMC7569887 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanohydroxyapatite–silica–glass ionomer cement (nanoHA–silica–GIC) on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into odontogenic lineage. DPSCs were cultured in complete Minimum Essential Medium Eagle—Alpha Modification (α-MEM) with or without nanoHA–silica–GIC extract and conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) extract. Odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT–PCR) for odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1A1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on day 1, 7, 10, 14, and 21, which were normalized to the house keeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Untreated DPSCs were used as a control throughout the study. The expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were higher on days 7 and 10, that of OCN on day 10, those of OPN and ALP on day 14, and that of RUNX2 on day 1; COL1A1 exhibited a time-dependent increase from day 7 to day 14. Despite the above time-dependent variations, the expressions were comparable at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL between the nanoHA–silica–GIC and cGIC groups. This offers empirical support that nanoHA–silica–GIC plays a role in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii Siew Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97675847
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
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Bilić-Prcić M, Rajić VB, Ivanišević A, Pilipović A, Gurgan S, Miletić I. Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements after Incorporation of Marine Derived Porous Cuttlefish Bone Hydroxyapatite. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163542. [PMID: 32796624 PMCID: PMC7475982 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from cuttlefish bone on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GIC). Fuji II LC and Fuji IX GP Extra (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used in the study. There were four groups (n = 11–18) for each material: a group without the addition of HA particles and three groups modified by incorporation of 2, 5, and 10 wt% HA. The tests were performed on a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Duisburg, Germany) and descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the comparison of three mechanical properties, and one-way ANOVA for the comparison of different concentrations for each material were performed. Regarding the Fuji IX groups, compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were highest in the group without HA particles added. The differences in CS between the Fuji IX group without HA particles and the Fuji IX groups with 2 wt% HA and 10 wt% HA were significant. The Fuji II 5 wt% HA group exhibited higher diametral tensile strength (DTS) and CS than other Fuji II groups, but not significantly. The Fuji II group, modified with 10 wt% HA, exhibited significantly higher FS than the Fuji II group without HA particles (p < 0.05). Porous HA incorporated into the Fuji IX groups had a significant impact on mechanical properties only in the Fuji IX 5 wt% HA group. Fuji II groups modified with 10 wt% HA showed the most favorable results with respect to FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bilić-Prcić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Valentina Brzović Rajić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Ivanišević
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4802-126
| | - Ana Pilipović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Lučićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Ivana Miletić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
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Glass Ionomer Cement Modified by Resin with Incorporation of Nanohydroxyapatite: In Vitro Evaluation of Physical-Biological Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071412. [PMID: 32707741 PMCID: PMC7408555 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has important properties. However, like other restorative materials, it has limitations such as decreased biocompatibility. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NP) in the RMGIC resulted in improvements in some of its properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-biological properties of RMGIC with the addition of nanohydroxyapatite (HANP). Material and Methods: Vitremer RMGIC was used, incorporating HANP by amalgamator, vortex and manual techniques, totaling ten experimental groups. The distribution and dispersion of the HANP were evaluated qualitatively by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM-FEG). The evaluation of image porosity (SEM-FEG) with the help of imageJ. Cell viability 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoline bromide (MTT) and cell morphology analyses were performed on MDPC-23 odontoblastoid cells at 24 and 72 h. Results: It was possible to observe good dispersion and distribution of HANP in the samples in all experimental groups. The incorporation of 5% HANP into the vortex stirred RMGIC resulted in fewer pores. The increase in the concentration of HANP was directly proportional to the decrease in cytotoxicity. Conclusions: It is concluded that the use of a vortex with the incorporation of 5% HANP is the most appropriate mixing technique when considering the smallest number of pores inside the material. A higher concentration of HANP resulted in better cell viability, suggesting that this association is promising for future studies of new restorative materials.
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Oznurhan F, Ozturk C. Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement: A Comparative In-Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820930490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To compare the surface roughness, microtensile bond strength (µTBS), and flexural strength of polypropylene (PP) fibers reinforced glass ionomer cements (GICs). Materials and Methods: A comparative in vitro study was designed to test the PP fiber reinforced GIC, which was formed when 0.5–1 mm length PP fibers were added into the powder of conventional GIC. Four groups were prepared (Group 1: control, Group 2: 1 wt% PP fiber, Group 3: 3 wt% PP fiber, and Group 4: 5 wt% PP fiber) to evaluate flexural strength, surface roughness values, and µTBS. A total of 10 samples with 25 × 2.5 × 5 mm dimensions were prepared for each group to test flexural strength. Disk-shaped specimens ( n = 10) of 2 mm thickness and 10 mm diameter were used to test surface roughness. A total of 24 human primary molar teeth were used to evaluate µTBS, and 12 sticks were obtained for each group. The fractured surface analyses of samples from µTBS was performed using scanning electron microscope. The data obtained from the experiments were recorded and analyzed with one-way analyses of variance technique, and the normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk technique. A significance level of .05 was used. Results: In flexural strength tests, Group 3 (3 wt% PP fiber) showed significantly increased values ( p < .05) when compared with other groups. Group 4 (5 wt% PP) showed significantly highest values in surface roughness tests ( p < .05). No significant differences were seen between the groups ( p > .05) according to µTBS results. More PP fibers were seen in fractured surfaces, when PP ratio increases. Conclusion: It was observed that increased PP fiber percentage showed increased surface roughness, and 3 wt% PP fiber gave optimal values for fracture toughness. Incorporation of PP fiber to GIC does not affect the bonding to primary tooth dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Oznurhan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Czarnecka B. