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Lee SY, Koo IS, Hwang HJ, Lee DW. WITHDRAWN: In Vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture tools for spheroid and organoid models. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 29:131. [PMID: 38101575 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea; Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hwang
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ohnishi H, Zhang Z, Yurube T, Takeoka Y, Kanda Y, Tsujimoto R, Miyazaki K, Matsuo T, Ryu M, Kumagai N, Kuroshima K, Hiranaka Y, Kuroda R, Kakutani K. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108566. [PMID: 37239908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, has anti-inflammatory effects and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as obesity, inflammatory diseases, and cartilage diseases. However, the function of adiponectin in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of AdipoRon, an agonist of adiponectin receptor, on human IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, using a three-dimensional in vitro culturing system. This study also aimed to elucidate the effects of AdipoRon on rat tail IVD tissues using an in vivo puncture-induced IVD degeneration model. Analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the downregulation of gene expression of proinflammatory and catabolic factors by interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL) in human IVD NP cells treated with AdipoRon (2 μM). Furthermore, western blotting showed AdipoRon-induced suppression of p65 phosphorylation (p < 0.01) under IL-1β stimulation in the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Intradiscal administration of AdipoRon was effective in alleviating the radiologic height loss induced by annular puncture of rat tail IVD, histomorphological degeneration, production of extracellular matrix catabolic factors, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, AdipoRon could be a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating the early stage of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takeoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kanda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryu Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoya Matsuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masao Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kakutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Lee SY, Koo IS, Hwang HJ, Lee DW. In Vitro Three-dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Tools for Spheroid and Organoid Models. SLAS DISCOVERY 2023:S2472-5552(23)00028-X. [PMID: 36997090 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology has been steadily studied since the 1990's due to its superior biocompatibility compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture technology, and has recently developed into an organoid culture technology that further improved biocompatibility. Since the 3D culture of human cell lines in artificial scaffolds was demonstrated in the early 90's, 3D cell culture technology has been actively developed owing to various needs in the areas of disease research, precision medicine, new drug development, and some of these technologies have been commercialized. In particular, 3D cell culture technology is actively being applied and utilized in drug development and cancer-related precision medicine research. Drug development is a long and expensive process that involves multiple steps-from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical studies, and clinical trials for approval for clinical use. Cancer ranks first among life-threatening diseases owing to intra-tumoral heterogeneity associated with metastasis, recurrence, and treatment resistance, ultimately contributing to treatment failure and adverse prognoses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of efficient drugs using 3D cell culture techniques that can closely mimic in vivo cellular environments and customized tumor models that faithfully represent the tumor heterogeneity of individual patients. This review discusses 3D cell culture technology focusing on research trends, commercialization status, and expected effects developed until recently. We aim to summarize the great potential of 3D cell culture technology and contribute to expanding the base of this technology.
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Abaandou L, Quan D, Shiloach J. Affecting HEK293 Cell Growth and Production Performance by Modifying the Expression of Specific Genes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071667. [PMID: 34359846 PMCID: PMC8304725 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The HEK293 cell line has earned its place as a producer of biotherapeutics. In addition to its ease of growth in serum-free suspension culture and its amenability to transfection, this cell line’s most important attribute is its human origin, which makes it suitable to produce biologics intended for human use. At the present time, the growth and production properties of the HEK293 cell line are inferior to those of non-human cell lines, such as the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and the murine myeloma NSO cell lines. However, the modification of genes involved in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, glycosylation, secretion, and protein folding, in addition to bioprocess, media, and vector optimization, have greatly improved the performance of this cell line. This review provides a comprehensive summary of important achievements in HEK293 cell line engineering and on the global engineering approaches and functional genomic tools that have been employed to identify relevant genes for targeted engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abaandou
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - David Quan
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.A.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Hu T, Lo ACY. Collagen-Alginate Composite Hydrogel: Application in Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Sciences. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1852. [PMID: 34199641 PMCID: PMC8199729 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate (ALG), a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, has been extensively investigated as a biomaterial not only in tissue engineering but also for numerous biomedical sciences owing to its wide availability, good compatibility, weak cytotoxicity, low cost, and ease of gelation. Nevertheless, alginate lacks cell-binding sites, limiting long-term cell survival and viability in 3D culture. Collagen (Col), a major component protein found in the extracellular matrix (ECM), exhibits excellent biocompatibility and weak immunogenicity. Furthermore, collagen contains cell-binding motifs, which facilitate cell attachment, interaction, and spreading, consequently maintaining cell viability and promoting cell proliferation. Recently, there has been a growing body of investigations into collagen-based hydrogel trying to overcome the poor mechanical properties of collagen. In particular, collagen-alginate composite (CAC) hydrogel has attracted much attention due to its excellent biocompatibility, gelling under mild conditions, low cytotoxicity, controllable mechanic properties, wider availability as well as ease of incorporation of other biomaterials and bioactive agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of alginate and collagen. Moreover, the application of CAC hydrogel in tissue engineering and biomedical sciences is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy C. Y. Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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Cheng HW, Yuan MT, Li CW, Chan BP. Cell-derived matrices (CDM)-Methods, challenges and applications. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 156:235-258. [PMID: 32222221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and bioactive signals such as growth factors and cytokines to cells at their microenvironment or niche. Engineering the matrix niche becomes an important approach to study or manipulate cellular fate. This work presents an overview on the reconstitution of the ECM niche through a wide range of approaches ranging from coating culture dish with ECM molecules to decellularization of native tissues. In particular, we focused on reconstituting the complex ECM niche through cell-derived matrix (CDM) by reviewing the methodological approaches used in our group to derive ECM from mature cells such as chondrocytes and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), undifferentiated stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as MSCs undergoing chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, in 2D or 3D models. Specific attention has also been given to key factors that should be considered in various applications and challenges in relation to the CDM. Last but not the least, a few future perspectives and their significance have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Cheng
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - M T Yuan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C W Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - B P Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Li YY, Lam KL, Chen AD, Zhang W, Chan BP. Collagen microencapsulation recapitulates mesenchymal condensation and potentiates chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells – A matrix-driven in vitro model of early skeletogenesis. Biomaterials 2019; 213:119210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Injectable cell-encapsulating composite alginate-collagen platform with inducible termination switch for safer ocular drug delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 201:53-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lee SY, Doh I, Nam DH, Lee DW. 3D Cell-Based High-Content Screening (HCS) Using a Micropillar and Microwell Chip Platform. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8354-8361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Device (MBD) Co., Ltd, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Doh
- Center for Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
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Kim ST, Kim J, Shin S, Kim SY, Lee D, Ku B, Shin YS, Kim J, Lee J. 3-Dimensional micropillar drug screening identifies FGFR2-IIIC overexpression as a potential target in metastatic giant cell tumor. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36484-36491. [PMID: 28445128 PMCID: PMC5482670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We established two patient derived tumor cells (PDCs) from right and left pulmonary metastatic lesions respectively of a patient with giant cell tumor. At that time, patient-derived tumor cells from right and left surgical specimens were collected and cultured. High-throughput screening (HTS) for 24 drugs was conducted with a micropillar/microwell chip platform using giant cell tumor PDCs. Using 6 doses per drug in 6 replicates for giant cell tumor PDCs, the dose response curves and corresponding IC50 values were calculated from the scanned images using the S+ Chip Analyzer. A sensitive response was more significantly achieved for AZD4547 (FGFR2 inhibitor) in giant cell tumor PDCs originated from the right pulmonary nodule under the micropillar/microwell chip platform using 3D culture. This sensitivity was consistent with the target expression patterns of giant cell tumor PDCs (FGFR2-IIIC mRNA expression in giant cell tumor PDCs originated from the right pulmonary nodule was increased significantly as compared to those originated from left). However, in a conventional 2D cultured MTT assay, there was no difference for IC50 values of AZD4547 between giant cell tumor PDCs originated from right and left pulmonary nodules. An HTS platform based on 3D culture on micropillar/microwell chips and PDC models could be applied as a useful preclinical tool to evaluate the intrapatient tumor/response heterogeneity. This platform based on 3D culture might reflect far better the relation between the tumor-biology and the matched targeted agent as compared to a conventional 2D cultured MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jusun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumin Shin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Lee
- Medical and Bio Device Inc. Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Bosung Ku
- Medical and Bio Device Inc. Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Shin
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Proteomic Analysis of Nucleus Pulposus Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix Niche and Its Effect on Phenotypic Alteration of Dermal Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1512. [PMID: 29367647 PMCID: PMC5784136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstituting biomimetic matrix niche in vitro and culturing cells at the cell niche interface is necessary to understand the effect and function of the specific matrix niche. Here we attempted to reconstitute a biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) niche by culturing nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in a collagen microsphere system previously established and allowing them to remodel the template matrix. The reconstituted NPC-derived complex ECM was obtained after decellularization and the composition of such niche was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Results showed that a complex acellular matrix niche consisting of ECM proteins and cytoskeletal proteins by comparing with the template collagen matrix starting material. In order to study the significance of the NPC-derived matrix niche, dermal fibroblasts were repopulated in such niche and the phenotypes of these cells were changed, gene expression of collagen type II and CA12 increased significantly. A biomimetic NPC-derived cell niche consisting of complex ECM can be reconstituted in vitro, and repopulating such matrix niche with fibroblasts resulted in changes in phenotypic markers. This work reports a 3D in vitro model to study cell niche factors, contributing to future understanding of cellular interactions at the cell-niche interface and rationalized scaffold design for tissue engineering.
