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Hoffman J, Zheng S, Zhang H, Murphy RF, Dahl KN. Image-based discrimination of the early stages of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar103. [PMID: 38837346 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells, which can be used in cellular and tissue therapeutics. MSCs cell number can be expanded in vitro, but premature differentiation results in reduced cell number and compromised therapeutic efficacies. Current techniques fail to discriminate the "stem-like" population from early stages (12 h) of differentiated MSC population. Here, we imaged nuclear structure and actin architecture using immunofluorescence and used deep learning-based computer vision technology to discriminate the early stages (6-12 h) of MSC differentiation. Convolutional neural network models trained by nucleus and actin images have high accuracy in reporting MSC differentiation; nuclear images alone can identify early stages of differentiation. Concurrently, we show that chromatin fluidity and heterochromatin levels or localization change during early MSC differentiation. This study quantifies changes in cell architecture during early MSC differentiation and describes a novel image-based diagnostic tool that could be widely used in MSC culture, expansion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hoffman
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Shiyuan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Huaiying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert F Murphy
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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2
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Kim J, Ryu G, Seo J, Go M, Kim G, Yi S, Kim S, Lee H, Lee JY, Kim HS, Park MC, Shin DH, Shim H, Kim W, Lee SY. 5-aminosalicylic acid suppresses osteoarthritis through the OSCAR-PPARγ axis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1024. [PMID: 38310093 PMCID: PMC10838344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and irreversible degenerative joint disease that is characterized by cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovitis. Despite affecting millions of patients, effective and safe disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs are lacking. Here we reveal an unexpected role for the small molecule 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in ulcerative colitis. We show that 5-ASA competes with extracellular-matrix collagen-II to bind to osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) on chondrocytes. Intra-articular 5-ASA injections ameliorate OA generated by surgery-induced medial-meniscus destabilization in male mice. Significantly, this effect is also observed when 5-ASA was administered well after OA onset. Moreover, mice with DMM-induced OA that are treated with 5-ASA at weeks 8-11 and sacrificed at week 12 have thicker cartilage than untreated mice that were sacrificed at week 8. Mechanistically, 5-ASA reverses OSCAR-mediated transcriptional repression of PPARγ in articular chondrocytes, thereby suppressing COX-2-related inflammation. It also improves chondrogenesis, strongly downregulates ECM catabolism, and promotes ECM anabolism. Our results suggest that 5-ASA could serve as a DMOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gina Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Go
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungmin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Yi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hae Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Khan S, Mahgoub S, Fallatah N, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. Liver Disease and Cell Therapy: Advances Made and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:739-761. [PMID: 37052348 PMCID: PMC10809282 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of organs for liver transplantation, the ultimate curative treatment for end stage liver disease, has resulted in a growing and unmet need for alternative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory liver disease. Significant strides have been made in exploring their biological activity. Clinical application of MSC has shifted the paradigm from using their regenerative potential to one which harnesses their immunomodulatory properties. Reassuringly, MSCs have been extensively investigated for over 30 years with encouraging efficacy and safety data from translational and early phase clinical studies, but questions remain about their utility. Therefore, in this review, we examine the translational and clinical studies using MSCs in various liver diseases and their impact on dampening immune-mediated liver damage. Our key observations include progress made thus far with use of MSCs for clinical use, inconsistency in the literature to allow meaningful comparison between different studies and need for standardized protocols for MSC manufacture and administration. In addition, the emerging role of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to MSC has been reviewed. We have also highlighted some of the remaining clinical challenges that should be addressed before MSC can progress to be considered as therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nada Fallatah
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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4
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Yang X, Li Q, Liu W, Zong C, Wei L, Shi Y, Han Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 36823236 PMCID: PMC10229624 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is a significant health burden worldwide, resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and accounting for many deaths each year. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is very complex, which makes treatment challenging. Endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Paradoxically, exogenous MSCs have also been used in clinical trials for liver cirrhosis, and their effectiveness has been observed in most completed clinical trials. There are still many issues to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. In this review, we will examine the controversial role of MSCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. We also investigated the clinical trials involving MSCs in liver cirrhosis, summarized the parameters that need to be standardized, and discussed how to promote the use of MSCs from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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5
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Campinoti S, Almeida B, Goudarzi N, Bencina S, Grundland Freile F, McQuitty C, Natarajan D, Cox IJ, Le Guennec A, Khati V, Gaudenzi G, Gramignoli R, Urbani L. Rat liver extracellular matrix and perfusion bioreactor culture promote human amnion epithelial cell differentiation towards hepatocyte-like cells. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231219813. [PMID: 38143931 PMCID: PMC10748678 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231219813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital and chronic liver diseases have a substantial health burden worldwide. The most effective treatment available for these patients is whole organ transplantation; however, due to the severely limited supply of donor livers and the side effects associated with the immunosuppressive regimen required to accept allograft, the mortality rate in patients with end-stage liver disease is annually rising. Stem cell-based therapy aims to provide alternative treatments by either cell transplantation or bioengineered construct transplantation. Human amnion epithelial cells (AEC) are a widely available, ethically neutral source of cells with the plasticity and potential of multipotent stem cells and immunomodulatory properties of perinatal cells. AEC have been proven to be able to achieve functional improvement towards hepatocyte-like cells, capable of rescuing animals with metabolic disorders; however, they showed limited metabolic activities in vitro. Decellularised extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have gained recognition as adjunct biological support. Decellularised scaffolds maintain native ECM components and the 3D architecture instrumental of the organ, necessary to support cells' maturation and function. We combined ECM-scaffold technology with primary human AEC, which we demonstrated being equipped with essential ECM-adhesion proteins, and evaluated the effects on AEC differentiation into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). This novel approach included the use of a custom 4D bioreactor to provide constant oxygenation and media perfusion to cells in 3D cultures over time. We successfully generated HLC positive for hepatic markers such as ALB, CYP3A4 and CK18. AEC-derived HLC displayed early signs of hepatocyte phenotype, secreted albumin and urea, and expressed Phase-1 and -2 enzymes. The combination of liver-specific ECM and bioreactor provides a system able to aid differentiation into HLC, indicating that the innovative perfusion ECM-scaffold technology may support the functional improvement of multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, with important repercussions in the bioengineering of constructs for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Campinoti
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Bruna Almeida
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Negin Goudarzi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Bencina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fabio Grundland Freile
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire McQuitty
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - I Jane Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Vamakshi Khati
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luca Urbani
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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6
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Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic End-Stage Liver Disease Control. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1526217. [PMID: 36248254 PMCID: PMC9568364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1526217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic liver diseases will slowly develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if no proper control is performed with high efficiency. Up to now, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation has the problems of donor deficiency, low matching rate, surgical complications, high cost, and immune rejection. These problems indicate that novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. MSCs can secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory molecules, and hepatotrophic factors, as well as produce extracellular vesicles. They alleviate liver diseases by differentiating to hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, homing to the injured site, regulating cell ferroptosis, regulating cell autophagy, paracrine effects, and MSC-mitochondrial transfer. In this review, we focus on the main resources of MSCs, underlying therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, and efforts made to improve MSC-based cell therapy efficiency.