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Glass-Ionomer Dental Cements: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112510. [PMID: 32486416 PMCID: PMC7321445 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the strategies that have been reported in the literature to attempt to reinforce glass-ionomer dental cements, both conventional and resin-modified. These cements are widely used in current clinical practice, but their use is limited to regions where loading is not high. Reinforcement might extend these applications, particularly to the posterior dentition. A variety of strategies have been identified, including the use of fibres, nanoparticles, and larger particle additives. One problem revealed by the literature survey is the limited extent to which researchers have used International Standard test methods. This makes comparison of results very difficult. However, it does seem possible to draw conclusions from this substantial body of work and these are (1) that powders with conventional particle sizes do not reinforce glass-ionomer cements, (2) certain fibres and certain nanoparticles give distinct improvements in strength, and (3) in the case of the nanoparticles these improvements are associated with differences in the morphology of the cement matrix, in particular, a reduction in the porosity. Despite these improvements, none of the developments has yet been translated into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Nicholson
- Dental Materials Unit, Bart’s and the London Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, 67-68 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JY, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharanbir K. Sidhu
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK;
| | - Beata Czarnecka
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
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Garoushi S, He J, Obradovic J, Fardim P, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Incorporation of cellulose fiber in glass ionomer cement. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:81-88. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
- College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jasmina Obradovic
- Department of Fibre and Cellulose Technology Åbo Akademi Turku Finland
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Department of Fibre and Cellulose Technology Åbo Akademi Turku Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
- City of Turku Welfare Division Oral Health Care Turku Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
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Brzović Rajić V, Ivanišević Malčić A, Bilge Kütük Z, Gurgan S, Jukić S, Miletić I. Compressive Strength of New Glass Ionomer Cement Technology based Restorative Materials after Thermocycling and Cyclic Loading. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:318-325. [PMID: 32099257 PMCID: PMC6993471 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/4/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare compressive strengths of two glass ionomer-based materials, with and without a light-cured, nano-filled coating, after cyclic loading and thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine compressive strength of new restorative materials over a longer period of time, materials were analysed under simulated conditions where cyclic loading replicated masticatory loading and thermocycling simulated thermal oscillations in the oral cavity. Four groups of samples (n=7)-(1) Equia Fil (GC, Tokyo, Japan) uncoated; (2) Equia Fil coated with Equia Coat (GC, Tokyo, Japan); (3) Equia Forte Fil (GC, Tokyo, Japan) uncoated; and (4) Equia Forte Fil coated with Equia Forte coat (GC, Tokyo, Japan)-were subjected to cyclic loading (240,000 cycles) using a chewing simulator (MOD, Esetron Smart Robotechnologies, Ankara, Turkey). RESULTS Compressive strength measurements were performed according to ISO 9917-1:2007, using the universal mechanical testing machine (Instron, Lloyd, UK). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed after thermocycling. There were no statistically significant differences between Equia Fil and Equia Forte Fil irrespective of the coating (p<0.05), but a trend of increasing compressive strength in the coated samples was observed. CONCLUSIONS Coating increases the compressive strength of Equia Fil and Equia Forte Fil, but not significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Brzović Rajić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Ivanišević Malčić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeynep Bilge Kütük
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Silvana Jukić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Miletić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Mokhtari S, Krull EA, Sanders LM, Coughlan A, Mellott NP, Gong Y, Borges R, Wren AW. Investigating the effect of germanium on the structure of SiO 2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P 2O 5 glasses and the subsequent influence on glass polyalkenoate cement formation, solubility and bioactivity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109843. [PMID: 31349461 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of germanium (Ge)-containing glasses were synthesized based on a starting glass composition of SiO2-ZnO-CaO-SrO-P2O5. Additions of GeO2 (6 and 12 mol%) were incorporated at the expense of SiO2, which retained the amorphous character, and each glass was processed to present similar particle size and surface area. Glass characterization using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) determined that the addition of GeO2 increased the fraction of lower Q-speciation and subsequently the concentration of non-bridging oxygens (NBO). Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (GPC) were formulated from each glass with 40, 50 and 60 wt% PAA, and presented time dependent solubility profiles (1, 10, 100, 1000 h) for the release of Si4+ (4-140 mg/l), Ca2+ (1-8 mg/l), Zn2+ (<6 mg/l), Sr2+ (2-37 mg/l), PO43- (2-43 mg/l) and Ge4+ (20-911 mg/l) and attained pH values close to 7.5 after 1000 h. Ge-GPCs containing 40 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA) presented appropriate working time (Tw) and setting times (Ts), and the corresponding compressive strengths ranged from (14-30 MPa). The Ge-GPCs (40, 50 wt%) presented a linear increase (R2-0.99) with respect to time. Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing resulted in the Ge-GPCs encouraging the precipitation of crystalline hydroxyapatite on the GPC surface, more evidently after 100 and 1000 h incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mokhtari
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA
| | - E A Krull
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - L M Sanders
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - A Coughlan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - N P Mellott
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Y Gong
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA
| | - R Borges
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universidad Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A W Wren
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