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Lee DW, Kang J, Hwang HJ, Oh MS, Shin BC, Lee MY, Kuh HJ. Pitch-tunable pillar arrays for high-throughput culture and immunohistological analysis of tumor spheroids. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4494-4502. [PMID: 35539534 PMCID: PMC9077751 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids are multicellular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models closely mimicking the microenvironments of human tumors in vivo, thereby providing enhanced predictability, clinical relevancy of drug efficacy and the mechanism of action. Conventional confocal microscopic imaging remains inappropriate for immunohistological analysis due to current technical limits in immunostaining using antibodies and imaging cells grown in 3D multicellular contexts. Preparation of microsections of these spheroids represents a best alternative, yet their sub-millimeter size and fragility make it less practical for high-throughput screening. To address these problems, we developed a pitch-tunable 5 × 5 mini-pillar array chip for culturing and sectioning tumor spheroids in a high throughput manner. Tumor spheroids were 3D cultured in an alginate matrix using a twenty-five mini-pillar array which aligns to a 96-well. At least a few tens of spheroids per pillar were cultured and as many as 25 different treatment conditions per chip were evaluated, which indicated the high throughput manner of the 5 × 5 pillar array chip. The twenty-five mini-pillars were then rearranged to a transferring pitch so that spheroid-containing gel caps from all pillars can be embedded into a specimen block. Tissue array sections were then prepared and stained for immunohistological examination. The utility of this pitch-tunable pillar array was demonstrated by evaluating drug distribution and expression levels of several proteins following drug treatment in 3D tumor spheroids. Overall, our mini-pillar array provides a novel platform that can be useful for culturing tumor spheroids as well as for immunohistological analysis in a multiplexed and high throughput manner. A pitch-tunable 5 × 5 mini-pillar array chip was developed for culturing and sectioning tumor spheroids (TSs) in a high throughput manner. TSs were cultured on the chip aligned to 96-well. TS array sections were prepared following pitch rearrangement.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Konyang University
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Medical & Bio Device
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hwang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Oh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Bio/Drug Discovery Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon 34114
- Republic of Korea
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department
- Cleveland State University
- SH 455 Cleveland
- USA
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences
- Graduate School
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Seoul 06591
- Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Biomacromolecules as carriers in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:34-50. [PMID: 29872621 PMCID: PMC5985630 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomacromolecules have attracted increased attention as carriers in biomedicine in recent years because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties including renewability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long blood circulation time and targeting ability. Recent advances in our understanding of the biological functions of natural-origin biomacromolecules and the progress in the study of biological drug carriers indicate that such carriers may have advantages over synthetic material-based carriers in terms of half-life, stability, safety and ease of manufacture. In this review, we give a brief introduction to the biochemical properties of the widely used biomacromolecule-based carriers such as albumin, lipoproteins and polysaccharides. Then examples from the clinic and in recent laboratory development are summarized. Finally the current challenges and future prospects of present biological carriers are discussed.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- ACM, aclacinomycin
- ACS, absorbable collagen sponge
- ADH, adipic dihydrazide
- ART, artemisinin
- ASF, Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- ATS, artesunate
- BCEC, brain capillary endothelial cells
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSF, Bombyx mori silk fibroin
- Biomacromolecule
- CC-HAM, core-crosslinked polymeric micelle based hyaluronic acid
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CD-NPs, amphiphilic MMA–tBA β-CD star copolymers that are capable of forming nanoparticles
- CD-g-CS, chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin
- CD/BP, cyclodextrin–bisphosphonate complexes
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- CM, collagen matrices
- CMD-ChNP, carboxylmethyl dextran chitosan nanoparticle
- DHA, dihydroartesunate
- DOXO-EMCH, (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin
- DOX–TRF, doxorubincin–transferrin conjugate
- DTX-HPLGA, HA coated PLGA nanoparticulate docetaxel
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial mesenchymal transition
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GC-DOX, glycol–chitosan–doxorubicin conjugate
- GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- GO, grapheme oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Gd, gadolinium
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HA-CA, catechol-modified hyaluronic acid
- HCF, heparin-conjugated fibrin
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HSA, human serum albumin
- IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein
- INF, interferon
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor
- LDV, leucine–aspartic acid–valine
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- MSA, mouse serum albumin
- MTX–HSA, methotrexate–albumin conjugate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OP-Gel-NS, oxidized pectin-gelatin-nanosliver
- PEC, polyelectrolyte
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Polysaccharide
- Protein
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RGD, Arg–Gly–Asp peptide
- SF, silk fibroin
- SF-CSNP, silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle
- SFNP, silk fibroin nanoparticle
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TRAIL, tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tf, transferrin
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tissue engineering
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- pDNA, plasmid DNA
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhEGF-2/HA, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor type 2 in a hyaluronic acid carrier
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Huang PJ, Chou CK, Chen CT, Yamaguchi H, Qu J, Muliana A, Hung MC, Kameoka J. Pneumatically Actuated Soft Micromold Device for Fabricating Collagen and Matrigel Microparticles. Soft Robot 2017; 4:390-399. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2016.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Anastasia Muliana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Kameoka
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Romo-Uribe A, Meneses-Acosta A, Domínguez-Díaz M. Viability of HEK 293 cells on poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesized from a mutant Azotobacter vinelandii strain. Cast film and electrospun scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:236-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lee DW, Choi YJ, Lee SY, Kim MH, Doh I, Ryu GH, Choi SM. Volumetric Analysis of 3-D-Cultured Colonies in Wet Alginate Spots Using 384-Pillar Plate. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:226-230. [PMID: 29077525 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317737698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The volumetric analysis of three-dimensional (3-D)-cultured colonies in alginate spots has been proposed to increase drug efficacy. In a previously developed pillar/well chip platform, colonies within spots are usually stained and dried for analysis of cell viability using two-dimensional (2-D) fluorescent images. Since the number of viable cells in colonies is directly related to colony volume, we proposed the 3-D analysis of colonies for high-accuracy cell viability calculation. The spots were immersed in buffer, and the 3-D volume of each colony was calculated from the 2-D stacking fluorescent images of the spot with different focal positions. In the experiments with human gastric carcinoma cells and anticancer drugs, we compared cell viability values calculated using the 2-D area and 3-D volume of colonies in the wet and dried alginate spots, respectively. The IC50 value calculated using the 3-D volume of the colonies (9.5 μM) was less than that calculated in the 2-D area analysis (121.5 μM). We observed that the colony showed a more sensitive drug response regarding volume calculated from the 3-D image reconstructed using several confocal images than regarding colony area calculated in the 2-D analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Lee