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Clinical Application of Induced Hepatocyte-like Cells Produced from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Literature Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131998. [PMID: 35805080 PMCID: PMC9265349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. The vast majority of liver disease is caused by metabolic disease (i.e., NASH) and alcohol-induced hepatitis, and to a lesser extent by acute and chronic viral infection. Furthermore, multiple insults to the liver is becoming common due to the prevalence of metabolic and alcohol-related liver diseases. Despite this rising prevalence of liver disease, there are few treatment options: there are treatments for viral hepatitis C and there is vaccination for hepatitis B. Aside from the management of metabolic syndrome, no direct liver therapy has shown clinical efficacy for metabolic liver disease, there is very little for acute alcohol-induced liver disease, and liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for late-stage liver disease. Traditional pharmacologic interventions have failed to appreciably impact the pathophysiology of alcohol-related liver disease or end-stage liver disease. The difficulties associated with developing liver-specific therapies result from three factors that are common to late-stage liver disease arising from any cause: hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and aberrant tissue healing. Hepatocyte injury results in tissue damage with inflammation, which sensitizes the liver to additional hepatocyte injury and stimulates hepatic stellate cells and aberrant tissue healing responses. In the setting of chronic liver insults, there is progressive scarring, the loss of hepatocyte function, and hemodynamic dysregulation. Regenerative strategies using hepatocyte-like cells that are manufactured from mesenchymal stromal cells may be able to correct this pathophysiology through multiple mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies support their effectiveness and recent clinical studies suggest that cell replacement therapy can be safe and effective in patients with liver disease for whom there is no other option.
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Shao B, Qin YF, Ren SH, Peng QF, Qin H, Wang ZB, Wang HD, Li GM, Zhu YL, Sun CL, Zhang JY, Li X, Wang H. Structural and Temporal Dynamics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Diseases From 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859972. [PMID: 35663940 PMCID: PMC9160197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in liver diseases. This study aims to comprehensively review the cooperation and influence of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of MSCs in liver diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and discover hot trends and emerging topics. Methods The articles and reviews related to MSCs in liver diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using Topic Search. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results A total of 3404 articles and reviews were included over the period 2001-2021. The number of articles regarding MSCs in liver diseases showed an increasing trend. These publications mainly come from 3251 institutions in 113 countries led by China and the USA. Li L published the most papers among the publications, while Pittenger MF had the most co-citations. Analysis of the most productive journals shows that most are specialized in medical research, experimental medicine and cell biology, and cell & tissue engineering. The macroscopical sketch and micro-representation of the whole knowledge field are realized through co-citation analysis. Liver scaffold, MSC therapy, extracellular vesicle, and others are current and developing areas of the study. The keywords "machine perfusion", "liver transplantation", and "microRNAs" also may be the focus of new trends and future research. Conclusions In this study, bibliometrics and visual methods were used to review the research of MSCs in liver diseases comprehensively. This paper will help scholars better understand the dynamic evolution of the application of MSCs in liver diseases and point out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Fei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Hua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang-Lin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Lu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Antarianto RD, Pragiwaksana A, Septiana WL, Mazfufah NF, Mahmood A. Hepatocyte Differentiation from iPSCs or MSCs in Decellularized Liver Scaffold: Cell–ECM Adhesion, Spatial Distribution, and Hepatocyte Maturation Profile. Organogenesis 2022; 18:2061263. [PMID: 35435152 PMCID: PMC9037523 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2022.2061263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been reported to be able to differentiate to hepatocyte in vitro with varying degree of hepatocyte maturation. A simple method to decellularize liver scaffold has been established by the Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, in SCTE IMERI lab.15 This study aims to evaluate hepatocyte differentiation from iPSCs compared to MSCs derived in our decellularized liver scaffold. The research stages started with iPSC culture, decellularization, seeding cell culture into the scaffold, and differentiation into hepatocytes for 21 days. Hepatocyte differentiation from iPSCs and MSCs in the scaffolds was characterized using hematoxylin–eosin, Masson Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining to determine the fraction of the differentiation area. RNA samples were isolated on days 7 and 21. Expression of albumin, CYP450, and CK-19 genes were analyzed using the qRT-PCR method. Electron microscopy images were obtained by SEM. Immunofluorescence examination was done using HNF4-α and CEBPA markers. The results of this study in hepatocyte-differentiated iPSCs compared with hepatocyte-differentiated MSCs in decellularized liver scaffold showed lower adhesion capacity, single-cell-formation and adhered less abundant, decreased trends of albumin, and lower CYP450 expression. Several factors contribute to this result: lower initial seeding number, which causes only a few iPSCs to attach to certain parts of decellularized liver scaffold, and manual syringe injection for recellularization, which abruptly and unevenly creates pattern of single-cell-formation by hepatocyte-differentiated iPSC in the scaffold. Hepatocyte-differentiated MSCs have the advantage of higher adhesion capacity to collagen fiber decellularized liver scaffold. This leads to positive result: increase trends of albumin and higher CYP450 expression. Hepatocyte maturation is shown by diminishing CK-19, which is more prominent in hepatocyte-differentiated iPSCs in decellularized liver scaffold. Confirmation of mature hepatocyte-differentiated iPSCs in decellularized liver scaffold maturation is positive for HNF4-a and CEBPA. The conclusion of this study is hepatocyte-differentiated iPSCs in decellularized liver scaffold is mature with lower cell–ECM adhesion, spatial cell distribution, albumin, and CYP450 expression than hepatocyte-differentiated MSCs in decellularized liver scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research cluster, (IMERI) Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta Indonesia
- Program Doktor Ilmu Biomedik, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adrian Pragiwaksana
- Program Master Ilmu Biomedik, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wahyunia Likhayati Septiana
- Program Doktor Ilmu Biomedik, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Nuzli Fahdia Mazfufah
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research cluster, (IMERI) Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Ameer Mahmood
- Stem cell unit Department of Anatomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
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10
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Moon Y, Patel M, Um S, Lee HJ, Park S, Park SB, Cha SS, Jeong B. Folic acid pretreatment and its sustained delivery for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. J Control Release 2022; 343:118-130. [PMID: 35051494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary uptake of folic acid (FA) improves cartilage regeneration. In this work, we discovered that three days of FA treatment is highly effective for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs). In a three-dimensional pellet culture, the levels of typical chondrogenic biomarkers, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycan, type II collagen (COL II), SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX 9), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and aggrecan (ACAN) increased significantly in proportion to FA concentration up to 30 μM. At the mRNA expression level, COL II, SOX 9, COMP, and ACAN increased 3.6-6.0-fold with FA treatment at 30 μM compared with the control system that did not receive FA treatment, and the levels with FA treatment were 1.6-2.5 times greater than those in the kartogenin-treated positive control system. FA treatment did not increase type I collagen α1 (COL I α1), an osteogenic biomarker which is a concern with most chondrogenic promoters. At the high FA concentration of 100 μM, significant decreases in chondrogenic biomarkers were observed, which might be related to DNA methylation. A thermogel system incorporating TMSCs and FA provided sustained release of FA over several days, similar to the FA treatment. The thermogel system confirmed the efficacy of FA in promoting chondrogenic promotion of TMSCs. The increased nuclear translocation of core-binding factor β subunit (CBFβ) and the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) expression after FA treatment, together with molecular docking studies, suggest that the chondrogenic enhancement mechanism of FA is mediated by CBFβ and RUNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Bong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kouchakian MR, Baghban N, Moniri SF, Baghban M, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Safaei Z, Izanlou S, Khoradmehr A, Nabipour I, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1634782. [PMID: 34745268 PMCID: PMC8566082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1634782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells, which are multipotent and possess the ability to differentiate/transdifferentiate into mesodermal and nonmesodermal cell lineages. MSCs display broad immunomodulatory properties since they are capable of secreting growth factors and chemotactic cytokines. Safety, accessibility, and isolation from patients without ethical concern make MSCs valuable sources for cell therapy approaches in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Many studies have been conducted on the application of MSCs as a new therapy, but it seems that a low percentage of them is related to clinical trials, especially completed clinical trials. Considering the importance of clinical trials to develop this type of therapy as a new treatment, the current paper is aimed at describing characteristics of MSCs and reviewing relevant clinical studies registered on the NIH database during 2016-2020 to discuss recent advances on MSC-based therapeutic approaches being used in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kouchakian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farzaneh Moniri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Anatomy & Biochemistry Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Amir Al Mo'menin Hospital, Amir Al Mo'menin IVF Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Safoura Izanlou
