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Carriero VC, Di Muzio L, Petralito S, Casadei MA, Paolicelli P. Cryogel Scaffolds for Tissue-Engineering: Advances and Challenges for Effective Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:979. [PMID: 38131965 PMCID: PMC10742915 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects and articular cartilage injuries resulting from trauma, osteonecrosis, or age-related degeneration can be often non-healed by physiological repairing mechanisms, thus representing a relevant clinical issue due to a high epidemiological incidence rate. Novel tissue-engineering approaches have been proposed as an alternative to common clinical practices. This cutting-edge technology is based on the combination of three fundamental components, generally referred to as the tissue-engineering triad: autologous or allogenic cells, growth-stimulating factors, and a scaffold. Three-dimensional polymer networks are frequently used as scaffolds to allow cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. In particular, cryogels give promising results for this purpose, thanks to their peculiar properties. Cryogels are indeed characterized by an interconnected porous structure and a typical sponge-like behavior, which facilitate cellular infiltration and ingrowth. Their composition and the fabrication procedure can be appropriately tuned to obtain scaffolds that match the requirements of a specific tissue or organ to be regenerated. These features make cryogels interesting and promising scaffolds for the regeneration of different tissues, including those characterized by very complex mechanical and physical properties, such as bones and joints. In this review, state-of-the-art fabrication and employment of cryogels for supporting effective osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation to allow for the regeneration of functional tissues is reported. Current progress and challenges for the implementation of this technology in clinical practice are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.C.)
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2
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Fegan KL, Green NC, Britton MM, Iqbal AJ, Thomas-Seale LEJ. Design and Simulation of the Biomechanics of Multi-Layered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Coronary Artery Grafts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883179. [PMID: 35833186 PMCID: PMC9272978 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is among the primary causes of death worldwide. While synthetic grafts allow replacement of diseased tissue, mismatched mechanical properties between graft and native tissue remains a major cause of graft failure. Multi-layered grafts could overcome these mechanical incompatibilities by mimicking the structural heterogeneity of the artery wall. However, the layer-specific biomechanics of synthetic grafts under physiological conditions and their impact on endothelial function is often overlooked and/or poorly understood. In this study, the transmural biomechanics of four synthetic graft designs were simulated under physiological pressure, relative to the coronary artery wall, using finite element analysis. Using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin cryogel as the representative biomaterial, the following conclusions are drawn: (I) the maximum circumferential stress occurs at the luminal surface of both the grafts and the artery; (II) circumferential stress varies discontinuously across the media and adventitia, and is influenced by the stiffness of the adventitia; (III) unlike native tissue, PVA/gelatin does not exhibit strain stiffening below diastolic pressure; and (IV) for both PVA/gelatin and native tissue, the magnitude of stress and strain distribution is heavily dependent on the constitutive models used to model material hyperelasticity. While these results build on the current literature surrounding PVA-based arterial grafts, the proposed method has exciting potential toward the wider design of multi-layer scaffolds. Such finite element analyses could help guide the future validation of multi-layered grafts for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Fegan
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi C. Green
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie M. Britton
- School of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J. Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Sotomayor-del-Moral JA, Pascual-Francisco JB, Susarrey-Huerta O, Resendiz-Calderon CD, Gallardo-Hernández EA, Farfan-Cabrera LI. Characterization of Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio of Engineering Elastomers via DIC-Based Creep Testing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091837. [PMID: 35567004 PMCID: PMC9099800 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New data of creep and viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio, ν(t), of five engineering elastomers (Ethylene Propylene-Diene Monomer, Flouroelastomer (Viton®), nitrile butadiene rubber, silicone rubber and neoprene/chloroprene rubber) at different stress (200, 400 and 600 kPa) and temperature (25, 50 and 80 °C) are presented. The ν(t) was characterized through an experimental methodological approach based on creep testing (30 min) and strain (axial and transverse) measurements by digital image correlation. Initially, creep behavior in axial and transverse directions was characterized for each elastomer and condition, and then each creep curve was fitted to a four-element creep model to obtain the corresponding functions. The obtained functions were used to estimate ν(t) for prolonged times (300 h) through a convolution equation. Overall, the characterization was achieved for the five elastomers results exhibiting ν(t) increasing with temperature and time from about 0.3 (for short-term loading) to reach and stabilize at about 0.48 (for long-term loading).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Sotomayor-del-Moral
- Departamento de Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Barbara, Zempoala 43830, HGO, Mexico; (J.A.S.-d.-M.); (J.B.P.-F.)
| | - Juan B. Pascual-Francisco
- Departamento de Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Barbara, Zempoala 43830, HGO, Mexico; (J.A.S.-d.-M.); (J.B.P.-F.)
| | - Orlando Susarrey-Huerta
- SEPI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, CDMX, Mexico; (O.S.-H.); (E.A.G.-H.)
| | - Cesar D. Resendiz-Calderon
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Ezequiel A. Gallardo-Hernández
- SEPI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, CDMX, Mexico; (O.S.-H.); (E.A.G.-H.)
| | - Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Adelnia H, Ensandoost R, Shebbrin Moonshi S, Gavgani JN, Vasafi EI, Ta HT. Freeze/thawed polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: Present, past and future. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Pandala N, LaScola M, Hinton Z, Korley L, Lavik E. Finding the sweet spot: a library of hydrogels with tunable degradation for tissue model development. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2194-2203. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are valuable tools for applications, including understanding cellular mechanisms and drug screening. Hydrogel biomaterials are very useful for in vitro models to better mimic the in vivo...
