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Tscheuschner L, Tzafriri AR. Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Models for Atherosclerosis Treatment Development. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1373. [PMID: 38135964 PMCID: PMC10740643 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early years of tissue engineering, scientists focused on the generation of healthy-like tissues and organs to replace diseased tissue areas with the aim of filling the gap between organ demands and actual organ donations. Over time, the realization has set in that there is an additional large unmet need for suitable disease models to study their progression and to test and refine different treatment approaches. Increasingly, researchers have turned to tissue engineering to address this need for controllable translational disease models. We review existing and potential uses of tissue-engineered disease models in cardiovascular research and suggest guidelines for generating adequate disease models, aimed both at studying disease progression mechanisms and supporting the development of dedicated drug-delivery therapies. This involves the discussion of different requirements for disease models to test drugs, nanoparticles, and drug-eluting devices. In addition to realistic cellular composition, the different mechanical and structural properties that are needed to simulate pathological reality are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Tscheuschner
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham R. Tzafriri
- Department of Research and Innovation, CBSET Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA;
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2
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West-Livingston L, Lim JW, Lee SJ. Translational tissue-engineered vascular grafts: From bench to bedside. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122322. [PMID: 37713761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a primary cause of mortality worldwide, and patients often require bypass surgery that utilizes autologous vessels as conduits. However, the limited availability of suitable vessels and the risk of failure and complications have driven the need for alternative solutions. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) offer a promising solution to these challenges. TEVGs are artificial vascular grafts made of biomaterials and/or vascular cells that can mimic the structure and function of natural blood vessels. The ideal TEVG should possess biocompatibility, biomechanical mechanical properties, and durability for long-term success in vivo. Achieving these characteristics requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving material science, engineering, biology, and clinical translation. Recent advancements in scaffold fabrication have led to the development of TEVGs with improved functional and biomechanical properties. Innovative techniques such as electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, and multi-part microfluidic channel systems have allowed the creation of intricate and customized tubular scaffolds. Nevertheless, multiple obstacles must be overcome to apply these innovations effectively in clinical practice, including the need for standardized preclinical models and cost-effective and scalable manufacturing methods. This review highlights the fundamental approaches required to successfully fabricate functional vascular grafts and the necessary translational methodologies to advance their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren West-Livingston
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27712, USA
| | - Jae Woong Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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3
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Li S, Yang L, Zhao Z, Wang J, Lv H, Yang X. Fabrication of mechanical skeleton of small-diameter vascular grafts via rolling on water surface. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36731137 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb89a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the multilayered structure of blood vessels and constructing a porous inner surface are two effective approaches to achieve mechanical matching and rapid endothelialization to reduce occlusion in small-diameter vascular grafts. However, the fabrication processes are complex and time consuming, thus complicating the fabrication of personalized vascular grafts. A simple and versatile strategy is proposed to prepare the skeleton of vascular grafts by rolling self-adhesive polymer films. These polymer films are directly fabricated by dropping a polymer solution on a water surface. For the tubes, the length and wall thickness are controlled by the rolling number and position of each film, whereas the structure and properties are tailored by regulating the solution composition. Double-layer vascular grafts (DLVGs) with microporous inner layers and impermeable outer layers are constructed; a microporous layer is formed by introducing a hydrophilic polymer into a polyurethane (PU) solution. DLVGs exhibit a J-shaped stress-strain deformation profile and compliance comparable to that of coronary arteries, sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure, suitable hemocompatibility, significant adhesion, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Freshly prepared PU tubes exhibit good cytocompatibility. Thus, this strategy demonstrates potential for rapid construction of small-diameter vascular grafts for individual customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Huangpu Institute of Advanced Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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4
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Saunders SK, Cole SY, Acuna Sierra V, Bracamonte JH, Toldo S, Soares JS. Evaluation of perfusion-driven cell seeding of small diameter engineered tissue vascular grafts with a custom-designed seed-and-culture bioreactor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269499. [PMID: 35709083 PMCID: PMC9202848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering commonly entails combining autologous cell sources with biocompatible scaffolds for the replacement of damaged tissues in the body. Scaffolds provide functional support while also providing an ideal environment for the growth of new tissues until host integration is complete. To expedite tissue development, cells need to be distributed evenly within the scaffold. For scaffolds with a small diameter tubular geometry, like those used for vascular tissue engineering, seeding cells evenly along the luminal surface can be especially challenging. Perfusion-based cell seeding methods have been shown to promote increased uniformity in initial cell distribution onto porous scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications. We investigate the seeding efficiency of a custom-designed perfusion-based seed-and-culture bioreactor through comparisons to a static injection counterpart method and a more traditional drip seeding method. Murine vascular smooth muscle cells were seeded onto porous tubular electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds, 2 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length, using the three methods, and allowed to rest for 24 hours. Once harvested, scaffolds were evaluated longitudinally and circumferentially to assess the presence of viable cells using alamarBlue and live/dead cell assays and their distribution with immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. On average, bioreactor-mediated perfusion seeding achieved 35% more luminal surface coverage when compared to static methods. Viability assessment demonstrated that the total number of viable cells achieved across methods was comparable with slight advantage to the bioreactor-mediated perfusion-seeding method. The method described is a simple, low-cost method to consistently obtain even distribution of seeded cells onto the luminal surfaces of small diameter tubular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Saunders