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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12
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Riedl J, Popp C, Eide C, Ebens C, Tolar J. Mesenchymal stromal cells in wound healing applications: role of the secretome, targeted delivery and impact on recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treatment. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:961-973. [PMID: 34376336 PMCID: PMC8569889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multi-potent stromal-derived cells capable of self-renewal that possess several advantageous properties for wound healing, making them of interest to the field of dermatology. Research has focused on characterizing the unique properties of MSCs, which broadly revolve around their regenerative and more recently discovered immunomodulatory capacities. Because of ease of harvesting and expansion, differentiation potential and low immunogenicity, MSCs have been leading candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications for wound healing, yet results from clinical studies have been variable, and promising pre-clinical work has been difficult to reproduce. Therefore, the specific mechanisms of how MSCs influence the local microenvironment in distinct wound etiologies warrant further research. Of specific interest in MSC-mediated healing is harnessing the secretome, which is composed of components known to positively influence wound healing. Molecules released by the MSC secretome can promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis while inhibiting fibrosis and microbial invasion. This review focuses on the therapeutic interest in MSCs with regard to wound healing applications, including burns and diabetic ulcers, with specific attention to the genetic skin disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This review also compares various delivery methods to support skin regeneration in the hopes of combating the poor engraftment of MSCs after delivery, which is one of the major pitfalls in clinical studies utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Riedl
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Courtney Popp
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christen Ebens
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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13
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Li SW, Cai Y, Mao XL, He SQ, Chen YH, Yan LL, Zhou JJ, Song YQ, Ye LP, Zhou XB. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6930263. [PMID: 34531915 PMCID: PMC8440082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6930263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-qin He
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-qi Song
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Luo S, Ai Y, Xiao S, Wang B, Wang Y. Functional hit 1 (FH1)-based rapid and efficient generation of functional hepatocytes from human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel strategy for hepatic differentiation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1087. [PMID: 34422999 PMCID: PMC8339809 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Because the liver is central to the physiology of the body, primary hepatocytes are widely used in liver pathology and physiological research, such as liver drug screening, bioartificial liver support system, and cell therapy for liver diseases. However, the source of primary hepatocytes is limited. We describe a novel non-transgenic protocol that facilitates the rapid generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), providing a new source of functional hepatocytes. Methods In this study, we used hUC-MSCs and human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) to investigate the new induction strategy. Passage 3 MSCs were induced into hepatocyte-like cells using small-molecule compounds combined with cell factors in vitro. Functional hit 1 (FH1), a promising small molecule compound was achieved to replace HGF in the hepatocyte maturation stage to induce the hepatocyte-like cells differentiation. Results We rapidly induced hUC-MSCs and human iMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells within 10 days in vitro, and the cells were morphologically similarly to both hepatocytes derived from the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-based method and the primary hepatocytes. They expressed mature hepatocyte special genes and achieved functions such as glycogen storage, albumin expression, urea secretion, cytochrome P450 activity, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and indocyanine green (ICG) uptake. Conclusions We successfully established a small-molecule protocol without using HGF to differentiate MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells, which provides a rapid and cost-effective platform for in vitro studies of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Aithal AP, Bairy LK, Seetharam RN. Safety and therapeutic potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 34124233 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is considered as an alternative approach to healthcare. Owing to their pluripotent abilities and their relative lack of ethical and legal issues, adult stem cells are considered as optimal candidates for use in the treatment of various diseases. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are among the most promising candidates for clinical applications as they have expressed a higher degree of plasticity in vitro. Many investigators have begun to examine how bone marrow stem cells might be used to rebuild damaged tissues. The systemic administration of cells for therapeutic applications requires efficient migration and homing of cells to the target site. Cell adhesion molecules and their ligands, chemokines, extracellular matrix components and specialized bone marrow niches all participate in the proper regulation of this process. MSCs suppress the pathophysiological process that is mediated by chronic inflammation and contributes to a modification of the microenvironment and tissue regeneration. Due to the intricacy of the mesenchymal stem cell, there is ever-increasing amount of data emerging about their migration and regenerative mechanisms. Many factors influence MSC mobilization and their homing to injured tissues. This review summarizes the current clinical and pre-clinical data available in literature regarding the use of MSC in tissue repair and their prospective therapeutic role in various diseases and the underlying repair mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini P Aithal
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Laxminarayana K Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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16
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Smith K, Mercuri J. Microgravity and Radiation Effects on Astronaut Intervertebral Disc Health. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2021; 92:342-352. [PMID: 33875067 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5713.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The effects of spaceflight on the intervertebral disc (IVD) have not been thoroughly studied, despite the knowledge that spaceflight increases the risk of herniation of IVDs in astronauts upon return to Earth. However, as long duration missions become more common, fully characterizing the mechanisms behind space-induced IVD degeneration becomes increasingly imperative for mission success. This review therefore surveys current literature to outline the results of human, animal, and cell-level studies investigating the effect of microgravity and radiation exposure on IVD health. Overall, recurring study findings include increases in IVD height in microgravity conditions, upregulation of catabolic proteases leading to a weakening extracellular matrix (ECM), and both nucleus pulposus (NP) swelling and loss of annulus fibrosus (AF) fiber alignment which are hypothesized to contribute to the increased risk of herniation when reloading is experienced. However, the limitations of current studies are also discussed. For example, human studies do not allow for invasive measures of the underpinning biochemical mechanisms, correlating animal model results to the human condition may be difficult, and cellular studies lack incorporation of ECM and other complexities that mimic the native IVD microarchitecture and environment. Moving forward, the use of three-dimensional organoid culture models that incorporate IVD-specific human cells, ECM, and signals as well as the development of cell- and ECM-level computational models may further improve our understanding of the impacts that spaceflight has on astronaut IVD health.Smith K, Mercuri J. Microgravity and radiation effects on astronaut intervertebral disc health. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):342352.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. However, a shortage of donor organs, high cost, and surgical complications limit the use of this treatment. Cellular therapies using hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated as alternative treatments to liver transplantation. The purpose of this review is to describe studies using MSC transplantation for liver diseases based on the reported literature and to discuss prospective research designed to improve the efficacy of MSC therapy. RECENT FINDINGS MSCs have several properties that show potential to regenerate injured tissues or organs, such as homing, transdifferentiation, immunosuppression, and cellular protective capacity. Additionally, MSCs can be noninvasively isolated from various tissues and expanded ex vivo in sufficient numbers for clinical evaluation. SUMMARY Currently, there is no approved MSC therapy for the treatment of liver disease. However, MSC therapy is considered a promising alternative treatment for end-stage liver diseases and is reported to improve liver function safely with no side effects. Further robust preclinical and clinical studies will be needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation.