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Sharafeddin F, Karimi S, Jowkar Z. Evaluation of the effect of micro-hydroxyapatite incorporation on the diametral tensile strength of glass ionomer cements. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:266-269. [PMID: 31367111 PMCID: PMC6632627 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of micro-hydroxyapatite (micro-HAP) incorporation on the diametral tensile strengths (DTSs) of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Materials and Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (diameter: 6.5 mm, height: 2 mm) were prepared into four groups (n = 10) as follows: group 1, conventional GIC; Group 2, GIC + micro-HAP (15 wt %); Group 3, RMGIC; and Group 4, RMGIC + micro-HAP (15 wt %). All the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at room temperature. The DTSs of the specimens were measured using a universal testing machine. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Results: No significant difference was found in the DTS of conventional GIC with and without micro-HAP incorporation (P > 0.05). Moreover, the DTS of RMGIC incorporated with micro-HAP was significantly lower than that of RMGIC without micro-HAP incorporation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Micro-HAP incorporation did not affect the DTS of conventional GIC. The DTS of RMGIC was negatively influenced by the micro-HAP incorporation. Conventional GIC (with and without hydroxyapatite) exhibited a lower DTS than RMGIC (with or without hydroxyapatite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Karimi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gupta AA, Mulay S, Mahajan P, Raj AT. Assessing the effect of ceramic additives on the physical, rheological and mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer luting cement - An in-vitro study. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02094. [PMID: 31360789 PMCID: PMC6639409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of the addition of conventional ceramics on the physical, rheological and mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer luting cement. Materials and methods 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (w/w) of Enamel and Body conventional ceramic additives (E44 Enamel and B96/c4 Body) were reinforced in the two commercially available glass ionomer luting cement – GC Fuji I (GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan) and Ketac Cem Radiopaque (3M ESPE AG). Setting time, film thickness and compressive strength of the cement was measured according to the American Dental Association Specification number 96 for luting cement. Enthalpy change of the cement reaction was measured with the help of Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. Compatibility between the sizes of powder particles was measured with the help of a particle size analyzer. Results 5% of ceramic additive could not improve much of the compressive strength. Compressive strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the addition of 10% of ceramic additive, beyond which, there was a gradual decrease in strength. Although the setting time and film thickness were also shown to increase due to the additive, the former did not exceed the limit specified by the American Dental Association Specification number 96 (2–8 min for setting time and 25 microns for film thickness). Conclusion Addition of 10% of conventional ceramics resulted in a significant increase in the compressive strength of GIC Luting Cement without any significant compromise in its setting time. The substantial increase in film thickness is a major limitation. Use of ceramic additives with physical properties compatible with that of the glass ionomer cement may aid in increasing the compressive strength without compromising its setting time or film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Sanjyot Mulay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Pratiksha Mahajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai, India
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Moheet IA, Luddin N, Rahman IA, Kannan TP, Nik Abd Ghani NR, Masudi SM. Modifications of Glass Ionomer Cement Powder by Addition of Recently Fabricated Nano-Fillers and Their Effect on the Properties: A Review. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:470-477. [PMID: 31280484 PMCID: PMC6890502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a brief insight regarding the recent studies and their recommendations related to the modifications to glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder in order to improve their properties. An electronic search of publications was made from the year 2000 to 2018. The databases included in the current study were EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria for the current study include publication with abstract or full-text articles, original research, reviews or systematic reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies that were written in English language. Among these only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Articles published in other languages, with no available abstract and related to other nondentistry fields, were excluded. A detailed review of the recent materials used as a filler phase in GIC powder has revealed that not all modifications produce beneficial results. Recent work has demonstrated that modification of GIC powder with nano-particles has many beneficial effects on the properties of the material. This is due to the increase in surface area and surface energy, along with better particle distribution of the nano-particle. Therefore, more focus should be given on nano-particle having greater chemical affinity for GIC matrix as well as the tooth structure that will enhance the physicochemical properties of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Alam Moheet
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Saman Malik Masudi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kutuk ZB, Vural UK, Cakir FY, Miletic I, Gurgan S. Mechanical properties and water sorption of two experimental glass ionomer cements with hydroxyapatite or calcium fluorapatite formulation. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:471-479. [PMID: 31068548 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study the mechanical behavior and water sorption (Ws) of experimental glass-ionomer-cements (GICs) with hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium fluorapatite (CFA) prototype formulations were examined. Specimens from two experimental and one commercially available GIC were prepared in three protocols; (1) according to the manufacturer's instructions, (2) with coating and (3) with heat application. The specimens were stored in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for 7- and 30-days. Flexural strength (FS), Vickers hardness (VHN) and Ws of GICs were evaluated. Experimental GICs showed higher FS values than commercial GIC (p<0.001). Higher FS and VHN values were observed when GICs were prepared according to manufacturer's recommendation. FS was affected only by GIC-type (η2=0.027), whereas VHN was affected by GIC-type (η2=0.331), treatment-protocols (η2=0.067), storage-medium (η2=0.100) and increased storage-duration (η2=0.317). The tested parameters did not significantly influence the Ws of all tested GICs (p>0.05). The GICs with HA or CFA formulations might represent a promising approach due to their FS, VHN and Ws characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bilge Kutuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Uzay Koc Vural
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Filiz Yalcin Cakir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Ivana Miletic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