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sam Y. Cole
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Valeria Acuna Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Johane H. Bracamonte
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joao S. Soares
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lorentz KL, Gupta P, Shehabeldin MS, Cunnane EM, Ramaswamy AK, Verdelis K, DiLeo MV, Little SR, Weinbaum JS, Sfeir CS, Mandal BB, Vorp DA. CCL2 loaded microparticles promote acute patency in silk-based vascular grafts implanted in rat aortae. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:126-138. [PMID: 34496284 PMCID: PMC8595801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, often associated with coronary artery occlusion. A common intervention for arterial blockage utilizes a vascular graft to bypass the diseased artery and restore downstream blood flow; however, current clinical options exhibit high long-term failure rates. Our goal was to develop an off-the-shelf tissue-engineered vascular graft capable of delivering a biological payload based on the monocyte recruitment factor C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) to induce remodeling. Bi-layered silk scaffolds consisting of an inner porous and outer electrospun layer were fabricated using a custom blend of Antherea Assama and Bombyx Mori silk (lyogel). Lyogel silk scaffolds alone (LG), and lyogel silk scaffolds containing microparticles (LGMP) were tested. The microparticles (MPs) were loaded with either CCL2 (LGMP+) or water (LGMP-). Scaffolds were implanted as abdominal aortic interposition grafts in Lewis rats for 1 and 8 weeks. 1-week implants exhibited patency rates of 50% (7/14), 100% (10/10), and 100% (5/5) in the LGMP-, LGMP+, and LG groups, respectively. The significantly higher patency rate for the LGMP+ group compared to the LGMP- group (p = 0.0188) suggests that CCL2 can prevent acute occlusion. Immunostaining of the explants revealed a significantly higher density of macrophages (CD68+ cells) within the outer vs. inner layer of LGMP- and LGMP+ constructs but not in LG constructs. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences in patency rates between groups. All patent scaffolds at 8 weeks showed signs of remodeling; however, stenosis was observed within the majority of explants. This study demonstrated the successful fabrication of a custom blended silk scaffold functionalized with cell-mimicking microparticles to facilitate controlled delivery of a biological payload improving their in vivo performance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study outlines the development of a custom blended silk-based tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) for use in arterial bypass or replacement surgery. A custom mixture of silk was formulated to improve biocompatibility and cellular binding to the tubular scaffold. Many current approaches to TEVGs include cells that encourage graft cellularization and remodeling; however, our technology incorporates a microparticle based delivery platform capable of delivering bioactive molecules that can mimic the function of seeded cells. In this study, we load the TEVGs with microparticles containing a monocyte attractant and demonstrate improved performance in terms of unobstructed blood flow versus blank microparticles. The acellular nature of this technology potentially reduces risk, increases reproducibility, and results in a more cost-effective graft when compared to cell-based options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Lorentz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Prerak Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mostafa S Shehabeldin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eoghan M Cunnane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Konstantinos Verdelis
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Morgan V DiLeo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles S Sfeir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India; School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Inoue T, Kanda K, Yamanami M, Kami D, Gojo S, Yaku H. Effects of Short-Duration Ethanol Dehydration on Mechanical Properties of Porcine Pericardium. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 27:169-175. [PMID: 33071245 PMCID: PMC8343029 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.20-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Autologous pericardium is an ideal material for cardiovascular reconstruction including pulmonary artery plasty. Despite the fact that dehydration by ethanol has been used to improve its surgical handling, the effects of the ethanol on mechanical properties of the pericardium have not been previously investigated. The effects of short-duration ethanol dehydration on the mechanical properties of porcine pericardium were evaluated. Methods: Porcine pericardia (n = 3) were separated into three groups: the raw group with no treatments (RAW), the group immersed in 70% ethanol for 10 min (ET group), and the group immersed in 0.6% glutaraldehyde for 10 min (GA). We measured five parameters of mechanical properties as specified in ISO 7198. Results: ET treatment improved surgical handling as well as GA treatment. There were no significant differences in burst pressure (P = 0.639), suture retention strength (P = 0.529), ultimate tensile strength (UTS; P = 0.486), or Young’s modulus (P = 0.408). Only the ultimate strain of the GA group was significantly higher among the three groups (RAW: 33.34% ± 2.02%, ET: 37.48% ± 1.84%, GA: 44.74% ± 2.87%; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Short-duration ethanol dehydration did not compromise its mechanical properties while maintaining its surgical handling improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamanami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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Inoue T, Kanda K, Yamanami M, Kami D, Gojo S, Yaku H. Modifications of the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts by chemical treatments for a short duration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248346. [PMID: 33711057 PMCID: PMC7954299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts constructed in the subcutaneous spaces of graft recipients have functioned well clinically. Because the formation of vascular graft tissues depends on several recipient conditions, chemical pretreatments, such as dehydration by ethanol (ET) or crosslinking by glutaraldehyde (GA), have been attempted to improve the initial mechanical durability of the tissues. Here, we compared the effects of short-duration (10 min) chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of tissues. Tubular tissues (internal diameter, 5 mm) constructed in the subcutaneous tissues of beagle dogs (4 weeks, n = 3), were classified into three groups: raw tissue without any treatment (RAW), tissue dehydrated with 70% ET (ET), and tissue crosslinked with 0.6% GA (GA). Five mechanical parameters were measured: burst pressure, suture retention strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ultimate strain (%), and Young’s modulus. The tissues were also autologously re-embedded into the subcutaneous spaces of the same dogs for 4 weeks (n = 2) for the evaluation of histological responses. The burst pressure of the RAW group (1275.9 ± 254.0 mm Hg) was significantly lower than those of ET (2115.1 ± 262.2 mm Hg, p = 0.0298) and GA (2570.5 ± 282.6 mm Hg, p = 0.0017) groups. Suture retention strength, UTS or the ultimate strain did not differ significantly among the groups. Young’s modulus of the ET group was the highest (RAW: 5.41 ± 1.16 MPa, ET: 12.28 ± 2.55 MPa, GA: 7.65 ± 1.18 MPa, p = 0.0185). No significant inflammatory tissue response or evidence of residual chemical toxicity was observed in samples implanted subcutaneously for four weeks. Therefore, short-duration ET and GA treatment might improve surgical handling and the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular tissues to produce ideal grafts in terms of mechanical properties without interfering with histological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masashi Yamanami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Dorati R, Pisani S, Chiesa E, Genta I, Bruni G, Modena T, Conti B. Electrospun tubular vascular grafts to replace damaged peripheral arteries: A preliminary formulation study. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120198. [PMID: 33540017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric tubular vascular grafts represent a likely alternative to autologous vascular grafts for treating peripheral artery occlusive disease. This preliminary research study applied cutting-edge electrospinning technique for manufacturing prototypes with diameter ≤ 6 mm and based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polycaprolactone, polylactide-co-glycolide and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate combined in different design approaches (layering and blending). Samples were characterized about fiber morphology, diameter, size distribution, porosity, fluid uptake capability, and mechanical properties. Biocompatibility and cell interaction were evaluated by in vitro test. Goal of this preliminary study was to discriminate among the prototypes and select which composition and design approach could better suit tissue regeneration purposes. Results showed that electrospinning technique is suitable to obtain grafts with a diameter < 6 mm and thickness between 140 ± 7-175 ± 4 μm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed fibers with suitable micrometric diameters and pore size between 5 and 35 μm. polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate provided high hydrophilicity (≃ 100°) and optimal cell short term proliferation (cell viability ≃ 160%) in accordance with maximum fluid uptake ability (300-350%). Moreover, addition of polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate lowered suture retention strength at value < 1 N. Prototypes obtaining combining polylactide-co-glycolide and polylactide-coglycolide/ polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate with polylactide-polycaprolactone in a bilayered structure showed optimal mechanical behavior resembling native bovine vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico (PTS), Via Taramelli 20, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico (PTS), Via Taramelli 20, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico (PTS), Via Taramelli 20, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico (PTS), Via Taramelli 20, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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9
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Boys AJ, Barron SL, Tilev D, Owens RM. Building Scaffolds for Tubular Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589960. [PMID: 33363127 PMCID: PMC7758256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow organs and tissue systems drive various functions in the body. Many of these hollow or tubular systems, such as vasculature, the intestines, and the trachea, are common targets for tissue engineering, given their relevance to numerous diseases and body functions. As the field of tissue engineering has developed, numerous benchtop models have been produced as platforms for basic science and drug testing. Production of tubular scaffolds for different tissue engineering applications possesses many commonalities, such as the necessity for producing an intact tubular opening and for formation of semi-permeable epithelia or endothelia. As such, the field has converged on a series of manufacturing techniques for producing these structures. In this review, we discuss some of the most common tissue engineered applications within the context of tubular tissues and the methods by which these structures can be produced. We provide an overview of the general structure and anatomy for these tissue systems along with a series of general design criteria for tubular tissue engineering. We categorize methods for manufacturing tubular scaffolds as follows: casting, electrospinning, rolling, 3D printing, and decellularization. We discuss state-of-the-art models within the context of vascular, intestinal, and tracheal tissue engineering. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future for these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Cunnane EM, Lorentz KL, Soletti L, Ramaswamy AK, Chung TK, Haskett DG, Luketich SK, Tzeng E, D'Amore A, Wagner WR, Weinbaum JS, Vorp DA. Development of a Semi-Automated, Bulk Seeding Device for Large Animal Model Implantation of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597847. [PMID: 33195168 PMCID: PMC7644804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering is a field of regenerative medicine that restores tissue function to defective sections of the vascular network by bypass or replacement with a tubular, engineered graft. The tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) is comprised of a biodegradable scaffold, often combined with cells to prevent acute thrombosis and initiate scaffold remodeling. Cells are most effectively incorporated into scaffolds using bulk seeding techniques. While our group has been successful in uniform, rapid, bulk cell seeding of scaffolds for TEVG testing in small animals using our well-validated rotational vacuum technology, this approach was not directly translatable to large scaffolds, such as those required for large animal testing or human implants. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a semi-automated cell seeding device that allows for uniform, rapid, bulk seeding of large scaffolds for the fabrication of TEVGs appropriately sized for testing in large animals and eventual translation to humans. Validation of our device revealed successful seeding of cells throughout the length of our tubular scaffolds with homogenous longitudinal and circumferential cell distribution. To demonstrate the utility of this device, we implanted a cell seeded scaffold as a carotid interposition graft in a sheep model for 10 weeks. Graft remodeling was demonstrated upon explant analysis using histological staining and mechanical characterization. We conclude from this work that our semi-automated, rotational vacuum seeding device can successfully seed porous tubular scaffolds suitable for implantation in large animals and provides a platform that can be readily adapted for eventual human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan M Cunnane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine L Lorentz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Soletti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy K Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Darren G Haskett
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel K Luketich
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edith Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Antonio D'Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,RiMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Thottappillil N, Nair PD. Dual source co-electrospun tubular scaffold generated from gelatin-vinyl acetate and poly-ɛ-caprolactone for smooth muscle cell mediated blood vessel engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111030. [PMID: 32994010 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India.