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18
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Kang SH, Kim MY, Eom YW, Baik SK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Disease: Present and Perspectives. Gut Liver 2021; 14:306-315. [PMID: 31581387 PMCID: PMC7234888 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy for treating chronic liver diseases. The potential of this treatment has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Although the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are still not completely understood, accumulating evidence has revealed that their immunomodulation, differentiation, and antifibrotic properties play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The safety and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with chronic liver disease have been observed in many clinical studies. However, only modest improvements have been seen, partly because of the limited feasibility of transplanted cells at present. Here, we discuss several strategies targeted at improving viable cell engraftment and the potential challenges in the use of extracellular vesicle-based therapies for liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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19
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Liu Y, Li F, Cai Z, Wang D, Hou R, Zhang H, Zhang M, Yie S, Wu K, Zeng C, An J. Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord of giant panda. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101518. [PMID: 33676235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) constitute a class of cells with significant self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties and have great potential for therapeutic applications and the genetic conservation of endangered animals. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured UC-MSCs from the blood vessels of giant panda umbilical cord (UC). The cells were arranged in a vortex or cluster pattern and exhibited a normal karyotype, showing the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. In addition, we found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) promoted cell proliferation, whereas stem cell factor (SCF) did not promote cell proliferation. Cultured UC-MSCs were negative for CD34 (hematopoietic stem cell marker) and CD31 (endothelial cell marker), but positive for MSC markers (CD44, CD49f, CD105, and CD73) and stem cell markers (KLF4, SOX2, and THY1). Similar to other MSCs, giant panda UC-MSCs have multiple differentiation ability and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Giant panda UC-MSCs are new resources for basic research as cell models following their differentiation into different cell types and for future clinical treatments of giant panda diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Feiping Li
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shangmian Yie
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Kongju Wu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Junhui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China.
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He C, Yang Y, Zheng K, Chen Y, Liu S, Li Y, Han Q, Zhao RC, Wang L, Zhang F. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in autoimmune liver diseases: underlying roles, advantages and challenges. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321993442. [PMID: 33633826 PMCID: PMC7887681 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321993442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a series of chronic liver diseases with abnormal immune responses, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment options for AILD remain limited, and the adverse side effects of the drugs that are typically used for treatment frequently lead to a low quality of life for AILD patients. Moreover, AILD patients may have a poor prognosis, especially those with an incomplete response to first-line treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with low immunogenicity and can be conveniently harvested. MSC-based therapy is emerging as a promising approach for treating liver diseases based on their advantageous characteristics of immunomodulation, anti-fibrosis effects, and differentiation to hepatocytes, and accumulating evidence has revealed the positive effects of MSC therapy in AILD. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of MSC treatment for AILD based on work in animal and clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges of MSC therapy in clinical applications. In summary, although promising data from preclinical studies are now available, MSC therapy is currently far for being applied in clinical practice, thus developing MSC therapy in AILD is still challenging and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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21
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Abstract
Tissue engineering refers to the attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. This is a field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors, and their combinations to create tissue-like structures. To date, no tissue engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but they may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss in the near future. Herein, we reviewed the literature and showed different techniques to produce synthetic tissues with the same architectural, structural and functional properties as native tissues.
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22
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Vasanthan J, Gurusamy N, Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Kirankumar S, Thomas EL, Rajasingh J. Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy. Cells 2020; 10:E54. [PMID: 33396426 PMCID: PMC7823630 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which can proliferate and replace dead cells in the body. MSCs also secrete immunomodulatory molecules, creating a regenerative microenvironment that has an excellent potential for tissue regeneration. MSCs can be easily isolated and grown in vitro for various applications. For the past two decades, MSCs have been used in research, and many assays and tests have been developed proving that MSCs are an excellent cell source for therapy. This review focusses on quality control parameters required for applications of MSCs including colony formation, surface markers, differentiation potentials, and telomere length. Further, the specific mechanisms of action of MSCs under various conditions such as trans-differentiation, cell fusion, mitochondrial transfer, and secretion of extracellular vesicles are discussed. This review aims to underline the applications and benefits of MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavardini Vasanthan
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Shivaani Kirankumar
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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23
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Caballero Aguilar LM, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, O'Connell CD, Di Bella C, Moulton SE. Formation of alginate microspheres prepared by optimized microfluidics parameters for high encapsulation of bioactive molecules. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:240-251. [PMID: 33360897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems such as microspheres have shown potential in releasing biologicals effectively for tissue engineering applications. Microfluidic systems are especially attractive for generating microspheres as they produce microspheres of controlled-size and in low volumes, using micro-emulsion processes. However, the flow rate dependency on the encapsulation of molecules at a microscale is poorly understood. In particular, the flow rate and pressure parameters might influence the droplet formation and drug encapsulation efficiency. We evaluated the parameters within a two-reagent flow focusing microfluidic chip under continuous formation of hydrogel particles using a flourinated oil and an ionic crosslinkable alginate hydrogel. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran sulfate (FITC-dextran sulfate MW: 40 kDa) was used to evaluate the variation of the encapsulation efficiency with the flow parameters, optimizing droplets and microsphere formation. The ideal flow rates allowing for maximum encapsulation efficiency, were utilised to form bioactive microspheres by delivering transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFβ-3) in cell culture media. Finally, we evaluated the potential of microfluidic-formed microspheres to be included within biological environments. The biocompatibility of the microspheres was tested over 28 days using adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The release profile of the growth factors from microspheres showed a sustained release in media, after an initial burst, up to 30 days. The metabolic activity of the cells cultured in the presence of the microspheres was similar to controls, supporting the biocompatibility of this approach. The fine-tuned parameters for alginate hydrogel to form microspheres have potential in encapsulating and preserving functional structure of bioactive agents for future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilith M Caballero Aguilar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cathal D O'Connell
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Clinical Sciences Building, 29 Regent Street, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; BioFab3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
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24
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Afflerbach AK, Kiri MD, Detinis T, Maoz BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1306. [PMID: 32927777 PMCID: PMC7565384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors-(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Afflerbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tahir Detinis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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25
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Cartilage Tissue-Mimetic Pellets with Multifunctional Magnetic Hyaluronic Acid-Graft-Amphiphilic Gelatin Microcapsules for Chondrogenic Stimulation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040785. [PMID: 32252253 PMCID: PMC7240739 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defect is a common disorder caused by sustained mechanical stress. Owing to its nature of avascular, cartilage had less reconstruction ability so there is always a need for other repair strategies. In this study, we proposed tissue-mimetic pellets composed of chondrocytes and hyaluronic acid-graft-amphiphilic gelatin microcapsules (HA-AGMCs) to serve as biomimetic chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) environments. The multifunctional HA-AGMC with specific targeting on CD44 receptors provides excellent structural stability and demonstrates high cell viability even in the center of pellets after 14 days culture. Furthermore, with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) in the microcapsule shell of HA-AGMCs, it not only showed sound cell guiding ability but also induced two physical stimulations of static magnetic field(S) and magnet-derived shear stress (MF) on chondrogenic regeneration. Cartilage tissue-specific gene expressions of Col II and SOX9 were upregulated in the present of HA-AGMC in the early stage, and HA-AGMC+MF+S held the highest chondrogenic commitments throughout the study. Additionally, cartilage tissue-mimetic pellets with magnetic stimulation can stimulate chondrogenesis and sGAG synthesis.