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Karimi M, Hesaraki S, Alizadeh M, Kazemzadeh A. Effect of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles on the physicochemical and biological properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:227-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Hii SC, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR. The Biological Evaluation of Conventional and Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Silica Glass Ionomer Cement on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:324-332. [PMID: 32308298 PMCID: PMC7145261 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_581_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their lower strength, glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used as restorative materials because of their anti-cariogenic properties, direct adhesion to tooth structure and good biocompatibility. Recently, the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA)-silica to conventional GIC (cGIC) has been shown to improve the strength of cGIC. However, the biocompatibility and cell attachment properties of this material are unknown. AIMS This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and cell attachment properties of cGIC and nano-HA-silica-GIC on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODS AND MATERIALS Material extracts of nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC were prepared into seven serial dilutions and applied to 96 well plates seeded with DPSCs. After 72 h, the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The DPSCs cell attachment properties were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 24 and 72 h. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse the data for MTT assay (P < 0.05). SEM images of cell attachment properties were also described. RESULTS Nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC was shown to be slight to non-cytotoxic at all concentrations, except 200 mg/ml. Moderate cytotoxicity has been observed at 200 mg/ml concentration where nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC revealed cell viability values of 44.38 and 42.15%, respectively. Nano-HA-silica-GIC demonstrated better cell viability values than cGIC at all concentrations except for 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml. Nevertheless, the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). SEM examination revealed the increasing numbers of DPSCs attached to both groups with prominent filopodia, especially after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Nano-HA-silica-GIC exhibited good biocompatibility which is comparable to cGIC and favoured the attachment of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ching Hii
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Menezes-Silva R, Cabral RN, Pascotto RC, Borges AFS, Martins CC, Navarro MFDL, Sidhu SK, Leal SC. Mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative glass-ionomer cements - a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e2018357. [PMID: 30810640 PMCID: PMC6382318 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To perform a systematic review of test methodologies on conventional restorative glass-ionomer cement (GIC) materials for mechanical and optical properties to compare the results between different GICs. Material and Methods Screening of titles and abstracts, data extraction, and quality assessments of full-texts were conducted in search for in vitro studies on conventional GICs that follow the relevant specifications of ISO standards regarding the following mechanical and optical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, color, opacity and radiopacity. Sources The Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) databases from Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) and PubMed/Medline (US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health) databases were searched regardless of language. Altogether, 1146 in vitro studies were selected. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the articles according to pre-established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Among all the properties investigated, only one study was classified as being of fair quality that tested compressive strength and was included. It was observed that many authors had not strictly followed ISO recommendations and that, for some properties (diametral tensile strength and microhardness), there are no guidelines provided. Conclusions It was not possible to compare the results for the mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative GICs due to the lack of standardization of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Coelho Leal
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Engineered Functional Surfaces Based on Biodegradable Polymer and Biopolymer/Ceramic Composite Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020378. [PMID: 30960362 PMCID: PMC6419159 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface functionalization introduced by precisely-defined surface structures depended on the surface texture and quality. Laser treatment is an advanced, non-contact technique for improving the biomaterials surface characteristics. In this study, femtosecond laser modification was applied to fabricate diverse structures on biodegradable polymer thin films and their ceramic blends. The influences of key laser processing parameters like laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N) over laser-treated surfaces were investigated. The modification of surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughness (Rrms) increased from approximately 0.5 to nearly 3 µm. The roughness changed with increasing laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N). The induced morphologies with different laser parameters were compared via Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy analysis. The chemical composition of exposed surfaces was examined by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XRD analysis. This work illustrates the capacity of the laser microstructuring method for surface functionalization with possible applications in improvement of cellular attachment and orientation. Cells exhibited an extended shape along laser-modified surface zones compared to non-structured areas and demonstrated parallel alignment to the created structures. We examined laser-material interaction, microstructural outgrowth, and surface-treatment effect. By comparing the experimental results, it can be summarized that considerable processing quality can be obtained with femtosecond laser structuring.
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Menezes-Silva R, de Oliveira BMB, Fernandes PHM, Shimohara LY, Pereira FV, Borges AFS, Buzalaf MAR, Pascotto RC, Sidhu SK, de Lima Navarro MF. Effects of the reinforced cellulose nanocrystals on glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2019; 35:564-573. [PMID: 30711272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) modified with cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) were characterized and evaluated for compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and fluoride release (F-). METHODS Commercially available GICs (Maxxion, Vidrion R, Vitro Molar, Ketac Molar Easy Mix and Fuji Gold Label 9) were reinforced with CNs (0.2% by weight). The microstructure of CNs and of CN-modified GICs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while chemical characterization was by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ten specimens each of the unmodified (control) and CN-modified materials (test materials) were prepared for CS and DTS testing. For the fluoride release evaluation, separate specimens (n=10) of each test and control material were made. The results obtained were submitted to the t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS The CN reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical properties and significantly increased the F- release of all GICs (p<0.05). The GICs with CNs showed a fibrillar aggregate of nanoparticles interspersed in the matrix. The compounds with CNs showed a higher amount of C compared to the controls due to the organic nature of the CNs. It was not possible to identify by FTIR any chemical bond difference in the compounds formed when nanofibers were inserted in the GICs. SIGNIFICANCE Modification of GICs with CNs appears to produce promising restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Martins Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Yukari Shimohara
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Vargas Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Corrêa Pascotto