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12
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Fu J, Ding X, Stowell CET, Wu YL, Wang Y. Slow degrading poly(glycerol sebacate) derivatives improve vascular graft remodeling in a rat carotid artery interposition model. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120251. [PMID: 32738658 PMCID: PMC8422746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Porous synthetic grafts made of poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) can transform into autologous vascular conduits in vivo upon degradation of PGS. A long-held doctrine in tissue engineering is the necessity to match degradation of the scaffolds to tissue regeneration. Here, we tested the impact of degradation of PGS and its derivative in an interposition model of rat common carotid artery (CCA). Previous work indicates a complete degradation of PGS within approximately 2 weeks, likely at the fast end of the spectrum. Thus, the derivation of PGS focuses on delay degradation by conjugating the free hydroxy groups in PGS with a long chain carboxylic acid: palmitic acid, one of the most common lipid components. We evaluated two of the resultant palmitate-PGS (PPGS) in this study: one containing 9% palmitate (9-PPGS) and the other16% palmitate (16-PPGS). 16-PPGS grafts had the highest patency. Ultrasound imaging showed that the lumens of 16-PPGS grafts were similar to CCA and smaller than 9-PPGS and PGS grafts 12 weeks post-operation. Immunohistological and histological examination showed an endothelialized lumens in all three types of grafts within 4 weeks. Inflammatory responses to 16-PPGS grafts were limited to the adventitial space in contrast to a more diffusive infiltration in 9-PPGS and PGS grafts in week 4. Examination of calponin+ and αSMA+ cells revealed that 16-PPGS grafts remodeled into a distinctive bi-layered wall, while the walls of 9-PPGS grafts and PGS grafts only had one thick layer of smooth muscle-like cells. Correspondingly, the expression of collagen III and elastin displayed an identical layered structure in the remodeled 16-PPGS grafts, in contrast to a more spread distribution in 9-PPGS and PGS grafts. All the three types of grafts exhibited the same collagen content and burst pressure after 12 weeks of host remodeling. However, the compliance and elastin content of 16-PPGS grafts in week 12 were closest to those of CCA. Overall, placing the degradation of PGS derived elastomer to a window of 4-12 weeks results in vascular conduits closer to arteries in a rat carotid artery interposition model over a 12-week observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Fu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaochu Ding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chelsea E T Stowell
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Wu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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13
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Geelhoed WJ, Lalai RA, Sinnige JH, Jongeleen PJ, Storm C, Rotmans JI. Indirect Burst Pressure Measurements for the Mechanical Assessment of Biological Vessels. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:472-478. [PMID: 31328661 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Vascular tissue engineering (VTE) is a rapidly expanding field, with numerous approaches being explored both in preclinical and clinical settings. A pivotal factor in the development of VTE techniques is patient safety, notably with respect to the mechanical properties of the vessels. Of the mechanical properties, the bursting strength, representing the ability of a vessel to withstand the forces exerted on it by blood pressure, is the most important. The burst pressure is commonly assessed using one of three methods proposed by the ISO 7198. In this study, we evaluate the three burst pressure assessment methods exactly as they are presently in the field of VTE. We show that the indirect assessment methods, as they are presently used, provide inconsistent and therefore unreliable estimates of the true yield stress of a vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Jan Geelhoed
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,2Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reshma A Lalai
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,2Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joep H Sinnige
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,2Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J Jongeleen
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,2Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Storm
- 3Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Cunnane EM, Lorentz KL, Ramaswamy AK, Gupta P, Mandal BB, O'Brien FJ, Weinbaum JS, Vorp DA. Extracellular Vesicles Enhance the Remodeling of Cell-Free Silk Vascular Scaffolds in Rat Aortae. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26955-26965. [PMID: 32441910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering is aimed at developing regenerative vascular grafts to restore tissue function by bypassing or replacing defective arterial segments with tubular biodegradable scaffolds. Scaffolds are often combined with stem or progenitor cells to prevent acute thrombosis and initiate scaffold remodeling. However, there are limitations to cell-based technologies regarding safety and clinical translation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by most cell types, including stem and progenitor cells, that serve to transmit protein and RNA cargo to target cells throughout the body. EVs have been shown to replicate the therapeutic effect of their parent cells; therefore, EVs derived from stem or progenitor cells may serve as a more translatable, cell-free, therapeutic base for vascular scaffolds. Our study aims to determine if EV incorporation provides a positive effect on graft patency and remodeling in vivo. We first assessed the effect of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hADMSC) EVs on vascular cells using in vitro bioassays. We then developed an EV-functionalized vascular graft by vacuum-seeding EVs into porous silk-based tubular scaffolds. These constructs were implanted as aortic interposition grafts in Lewis rats, and their remodeling capacity was compared to that observed for hADMSC-seeded and blank (non-seeded) controls. The EV group demonstrated improved patency (100%) compared to the hADMSC (56%) and blank controls (82%) following eight weeks in vivo. The EV group also produced significantly more elastin (126.46%) and collagen (44.59%) compared to the blank group, while the hADMSC group failed to produce significantly more elastin (57.64%) or collagen (11.21%) compared to the blank group. Qualitative staining of the explanted neo-tissue revealed improved endothelium formation, increased smooth muscle cell infiltration, and reduced macrophage numbers in the EV group compared to the controls, which aids in explaining this group's favorable pre-clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan M Cunnane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland D02 YN77
| | - Katherine L Lorentz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Prerak Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India 781039
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India 781039
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India 781039