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26
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Eom YW, Kang SH, Kim MY, Lee JI, Baik SK. Mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:563. [PMID: 32775364 PMCID: PMC7347787 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed for stem cell therapy and can be efficiently used in regenerative medicine. To date, more than 1,000 clinical trials have used MSCs; of these, more than 80 clinical trials have targeted liver disease. MSCs migrate to damaged liver tissues, differentiate into hepatocytes, reduce liver inflammatory responses, reduce liver fibrosis, and act as antioxidants. According to the reported literature, MSCs are safe, have no side effects, and improve liver function; however, their regenerative therapeutic effects are unsatisfactory. Here, we explain, in detail, the basic therapeutic effects and recent clinical advances of MSCs. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions for improving the regenerative therapeutic effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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27
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An JH, Li FP, He P, Chen JS, Cai ZG, Liu SR, Yue CJ, Liu YL, Hou R. Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Bone Marrow of Red Pandas. ZOOLOGY 2020; 140:125775. [PMID: 32251890 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have strong therapeutic potential due to their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs can also be useful in preserving the current genetic diversity of endangered wildlife. To date, MSCs from various species have been studied, but only a few species of endangered wild animals have been reported. Adult bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSCs derived from the BM of red pandas. Red panda BM-MSCs isolated from five individuals were fibroblast-like cells, similar to other species. Cultured BM-MSCs with normal karyotype were negative for the hematopoietic line marker CD34 and the endothelial cell marker CD31 but were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD105 and CD90. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed self-renewal and pluripotency genes, including Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4, were also expressed in red panda BM-MSCs. Finally, red panda BM-MSCs had the potential for differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and neuron-like cells by using a combination of previously reported protocols for other species. We have therefore demonstrated that cells harvested from red panda bone marrow are capable of extensive in vitro multiplication and multilineage differentiation, which is an essential step toward their use in the preservation of red pandas biological diversity and future studies on MSC applications in endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui An
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Ping He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Jia-Song Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Song-Rui Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Chan-Juan Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China.
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China.
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28
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Tricot T, De Boeck J, Verfaillie C. Alternative Cell Sources for Liver Parenchyma Repopulation: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2020; 9:E566. [PMID: 32121068 PMCID: PMC7140465 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver failure is a highly prevalent medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the therapy is orthotopic liver transplantation. However, in some instances, chiefly in the setting of metabolic diseases, transplantation of individual cells, specifically functional hepatocytes, can be an acceptable alternative. The gold standard for this therapy is the use of primary human hepatocytes, isolated from livers that are not suitable for whole organ transplantations. Unfortunately, primary human hepatocytes are scarcely available, which has led to the evaluation of alternative sources of functional hepatocytes. In this review, we will compare the ability of most of these candidate alternative cell sources to engraft and repopulate the liver of preclinical animal models with the repopulation ability found with primary human hepatocytes. We will discuss the current shortcomings of the different cell types, and some of the next steps that we believe need to be taken to create alternative hepatocyte progeny capable of regenerating the failing liver.
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29
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Afshari A, Shamdani S, Uzan G, Naserian S, Azarpira N. Different approaches for transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:54. [PMID: 32033595 PMCID: PMC7007672 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the prominent role of the liver in the body and detoxification, its functionality can be affected in an irreversible manner by diseases. This phenomenon renders the liver to stop working, leading to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, liver transplantation is the only way to tackle this issue.In order to compensate for the lack of adequate healthy liver tissue for transplantation, therapeutic approaches such as hepatocyte transplantation have been proposed as an alternative. Recognizing the fact that mesenchymal stem cells are adult stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types, different methods have been invented to produce hepatocyte-like cells from mesenchymal stem cells. They can be divided into three main categories, such as addition of cytokines and growth factors, genetic modifications, and adjustment of microenvironment as well as physical parameters.In this review, we attempted to introduce diverse efficient methods for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells and their capability for transformation into hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shamdani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France.,SivanCell, Tehran, Iran.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France.,SivanCell, Tehran, Iran.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili street, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Ren J, Huang D, Li R, Wang W, Zhou C. Control of mesenchymal stem cell biology by histone modifications. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32025282 PMCID: PMC6996187 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered the most promising seed cells for regenerative medicine because of their considerable therapeutic properties and accessibility. Fine-tuning of cell biological processes, including differentiation and senescence, is essential for achievement of the expected regenerative efficacy. Researchers have recently made great advances in understanding the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics that occur during osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the intrinsic and environmental factors that affect these processes. In this context, histone modifications have been intensively studied in recent years and have already been indicated to play significant and universal roles in MSC fate determination and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the effects of histone modifications on MSC biology. Moreover, we also provide our insights and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Ren
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Delan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Runze Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Weicai Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
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31
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Pinheiro D, Dias I, Ribeiro Silva K, Stumbo AC, Thole A, Cortez E, de Carvalho L, Weiskirchen R, Carvalho S. Mechanisms Underlying Cell Therapy in Liver Fibrosis: An Overview. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111339. [PMID: 31671842 PMCID: PMC6912561 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature in most pathogenetic processes in the liver, and usually results from a chronic insult that depletes the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and activates multiple inflammatory pathways, recruiting resident and circulating immune cells, endothelial cells, non-parenchymal hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts, which become activated and lead to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. The ongoing development of liver fibrosis results in a clinically silent and progressive loss of hepatocyte function, demanding the constant need for liver transplantation in clinical practice, and motivating the search for other treatments as the chances of obtaining compatible viable livers become scarcer. Although initially cell therapy has emerged as a plausible alternative to organ transplantation, many factors still challenge the establishment of this technique as a main or even additional therapeutic tool. Herein, the authors discuss the most recent advances and point out the corners and some controversies over several protocols and models that have shown promising results as potential candidates for cell therapy for liver fibrosis, presenting the respective mechanisms proposed for liver regeneration in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Dias