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Jun Choi
- 2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- 3 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Kim
- 4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Doh
- 5 Center for Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Ha Ryu
- 6 Office of R&D Strategy & Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Mi Choi
- 2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zeng YN, Kang YL, Rau LR, Hsu FY, Tsai SW. Construction of cell-containing, anisotropic, three-dimensional collagen fibril scaffolds using external vibration and their influence on smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045019. [PMID: 28569670 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa766d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous methods have been developed for preparing guiding channels/tracks to promote the alignment of highly oriented cell types. However, these manufacture methods cannot fabricate interconnected guiding channels within three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Providing a suitable architectural scaffold for cell attachment could lead cells to more rapidly display a desired phenotype and perform their unique functions. Previously, we developed a simple device composed of a pneumatic membrane that can generate a tunable vibration frequency to apply physical stimulation for fabricating a 3D aligned collagen fibril matrix with the characteristic D-period structure in one step. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cellular responses of thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) incorporated during the fabrication of 3D-aligned collagen fibrils with D-periods and compared these cells with those incorporated in a 3D, randomly distributed collagen matrix and in a two-dimensional (2D) aligned substrate after up to 10 days of culture. The results consistently demonstrated that A7r5 cells cultured within the 3D and 2D anisotropic matrices were aligned. Cells cultured in the 3D aligned scaffolds exhibited a higher proliferation rate as well as higher F-actin and smoothelin expression levels compared with cells cultured in 3D randomly distributed scaffolds. Together, these results indicate that a 3D-reconstituted, anisotropic collagen matrix fabricated by our process provides synergistic effects of tension stimulation and matrix stiffness on encapsulated cells and can direct A7r5 cells to transform from a synthetic phenotype into a contractile state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Nan Zeng
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
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18
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Diao HJ, Fung HS, Yeung P, Lam K, Yan CH, Chan BP. Dynamic cyclic compression modulates the chondrogenic phenotype in human chondrocytes from late stage osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Ghanizadeh Tabriz A, Mills CG, Mullins JJ, Davies JA, Shu W. Rapid Fabrication of Cell-Laden Alginate Hydrogel 3D Structures by Micro Dip-Coating. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 28286747 PMCID: PMC5323421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a simple, straightforward 3D fabrication method to culture cells in 3D, without relying on any complex fabrication methods, remains a challenge. In this paper, we describe a new technique that allows fabrication of scalable 3D cell-laden hydrogel structures easily, without complex machinery: the technique can be done using only apparatus already available in a typical cell biology laboratory. The fabrication method involves micro dip-coating of cell-laden hydrogels covering the surface of a metal bar, into the cross-linking reagents calcium chloride or barium chloride to form hollow tubular structures. This method can be used to form single layers with thickness ranging from 126 to 220 µm or multilayered tubular structures. This fabrication method uses alginate hydrogel as the primary biomaterial and a secondary biomaterial can be added depending on the desired application. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method, with survival rate over 75% immediately after fabrication and normal responsiveness of cells within these tubular structures using mouse dermal embryonic fibroblast cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells containing a tetracycline-responsive, red fluorescent protein (tHEK cells).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher G Mills
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Kulanthaivel S, Rathnam V. S. S, Agarwal T, Pradhan S, Pal K, Giri S, Maiti TK, Banerjee I. Gum tragacanth–alginate beads as proangiogenic–osteogenic cell encapsulation systems for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4177-4189. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of gum tragacanth in calcium alginate beads makes them more osteo-conductive and proangiogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Sharan Rathnam V. S.
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - Susanta Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Supratim Giri
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur
- India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
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21
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Samarasinghe SAPL, Shao Y, Huang PJ, Pishko M, Chu KH, Kameoka J. Fabrication of Bacteria Environment Cubes with Dry Lift-Off Fabrication Process for Enhanced Nitrification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165839. [PMID: 27812154 PMCID: PMC5094588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a 3D dry lift-off process to localize multiple types of nitrifying bacteria in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) cubes for enhanced nitrification, a two-step biological process that converts ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is responsible for converting ammonia into nitrite, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is responsible for converting nitrite to nitrate. Successful nitrification is often challenging to accomplish, in part because AOB and NOB are slow growers and highly susceptible to many organic and inorganic chemicals in wastewater. Most importantly, the transportation of chemicals among scattered bacteria is extremely inefficient and can be problematic. For example, nitrite, produced from ammonia oxidation, is toxic to AOB and can lead to the failure of nitrification. To address these challenges, we closely localize AOB and NOB in PEGDA cubes as microenvironment modules to promote synergetic interactions. The AOB is first localized in the vicinity of the surface of the PEGDA cubes that enable AOB to efficiently uptake ammonia from a liquid medium and convert it into nitrite. The produced nitrite is then efficiently transported to the NOB localized at the center of the PEGDA particle and converted into non-toxic nitrate. Additionally, the nanoscale PEGDA fibrous structures offer a protective environment for these strains, defending them from sudden toxic chemical shocks and immobilize in cubes. This engineered microenvironment cube significantly enhances nitrification and improves the overall ammonia removal rate per single AOB cell. This approach—encapsulation of multiple strains at close range in cube in order to control their interactions—not only offers a new strategy for enhancing nitrification, but also can be adapted to improve the production of fermentation products and biofuel, because microbial processes require synergetic reactions among multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. P. L. Samarasinghe