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Iftikhar N, Devashish, Srivastava B, Gupta N, Ghambir N, Rashi-Singh. A Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Four Different Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:47-49. [PMID: 31496572 PMCID: PMC6710949 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare the mechanical properties (compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS)) of four different restorative materials: conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX), ClearFil AP-X, Filtex Z350-XT, and Cention N. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 80) were prepared from Fuji IX, ClearFil AP-X, Filtex Z350-XT, and Cention N for testing compressive strength and DTS. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Results obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at significance (p < 0.001). RESULTS There were significant differences among restorative materials tested. ClearFil AP-X exhibits the highest mechanical properties (CS and DTS) and least values were obtained by the Fuji IX. CONCLUSION Strength is one of the most important criteria for the selection of a restorative material. Stronger materials better resist deformation and fracture, presenting more equitable stress distribution, greater probability, and greater stability of clinical success. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Iftikhar N, Devashish, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Four Different Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):47-49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Iftikhar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devashish
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Army Dental Corp, India
| | - Binita Srivastava
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Natasha Ghambir
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashi-Singh
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:557-571. [PMID: 30394667 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical-mechanical and antimicrobial activity. METHODS PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed. CONCLUSION Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical-mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii S Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu P Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik R N Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Garoushi SK, He J, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Effect of discontinuous glass fibers on mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2018; 4:72-80. [PMID: 30083578 PMCID: PMC6070992 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1491798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the reinforcing effect of discontinuous glass microfibers with various loading fractions on selected mechanical properties of self-cure glass ionomer cement (GIC). Method: Experimental fiber reinforced GIC (Exp-GIC) was prepared by adding discontinuous glass microfiber (silane/non-silane treated) of 200–300 µm in length to the powder of self-cure GIC (GC Fuji IX) with various mass ratios (15, 20, 25, 35, and 45 mass%) using a high speed mixing device. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, work of fracture, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were determined for each experimental and control materials. The specimens (n = 8) were wet stored (37 °C for one day) before testing. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analysis the surface of silanized or non-silanized fibers after treated with cement liquid. The results were analyzed with using multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA. Results: Fiber-reinforced GIC (25 mass%) had significantly higher mechanical performance of flexural modulus (3.8 GPa), flexural strength (48 MPa), and diametral tensile strength (18 MPa) (p < .05) compared to unreinforced material (0.9 GPa, 26 MPa and 8 MPa). No statistical significant difference in tested mechanical properties was recorded between silanized and non-silanized Exp-GIC groups. Compressive strength did not show any significant differences (p > .05) between the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced GIC. Conclusion: The use of discontinuous glass microfibers with self-cure GIC matrix considerably increased the all of the studied properties except compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan K Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sun L, Yan Z, Duan Y, Zhang J, Liu B. Improvement of the mechanical, tribological and antibacterial properties of glass ionomer cements by fluorinated graphene. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e115-e127. [PMID: 29567317 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance and antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) by fluorinated graphene (FG), under the premise of not influencing their solubility and fluoride ion releasing property. MATERIALS AND METHODS FG with bright white color was prepared using graphene oxide by a hydrothermal reaction. Experimental modified GICs was prepared by adding FG to the traditional GICs powder with four different weight ratios (0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt% and 4wt%) using mechanical blending. Compressive and flexural strength of each experimental and control group materials were investigated using a universal testing machine. The Vickers microhardness of all the specimens was measured by a Vicker microhardness tester. For tribological properties of the composites, specimens of each group were investigated by high-speed reciprocating friction tester. Fluoride ion releasing was measured by fluoride ion selective electrode methods. The antibacterial effect of GICs/FG composites on selected bacteria (Staphylococci aureus and Streptococcus mutans) was tested with pellicle sticking method. RESULTS The prepared GICs/FG composites with white color were successfully fabricated. Increase of Vickers microhardness and compressive strength and decrease of friction coefficient of the GICs/FG composites were achieved compared to unreinforced materials. The colony count against S. aureus and S. mutans decreased with the increase of the content of FG. And the antibacterial rate of S. mutans can be up to 85.27% when the FG content was 4wt%. Additionally, fluoride ion releasing property and solubility did not show significant differences between unreinforced and FG reinforced GICs. SIGNIFICANCE Adding FG to traditional GICs could not only improve mechanical and tribological properties of the composites, but also improve their antibacterial properties. In addition, the GICs/FG composites had no negative effect on the color, solubility and fluoride ion releasing properties, which will open up new roads for the application of dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuanjun Yan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Youxin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ong J, Yap AU, Hong JY, Eweis AH, Yahya NA. Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-mechanical Analysis. Oper Dent 2018. [PMID: 29533719 DOI: 10.2341/16-365-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Ceram), a bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), and two novel reinforced glass ionomer cements (Zirconomer [ZR] and Equia Forte [EQ]). The glass ionomer materials were also assessed with and without resin coating (Equia Forte Coat). Test specimens 12 × 2 × 2 mm of the various materials were fabricated using customized stainless-steel molds. After light polymerization/initial set, the specimens were removed from the molds, finished, measured, and conditioned in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for seven days. The materials (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C and a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Dunnett's test and t-test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Mean storage modulus ranged from 3.16 ± 0.25 to 8.98 ± 0.44 GPa, while mean loss modulus ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.65 ± 0.12 GPa for distilled water and artificial saliva. Values for loss tangent ranged from 45.7 ± 7.33 to 134.2 ± 12.36 (10-3). Significant differences in storage/loss modulus and loss tangent were observed between the various bulk-fill restoratives and two conditioning mediums. Storage modulus was significantly improved when EQ and ZR was not coated with resin.