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Li W, Qiao K, Zheng Y, Yan Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Ren H. Preparation, mechanical properties, fatigue and tribological behavior of double crosslinked high strength hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105009. [PMID: 34861520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) has been widely used in clinical transplantation because of its high water content, good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, PVA-H have some problems, such as low elongation at break, low fatigue resistance and high friction coefficient, which hinders its application in clinic. In this paper, a novel high-performance PVA hydrogel enhanced by chemical double crosslinking (CDC) method had been synthesized. The influences of chemical crosslinking agent concentration on mechanical properties, friction properties and fatigue properties of materials were systematically investigated, in order to meet the clinical application of artificial meniscus, artificial cartilage, nucleus pulposus and so on. As a result, due to the introduction of chemical bonds, CDC hydrogels have over 600% elongation at break, modulus loss after fatigue test was reduced by 42%, average coefficient during friction was reduced to 0.048, and biocompatibility performance was excellent. The PVA hydrogel enhanced by CDC method provides a new concept for us to prepare high-performance PVA hydrogel and a promising material to replace cartilage, meniscus, nucleus pulposus and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu Yan
- Corrosion and Protection Center, Key Laboratory for Environmental Fracture (MOE), University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yajie Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimin Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China
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7
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Hu F, Lu H, Ye Z, Zhang S, Wang W, Gao L. Slow-release lubrication of artificial joints using self-healing polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol/ graphene oxide hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104807. [PMID: 34492404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New fabrication methods and lubrication materials must be developed to improve the lubrication performance of artificial joints and increase the lubrication duration. Herein, a novel polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol/graphene oxide (PVA/PEG/GO) hydrogel was prepared by a physical cross-linking method, and then the hydrogel and its sustained-release solution were used as lubricant for friction evaluation. The results demonstrated that the slow-release gel solution has good lubrication performance, and coefficient of friction (COF) is only 0.04, which is much lower than the COF of distilled water (about 0.08) under the same conditions. The structure characterization results revealed that no new materials are formed in the gel. The results of thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the addition of GO may improve the network crosslinking structure of the PVA/PEG hydrogel and improve its mechanical strength. In addition, PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel has superior self-healing function. The self-healing hydrogel did not break again after being pulled under 200 G of weights. The PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel with excellent slow-release lubricating performance and self-healing properties provides a novel candidate for design of long-term lubricating artificial joints, and is expected to promote the progress of artificial joint lubrication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Hailin Lu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China.
| | - Zishuo Ye
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Shoujing Zhang
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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8
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Savina IN, Zoughaib M, Yergeshov AA. Design and Assessment of Biodegradable Macroporous Cryogels as Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Carrying Materials. Gels 2021; 7:79. [PMID: 34203439 PMCID: PMC8293244 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels obtained by the cryotropic gelation process are macroporous hydrogels with a well-developed system of interconnected pores and shape memory. There have been significant recent advancements in our understanding of the cryotropic gelation process, and in the relationship between components, their structure and the application of the cryogels obtained. As cryogels are one of the most promising hydrogel-based biomaterials, and this field has been advancing rapidly, this review focuses on the design of biodegradable cryogels as advanced biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. The selection of a biodegradable polymer is key to the development of modern biomaterials that mimic the biological environment and the properties of artificial tissue, and are at the same time capable of being safely degraded/metabolized without any side effects. The range of biodegradable polymers utilized for cryogel formation is overviewed, including biopolymers, synthetic polymers, polymer blends, and composites. The paper discusses a cryotropic gelation method as a tool for synthesis of hydrogel materials with large, interconnected pores and mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties, adapted for targeted biomedical applications. The effect of the composition, cross-linker, freezing conditions, and the nature of the polymer on the morphology, mechanical properties and biodegradation of cryogels is discussed. The biodegradation of cryogels and its dependence on their production and composition is overviewed. Selected representative biomedical applications demonstrate how cryogel-based materials have been used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cancer research, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Mohamed Zoughaib
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (M.Z.); (A.A.Y.)
| | - Abdulla A. Yergeshov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (M.Z.); (A.A.Y.)
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9
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Tough and Low Friction Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Loaded with Anti-inflammatories for Cartilage Replacement. LUBRICANTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants8030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new materials that mimic cartilage and its function is an unmet need that will allow replacing the damaged parts of the joints, instead of the whole joint. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have raised special interest for this application due to their biocompatibility, high swelling capacity and chemical stability. In this work, the effect of post-processing treatments (annealing, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and gamma-radiation) on the performance of PVA gels obtained by cast-drying was investigated and, their ability to be used as delivery vehicles of the anti-inflammatories diclofenac or ketorolac was evaluated. HHP damaged the hydrogels, breaking some bonds in the polymeric matrix, and therefore led to poor mechanical and tribological properties. The remaining treatments, in general, improved the performance of the materials, increasing their crystallinity. Annealing at 150 °C generated the best mechanical and tribological results: higher resistance to compressive and tensile loads, lower friction coefficients and ability to support higher loads in sliding movement. This material was loaded with the anti-inflammatories, both without and with vitamin E (Vit.E) or Vit.E + cetalkonium chloride (CKC). Vit.E + CKC helped to control the release of the drugs which occurred in 24 h. The material did not induce irritability or cytotoxicity and, therefore, shows high potential to be used in cartilage replacement with a therapeutic effect in the immediate postoperative period.