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland D02 YN77
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland D02 R590
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland D02 R590
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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15
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Masaeli E, Marquette C. Direct-Write Bioprinting Approach to Construct Multilayer Cellular Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:478. [PMID: 32039181 PMCID: PMC6985038 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular-assembly technique, bioprinting has been extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to construct hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like models with prescribed geometry. Here, we introduced a unique direct-write bioprinting strategy to fabricate a bilayer flat tissue in a hydrogel-free approach. A printed retina pigmented epithelium layer (RPE) was applied as living biopaper for positioning a fibroblast layer without using any hydrogel in bioink. We adjusted the number of cells in the inkjet droplets in order to obtain a uniform printed cell layer and demonstrated the formation of a bilayer construct through confocal imaging. Since our printing system introduced low levels of shear stress to the cells, it did not have a negative effect on cell survival, although cell viability was generally lower than that of control group over 1 week post-printing. In conclusion, our novel direct-write bioprinting approach to spatiotemporally position different cellular layers may represent an efficient tool to develop living constructs especially for regeneration of complex flat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Bat. Lederer, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Marquette
- 3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Bat. Lederer, Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, Bhaloo SI, Balcells M, Edelman ER, MacNeil S, Reilly GC, Sherborne C, Claeyssens F. Assessment of the Angiogenic Potential of 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose Using a Novel in vitro 3D Dynamic Model in Comparison With Established in vitro Assays. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:451. [PMID: 32010677 PMCID: PMC6978624 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly ordered physiological process regulated by the interaction of endothelial cells with an extensive variety of growth factors, extracellular matrix components and mechanical stimuli. One of the most important challenges in tissue engineering is the rapid neovascularization of constructs to ensure their survival after transplantation. To achieve this, the use of pro-angiogenic agents is a widely accepted approach. The study of angiogenesis has gained momentum over the last two decades. Although there are various in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo angiogenesis models that enable testing of newly discovered pro-angiogenic agents, the problem with researching angiogenesis is the choice of the most appropriate assay. In vivo assays are the most representative and reliable models, but they are expensive, time-consuming and can cause ethical concerns whereas in vitro assays are relatively inexpensive, practical, and reproducible, but they are usually lack of enabling the study of more than one aspect of angiogenesis, and they do not fully represent the complexity of physiological angiogenesis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of an angiogenesis model that allows the study of angiogenesis under physiologically more relevant, dynamic conditions without causing ethical concerns. Accordingly, in this study, we developed 3D in vitro dynamic angiogenesis model, and we tested the angiogenic potential of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) in comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using newly developed in vitro 3D dynamic model and well-established in vitro models. Our results obtained using conventional in vitro assays demonstrated that 2dDR promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the angiogenic activity of 2dDR was further assessed using the newly developed 3D in vitro model, which enabled the monitoring of cell proliferation and infiltration simultaneously under dynamic conditions. Our results showed that the administration of 2dDR and VEGF significantly enhanced the outgrowth of HAECs and the cellular density under either static or dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mercedes Balcells
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Quimic de Sarria, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Sherborne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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17
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Campos Y, Sola FJ, Almirall A, Fuentes G, Eich C, Que I, Chan A, Kaijzel E, Tabata Y, Quintanilla L, Rodríguez‐Cabello JC, Cruz LJ. Design, construction, and biological testing of an implantable porous trilayer scaffold for repairing osteoarthritic cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:355-368. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
| | | | - Amisel Almirall
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Gastón Fuentes
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V. Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - José C. Rodríguez‐Cabello
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
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18
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Physico-mechanical and in vitro characterization of electrically conductive electrospun nanofibers of poly urethane/single walled carbon nano tube by great endothelial cells adhesion for vascular tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Engineering blood vessels and vascularized tissues: technology trends and potential clinical applications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1115-1135. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including providing in vitro generated vascularized tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Since the first report on the construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers are using biomimicry to generate functional vascular grafts and vascular networks. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used that includes biomaterials, cells, pro-angiogenic factors and microfabrication technologies. Techniques to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization include use of topographical engineering and controlled-release of growth/pro-angiogenic factors. Use of decellularized natural scaffolds has gained popularity for engineering complex vascularized organs for potential clinical use. Pre-vascularization of constructs prior to implantation has also been shown to enhance its anastomosis after implantation. Host-implant anastomosis is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood. However, it will be a critical factor in determining the in vivo success of a TEVGs or bioengineered organ. Many clinical studies have been conducted using TEVGs, but vascularized tissue/organ constructs are still in the research & development stage. In addition to technical challenges, there are commercialization and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with a focus on technology trends, challenges and potential clinical applications.