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El-Wassefy NA, El-Mahdy RH, El-Kholany NR. The impact of silver nanoparticles integration on biofilm formation and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 30:146-152. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. El-Wassefy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Rasha H. El-Mahdy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Naglaa R. El-Kholany
- Operative Dentistry Department; Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
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Sharafeddin F, Kowkabi M, Shoale S. Evaluation of the effect of home bleaching agents on surface microhardness of different glass-ionomer cements containing hydroxyapatite. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1075-e1080. [PMID: 29075408 PMCID: PMC5650208 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Home bleaching agents may exert some negative effects on surface hardness of restorative materials such as glass-ionomer cements (GICs). Since some studies have shown that some components such as hydroxyapatite (HA), as a bioactive glass, can improve the mechanical properties of dental materials, the effect of bleaching agents on surface hardness of GICs containing hydroxyapatite is questionable. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home bleaching agents on the surface hardness of two different commercially available GICs containing hydroxyapatite. Material and Methods 80 disk-shaped specimens were made from two different GICs, including resin modified glass-ionomer and Zirconomer. Each material was divided into four groups (n=10): 1. control, 2. 20 %wt. hydroxyapatite-containing, 3. bleached and 4. bleached 20 %wt. hydroxyapatite-containing. Group 1 and 2 specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 weeks while group 3 and 4 specimens were treated with 15% carbamide peroxide in that period. Surface hardness was tested with Vickers surface hardness tester. Data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and mean comparison done by post hoc Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results In general RMGI had a significantly highest Vickers surface hardness value among all groups. 15% carbamide peroxide reduced surface hardness compared to control groups (RMGI and Zr) significantly. In the HA-containing GICs groups, bleaching agent did not significantly changed the surface hardness value. Conclusions In this study we concluded that applied treatments (bleaching and adding HA) in implicit percentages reduced surface hardness of GICs. Also we suggest more studies in clinical conditions be done to verify these results. Key words:Home bleaching, Resin Modified Glass-ionomer cement, surface hardness, Zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer, hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor of Dept. of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kowkabi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soodabe Shoale
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gorseta K, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Moshaverinia A, Glavina D, Lynch E. Effect of different thermo–light polymerization on flexural strength of two glass ionomer cements and a glass carbomer cement. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:102-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharafeddin F, Shoale S, Kowkabi M. Effects of Different Percentages of Microhydroxyapatite on Microhardness of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer and Zirconomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638560 PMCID: PMC5474339 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral component of the tooth structure, which exhibits considerable biological behavior and its incorporation might improve microhardness of dental materials. Microhardness of restorative materials, like glass-ionomer, is critical for the clinical longevity of restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of two glass-ionomers types by incorporating different percentages of microhydroxyapatite. Material and Methods In this study, 80 disc-shaped experimental specimens (6 mm in diameter, 2 mm in height) were prepared in 8 groups, including resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, GC, Gold Label, Japan), zirconia-reinforced glass-ionomer (Zirconomer, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), and their mixture with 0, 5, 15 and 25 wt% of microhydroxyapatite (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). All the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then Vickers microhardness test was carried out on the both sides of specimens and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and paired t-test (P<0.05). Results Microhardness of Zirconomer and RMGI increased significantly due to adding 5 and 15 wt% of micrhydrox-yapatite (P<0.001). The highest Vickers hardness number (VHN) was recorded in the RMGI group with 5 wt% of microhydroxyapatite. In addition, in all the study groups RMGI exhibited higher microhardness values than Zirconomer (P<0.001). However, microhardness values decreased significantly after adding 25 wt% of microhydroxyapatite to Zirconomer (P<0.001). Similarly, VHN decreased in RMGI groups containing 25 wt% of HA compared to control groups (without HA) (P<0.001). Conclusions Incorporation of 5 and 15 wt% of microhydroxyapatite to RMGI and Zirconomer improved microhardness, while adding 25 wt% of HA decreased hardness with both experimental materials compared to the control groups (without HA). Key words:Microhardness, Resin-modified glass-ionomer, Zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer, Microhydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor of Dept. of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soodabe Shoale
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kowkabi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Noorani TY, Luddin N, Rahman IA, Masudi SM. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Silica Incorporated Glass Ionomer Cement. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC105-ZC109. [PMID: 28571275 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24753.9739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) are among the most popular restorative materials, but their use in dentistry is limited due to their physical properties. The hardness of GIC was improved by incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica into GIC, to expand its applicability. AIM To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica incorporated glass ionomer cement (HA-SiO2-GIC) on human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) and compare it with conventional GIC and resin modified GIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material extracts of Fuji IX, Fuji II LC and HA-SiO2-GIC were prepared into seven serial concentrations and applied to 96-well-plates seeded with DPSC. The 96-well-plates were incubated for 24 and 72 hours. The morphology of DPSC was observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope, and the cell viability was determined using MTT assay at both time intervals. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS At maximum concentration, DPSC appeared fewer in number, but the normal spindle morphology was maintained in all groups except for Fuji II LC. At lower concentrations, DPSC appeared normal and more confluent in all groups. The cytotoxic effects of all groups were dose dependent. Fuji IX demonstrated the lowest cytotoxicity, followed by HA-SiO2-GIC. Fuji II LC demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity. The difference was significant between all groups at 200 mg/ml concentration (p<0.05). At concentration <100 mg/ml, cytotoxicity of HA-SiO2-GIC was comparable to that of Fuji IX and lower than that of Fuji II LC. CONCLUSION HA-SiO2-GIC showed a favourable cytotoxicity response and thus holds promise as a future potential restorative material in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- Professor, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saman Malik Masudi