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Analysis of the Degradation Process of Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Artificial Urine for Use as a Bioresorbable Material in the Treatment of Urethral Injuries. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels from natural polymers such as sodium alginate have great potential in regenerative medicine because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, bioresorption ability, and relatively low cost. Sodium alginate, a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is the most widely investigated and used biomaterial in biomedical applications. Alginate dressings are also useful as a delivery platform in order to provide a controlled release of therapeutic substances (e.g., pain-relieving, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agents). In our work, we aimed to analyze process of degradation of alginate hydrogels. We also describe an original hybrid crosslinking process by using not one, as usual, but a mixture of two crosslinking agents (calcium chloride and barium chloride). We proved that different crosslinking agents allow producing hydrogels with a spectrum of mechanical properties, similar to the urethra tissue. Hydrogels were formed using a dip-coating technique, and then examined by mechanical testing, FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and resorption on artificial urine. Obtained hydrogels have a different degradation rate in artificial urine, and they can be used as a material for healing of urethra injuries, especially urethra strictures, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients.
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11
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Wahab AHA, Saad APM, Syahrom A, Kadir MRA. In silico study of glenoid perforation during total shoulder arthroplasty: the effects on stress & micromotion. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:182-190. [PMID: 31910663 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1709828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glenoid perforation is not the intended consequence of the surgery and must be avoided. The analysis on biomechanical aspect of glenoid vault perforation remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of glenoid perforation towards stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. Eight glenoid implant models had been constructed with various size, number and type of fixation. A load of 750 N was applied to centre, superior-anterior and superior-posterior area. Implant perforation had minimal impact on stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. However, cement survival rate for implant without perforation was the highest with a difference of up to 37% compared to other perforated models. Besides that, implant fixation and high stresses at the implant had more of an impact on implant instability than implant perforation. As a conclusion, glenoid perforation did not influence the stress distribution and micromotion, but, it reduced cement survival rate and increase the stress critical volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hadi Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Sport Innovation and Technology Centre (SITC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amir Putra Md Saad
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDITEC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Applied Mechanics & Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ardiyansyah Syahrom
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDITEC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Applied Mechanics & Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Sport Innovation and Technology Centre (SITC), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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12
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Chen T, McCarthy MM, Guo H, Warren R, Maher SA. The Scaffold-Articular Cartilage Interface: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Analysis Under Controlled Loading Conditions. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2680997. [PMID: 29801169 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimal method to integrate scaffolds with articular cartilage has not yet been identified, in part because of our lack of understanding about the mechanobiological conditions at the interface. Our objective was to quantify the effect of mechanical loading on integration between a scaffold and articular cartilage. We hypothesized that increased number of loading cycles would have a detrimental effect on interface integrity. The following models were developed: (i) an in vitro scaffold-cartilage explant system in which compressive sinusoidal loading cycles were applied for 14 days at 1 Hz, 5 days per week, for either 900, 1800, 3600, or 7200 cycles per day and (ii) an in silico inhomogeneous, biphasic finite element model (bFEM) of the scaffold-cartilage construct that was used to characterize interface micromotion, stress, and fluid flow under the prescribed loading conditions. In accordance with our hypothesis, mechanical loading significantly decreased scaffold-cartilage interface strength compared to unloaded controls regardless of the number of loading cycles. The decrease in interfacial strength can be attributed to abrupt changes in vertical displacement, fluid pressure, and compressive stresses along the interface, which reach steady-state after only 150 cycles of loading. The interfacial mechanical conditions are further complicated by the mismatch between the homogeneous properties of the scaffold and the depth-dependent properties of the articular cartilage. Finally, we suggest that mechanical conditions at the interface can be more readily modulated by increasing pre-incubation time before the load is applied, as opposed to varying the number of loading cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chen
- Department of Biomechanics and Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
| | - Moira M McCarthy
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
| | - Hongqiang Guo
- Department of Biomechanics and Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, th , New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
| | - Russell Warren
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, th , New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
| | - Suzanne A Maher
- Department of Biomechanics and Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, th , New York, NY 10021 e-mail:
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13
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Arjmandi M, Ramezani M. Mechanical and tribological assessment of silica nanoparticle-alginate-polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels as a cartilage replacement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Wahab AHA, Saad APM, Harun MN, Syahrom A, Ramlee MH, Sulong MA, Kadir MRA. Developing functionally graded PVA hydrogel using simple freeze-thaw method for artificial glenoid labrum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:406-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Weller WJ. Emerging Technologies in Upper Extremity Surgery: Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Implant for Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty and Processed Nerve Allograft and Nerve Conduit for Digital Nerve Repairs. Orthop Clin North Am 2019; 50:87-93. [PMID: 30477709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the field of upper extremity surgery there are myriad new and developing technologies. The purpose of this article is to highlight a few of the most compelling new technologies and review their background, indications for use, and most recently reported outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Weller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic, 1211 Union Avenue, Suite 510, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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16