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20
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Castillo-Cruz O, Avilés F, Vargas-Coronado R, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Chan-Chan LH, Sessini V, Peponi L. Mechanical properties of l-lysine based segmented polyurethane vascular grafts and their shape memory potential. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:887-895. [PMID: 31147060 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Segmented polyurethanes based on polycaprolactone, 4,4 (metylene-bis-cyclohexyl) isocyanate, and l-lysine were synthesized, manufactured as small vascular grafts and characterized according to ISO 7198 standard for cardiovascular implants-tubular vascular prosthesis. In terms of mechanical properties, the newly synthesized polyurethane films exhibited lower secant modulus than Tecoflex™ SG 80A, a well-known medical grade polyurethane. Similarly, when tested as grafts, the l-lysine-based polyurethane exhibited lower longitudinal failure load (11.5 N vs. 116 N), lower circumferential failure load per unit length (5.67 N/mm vs. 14.0 N/mm) and lower suture forces for both nylon (13.3 N vs. 24.0 N) and silk (14.0 N vs. 19.3 N) when compared to Tecoflex™ SG 80A grafts. l-Lysine-based graft exhibited a burst strength of 3620 mmHg (482.6 kPa) and a compliance of 0.16%/mmHg. The cell adhesion was demonstrated with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts where cell adhesion was observed on both films and grafts, while cell alignment was observed only on the grafts. The mechanical properties of this polyurethane and the possibility of strain-induced PCL crystals as the switching phase for shape memory materials, allowed a strain recovery ratio and a strain fixity ratio with values higher than 95% and 90%, respectively, with a repeatability of the shape-memory properties up to 4 thermo-mechanical cycles. Overall, the properties of lysine-based polyurethanes are suitable for large diameter vascular grafts where cell alignment can be controlled by their shape memory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Castillo-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - F Avilés
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R Vargas-Coronado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J V Cauich-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - L H Chan-Chan
- CONACyT-Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - V Sessini
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Yang X, Gao Z, Liu H, Wu W. Biodegrading highly porous elastomeric graft regenerates muscular and innervated carotid artery-Comparative study with vein graft. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1095-1108. [PMID: 30942530 DOI: 10.1002/term.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the superiorities of fast degrading elastomeric poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) grafts over autologous vein grafts in the reconstruction of carotid artery, thus providing more suitable vascular grafts for carotid artery replacement. We fabricated small arterial grafts from microporous tubes of PGS reinforced with PCL nanofibers on the outer surface. As control, autologous jugular veins were harvested as vein grafts. Both types of grafts were interpositioned in rat carotid arteries and evaluated at 1 year postoperatively. PGS/PCL grafts remodelled into "neoarteries" (regenerated arteries) with smooth and even vessel wall approximate to native carotid arteries. In contrast, dilated vessel cavity and thickening vessel wall presented in neoarteries remoulded from vein. Histologically, neoarteries from both groups mimic arterial tissue architecture with a confluent endothelium and media and adventita-like layers, whereas PGS/PCL neoarteries presented well-organized muscular component and elastic fibres, which contributed more flexibility and elasticity. Different from vein grafts, PGS/PCL neoarteries acquired reinnervation and displayed apparent vascular function of contraction and relaxation, as was confirmed with responsiveness to various vasoactivators, which suggests that vascular cells within neoarteries express functional phenotypes and potential of autonomic reactivity that carotid arteries owned. To conclude, according to the requirement of strong flexibility, innervation from sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves which can response the carbon dioxide and blood pressure, the muscular remodelling and innervation possessed promising possibility of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military region, Urumchi, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military region, Urumchi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Johnson R, Ding Y, Nagiah N, Monnet E, Tan W. Coaxially-structured fibres with tailored material properties for vascular graft implant. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:1-11. [PMID: 30678891 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Readily-available small-diameter arterial grafts require a great combination of materials properties, including high strength, compliance, suturability, blood sealing and anti-thrombogenicity, as well as anti-kinking property for those used in challenging anatomical situations. We have constructed grafts composed of coaxially-structured polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofibres, and tailored the material structures to achieve high strength, compliance and kink resistance, as well as excellent water sealing and anti-thrombogenicity. Coaxially-structured fibres in the grafts provided mechanical stability through the core, while flexibility and cell adhesion through the sheath. Results showed that graft compliance increased while strength decreased with the concentration ratio between core and sheath polymers. Compared to pure PCL fibrous surfaces, coaxial PCL/gelatin fibrous surfaces potently inhibited platelet adhesion and activation, providing excellent anti-thrombogenicity. To render sufficient burst strength and suturability, an additional layer of pure PCL was necessary to cap the layer of coaxial PCL/gelatin fibres. The two-layered grafts with the wall thickness comparable to native arteries demonstrated artery-like compliance and kink resistance, properties important to arteries under complex mechanical loading. The in vivo evaluation was performed using the interposition carotid artery graft model in rabbits for three months. Interestingly, results from ultrasonic imaging and histological analysis demonstrated that the two-layered grafts with a thinner outer PCL layer, which possessed higher compliance and kink resistance, showed increased blood flow, minimal lumen reduction and fibrosis. All vascular grafts exhibited patency and induced limited cell infiltration. Together, we presented a facile and useful approach to fabricate vascular grafts with superior graft performances, biomechanical properties, and blood compatibility. Grafts with artery-like compliance and flexibility have demonstrated improved implantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Naveen Nagiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Eric Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Colins, CO, United States
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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23
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Wan X, Liu P, Jin X, Xin X, Li P, Yuan J, Shen J. Electrospun PCL/keratin/AuNPs mats with the catalytic generation of nitric oxide for potential of vascular tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3239-3247. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
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24
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25