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Petaling jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sharafeddin F, Feizi N. Evaluation of the effect of adding micro-hydroxyapatite and nano-hydroxyapatite on the microleakage of conventional and resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cl V restorations. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e242-e248. [PMID: 28210443 PMCID: PMC5303325 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulpal reaction to restorative materials depends on marginal microleakage, which is a dynamic phenomenon that allows bacteria and fluids to traverse across the tooth-restoration interface. Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) exhibits low microleakage due to direct bonding to tooth structures. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) based on the similarity with tooth structure may decrease the microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal microleakage of a mixture of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) with micro- and nano-HAP. Material and Methods In this in vitro study, 30 non-carious extracted human third molar teeth were used. Standard Cl V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The cavities were restored in six experimental groups as follows: group 1, conventional glass-ionomer cement (CGIC); group 2, CGIC with micro-HAP; group 3, CGIC with nano-HAP; group 4, RMGI; group 5, RMGI with micro-HAP; group 6, RMGI with nano-HAP. The restorations were finished and polished. The teeth were coated with nail polish, sealed with sticky wax, thermocycled and placed in a solution of 2% basic fuchsine for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned and microleakage was measured. Kruskal-Wallis, Man-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis (P<0.05). Results The data analysis revealed significantly lower microleakage in groups 5 and 6 at both occlusal and gingival margins. Also in these two groups the gingival microleakage was significantly lower than occlusal margin (P=0.009 and P=0.001 respectively), but in groups 1(CGIC) and 3(CGIC+ nano-HAP) and 4(RMGI) the microleakage of occlusal margin were significantly lower than that of gingival margin (P=0.001, P=0.007 and P=0.001 respectively). Conclusions Mixing RMGI with nano-HAP and micro-HAP resulted in lower microleakage. Key words:Glass-ionomer, micro-hydroxyapatite, microleakage, nano-hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Feizi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Garoushi S, Vallittu P, Lassila L. Hollow glass fibers in reinforcing glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2016; 33:e86-e93. [PMID: 27836115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the reinforcing effect of hollow and solid discontinuous glass fiber fillers with two different loading fractions on select mechanical properties of conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cements (GICs). METHODS Experimental fiber reinforced GIC was prepared by adding discontinuous glass fiber (hollow/solid) of 0.5mm in length to the powder of commercial GICs (GC Fuji IX and II LC) with two different weight ratios (5 and 10wt%) using a high speed mixing machine. Fracture toughness, work of fracture, flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were determined for each experimental and control material. The specimens (n=7) were wet stored (37°C for one day) before testing. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructure of the experimental fiber reinforced GICs. Fiber length analysis was carried out to investigate the fiber length distribution of experimental GICs. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS An increase in fracture toughness (280 and 200%) and flexural strength (170 and 140%) of hollow discontinuous glass fiber reinforced (10wt%) conventional and resin modified GICs respectively, were achieved compared to unreinforced materials (p<0.05). Compressive strength did not show any significant differences (p>0.05) between the fiber reinforced and unreinforced GICs. SIGNIFICANCE The use of hollow discontinuous glass fiber fillers with conventional and resin modified GIC matrix is a novel reinforcement. It yielded superior toughening and flexural performance compared to the particulate GICs used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Combined effect of magnesia and zirconia on the bioactivity of calcium silicate ceramics at C\S ratio less than unity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:155-160. [PMID: 27770876 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effect of magnesia in the presence of zirconia on the bioactivity, microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of calcium silicate composition adjusted at calcia/silica ratio(C/S) of 0.5. A mixture from calcium carbonate and silica was conducted at C/S of 0.5. 20wt.% of magnesia and 5-25wt.% of ZrO2 were added. Each mixture was mixed with ethanol in a planetary ball mill, dried, formed and fired at a temperature of 1325±5°C. Phase composition, FE-SEM, and physico-mechanical properties of the fired specimens were determined and explained. The in vitro bioactivities of these specimens were investigated by analysis of their abilities to form apatite in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for a short time (7days) using SEM-EDS. The findings indicated that the surface of the specimens containing 5 and 15wt.% ZrO2 were completely covered by single and multilayered hydroxyapatite (HA) precipitate typical to "cauliflower" morphology, respectively. The surface of the specimen containing 25wt.% ZrO2 did not cover, but there are some scattered HA precipitate. The differences among the results were rationalized based on the phase composition. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the specimens of highly promised bioactivity were 2.32-2.57GPa and 1.80-1.50MPa. m1/2, respectively. The properties of these specimens are similar to the properties of human cortical bone. Consequently, these composites might be used as bone implant materials.
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan AS, Zohaib S, Martí JMN, Sauro S, Matinlinna JP, Rehman IU. Modifications in Glass Ionomer Cements: Nano-Sized Fillers and Bioactive Nanoceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071134. [PMID: 27428956 PMCID: PMC4964507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, P.O Box 361724, Riyadh 11313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarrah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Juan Manuel Nuñez Martí
- Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Spanish Course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Bilingual course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
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Chalissery VP, Marwah N, Almuhaiza M, AlZailai AM, Chalisserry EP, Bhandi SH, Anil S. Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Novel Zirconia-reinforced Glass lonomer Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:394-398. [PMID: 27443366 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the zirconia-reinforced restorative material (Zirconomer®) with conventional glass ionomers (Fuji 1X) and amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 120) were fabricated from silver amalgam, reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC) (glass ionomer, Fuji 1X GC Corp.), and zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer (Zirconomer, Shofu Inc.) for testing the CS and DTS. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Both CS and DTS were found to be significantly higher for the zirconia-reinforced GIC and silver amalgam compared with GIC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A newer class of restorative material like Zirconomer helps to overcome the potential hazard of mercury, but retains the strength and durability of amalgam as well as the sustained high-fluoride release of GICs. Furthermore, long-term studies are required to confirm its use as an alternative to the currently available posterior restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemina P Chalissery
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur Rajasthan, India, e-mail:
| | - Nikhil Marwah
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammed Almuhaiza
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M AlZailai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Jazan Dental Center Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elna P Chalisserry
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shilpa H Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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An overview of chitin or chitosan/nano ceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1338-1353. [PMID: 27012892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan based nanocomposite scaffolds have been widely used for bone tissue engineering. These chitin and chitosan based scaffolds were reinforced with nanocomponents viz Hydroxyapatite (HAp), Bioglass ceramic (BGC), Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to develop nanocomposite scaffolds. Plenty of works have been reported on the applications and characteristics of the nanoceramic composites however, compiling the work done in this field and presenting it in a single article is a thrust area. This review is written with an aim to fill this gap and focus on the preparations and applications of chitin or chitosan/nHAp, chitin or chitosan/nBGC, chitin or chitosan/nSiO2, chitin or chitosan/nTiO2 and chitin or chitosan/nZrO2 in the field of bone tissue engineering in detail. Many reports so far exemplify the importance of ceramics in bone regeneration. The effect of nanoceramics over native ceramics in developing composites, its role in osteogenesis etc. are the gist of this review.