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Zhang YR, Xu KJ, Bai YL, Tang LQ, Jiang ZY, Liu YP, Liu ZJ, Zhou LC, Zhou XF. Features of the volume change and a new constitutive equation of hydrogels under uniaxial compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 85:181-187. [PMID: 29906673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For high-water content hydrogels in compression, the water inside of hydrogels contributes to the response of hydrogels to external loads directly, but part of the water is expelled from hydrogels in the meantime to change the volume of the hydrogel and reduce the contribution. In order to consider the contribution of the water in the constitution equation, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) hydrogels with high-water content were used as examples, and compressive experiments were carried out to measure both the stress-strain relation and the change of the volume in the meantime. By considering the effect of the difference of the contribution of water in different directions of the hydrogel, we deduced a new constitutive equation, which can pretty well depict the stress-strain of hydrogels with different water contents. The results showed that the contribution of water to the total stress increases with the compression strain and even exceed that of the polymer, although the expelled water reduces the contribution at the early loading stage, which well explains the difference of elastic moduli of hydrogels in compression and tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, China
| | - K J Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y L Bai
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Q Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Z Y Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y P Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z J Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L C Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X F Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, China
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Kucińska-Lipka J. Polyurethanes Crosslinked with Poly(vinyl alcohol) as a Slowly-Degradable and Hydrophilic Materials of Potential Use in Regenerative Medicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E352. [PMID: 29495510 PMCID: PMC5872931 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel, slowly-degradable and hydrophilic materials with proper mechanical properties and surface characteristics are in great demand within the biomedical field. In this paper, the design, synthesis, and characterization of polyurethanes (PUR) crosslinked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a new proposition for regenerative medicine is described. PVA-crosslinked PURs were synthesized by a two-step polymerization performed in a solvent (dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO). The raw materials used for the synthesis of PVA-crosslinked PURs were poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and PVA as a crosslinking agent. The obtained materials were studied towards their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological performance. The tests revealed contact angle of the materials surface between 38-47° and tensile strength in the range of 41-52 MPa. Mechanical characteristics of the obtained PURs was close to the characteristics of native human bone such as the cortical bone (TSb = 51-151 MPa) or the cancellous bone (TSb = 10-20 MPa). The obtained PVA-crosslinked PURs did not show significant progress of degradation after 3 months of incubation in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Accordingly, the obtained materials may behave similar to slowly-degradable materials, which can provide long-term physical support in, for example, tissue regeneration, as well as providing a uniform calcium deposition on the material surface, which may influence, for example, bone restoration. A performed short-term hemocompatibility study showed that obtained PVA-crosslinked PURs do not significantly influence blood components, and a cytotoxicity test performed with the use of MG 63 cell line revealed the great cytocompatibility of the obtained materials. According to the performed studies, such PVA-crosslinked PURs may be a suitable proposition for the field of tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
- Department of Polymers Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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Hixon KR, Lu T, Sell SA. A comprehensive review of cryogels and their roles in tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:29-41. [PMID: 28851666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is fundamental in providing an appropriate environment for cell interaction and signaling to occur. Replicating such a matrix is advantageous in the support of tissue ingrowth and regeneration through the field of tissue engineering. While scaffolds can be fabricated in many ways, cryogels have recently become a popular approach due to their macroporous structure and durability. Produced through the crosslinking of gel precursors followed by a subsequent controlled freeze/thaw cycle, the resulting cryogel provides a unique, sponge-like structure. Therefore, cryogels have proven advantageous for many tissue engineering applications including roles in bioreactor systems, cell separation, and scaffolding. Specifically, the matrix has been demonstrated to encourage the production of various molecules, such as antibodies, and has also been used for cryopreservation. Cryogels can pose as a bioreactor for the expansion of cell lines, as well as a vehicle for cell separation. Lastly, this matrix has shown excellent potential as a tissue engineered scaffold, encouraging regrowth at numerous damaged tissue sites in vivo. This review will briefly discuss the fabrication of cryogels, with an emphasis placed on their application in various facets of tissue engineering to provide an overview of this unique scaffold's past and future roles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cryogels are unique scaffolds produced through the controlled freezing and thawing of a polymer solution. There is an ever-growing body of literature that demonstrates their applicability in the realm of tissue engineering as extracellular matrix analogue scaffolds; with extensive information having been provided regarding the fabrication, porosity, and mechanical integrity of the scaffolds. Additionally, cryogels have been reviewed with respect to their role in bioseparation and as cellular incubators. This all-inclusive view of the roles that cryogels can play is critical to advancing the technology and expanding its niche within biomaterials and tissue engineering research. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of cryogel applications in tissue engineering that includes specific looks at their growing roles as extracellular matrix analogues, incubators, and in bioseparation processes.