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yiru Shao
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Pishko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Kameoka
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wong FSY, Wong CCH, Chan BP, Lo ACY. Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159342. [PMID: 27441692 PMCID: PMC4956057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S. Y. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Calvin C. H. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbara P. Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy C. Y. Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Yeung P, Sin HS, Chan S, Chan GCF, Chan BP. Microencapsulation of Neuroblastoma Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Collagen Microspheres: A 3D Model for Cancer Cell Niche Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144139. [PMID: 26657086 PMCID: PMC4682120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend for researchers to use in vitro 3D models in cancer studies, as they can better recapitulate the complex in vivo situation. And the fact that the progression and development of tumor are closely associated to its stromal microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. The establishment of such tumor supportive niche is vital in understanding tumor progress and metastasis. The mesenchymal origin of many cells residing in the cancer niche provides the rationale to include MSCs in mimicking the niche in neuroblastoma. Here we co-encapsulate and co-culture NBCs and MSCs in a 3D in vitro model and investigate the morphology, growth kinetics and matrix remodeling in the reconstituted stromal environment. Results showed that the incorporation of MSCs in the model lead to accelerated growth of cancer cells as well as recapitulation of at least partially the tumor microenvironment in vivo. The current study therefore demonstrates the feasibility for the collagen microsphere to act as a 3D in vitro cancer model for various topics in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi Shun Sin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Huang F, Shen Q, Zhao J. Growth and differentiation of neural stem cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:313-9. [PMID: 25206671 PMCID: PMC4107534 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen protein is an ideal scaffold material for the transplantation of neural stem cells. In this study, rat neural stem cells were seeded into a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold, with suspension cultured neural stem cells being used as a control group. Neural stem cells, which were cultured in medium containing epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, actively expanded and formed neurospheres in both culture groups. In serum-free medium conditions, the processes extended from neurospheres in the collagen gel group were much longer than those in the suspension culture group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that neurospheres cultured in collagen gels were stained positive for nestin and differentiated cells were stained positive for the neuronal marker βIII-tubulin, the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and the oligodendrocytic marker 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase. Compared with neurospheres cultured in suspension, the differentiation potential of neural stem cells cultured in collagen gels increased, with the formation of neurons at an early stage. Our results show that the three-dimensional collagen gel culture system is superior to suspension culture in the proliferation, differentiation and process outgrowth of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jitong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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25
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Lin CY, Hsu SH. Fabrication of biodegradable polyurethane microspheres by a facile and green process. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:878-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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26
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Workman VL, Tezera LB, Elkington PT, Jayasinghe SN. Controlled Generation of Microspheres Incorporating Extracellular Matrix Fibrils for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:2648-2657. [PMID: 25411575 PMCID: PMC4233144 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that studying cell biology in classical two-dimensional formats, such as cell culture plasticware, results in misleading, non-physiological findings. For example, some aspects of cancer biology cannot be observed in 2D, but require 3D culture methods to recapitulate observations in vivo. Therefore, we developed a microsphere-based model to permit 3D cell culture incorporating physiological extracellular matrix components. Bio-electrospraying was chosen as it is the most advanced method to produce microspheres, with THP-1 cells as a model cell line. Bio-electrospraying parameters, such as nozzle size, polymer flow rate, and voltage, were systematically optimized to allow stable production of size controlled microspheres containing extracellular matrix material and human cells. We investigated the effect of bio-electrospraying parameters, alginate type and cell concentration on cell viability using trypan blue and propidium iodide staining. Bio-electrospraying had no effect on cell viability nor the ability of cells to proliferate. Cell viability was similarly minimally affected by encapsulation in all types of alginate tested (MVM, MVG, chemical- and food-grade). Cell density of 5 × 106 cells ml-1 within microspheres was the optimum for cell survival and proliferation. The stable generation of microspheres incorporating cells and extracellular matrix for use in a 3D cell culture will benefit study of many diverse diseases and permit investigation of cellular biology within a 3D matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Workman
- BioPhysics Group, UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering, UCL Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Elkington
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Suwan N. Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering, UCL Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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27
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Li YY, Diao HJ, Chik TK, Chow CT, An XM, Leung V, Cheung KMC, Chan BP. Delivering mesenchymal stem cells in collagen microsphere carriers to rabbit degenerative disc: reduced risk of osteophyte formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1379-91. [PMID: 24372278 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to treat early intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, during intradiscal injection, the vast majority of cells leaked out even in the presence of hydrogel carrier. Recent evidence suggests that annulus puncture is associated with cell leakage and contributes to osteophyte formation, an undesirable side effect. This suggests the significance of developing appropriate carriers for intradiscal delivery of MSCs. We previously developed a collagen microencapsulation platform, which entraps MSCs in a solid microsphere consisting of collagen nanofiber meshwork. These solid yet porous microspheres support MSC attachment, survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and matrix remodeling. Here we hypothesize that intradiscal injection of MSCs in collagen microspheres will outperform that of MSCs in saline in terms of better functional outcomes and reduced side effects. Specifically, we induced disc degeneration in rabbits and then intradiscally injected autologous MSCs, either packaged within collagen microspheres or directly suspended in saline, into different disc levels. Functional outcomes including hydration index and disc height were monitored regularly until 6 months. Upon sacrifice, the involved discs were harvested for histological, biochemical, and biomechanical evaluations. MSCs in collagen microspheres showed advantage over MSCs in saline in better maintaining the dynamic mechanical behavior but similar performance in hydration and disc height maintenance and matrix composition. More importantly, upon examination of gross appearance, radiograph, and histology of IVD, delivering MSCs in collagen microspheres significantly reduced the risk of osteophyte formation as compared to that in saline. This work demonstrates the significance of using cell carriers during intradiscal injection of MSCs in treating disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Yin Li