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Huyang G, Debertin AE, Sun J. Design and development of self-healing dental composites. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2016; 94:295-302. [PMID: 26955205 PMCID: PMC4778115 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to design and develop a clinically applicable self-healing dental composite (SHDC). The value of resin-based dental restorations could be improved by increasing their service lives. One way to improve longevity is to obturate micro-cracks that form during or after the composite hardens in the dental cavity. Toward this end, we introduce here a new type of SHDC made with contemporary dental components plus two additional ingredients: a healing powder (HP, strongtium fluoroaluminosilicate particles) and a healing liquid (HL, aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acids) that is enclosed within silica microcapsules. As micro-cracks develop, they will break the microcapsules in their propagation path, thereby releasing HL. This liquid will then react with particles of HP exposed by the crack formation, forming an insoluble reaction product that fills and seals the cracks. The key factors to achieve this self-healing of cracks are discussed. The elastic modulus of a SHDC appeared to be satisfactory. The healing process was confirmed by means of mechanical, morphological, and chemical methods. The SHDC restored micro-cracks without external intervention, thereby showing potential for increasing the service lives of dental restorations. Importantly, this SHDC contains only clinically-tested, biocompatible materials, making it readily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jirun Sun
- Corresponding Author: Jirun Sun, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546. Phone: (+1) 301-975-5439, Fax: (+1) 301-963-9143,
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Baig MS, Fleming GJP. Conventional glass-ionomer materials: A review of the developments in glass powder, polyacid liquid and the strategies of reinforcement. J Dent 2015; 43:897-912. [PMID: 25882584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of glass-ionomers (GIs) from the earliest experimental GI formulations to the modern day commercially available GIs was reviewed. The aim of the review was to identify the developments in the glass powder and polyacid liquid constituents of GIs since their inception in the late 1960s. DATA The glass powder has undergone major changes from the earliest GI powder formulation (G200) in an effort to enhance the reactivity with the polyacid liquid. The GI liquids have also been optimised by the manufacturers in terms of polyacid composition, molecular weight and concentration to improve the handling characteristics. Despite these developments in the glass powder and polyacid liquid constituents, GIs cannot 'truly' be advocated for the restoration of posterior dentition due to the poor mechanical properties when compared with dental amalgam and resin-based composites (RBCs). SOURCES Various attempts to improve the mechanical properties of GIs through substitution of reinforcing fillers to the GI powder or modification of the GI liquid were identified in the dental literature. Despite the claimed improvements in mechanical properties of the modified GIs, a wide variation in mixing and testing conditions was identified which prevented a valid assessment of the reported reinforcement strategies. When investigating a GI reinforcement strategy it is crucial that the mixing and testing conditions are standardised to allow a valid comparison between studies. STUDY SELECTION The dental literature reporting the earliest experimental GIs to modern day commercially available GIs (1969-2015) was reviewed. In addition, full-text publications and abstracts published in English reporting various GI reinforcement strategies were included. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, major improvements in GI formulations through a reinforcement strategy have yet to be made to enable clinical usage of GIs for the restoration of posterior dentition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE GIs chemically are inherently weak but bond to sound tooth structure without the need for preconditioning or removal of sound tooth structure such that improvements in the mechanical properties of GIs would be desirable. Although advances have been made through different GI glass powder and polyacid liquid formulations over the past 40 years, further improvements in the mechanical properties of the current GIs are required to be indicated for the restoration of posterior dentition. The literature is replete with reports on GI reinforcement, however, improved reporting and control of mixing and testing conditions are required for a valid assessment of the reinforcement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Shahzad Baig
- Materials Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Garry J P Fleming
- Materials Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Enhancing glass ionomer cement features by using the HA/YSZ nanocomposite: A feed forward neural network modelling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 29:317-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hu J, Du X, Huang C, Fu D, Ouyang X, Wang Y. Antibacterial and physical properties of EGCG-containing glass ionomer cements. J Dent 2013; 41:927-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Microstructure control of TCP/TCP-(t-ZrO2)/t-ZrO2 composites for artificial cortical bone. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pattnaik S, Nethala S, Tripathi A, Saravanan S, Moorthi A, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan scaffolds containing silicon dioxide and zirconia nano particles for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Goenka S, Balu R, Sampath Kumar TS. Effects of nanocrystalline calcium deficient hydroxyapatite incorporation in glass ionomer cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 7:69-76. [PMID: 22340686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are clinically attractive filling materials often employed in the field of dentistry as restorative and luting materials. The present work aims to formulate bioactive nanocrystalline calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (nCDHA)-GIC composite cements with improved mechanical and resorption properties of the set cement than GICs. The nCDHA was synthesized via an accelerated microwave process and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. The synthesized nCDHA was mixed with GIC in different compositions (5, 10 and 15 wt%) maintaining the powder to liquid ratio. Cylinders of dimensions 8 mm height and 4 mm diameter were formed using a Teflon mold following a conventional cement forming technique. The XRD and FT-IR of the cylinders showed increased intensity and characteristic bands of CDHA with increase in nCDHA content. The surface cracks and the elemental composition of the set cements were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Decreased surface hardness was observed for composite cements with increase in nCDHA addition. The cement cylinders were tested for ionic release in Millipore water (pH=7) via inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy and in demineralization solution of pH=5 to find out the weight loss in an acidic environment at 37 °C performed periodically for 5 weeks. The ionic release percentage, weight loss and compressive strength were observed to increase with an increase in nCDHA addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Goenka
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
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