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Qiu W, Wang J, Li L. Preparation and biological performance of poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite porous composites used for cartilage repair. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22929h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PVA/HA porous materials with proper cell structure and biological properties which were suitable for cartilage repair were prepared via thermoplastic foaming technique by using water/ethanol as co-blowing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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20
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Suzuki A, Sasaki S. Swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 229:828-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411915615469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are versatile biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility. In the past decades, physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. However, these materials have not yet been implemented due to their mechanical strength. Physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels consist of a swollen amorphous network of poly(vinyl alcohol) physically crosslinked by microcrystallites. Although the mechanical properties can be improved to some extent by controlling the distribution of microcrystallites on the nano- and micro-scales, enhancing the mechanical properties while maintaining high water content remains very difficult. It may be technologically impossible to significantly improve the mechanical properties while keeping the gel’s high water absorbance ability using conventional fabrication methods. Physical and chemical understandings of the swelling and mechanical properties of physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) gels are considered here; some promising strategies for their practical applications are presented. This review focuses more on the recent studies on swelling and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels, prepared using only poly(vinyl alcohol) and pure water with no other chemicals, as potential biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science, Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Saori Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Ghafar A, Parikka K, Sontag-Strohm T, Österberg M, Tenkanen M, Mikkonen KS. Strengthening effect of nanofibrillated cellulose is dependent on enzymatically oxidized polysaccharide gel matrices. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Bhullar SK, Özsel BK, Yadav R, Kaur G, Chintamaneni M, Buttar HS. Antibacterial activity of combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 12:289-94. [PMID: 26124061 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrous structures and synthetic polymer blends offer potential usages in making biomedical devices, textiles used in medical practices, food packaging, tissue engineering, environmental applications and biomedical arena. These products are also excellent candidates for building scaffolds to grow stem cells for implantation, to make tissue engineering grafts, to make stents to open up blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis or narrowed by blood clots, for drug delivery systems for micro- to nano-medicines, for transdermal patches, and for healing of wounds and burn care. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of woven and non-woven forms of nano- and macro-scale blended polymers having biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics. METHODS The antimicrobial activity of non-woven fibrous structures created with the combination of synthetic and biopolymer was assessed using Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes using pour plate method. Structural evaluation of the fabricated samples was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Broad spectrum antibacterial activities were found from the tested materials consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chitosan and nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PVA with chitosan was more bactericidal or bacteriostatic than that of nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. PVA combination with chitosan appears to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
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Wang E, Batra S, Cakmak M. A real time study on drying and the mechano-optical behavior of polyvinyl alcohol films in solid and swollen state. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:722-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Welzel PB, Friedrichs J, Grimmer M, Vogler S, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Cryogel micromechanics unraveled by atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1849-53. [PMID: 24729299 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-instructive physical characteristics of macroporous scaffolds, developed for tissue engineering applications, often remain difficult to assess. Here, an atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation approach is adapted to quantify the local mechanical properties of biohybrid glycosaminoglycan-poly(ethylene glycol) cryogels. Resulting from cryoconcentration effects upon gel formation, cryogel struts are observed to feature a higher stiffness compared to the corresponding bulk hydrogel materials. Local Young's moduli, porosity, and integral moduli of the cryogel scaffolds are compared in dependence on gel formation parameters. The results provide valuable insights into the cryogelation process and a base for adjusting physical characteristics of the obtained cryogel scaffolds, which can critically influence the cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Milauscha Grimmer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Vogler
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF); Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD); Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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Self-assembly study and formation of hydrophobized PVA dense and stable nanoparticles loaded with cholesterol or a steroid-type drug. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 428:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Taleb C, Berner S, Mantovani Ruggiero G. First metacarpal resurfacing with polyvinyl alcohol implant in osteoarthritis: preliminary study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 33:189-95. [PMID: 24880607 DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a condition that is frequently encountered in hand surgery. If conservative treatment fails, several surgical procedures are available ranging from arthroscopic debridement to total joint arthroplasty. This study focuses on a new resurfacing technique for the base of the first metacarpal using a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant. Our preliminary study found good clinical outcomes and no inflammatory reaction after a follow-up of 30 months. However prospective studies with a longer follow-up and more patient are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taleb
- Hand surgery department, Beneficência Portuguesa de Sao Paulo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hand surgery department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 21075 Illkirch, France.