- 1 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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28
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Lee DW, Choi YS, Seo YJ, Lee MY, Jeon SY, Ku B, Kim S, Yi SH, Nam DH. High-throughput screening (HTS) of anticancer drug efficacy on a micropillar/microwell chip platform. Anal Chem 2013; 86:535-42. [PMID: 24199994 DOI: 10.1021/ac402546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary cancer therapy refers to treatment based on genetic abnormalities found in patient's tumor. However, this approach is faced with numerous challenges, including tumor heterogeneity and molecular evolution, insufficient tumor samples available along with genetic information linking to clinical outcomes, lack of therapeutic drugs containing pharmacogenomic information, and technical limitations of rapid drug efficacy tests with insufficient quantities of primary cancer cells from patients. To address these problems and improve clinical outcomes of current personalized gene-targeted cancer therapy, we have developed a micropillar/microwell chip platform, which is ideally suited for encapsulating primary cancer cells in nanoscale spots of hydrogels on the chip, generating efficacy data with various drugs, eventually allowing for a comparison of the in vitro data obtained from the chip with clinical data as well as gene expression data. As a proof of concept in this study, we have encapsulated a U251 brain cancer cell line and three primary brain cancer cells from patients (448T, 464T, and 775T) in 30 nL droplets of alginate and then tested the therapeutic efficacy of 24 anticancer drugs by measuring their dose responses. As a result, the IC50 values of 24 anticancer drugs obtained from the brain cancer cells clearly showed patient cell-specific efficacy, some of which were well-correlated with their oncogene overexpression (c-Met and FGFR1) as well as the in vivo previous results of the mouse xenograft model with the three primary brain cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Lee
- Central R & D Institute, Samsung Electro-mechanics Company, Ltd. , 314, Maetan 3-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, 443-743 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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29
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Thumsing S, Israsena N, Boonkrai C, Supaphol P. Preparation of bioactive glycosylated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor-loaded microspheres for medical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saowapa Thumsing
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chatikorn Boonkrai
- The Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Neuroscience of Headache Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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30
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Smith GA, Snyder EY. Two cells are better than one: optimizing stem cell survival by co-grafting "helper" cells that offer regulated trophic support. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:751-4. [PMID: 23856435 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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31
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Diao HJ, Yeung CW, Yan CH, Chan GCF, Chan BP. Bidirectional and mutually beneficial interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoarthritic chondrocytes in micromass co-cultures. Regen Med 2013; 8:257-69. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy presents a promising approach for treating osteoarthritis (OA). However, the molecular interactions between MSCs and OA chondrocytes (OACs) are not known. This study aims to investigate the bidirectional interactions between human MSCs (hMSCs) and human OACs (hOACs) in a 3D co-culture system. Materials & methods: hMSC–collagen microspheres were cultured in hOAC-conditioned medium or co-cultured with hOAC–collagen microspheres. Growth characteristics, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, gene expression of major OA-associated chondrogenic markers, including SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN and MMP13, were investigated in both cell types. Results: Both the conditioned medium and the co-culture induced MSC chondrogenesis with enhanced GAG production, SOX9 gene and protein expression, and gene expression of ACAN and COL2A1. Meanwhile, the co-culture also induced hOACs to partially resume the lost chondrogenic phenotype as shown by reduced proliferation, enhanced GAG production when hMSCs were chondrogenically predifferentiated, and reduced MMP13 gene expression. Conclusion: This work suggests that 3D co-culture of hMSCs and hOACs is mutually beneficial to each other, suggesting the potential therapeutic effect of delivering hMSC in scaffolds directly to OA defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jia Diao
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chui Wai Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey CF Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara P Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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32
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Wang M, Ma L, Li D, Jiang P, Gao C. Preparation of polycaprolactone microspheres-aggregated scaffold with ultra big pores and fuzzy sphere surface by a one-step phase separation method. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3219-27. [PMID: 23554334 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A microspheres-aggregated scaffold with ultra big pores (over 300 μm) and fuzzy microspheres is fabricated by incubating polycaprolactone (PCL)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in a -20°C refrigerator, following by freeze-drying. Formation of the scaffold is mainly governed by the crystallization of the PCL polymer at appropriate conditions. All the 10-20% PCL/THF solutions yield the microspheres-aggregated scaffolds when the initial solution temperature is higher than 37°C, whereas the 10-15% solutions form dense membranes when the initial solution temperature is below 25°C. The size of the microspheres and pores is as large as 70-150 μm and 170-816 μm, respectively. The PCL microspheres-aggregated scaffold can better support the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) compared to the traditional porous scaffold obtained by a porogen leaching method. The tendencies of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis differentiation of BMSCs are observed on the microspheres-aggregated scaffold and the ordinary porous scaffold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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33
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Yuan M, Yeung CW, Li YY, Diao H, Cheung KMC, Chan D, Cheah K, Chan PB. Effects of nucleus pulposus cell-derived acellular matrix on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3948-3961. [PMID: 23465833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent attempts to treat disc degeneration with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed encouraging results. Differentiating MSCs towards nucleus pulposus cell (NPC)-like lineages represents a speculative mechanism. Niche factors including hypoxia, growth factors and cell-cell interactions have been suggested but the matrix niche factor has not been studied. Our collagen microencapsulation provides a 3D model to study matrix niche as it enables the encapsulated cells to remodel the template matrix. We previously demonstrated the chondro-inductive role of of chondrocytes-derived matrix in MSCs and showed that NPCs maintained their phenotype and remodeled the template matrix of collagen microspheres into a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich one. Here we aim to study the effects of NPC-derived matrix on MSC differentiation towards NPC-like lineages by firstly producing an NPC-derived matrix in collagen microspheres, secondly optimizing a decellularization protocol to discard NPCs yet retaining the matrix, thirdly repopulating the acellular NPC-derived matrix with MSCs and fourthly evaluating their phenotype. Finally, we injected these microspheres in a pilot rabbit disc degeneration model. Results showed that NPCs survived, maintained their phenotypic markers and produced GAGs. A decellularization protocol with maximal removal of the NPCs, minimal loss in major matrix components and partial retention of NPC-specific markers was identified. The resulting acellular matrix supported MSC survival and matrix production, and up-regulated the gene expression of NPC markers including type II collagen and glypican 3. Finally, injection of MSC in these microspheres in rabbit degenerative disc better maintained hydration level with more pronounced staining of GAGs and type II collagen than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Yuan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chiu Wai Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuk Yin Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Huajia Diao