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Erika Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Lais de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Simone Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Qian M, Wang X, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Yang J. Construction of multicellular aggregate by E-cadherin coated microparticles enhancing the hepatic specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:382-394. [PMID: 30660779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising candidate for cell therapy of liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the efficiency of expansion and differentiation. Previously, we engineered multicellular aggregates incorporating human E-cadherin fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs), and a significant improvement was obtained in both cellular proliferation of and cytokine secretion by hMSCs. In this study, hepatic differentiation of hMSCs was induced by a biomimetic microenvironment consisting of these engineered aggregates and a cocktail of specific cytokines. The ratio of hE-cad-PLGAs to hMSCs in engineered hMSCs aggregates was optimized to 1:3 for hepatic differentiation. The expressions of hepatic-specific markers were significantly promoted, and cell polarity and activated drug metabolism enzymes were established in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates compared with MSC and MSC/PLGA aggregates. Moreover, the expressions of stemness and definitive endoderm markers confirmed effectively induced endoderm differentiation in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates, which was consistent with the pattern of embryonic development. After pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, the biomimetic microenvironment constructed by hE-cad-PLGAs in engineered multicellular aggregates was able to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. It would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases. By optimizing with other cytokine cocktail, the engineered multicellular aggregates can be applied to the construction of other endoderm-derived organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising for cell therapy for liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the expansion and differentiation efficiency. Here, engineered multicellular aggregates were constructed by E-cadherin modified microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs) construct a biomimetic microenvironment to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, after pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, engineered multicellular aggregates with hE-cad-PLGAs would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases, and provide a promising method in the construction of other endoderm-derived organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Zhang Y, Zan Y, Chen H, Wang Z, Ni T, Liu M, Pei R. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in a Hydrogel System via Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Liver Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2444-2452. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Zan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tianyu Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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Khedr MMS, Messaoudi W, Jonnalagadda US, Abdelmotelb AM, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M, Khakoo SI, Abu Hilal M. Generation of functional hepatocyte 3D discoids in an acoustofluidic bioreactor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014112. [PMID: 30867882 PMCID: PMC6404912 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic standing wave systems have previously been used for the generation of 3D constructs for a range of cell types. In the present study, we cultured cells from the human hepatoma Huh7 cell line in a Bulk Acoustic Wave field and studied their viability, their functions, and their response to the anti-cancer drug, 5 Fluorouracil (5FU). We found that cells grown in the acoustofluidic bioreactor (AFB) expressed no reduction in viability up to 6 h of exposure compared to those cultured in a conventional 2D system. In addition, constructs created in the AFB and subsequently cultured outside of it had improved functionality including higher albumin and urea production than 2D or pellet cultures. The viability of Huh7 cells grown in the ultrasound field to 5FU anti-cancer drug was comparable to that of cells cultured in the 2D system, showing rapid diffusion into the aggregate core. We have shown that AFB formed 3D cell constructs have improved functionality over the conventional 2D monolayer and could be a promising model for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogibelrahman M. S. Khedr
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia 41111, Egypt
| | - Walid Messaoudi
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Umesh S. Jonnalagadda
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelmotelb
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta
31527, Egypt
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Martyn Hill
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Abu Hilal
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Promoting hepatogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using a novel laminin-containing gelatin cryogel scaffold. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:15-21. [PMID: 30409421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment currently available for acute and chronic liver failure. However, this approach has been restricted by complications including rejection and infection. Tissue engineering approaches using stem cell-derived functional hepatic cells offer a potential alternative. Using biologically compatible scaffolds is an important complementary key to achieve optimal construct for hepatic replacement. In the present study, to optimize the differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) toward hepatocyte-like cells, a previously described gelatin cryogel was optimized and improved by laminin, the major component of basal lamina. The ADMSCs seeded on the scaffold displayed increased attachment in the presence of laminin and the MTT assay showed good compatibility for cell proliferation. The differentiation of stem cells were evaluated using glycogen staining, urea secretion measurement, hepatocyte specific cell surface analysis and gene expression analysis. The results of tests indicated that laminin protein and gelatin cryogel 3D scaffold, each on its own, enhanced hepatogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. However, when laminin immobilized on the gelatin cryogel surface, the differentiation was promoted significantly and the resulting cells showed striking similarity to HepG2 in terms of expressing studied hepatocyte markers.
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Alfaifi M, Eom YW, Newsome PN, Baik SK. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for liver diseases. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1272-1285. [PMID: 29425678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of liver fibrosis is predominantly based on their immunosuppressive properties, and their ability to secrete various trophic factors. This potential has been investigated in clinical and preclinical studies. Although the therapeutic mechanisms of MSC transplantation are still not fully characterised, accumulating evidence has revealed that various trophic factors secreted by MSCs play key therapeutic roles in regeneration by alleviating inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis as well as stimulating angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in damaged liver. In this review, we summarise the safety, efficacy, potential transplantation routes and therapeutic effects of MSCs in patients with liver fibrosis. We also discuss some of the key strategies to enhance the functionality of MSCs, which include sorting and/or priming with factors such as cytokines, as well as genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alfaifi
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
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Therapeutic potential of Bama miniature pig adipose stem cells induced hepatocytes in a mouse model with acute liver failure. Cytotechnology 2018. [PMID: 29516261 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cellular therapy is well recognized in this work. MSCs have advantages of high proliferation, clone formation, multi-lineage differentiation and immunosuppression. Furthermore, adipose-resident MSCs (ADSCs) are extensively employed due to its advantages of abundant source, low cost and simple operation. Many researchers have emphasized the role of adipose-resident MSCs in the development of therapies for liver injury, but few attentions were paid on the use of induced functional hepatocytes. Therefore, in this work the role of adipose-resident MSCs induced functional hepatocytes was mainly investigated. The function of induced hepatocytes by ELISA and the induction rate was confirmed by flow cytometry and evaluated by experimental observations. The induced hepatocytes were firstly transplanted into CCl4-caused liver damage ICR mice by tail vein. After transplantation, both liver fibrosis and function could be improved by hepatocytes, which were examined through histology, immunofluorescence staining, serum profile and biochemical parameters levels. The production of cytokines was then compared with normal mice and injury mice to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of hepatocytes. Finally, the secretions of TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-10 in hepatocytes transplanted mice were determined and found to be higher than that of the normal and injury mice. The hepatocytes derived from ADSCs were proven to have a great significance in the therapeutic efficacy and clinical settings of liver disease animal models.