| | - S Berner
- Hand surgery department, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G Mantovani Ruggiero
- Hand surgery department, Beneficência Portuguesa de Sao Paulo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pawar SV, Yadav GD. PVA/chitosan–glutaraldehyde cross-linked nitrile hydratase as reusable biocatalyst for conversion of nitriles to amides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kozbial A, Li L. Study on the friction of κ-carrageenan hydrogels in air and aqueous environments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 36:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wan W, Bannerman AD, Yang L, Mak H. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels for Biomedical Applications. POLYMERIC CRYOGELS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05846-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rawal B, Ribeiro R, Chouksey M, Tripathi K. Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair: A Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.615.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Krych AJ, Wanivenhaus F, Ng KW, Doty S, Warren RF, Maher SA. Matrix generation within a macroporous non-degradable implant for osteochondral defects is not enhanced with partial enzymatic digestion of the surrounding tissue: evaluation in an in vivo rabbit model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2429-2437. [PMID: 23846837 PMCID: PMC3839287 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are a significant source of pain, have limited ability to heal, and can lead to the development of osteoarthritis. However, a surgical solution is not available. To tackle this clinical problem, non-degradable implants capable of carrying mechanical load immediately after implantation and for the duration of implantation, while integrating with the host tissue, may be viable option. But integration between articular cartilage and non-degradable implants is not well studied. Our objective was to assess the in vivo performance of a novel macroporous, nondegradable, polyvinyl alcohol construct. We hypothesized that matrix generation within the implant would be enhanced with partial digestion of the edges of articular cartilage. Our hypothesis was tested by randomizing an osteochondral defect created in the trochlea of 14 New Zealand white rabbits to treatment with: (i) collagenase or (ii) saline, prior to insertion of the implant. At 1 and 3-month post-operatively, the gross morphology and histologic appearance of the implants and the surrounding tissue were assessed. At 3 months, the mechanical properties of the implant were also quantified. Overall, the hydrogel implants performed favorably; at all time-points and in all groups the implants remained well fixed, did not cause inflammation or synovitis, and did not cause extensive damage to the opposing articular cartilage. Regardless of treatment with saline or collagenase, at 1 month post-operatively implants from both groups had a contiguous interface with adjacent cartilage and were populated with chondrocyte-like cells. At 3 months fibrous encapsulation of all implants was evident, there was no difference between area of aggrecan staining in the collagenase versus saline groups, and implant modulus was similar in both groups; leading us to reject our hypothesis. In summary, a porous PVA osteochondral implant remained well fixed in a short term in vivo osteochondral defect model; however, matrix generation within the implant was not enhanced with partial digestion of adjacent articular cartilage.
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Delbecq F, Kono F, Kawai T. Preparation of PVP–PVA–exfoliated graphite cross-linked composite hydrogels for the incorporation of small tin nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A novel method for the accurate evaluation of Poisson's ratio of soft polymer materials. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:930798. [PMID: 23737733 PMCID: PMC3655649 DOI: 10.1155/2013/930798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method with a simple algorithm was developed to accurately measure Poisson's ratio of soft materials such as polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) with a custom experimental apparatus consisting of a tension device, a micro X-Y stage, an optical microscope, and a charge-coupled device camera. In the proposed method, the initial positions of the four vertices of an arbitrarily selected quadrilateral from the sample surface were first measured to generate a 2D 1st-order 4-node quadrilateral element for finite element numerical analysis. Next, minimum and maximum principal strains were calculated from differences between the initial and deformed shapes of the quadrilateral under tension. Finally, Poisson's ratio of PVA-H was determined by the ratio of minimum principal strain to maximum principal strain. This novel method has an advantage in the accurate evaluation of Poisson's ratio despite misalignment between specimens and experimental devices. In this study, Poisson's ratio of PVA-H was 0.44 ± 0.025 (n = 6) for 2.6–47.0% elongations with a tendency to decrease with increasing elongation. The current evaluation method of Poisson's ratio with a simple measurement system can be employed to a real-time automated vision-tracking system which is used to accurately evaluate the material properties of various soft materials.
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Macias CE, Bodugoz-Senturk H, Muratoglu OK. Quantification of PVA hydrogel dissolution in water and bovine serum. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Welzel PB, Grimmer M, Renneberg C, Naujox L, Zschoche S, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Macroporous StarPEG-Heparin Cryogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2349-58. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Milauscha Grimmer
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Renneberg
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Naujox
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zschoche
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
(IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC) and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Hohe Str.
6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Blum MM, Ovaert TC. Experimental and numerical tribological studies of a boundary lubricant functionalized poro-viscoelastic PVA hydrogel in normal contact and sliding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 14:248-58. [PMID: 22947923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a cross-linked network of polymers swollen with liquid and have the potential to be used as a synthetic replacement for local defects in load bearing tissues such as articular cartilage. Hydrogels display viscoelastic time dependent behavior, therefore experimental analysis of stresses at the surface and within the gel is difficult to perform. A three-dimensional model of a hydrogel was developed in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS™, implementing a poro-viscoelastic constitutive model along with a contact-dependent flow state and friction conditions. Water content measurements, sliding, and indentation experiments were performed on neat polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and on low friction boundary lubricant functionalized (BLF-PVA) hydrogels, both manufactured by freeze-thaw processes. Modulus results from the indentation experiments and coefficient of friction values from the sliding experiments were used as material property inputs to the model, while water content was used to calculate initial flow conditions. Tangential force and normal displacement data from a three-dimensional simulation of sliding were compared with the experiments. The tangential force patterns indicated important similarities with the fabricated hydrogels that included an initially high force value due to time dependent deformation followed by a decrease in a stabile value. A similar trend was observed with the normal