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K M C Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K Cheah
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pui Barbara Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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34
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Hong S, Hsu HJ, Kaunas R, Kameoka J. Collagen microsphere production on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3277-80. [PMID: 22824954 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an integrated microfluidic material processing chip and demonstrated the rapid production of collagen microspheres encapsulating cells with high uniformity and cell viability. The chip integrated three material processing steps. Monodisperse microdroplets were generated at a microfluidic T junction between aqueous and mineral oil flows. The flow was heated immediately to 37 °C to initiate collagen fiber assembly within a gelation channel. Gelled microspheres were extracted from the mineral oil phase into cell culture media within an extraction chamber. Collagen gelation immediately after microdroplet generation significantly reduced coalescence among microdroplets that led to non-uniform microsphere production. The microfluidic extraction approach led to higher microsphere recovery and cell viability than when a conventional centrifugation extraction approach was employed. These results indicate that chip-based material processing is a promising approach for cell-ECM microenvironment generation for applications such as tissue engineering and stem cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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35
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Simpson DL, Dudley SC. Modulation of human mesenchymal stem cell function in a three-dimensional matrix promotes attenuation of adverse remodelling after myocardial infarction. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:192-202. [PMID: 22095744 DOI: 10.1002/term.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of tissue engineering (TE) practices for cell delivery offers a unique approach to cellular cardiomyoplasty. We hypothesized that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) applied to the heart in a collagen matrix would outperform the same cells grown in a monolayer and directly injected for cardiac cell replacement after myocardial infarction in a rat model. When hMSC patches were transplanted to infarcted hearts, several measures for left ventricle (LV) remodelling and function were improved, including fractional area change, wall thickness, -dP/dt and LV end-diastolic pressure. Neovessel formation throughout the LV infarct wall after hMSC patch treatment increased by 37% when compared to direct injection of hMSCs. This observation was correlated with increased secretion of angiogenic factors, with accompanying evidence that these factors enhanced vessel formation (30% increase) and endothelial cell growth (48% increase) in vitro. These observations may explain the in vivo observations of increased vessel formation and improved cardiac function with patch-mediated cell delivery. Although culture of hMSC in collagen patches enhanced angiogenic responses, there was no effect on cell potency or viability. Therefore, hMSCs delivered as a cardiac patch showed benefits above those derived from monolayers and directly injected. hMSCs cultured and delivered within TE constructs may represent a good option to maximize the effects of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
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36
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Yuan M, Leong KW, Chan BP. Three-dimensional culture of rabbit nucleus pulposus cells in collagen microspheres. Spine J 2011; 11:947-60. [PMID: 21843975 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative disc disease poses an increasing threat to our quality of life as we age. Existing treatments have limitations. New treatment modalities focusing on biologic rather than surgical approach would be appealing. PURPOSE Culturing intervertebral disc cells in a three-dimensional (3D) model that can retain cellular characteristics and phenotype is a critical step toward understanding how the disc cells respond to and interact with extrinsic signals before better therapeutics can be derived. STUDY DESIGN In this work, we studied the culture of rabbit nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in a collagen microsphere system and compared their cell morphology and expression of a few potential phenotypic markers with that in monolayer culture. METHODS Specifically, rabbit NP cells isolated from both young and old animals were encapsulated and cultured in collagen microspheres with different monomeric concentrations and with different cell encapsulation density for different period of time. Evaluation on the growth kinetics, the viability, the cell morphology, the expression of Types I and II collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and Keratin 19, and the ultrastructure of the fiber meshwork were conducted to compare the microsphere 3D culture system and the traditional monolayer cultures. RESULTS Nucleus pulposus cells in two-dimensional culture lost the phenotypic expression of Type II collagen and keratin 19 and expressed Type I collagen. In contrast, the 3D collagen microsphere culture system consistently outperformed the traditional monolayer culture in maintaining a round morphology and preserving the phenotypes of NP cells with persistent expression of Type II collagen and Keratin 19. These cells also remodeled the template collagen matrix in the microspheres by depositing new matrices, including collagen Type II and GAGs in a cell seeding density and collagen concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the appeal of the 3D collagen microsphere system for NP cell culture over traditional monolayer culture because it preserves the phenotypic characteristics of NP cells. This system also enables the NP cells to remodel the template collagen matrix by depositing new matrices, suggesting an innovative way to reconstitute cell-specific and native tissue-like environment in vitro for future studies on stem cell matrix niche and interactions of NP cell with extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Yuan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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37