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Cunnane EM, Weinbaum JS, O'Brien FJ, Vorp DA. Future Perspectives on the Role of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Tissue Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30018970 PMCID: PMC6037696 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering is an area of regenerative medicine that attempts to create functional replacement tissue for defective segments of the vascular network. One approach to vascular tissue engineering utilizes seeding of biodegradable tubular scaffolds with stem (and/or progenitor) cells wherein the seeded cells initiate scaffold remodeling and prevent thrombosis through paracrine signaling to endogenous cells. Stem cells have received an abundance of attention in recent literature regarding the mechanism of their paracrine therapeutic effect. However, very little of this mechanistic research has been performed under the aegis of vascular tissue engineering. Therefore, the scope of this review includes the current state of TEVGs generated using the incorporation of stem cells in biodegradable scaffolds and potential cell-free directions for TEVGs based on stem cell secreted products. The current generation of stem cell-seeded vascular scaffolds are based on the premise that cells should be obtained from an autologous source. However, the reduced regenerative capacity of stem cells from certain patient groups limits the therapeutic potential of an autologous approach. This limitation prompts the need to investigate allogeneic stem cells or stem cell secreted products as therapeutic bases for TEVGs. The role of stem cell derived products, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs), in vascular tissue engineering is exciting due to their potential use as a cell-free therapeutic base. EVs offer many benefits as a therapeutic base for functionalizing vascular scaffolds such as cell specific targeting, physiological delivery of cargo to target cells, reduced immunogenicity, and stability under physiological conditions. However, a number of points must be addressed prior to the effective translation of TEVG technologies that incorporate stem cell derived EVs such as standardizing stem cell culture conditions, EV isolation, scaffold functionalization with EVs, and establishing the therapeutic benefit of this combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan M Cunnane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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26
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Fratini P, Rigoglio NN, Matias GDSS, Carreira ACO, Rici REG, Miglino MA. Canine Placenta Recellularized Using Yolk Sac Cells with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:101-106. [PMID: 30065855 PMCID: PMC6056259 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has been growing because of the emergent need for tissues/organs for transplants and restorative surgeries. Biological scaffolds are important tools to try to solve this problem. The one used in this reserach was developed by an acellular biological scaffold from canine placenta with a rich source of cellular matrix. After decellularization, the cellular matrix demonstrated structural preservation with the presence of important functional proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. We used cells transduced with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to recellularize this scaffold. It was succeeded by seeding the cells in nonadherent plaques in the presence of the sterelized placenta scaffold. Cells were adhered to the scaffold when analyzed by immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, both showing sprouting of yolk sac VEGF (YSVEGF) cells. This recellularized scaffold is a promissory biomaterial for repairing injured areas where neovascularization is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia O Carreira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center) and NETCEM (Center for Studies in Cell and Molecular Therapy), Medical Clinics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biotechnology, Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rose Eli Grassi Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Hielscher D, Kaebisch C, Braun BJV, Gray K, Tobiasch E. Stem Cell Sources and Graft Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:642-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Dhulekar J, Simionescu A. Challenges in vascular tissue engineering for diabetic patients. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:25-34. [PMID: 29396167 PMCID: PMC5871600 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia coexist in diabetes and result in inflammation, degeneration, and impaired tissue remodeling, processes which are not conducive to the desired integration of tissue engineered products into the surrounding tissues. There are several challenges for vascular tissue engineering such as non-thrombogenicity, adequate burst pressure and compliance, suturability, appropriate remodeling responses, and vasoactivity, but, under diabetic conditions, an additional challenge needs to be considered: the aggressive oxidative environment generated by the high glucose and lipid concentrations that lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the vascular wall. Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds have adequate physical properties and are biocompatible, however, these scaffolds are altered in diabetes by the formation AGEs and impaired collagen degradation, consequently increasing vascular wall stiffness. In addition, vascular cells detect and respond to altered stimuli from the matrix by pathological remodeling of the vascular wall. Due to the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they are frequently used in tissue engineering in order to protect the scaffolds from inflammation. MSCs together with antioxidant treatments of the scaffolds are expected to protect the vascular grafts from diabetes-induced alterations. In conclusion, as one of the most daunting environments that could damage the ECM and its interaction with cells is progressively built in diabetes, we recommend that cells and scaffolds used in vascular tissue engineering for diabetic patients are tested in diabetic animal models, in order to obtain valuable results regarding their resistance to diabetic adversities. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Almost 25 million Americans have diabetes, characterized by high levels of blood sugar that binds to tissues and disturbs the function of cardiovascular structures. Therefore, patients with diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Surgery is required to replace diseased arteries with implants, but these fail after 5-10 years because they are made of non-living materials, not resistant to diabetes. New tissue engineering materials are developed, based on the patients' own stem cells, isolated from fat, and added to extracellular matrix-based scaffolds. Our main concern is that diabetes could damage the tissue-like implants. Thus we review studies related to the effect of diabetes on tissue components and recommend antioxidant treatments to increase the resistance of implants to diabetes.
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29
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Song HHG, Rumma RT, Ozaki CK, Edelman ER, Chen CS. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Progress, Challenges, and Clinical Promise. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:340-354. [PMID: 29499152 PMCID: PMC5849079 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical demand for bioengineered blood vessels continues to rise, current options for vascular conduits remain limited. The synergistic combination of emerging advances in tissue fabrication and stem cell engineering promises new strategies for engineering autologous blood vessels that recapitulate not only the mechanical properties of native vessels but also their biological function. Here we explore recent bioengineering advances in creating functional blood macro and microvessels, particularly featuring stem cells as a seed source. We also highlight progress in integrating engineered vascular tissues with the host after implantation as well as the exciting pre-clinical and clinical applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Greco Song
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rowza T Rumma
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Prediction of circumferential compliance and burst strength of polymeric vascular grafts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:332-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Bakhshandeh B, Zarrintaj P, Oftadeh MO, Keramati F, Fouladiha H, Sohrabi-Jahromi S, Ziraksaz Z. Tissue engineering; strategies, tissues, and biomaterials. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2018; 33:144-172. [PMID: 29385962 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2018.1430464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current tissue regenerative strategies rely mainly on tissue repair by transplantation of the synthetic/natural implants. However, limitations of the existing strategies have increased the demand for tissue engineering approaches. Appropriate cell source, effective cell modification, and proper supportive matrices are three bases of tissue engineering. Selection of appropriate methods for cell stimulation, scaffold synthesis, and tissue transplantation play a definitive role in successful tissue engineering. Although the variety of the players are available, but proper combination and functional synergism determine the practical efficacy. Hence, in this review, a comprehensive view of tissue engineering and its different aspects are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- b School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Omid Oftadeh
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.,c Stem Cell Technology Research Center , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farid Keramati