displacement. These comparisons rendered the model suitable as a representation and were used to analyze the development and propagation of stresses in the immediate surface region. The results showed that in a three-dimensional stress field during sliding, the maximum stress shifted to the surface and rotated closer to the leading edge of contact. This occurred because the stress field becomes dominated by an amplified compressive stress at the leading edge due to the biphasic viscoelastic response of the material during sliding. Also, the complex multi-axial contact stress field was reduced to focus predominately on stress in the contact surface region in the direction of sliding. The results showed that during biphasic viscoelastic frictional sliding, the maximum tensile stress develops at the trailing edge of contact and a compressive stress develops at the leading edge in the direction of motion. The BLF-PVA hydrogels displayed a decrease in this tensile and compressive stress as compared to the standard PVA. The diminishment of these stresses would be expected to give the BLF-PVA hydrogels lower material wear with greater life expectancy as a synthetic articular cartilage implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Blum
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Baker MI, Walsh SP, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1451-7. [PMID: 22514196 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer derived from polyvinyl acetate through partial or full hydroxylation. PVA is commonly used in medical devices due to its low protein adsorption characteristics, biocompatibility, high water solubility, and chemical resistance. Some of the most common medical uses of PVA are in soft contact lenses, eye drops, embolization particles, tissue adhesion barriers, and as artificial cartilage and meniscus. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available published information on PVA with respect to its safety as a medical device implant material for cartilage replacement. The review includes historical clinical use of PVA in orthopedics, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. Finally, the safety recommendation involving the further development of PVA cryogels for cartilage replacement is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel I Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Srivastava A, Kumar A. Synthesis and Characterization of a Temperature-Responsive Biocompatible Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Cryogel: a Step Towards Designing a Novel Cell Scaffold. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:1393-415. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12457418891946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Srivastava
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- b Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
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Swieszkowski W, Kurzydlowski KJ. Numerical modeling in the design and evaluation of scaffolds for orthopaedics applications. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 868:155-182. [PMID: 22692611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-764-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerical modeling becomes a very useful tool for design and preclinical evaluation of scaffold for tissue engineering. This chapter illustrates, how finite element analysis and genetic algorithm maybe applied to predict the mechanical performance of novel scaffolds, with a honeycomb-like pattern, a fully interconnected channel network, and controllable porosity fabricated in layers of directionally aligned microfibers deposited using a computer-controlled extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa, Poland.
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41
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Hadj Henni A, Schmitt C, Tremblay MÉ, Hamdine M, Heuzey MC, Carreau P, Cloutier G. Hyper-frequency viscoelastic spectroscopy of biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:1115-22. [PMID: 21783120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of new biomaterials and elastography imaging techniques, there is a need for innovative instruments dedicated to viscoelasticity measurements. In this work, we introduce a novel hyper-frequency viscoelastic spectroscopy (HFVS) technique dedicated to characterize soft media subjected to mid-to-very-high frequency stress ranges (or, equivalently, to probe short-to-very-short relaxation times). HFVS, which has been implemented in an analytical instrument performing non-contact measurements in less than 1 s between 10 and 1000 Hz, is a suitable tool to study viscoelasticity for bio-applications. In this context, HFVS has been compared to classical oscillatory rheometry on several classes of soft materials currently encountered in tissue repair, bioengineering and elastography imaging on a frequency range between 10 and 100 Hz. After having demonstrated the good correspondence between HFVS and rheometry, this study has been completed by exploring the sensitivity of HFVS to physicochemically induced variations of viscoelasticity. HFVS opens promising perspectives in the challenging field of biomaterial science and for viscoelasticity-based quality control of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hadj Henni
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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42
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Srivastava A, Kumar A. Thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) cryogels: synthesis and its biophysical evaluation for tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2937-2945. [PMID: 20625836 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCl) based cryogel network were synthesized and characterized with respect to physical and biological properties. The PVCl cryogel crosslinked with polyethylene glycol-diacrylate (PEGda) was synthesized in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide containing aqueous medium at -12°C for 12-14 h. The cryogel synthesized in this manner were highly spongy in nature and can absorb water in its porous network. These polymeric cryogel networks have good physical morphology as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The estimated porosity of these cryogels was 90% as demonstrated by various methods based on absorption of water and cyclohexane. The median pore diameter and surface area was 30 μm and 2.0253 m(2)/g, respectively as confirmed by analysis on mercury porosimeter. These materials can interact with biological system without any cytotoxic effects. Change in temperature influenced the adsorption of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on PVCl scaffold which showed maximum protein adsorption at 37°C, as compared to that at 25°C. Furthermore, the fibroblast cell adhesion studies showed the potential of these PVCl based cryogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
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Bhat S, Tripathi A, Kumar A. Supermacroprous chitosan-agarose-gelatin cryogels: in vitro characterization and in vivo assessment for cartilage tissue engineering. J R Soc Interface 2010; 8:540-54. [PMID: 20943683 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on the synthesis of a novel polymeric scaffold having good porosity and mechanical characteristics synthesized by using natural polymers and their optimization for application in cartilage tissue engineering. The scaffolds were synthesized via cryogelation technology using an optimized ratio of the polymer solutions (chitosan, agarose and gelatin) and cross-linker followed by the incubation at sub-zero temperature (-12°C). Microstructure examination of the chitosan-agarose-gelatine (CAG) cryogels was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy. Mechanical analysis, such as the unconfined compression test, demonstrated that cryogels with varying chitosan concentrations, i.e. 0.5-1% have a high compression modulus. In addition, fatigue tests revealed that scaffolds are suitable for bioreactor studies where gels are subjected to continuous cyclic strain. In order to confirm the stability, cryogels were subjected to high frequency (5 Hz) with 30 per cent compression of their original length up to 1 × 10(5) cycles, gels did not show any significant changes in their mass and dimensions during the experiment. These cryogels have exhibited degradation capacity under aseptic conditions. CAG cryogels showed good cell adhesion of primary goat chondrocytes examined by SEM. Cytotoxicity of the material was checked by MTT assay and results confirmed the biocompatibility of the material. In vivo biocompatibility of the scaffolds was checked by the implantation of the scaffolds in laboratory animals. These results suggest the potential of CAG cryogels as a good three-dimensional scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumrita Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016- Kanpur, India