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Wen Y, Yang ST. Microfibrous carriers for cell culture: A comparative study. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1126-36. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Li CH, Chik TK, Ngan AHW, Chan SCH, Shum DKY, Chan BP. Correlation between compositional and mechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cell-collagen microspheres during chondrogenic differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:777-88. [PMID: 20964578 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based engineering is promising for cartilage repair. However, the compositional mechanical relationship of the engineered structures has not been extensively studied, given the importance of such relationship in native cartilage tissues. In this study, a novel human MSC-collagen microsphere system was used to study the compositional mechanical relationship during in vitro chondrogenic differentiation using histological and biochemical methods and a microplate compression assay. The mechanical property was found positively correlating with newly deposited cartilage-relevant matrices, glycosaminoglycan, and type II collagen, and with the collagen crosslinker density, in agreement with the presence of thick collagen bundles upon structural characterization. On the other hand, the mechanical property negatively correlates with type I collagen and total collagen, suggesting that the initial collagen matrix scaffold of the microsphere system was being remodeled by the differentiating human MSCs. This study also demonstrated the application of a simple, sensitive, and nondestructive tool for monitoring the progression of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in tissue-engineered constructs and therefore contributes to future development of novel cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-hei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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39
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Au-Yeung KL, Sze KY, Sham MH, Chan BP. Development of a micromanipulator-based loading device for mechanoregulation study of human mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional collagen constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:93-107. [PMID: 19368498 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical signal is important for regulating cellular activities, including proliferation, metabolism, matrix production, and orientation. Bioreactors with loading functions can be used to precondition cells in three-dimensional (3D) constructs so as to study the cellular responses to mechanical stimulation. However, full-scale bioreactor is not always an affordable option considering the high cost of equipment and the liter-sized medium with serum and growth factor supplements. In this study, a custom-built loading system was developed by coupling a conventional camera-equipped inverted research microscope with two micromanipulators. The system was programmed to deliver either cyclic compressive loading with different frequencies or static compressive loading for 1 week to investigate the cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) entrapped in a 3D construct consists of reconstituted collagen fibers. Cellular properties, including their alignment, cytoskeleton, and cell metabolism, and properties of matrix molecules, such as collagen fiber alignment and glycosaminoglycan deposition, were evaluated. Using a MatLab-based image analysis program, reorientation of the entrapped cells from a random distribution to a preferred alignment along the loading direction in constructs with both static and cyclic compression has been demonstrated, but no such alignment was found in the free-floating controls. Fluorescent staining on filamentous actin cytoskeleton also confirmed the finding. Nevertheless, the collagen fiber meshwork entrapping the hMSCs remained randomly distributed, and no change in cellular metabolism and glycosaminoglycans production was noted. The current study provides a simple and affordable option toward setting up a mechanoregulation facility based on existing laboratory equipment and sheds new insights on the effect of mechanical loading on the alignment of hMSCs in 3D collagen constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Lok Au-Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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40
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Drug carrier systems based on collagen–alginate composite structures for improving the performance of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells. Biomaterials 2009; 30:1214-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Chan BP, Leong KW. Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2008; 17 Suppl 4:467-79. [PMID: 19005702 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds represent important components for tissue engineering. However, researchers often encounter an enormous variety of choices when selecting scaffolds for tissue engineering. This paper aims to review the functions of scaffolds and the major scaffolding approaches as important guidelines for selecting scaffolds and discuss the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding, using intervertebral disc as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Chan
- Medical Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Room 711, Haking Wong Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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42
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43
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Weng L, Ivanova ND, Zakhaleva J, Chen W. In vitro and in vivo suppression of cellular activity by guanidinoethyl disulfide released from hydrogel microspheres composed of partially oxidized hyaluronan and gelatin. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4149-56. [PMID: 18678403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of oxidized hyaluronan crosslinked gelatin microspheres for drug delivery. Microspheres were prepared by a modified water-in-oil-emulsion crosslinking method, where three-dimensional crosslinked hydrogel microspheres formed in the absence of any extraneous crosslinker. SEM analyses of the microspheres showed rough surfaces in their dried state with an average diameter of 90 microm. Lyophilization of fully swollen microspheres revealed a highly porous structure. Guanidinoethyl disulfide (GED) was used as a model drug for incorporation into the microspheres; encapsulation of GED was confirmed by HPLC. There was an inverse correlation between the diameters of the microspheres with their GED loading. Macrophage was used as a model cell to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of GED release from the microspheres. The in vivo efficacy of the microspheres was further validated in a mouse full-thickness transcutaneous dermal wound model through suppression of cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, T18-030 Health Sciences Center, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA
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44
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Chan OCM, So KF, Chan BP. Fabrication of nano-fibrous collagen microspheres for protein delivery and effects of photochemical crosslinking on release kinetics. J Control Release 2008; 129:135-43. [PMID: 18514352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein compatibility is important for protein drug delivery using microsphere-based devices. Collagen has excellent protein compatibility but has poor mechanical stability for microsphere fabrication and open meshwork for controlled release. In this study, a protein-compatible fabrication method for injectable collagen microspheres has been developed. The surface morphology, interior microstructure and protein release characteristics of collagen microspheres were investigated. Moreover, effects of photochemical crosslinking on these characteristics were also studied. Finally, the mechanisms governing the protein release and the retention of protein bioactivity were studied. Stable and injectable collagen microspheres consisting of nano-fibrous meshwork were successfully fabricated under ambient conditions in an organic solvent and crosslinking reagent-free manner. These microspheres have open meshwork and showed large initial burst and rapid release of proteins. Photochemical crosslinking significantly reduced the initial burst effect and controlled the protein release in a photosensitizer dose-dependent manner without significantly altering the mesh size. We further demonstrated that there was significantly higher protein retention within the photochemically crosslinked collagen microspheres as compared with the uncrosslinked, suggesting a secondary retention mechanism. Lastly, both surfactant treatment and photochemical crosslinking did not compromise the bioactivity of the encapsulated proteins. In summary, this study reports a novel collagen microsphere-based protein delivery system and demonstrates the possibility to use photochemical crosslinking as the secondary retention mechanism for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C M Chan
- Medical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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