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Lee JK, Link JM, Hu JCY, Athanasiou KA. The Self-Assembling Process and Applications in Tissue Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a025668. [PMID: 28348174 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strives to create neotissues capable of restoring function. Scaffold-free technologies have emerged that can recapitulate native tissue function without the use of an exogenous scaffold. This review will survey, in particular, the self-assembling and self-organization processes as scaffold-free techniques. Characteristics and benefits of each process are described, and key examples of tissues created using these scaffold-free processes are examined to provide guidance for future tissue-engineering developments. We aim to explore the potential of self-assembly and self-organization scaffold-free approaches, detailing the recent progress in the in vitro tissue engineering of biomimetic tissues with these methods toward generating functional tissue replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jarrett M Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jerry C Y Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Strategy for constructing vascularized adipose units in poly(l-glutamic acid) hydrogel porous scaffold through inducing in-situ formation of ASCs spheroids. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:246-257. [PMID: 28093366 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is of great importance to adipose tissue regeneration. Here we introduced a paradigm that using scaffold to induce ASC spheroids, so to promote vascularized adipose tissue regeneration. Poly (l-glutamic acid) (PLGA) was activated by EDC, followed by being cross-linked by Adipic dihydrazide (ADH) to form a homogeneous hydrogel. Lyophilization was then carried out to create porous structure. The PLGA hydrogel scaffold possessed a significant swollen hydrophilic network to weaken cell-scaffold adhesion but drive ASCs to aggregate to form spheroids. Increase of seeding cell density was proved to result in the increase of spheroid size, upregulating angiogenic genes (VEGF and FGF-2) expression by enhancing the hypoxia-induced paracrine secretion. Also, the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs was achieved in spheroids in vitro. Moreover, the in vivo vascularized adipose tissue regeneration was evaluated in the dorsum of nude mice. After 12weeks post-implantation, the significant angiogenesis was found in both adipogenic induced and non-induced engineered tissue. In adipogenic induced group, the clear ring-like morphology, the large vacuole in the middle of the cell and the Oil red O staining demonstrated adipose tissue formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Vascularization is of great importance to adipose tissue regeneration. Adipose derived stem cell (ASC) spheroids possessed not only the high efficiency of vascularization, but also the improved differentiation ability. Several research works have illustrated the advantage of ASC spheroids in vascularization. However, in adipose regeneration, ASC spheroid was rarely used. Even so, it is reasonable to believe that ASC spheroids hold a great promise in vascularized adipose tissue engineering. Thus in the present study, we introduced a method to create lots of ASC spheroids that acted as lots of individual adipogenesis and angiogenesis units inside of a porous hydrogel scaffold. Then, the scaffold carrying ASC spheroids was implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to preliminarily evaluate the adipose tissue generation and blood vessel formation.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation following Partial Hepatectomy: A New Concept to Promote Liver Regeneration-Systematic Review of the Literature Focused on Experimental Studies in Rodent Models. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7567958. [PMID: 28386285 PMCID: PMC5366767 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7567958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine because they are easily accessible through minimally invasive methods and have the potential to enhance liver regeneration (LG) and improve liver function, following partial hepatectomy (PH) and acute or chronic liver injury. A systematic review of the literature was conducted for articles published up to September 1st, 2016, using the MEDLINE database. The keywords that were used in various combinations were as follows: “Mesenchymal stem cells”, “transplantation”, “stem cells”, “adipose tissue derived stem cells”, “bone marrow-derived stem cells”, “partial hepatectomy”, “acute liver failure”, “chronic liver failure”, “liver fibrosis”, “liver cirrhosis”, “rats”, “mice”, and “liver regeneration”. All introduced keywords were searched for separately in MeSH Database to control relevance and terminological accuracy and validity. A total of 41 articles were identified for potential inclusion and reviewed in detail. After a strict selection process, a total of 28 articles were excluded, leaving 13 articles to form the basis of this systematic review. MSCs transplantation promoted LG and improved liver function. Furthermore, MSCs had the ability to differentiate in hepatocyte-like cells, increase survival, and protect hepatocytes by paracrine mechanisms. MSCs transplantation may provide beneficial effects in the process of LG after PH and acute or chronic liver injury. They may represent a new therapeutic option to treat posthepatectomy acute liver failure.
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41
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Zhou X, Cui L, Zhou X, Yang Q, Wang L, Guo G, Hou Y, Cai W, Han Z, Shi Y, Han Y. Induction of hepatocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by defined microRNAs. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:881-893. [PMID: 27874233 PMCID: PMC5387126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating functional hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of great urgency for bio‐artificial liver support system (BALSS). Previously, we obtained HLCs from human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs by overexpressing seven microRNAs (HLC‐7) and characterized their liver functions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to screen out the optimal miRNA candidates for hepatic differentiation. We sequentially removed individual miRNAs from the pool and examined the effect of transfection with remainder using RT‐PCR, periodic acid—Schiff (PAS) staining and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake assays and by assessing their function in liver injury models. Surprisingly, miR‐30a and miR‐1290 were dispensable for hepatic differentiation. The remaining five miRNAs (miR‐122, miR‐148a, miR‐424, miR‐542‐5p and miR‐1246) are essential for this process, because omitting any one from the five‐miRNA combination prevented hepatic trans‐differentiation. We found that HLCs trans‐differentiated from five microRNAs (HLC‐5) expressed high level of hepatic markers and functioned similar to hepatocytes. Intravenous transplantation of HLC‐5 into nude mice with CCl4‐induced fulminant liver failure and acute liver injury not only improved serum parameters and their liver histology, but also improved survival rate of mice in severe hepatic failure. These data indicated that HLC‐5 functioned similar to HLC‐7 in vitro and in vivo, which have been shown to resemble hepatocytes. Instead of using seven‐miRNA combination, a simplified five‐miRNA combination can be used to obtain functional HLCs in only 7 days. Our study demonstrated an optimized and efficient method for generating functional MSC‐derived HLCs that may serve as an attractive cell alternative for BALSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guanya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weile Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Adeniran-Catlett AE, Beguin E, Bozal FK, Murthy SK. Suspension-based differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells toward chondrogenic lineage. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:466-475. [PMID: 26713781 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1083989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are derived from bone marrow and have the ability to differentiate into cartilage and other mesenchymal cell types found throughout the body. Traditionally, the differentiation of hMSCs toward chondrocytes occurs through a combination of pelleted static cell culture and chemical stimuli. As an alternative to these protocols, we developed an in vitro flow through microfluidic method to induce the differentiation of hMSCs into chondrocytes. Suspensions of unattached hMSCs were exposed to a constant shear flow over a period of 20 minutes, which promoted phenotypic and gene expression changes toward the chondrogenic lineage. These internal and external changes of chondrogenic differentiation were then observed over 3 weeks later in culture, as confirmed through fluorescent immunocytochemical staining and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The increased concentration of Type II collagen on the surface of shear stimulated hMSCs with the upregulation of MAPK1 and SOX9 demonstrated the capabilities of our approach to induce sustained differentiation. In conclusion, our shear stimulation method, in combination with chemical stimuli, illustrates enhanced differentiation of hMSCs toward the chondrogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estelle Beguin
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Fazli K Bozal
- c Biochemistry Program , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Shashi K Murthy
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA.,d Barnett Institute of Chemical & Biological Analysis, Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
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Vasconcellos R, Alvarenga ÉC, Parreira RC, Lima SS, Resende RR. Exploring the cell signalling in hepatocyte differentiation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1773-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Cipriano M, Freyer N, Knöspel F, Oliveira NG, Barcia R, Cruz PE, Cruz H, Castro M, Santos JM, Zeilinger K, Miranda JP. Self-assembled 3D spheroids and hollow-fibre bioreactors improve MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cell maturation in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1815-1832. [PMID: 27590069 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
3D cultures of human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) have emerged as promising models for short- and long-term maintenance of hepatocyte phenotype in vitro cultures by better resembling the in vivo environment of the liver and consequently increase the translational value of the resulting data. In this study, the first stage of hepatic differentiation of human neonatal mesenchymal stem cells (hnMSCs) was performed in 2D monolayer cultures for 17 days. The second stage was performed by either maintaining cells in 2D cultures for an extra 10 days, as control, or alternatively cultured in 3D as self-assembled spheroids or in multicompartment membrane bioreactor system. All systems enabled hnMSC differentiation into HLCs as shown by positive immune staining of hepatic markers CK-18, HNF-4α, albumin, the hepatic transporters OATP-C and MRP-2 as well as drug-metabolizing enzymes like CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Similarly, all models also displayed relevant glucose, phase I and phase II metabolism, the ability to produce albumin and to convert ammonia into urea. However, EROD activity and urea production were increased in both 3D systems. Moreover, the spheroids revealed higher bupropion conversion, whereas bioreactor showed increased albumin production and capacity to biotransform diclofenac. Additionally, diclofenac resulted in an IC50 value of 1.51 ± 0.05 and 0.98 ± 0.03 in 2D and spheroid cultures, respectively. These data suggest that the 3D models tested improved HLC maturation showing a relevant biotransformation capacity and thus provide more appropriate reliable models for mechanistic studies and more predictive systems for in vitro toxicology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Cipriano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nora Freyer
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fanny Knöspel
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Barcia
- ECBio S.A., Rua Henrique Paiva Couceiro, Nº 27, 2700-451, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Pedro E Cruz
- ECBio S.A., Rua Henrique Paiva Couceiro, Nº 27, 2700-451, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Helder Cruz
- ECBio S.A., Rua Henrique Paiva Couceiro, Nº 27, 2700-451, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Matilde Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Santos
- ECBio S.A., Rua Henrique Paiva Couceiro, Nº 27, 2700-451, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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45
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Bellotti C, Duchi S, Bevilacqua A, Lucarelli E, Piccinini F. Long term morphological characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells 3D spheroids built with a rapid method based on entry-level equipment. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2479-2490. [PMID: 27023795 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to improve a wide range of MSC features, such as multilineage potential, secretion of therapeutic factors, and resistance against hypoxic condition. Accordingly, they represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine for several biological and clinical applications. Many approaches have been proposed to generate MSC spheroids. They usually require specific generation systems, such as rotatory bioreactors or low-attachment plates, and each approach has its own disadvantages. Furthermore, an over-time analysis of morphological homogeneity and architectural stability of the spheroids generated is rarely provided. In this work we adapted the "pellet culture" method to obtain homogenous spheroids of MSC and maintain them in vitro for long term studies. We analysed their outer and inner structure over a 2-month period to provide morphological and architectural information regarding the spheroids generated. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using brightfield and confocal microscope imaging coupled to a computational analysis to estimate volume, sphericity, and jagging degree. In addition, histological evaluation was performed to more thoroughly assess the cellular composition and the internal architecture of the 3D spheroids. The results provided show that MSC spheroids generated with the proposed approach are homogeneous and stable, from both morphological and architectural points of view, for a period of at least 15 days, approximately between day 15 and day 30 after their generation. Accordingly, the approach proposed serves as a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient method to generate and maintain MSC spheroids using common entry-level laboratory equipment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellotti
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Duchi
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy.