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Pazos V, Mongrain R, Tardif JC. Deformable Mock Stenotic Artery With a Lipid Pool. J Biomech Eng 2010; 132:034501. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The comparison, evaluation, and optimization of new techniques, models, or algorithms often require the use of realistic deformable test phantoms. The purpose of this paper is to present a multilayer deformable test specimen mimicking an atherosclerotic coronary artery, suitable for mechanical testing and intravascular imaging. Mock arteries were constructed in three phases using two molds: building a first layer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel, adding a lipid pool and building a second layer of PVA cryogel. To illustrate the deformation of the mock arteries, one has been placed in a custom-made bath, axially stretched then inflated while acquiring intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images. The resulting specimen presents a progressing lumen narrowing of 25% in cross-sectional area at the peak and a lipid pool. The average inner gel layer is about 0.4 mm thick and the outer about 0.6 mm. The dimensions are of the same order as clinical observations, the first gel layer mimicking the intima-media and the second layer the adventitia. In the sequence of IVUS images, the different components of the mock artery are visible and differentiable. The variation in diameter of the segmented contours is presented for a specific specimen subjected to intraluminal pressure. This double-layer stenotic mock artery is approximately the size of a human coronary artery, has a lipid inclusion, can withstand relative large deformation, suitable for (intravascular) ultrasound imaging, and has customizable geometry and wall material parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Pazos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, MacDonald Building, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - R. Mongrain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, MacDonald Building, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - J. C. Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 boul. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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45
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Yim ES, Zhao B, Myung D, Kourtis LC, Frank CW, Carter D, Smith RL, Goodman SB. Biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel particles in RAW 264.7 macrophage and MG-63 osteoblast cell lines. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:894-902. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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46
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Jain E, Srivastava A, Kumar A. Macroporous interpenetrating cryogel network of poly(acrylonitrile) and gelatin for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20 Suppl 1:S173-S179. [PMID: 18597161 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryogels are supermacroporous gel network formed by cryogelation of appropriate monomers or polymeric precursors at subzero temperature. The beneficial feature of this system is a unique combination of high porosity with adequate mechanical strength and osmotic stability, due to which they are being envisaged as potential scaffold material for various biomedical applications. One of the important aspect of cryogel is simple approach by which they can be synthesized and use of aqueous solvent for their synthesis which make them suitable for different biological applications. Various modifications of the cryogels have been sought which involves coupling of various ligands to its surfaces, grafting of polymer chain to cryogel surface or interpenetrating networks of two or more polymers to form a cryogel which provides diversity of its applications. In the following work we have synthesized full interpenetrating network of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-gelatin with varied gelatin concentration. The PAN-gelatin cryogel interpenetrating network is macroporous in nature and has high percentage swelling equilibrium in the range of 862-1,200 with a flow rate greater than 10 ml/min, which characterizes the interconnectivity of pores and convective flow within the network. PAN-gelatin interpenetrating cryogel network has good mechanical stability as determined by Young's modulus which varies from 123 kPa to 819 kPa depending upon the polymer concentration. Moreover they are shown to be biocompatible and support cell growth within the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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47
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Geary C, Jones E, Fitzpatrick D, Kelly CP, Birkinshaw C. In-vitro evaluation of a polyurethane compliant-layer glenoid for use in shoulder arthroplasty. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 224:551-63. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A polyurethane glenoid component has been designed and manufactured as part of a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) system based on compliant-layer (CL) technology. Compared with conventional TSA designs, this biomimetic approach offers reduced friction and wear and potentially improved longevity. In-vitro evaluation of the glenoid system has included loosening and stability tests, and wear measurement using a specially constructed wear simulator. The results obtained support the hypothesis that a CL glenoid design may provide improved resistance to dynamic loosening and rim erosion, and demonstrate superior wear performance over a standard ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene design. This study not only confirms the feasibility of a CL glenoid component but also highlights the potential to increase implant longevity, thereby allowing earlier surgical intervention before poor glenoid bone stock and soft tissue compromise the outcome of TSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geary
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - E Jones
- Stryker Osteonics, Raheen, Limerick, Ireland
| | - D Fitzpatrick
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C P Kelly
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - C Birkinshaw
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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48
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Feng SQ, Shen XY, Fu ZY, Ji YL. Studies on the electrospun submicron fibers of SIS and its mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Tripathi A, Kathuria N, Kumar A. Elastic and macroporous agarose-gelatin cryogels with isotropic and anisotropic porosity for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:680-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Millon LE, Oates CJ, Wan W. Compression properties of polyvinyl alcohol - bacterial cellulose nanocomposite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:922-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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