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Liu M, Yang J, Hu W, Zhang S, Wang Y. Superior performance of co-cultured mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes in poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) scaffolds for the treatment of acute liver failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:015008. [PMID: 26836957 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cell-based therapies have attracted attention as promising treatments for acute liver failure (ALF). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential candidates for co-culture with hepatocytes in poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds to support hepatocellular function. However, the mechanism of culturing protocol using PLGA scaffolds for MSC differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells as well as the therapeutic effect of cell seeded PLGA scaffolds on ALF remain unsatisfactory in clinical application. Here, MSCs and hepatocytes were co-cultured at ratios of 1:2.5 (MSCs: Hep), 1:5 and 1:10, respectively. The proliferation abilities of these co-cultured cells were detected by CCK8, MTT, EdU and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ability of MSCs to differentiate into hepatocytes was detected by PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Therapeutic trials of cell seeded PLGA scaffolds were conducted through mouse abdominal cavity transplantation. Results showed that the 1:5 group showed significantly higher cellular proliferation than the 1:2.5 and 1:10 groups, supernatant albumin and urea nitrogen levels were also significantly higher in the 1:5 group than in other two groups. Similarly, the 1:5 group demonstrated better DNA transcription and liver-specific protein (albumin, CK18 and P450) production. Meanwhile, the GalN-stimulated levels of ALT, AST and TBil in mouse serum were down-regulated significantly more by (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold treatment than MSC-PLGA or Hep-PLGA scaffold treatments. Furthermore, the (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold-treated ALF mice showed a lower immunogenic response level than the other two groups. These data suggested that the ratio of 1:5 (MSC:Hep) co-cultures was the optimal ratio for MSCs to support hepatocellular metabolism and function in PLGA scaffolds in vitro, the (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold treatment could perform better restoration for damaged liver function and could give ALF mice a greater survival rate than the monocell seeded PLGA scaffold treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Lehmann R, Gallert C, Roddelkopf T, Junginger S, Jonitz-Heincke A, Wree A, Thurow K. Manually and automatically produced pellet cultures of human primary chondrocytes: A comparative analysis. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Lehmann
- Center for Life Science Automation (celisca); University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Carolin Gallert
- Center for Life Science Automation (celisca); University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Thomas Roddelkopf
- Center for Life Science Automation (celisca); University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | | | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory; University Medicine Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy; University Medicine Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Kerstin Thurow
- Center for Life Science Automation (celisca); University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
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48
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Alizadeh E, Eslaminejad MB, Akbarzadeh A, Sadeghi Z, Abasi M, Herizchi R, Zarghami N. Upregulation of MiR-122 via Trichostatin A Treatments in Hepatocyte-like Cells Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:296-305. [PMID: 26360933 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The miR-122 is a tissue-specific miRNA; its expression is abundant in liver. MiR-122 upregulation is crucial for differentiation, functionality, and maintenance of differentiated phenotype in hepatocytes. The improving effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on hepatic differentiation have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to determine whether TSA can affect the expression of miR-122 in hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs). The hepatic differentiation of hAT-MSCs induced by a mixture of growth factors and cytokines either with or without TSA treatments. The functionality of HLCs generated with or without TSA and the expression levels of miR-122 were studied. The expression levels of miR-122 in TSA-treated HLCs was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those generated by growth factors and cytokines, only. The downregulation of a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels but enhanced albumin synthesis (p < 0.05) and upregulation of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) HNF4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α) and HNF6 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 6) were observed in TSA-treated HLCs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, administration of TSA in hepatogenic differentiation of hAT-MSCs resulted in higher expression levels of miR-122, facilitation of differentiation, and subsequently attenuation of AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - MohamadReza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Royan Institute, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Zohre Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Mozghan Abasi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Roya Herizchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran.,The Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center (UCSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
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Yoon No D, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SH. 3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3822-37. [PMID: 26279012 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life. Although the liver has excellent regenerative and recuperative properties, damages caused by chronic liver diseases or viral infection may lead to permanent loss of liver functions. Studies of liver disease mechanism have focused on drug screening and liver tissue engineering techniques, including strategies based on in vitro models. However, conventional liver models are plagued by a number of limitations, which have motivated the development of 'liver-on-a-chip' and microplatform-based bioreactors that can provide well-defined microenvironments. Microtechnology is a promising tool for liver tissue engineering and liver system development, as it can mimic the complex in vivo microenvironment and microlevel ultrastructure, by using a small number of human cells under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. These systems provided by microtechnology allow improved liver-specific functions and can be expanded to encompass diverse 3D culture methods, which are critical for the maintenance of liver functions and recapitulation of the features of the native liver. In this review, we provide an overview of microtechnologies that have been used for liver studies, describe biomimetic technologies for constructing microscale 2D and 3D liver models as well as liver-on-a-chip systems and microscale bioreactors, and introduce applications of liver microtechnology and future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon No
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Abstract
Currently, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis is liver transplantation; however, transplantation is limited by a shortage of donor organs, surgical complications, immunological rejection, and high medical costs. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternate approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. In addition, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis and enhance liver functionality. Despite these advantages, issues remain; MSCs also have fibrogenic potential and the capacity to promote tumor cell growth and oncogenicity. This paper summarizes the properties of MSCs for regenerative medicine and their therapeutic mechanisms and clinical application in the treatment of liver fibrosis. We also present several outstanding risks, including their fibrogenic potential and their capacity to promote pre-existing tumor cell growth and oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Correspondence to Soon Koo Baik, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea Tel: +82-33-741-1223 Fax: +82-33-745-6782 E-mail:
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