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamideh Fouladiha
- a Department of Biotechnology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Salma Sohrabi-Jahromi
- d Gottingen Center for Molecular Biosciences , Georg August University , Göttingen , Germany
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32
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Zahari NK, Idrus RBH, Chowdhury SR. Laminin-Coated Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Nanofiber Scaffold Facilitates the Enrichment of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Population. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2242. [PMID: 29084180 PMCID: PMC5713212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblasts, the contractile cells of skeletal muscle, have been invaluable for fundamental studies of muscle development and clinical applications for muscle loss. A major limitation to the myoblast-based therapeutic approach is contamination with non-contractile fibroblasts, which overgrow during cell expansion. To overcome these limitations, this study was carried out to establish a 3D culture environment using nanofiber scaffolds to enrich the myoblast population during construct formation. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber (PM) scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning techniques and coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen or laminin, in the presence or absence of genipin. A mixed population of myoblasts and fibroblasts was isolated from human skeletal muscle tissues and cultured on plain surfaces, as well as coated and non-coated PM scaffolds. PMMA can produce smooth fibers with an average diameter of 360 ± 50 nm. Adsorption of collagen and laminin on PM scaffolds is significantly enhanced in the presence of genipin, which introduces roughness to the nanofiber surface without affecting fiber diameter and mechanical properties. It was also demonstrated that laminin-coated PM scaffolds significantly enhance myoblast proliferation (0.0081 ± 0.0007 h-1) and migration (0.26 ± 0.04 μm/min), while collagen-coated PM scaffolds favors fibroblasts proliferation (0.0097 ± 0.0009 h-1) and migration (0.23 ± 0.03 μm/min). Consequently, the myoblast population was enriched on laminin-coated PM scaffolds throughout the culture process. Therefore, laminin coating of nanofiber scaffolds could be a potential scaffold for the development of a tissue-engineered muscle substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Kamalia Zahari
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ruszymah Binti Haji Idrus
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shiplu Roy Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Shojaee M, Bashur CA. Compositions Including Synthetic and Natural Blends for Integration and Structural Integrity: Engineered for Different Vascular Graft Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371505 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for small-diameter arteries require a scaffold that simultaneously maintains patency by preventing thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, maintains its structural integrity after grafting, and allows integration. While synthetic and extracellular matrix-derived materials can provide some of these properties individually, developing a scaffold that provides the balanced properties needed for vascular graft survival in the clinic has been particularly challenging. After 30 years of research, there are now several scaffolds currently in clinical trials. However, these products are either being investigated for large-diameter applications or they require pre-seeding of endothelial cells. This progress report identifies important challenges unique to engineering vascular grafts for high pressure arteries less than 4 mm in diameter (e.g., coronary artery), and discusses limitations with the current usage of the term "small-diameter." Next, the composition and processing techniques used for generating tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are discussed, with a focus on the benefits of blended materials. Other scaffolds for non-tissue engineering approaches and stents are also briefly mentioned for comparison. Overall, this progress report discusses the importance of defining the most critical challenges for small diameter TEVGs, developing new scaffolds to provide these properties, and determining acceptable benchmarks for scaffold responses in the body.
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34
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Stefani I, Asnaghi M, Cooper-White J, Mantero S. A double chamber rotating bioreactor for enhanced tubular tissue generation from human mesenchymal stem cells: a promising tool for vascular tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e42-e52. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Stefani
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M.A. Asnaghi
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Departments of Surgery and of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Basel 4031 Switzerland
| | - J.J. Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Queensland; QLD 4072 Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO; Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
| | - S. Mantero
- Giulio Natta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Politecnico di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
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35
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A Dual-Mode Bioreactor System for Tissue Engineered Vascular Models. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1496-1510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Ostrovidov S, Shi X, Sadeghian RB, Salehi S, Fujie T, Bae H, Ramalingam M, Khademhosseini A. Stem Cell Differentiation Toward the Myogenic Lineage for Muscle Tissue Regeneration: A Focus on Muscular Dystrophy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:866-84. [PMID: 26323256 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is one of the important ways for regenerating functionally defective muscles. Among the myopathies, the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease due to mutations of the dystrophin gene leading to progressive myofiber degeneration with severe symptoms. Although current therapies in muscular dystrophy are still very challenging, important progress has been made in materials science and in cellular technologies with the use of stem cells. It is therefore useful to review these advances and the results obtained in a clinical point of view. This article focuses on the differentiation of stem cells into myoblasts, and their application in muscular dystrophy. After an overview of the different stem cells that can be induced to differentiate into the myogenic lineage, we introduce scaffolding materials used for muscular tissue engineering. We then described some widely used methods to differentiate different types of stem cell into myoblasts. We highlight recent insights obtained in therapies for muscular dystrophy. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on stem cell technology. We discussed in parallel the benefits brought by the evolution of the materials and by the expansion of cell sources which can differentiate into myoblasts. We also discussed on future challenges for clinical applications and how to accelerate the translation from the research to the clinic in the frame of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction & School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sahar Salehi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Christian Medical College Bagayam Campus, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA.
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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37
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D'Amore A, Soares JS, Stella JA, Zhang W, Amoroso NJ, Mayer JE, Wagner WR, Sacks MS. Large strain stimulation promotes extracellular matrix production and stiffness in an elastomeric scaffold model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:619-635. [PMID: 27344402 PMCID: PMC4955736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical conditioning of engineered tissue constructs is widely recognized as one of the most relevant methods to enhance tissue accretion and microstructure, leading to improved mechanical behaviors. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains rather limited, restricting the development of in silico models of these phenomena, and the translation of engineered tissues into clinical application. In the present study, we examined the role of large strip-biaxial strains (up to 50%) on ECM synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) micro-integrated into electrospun polyester urethane urea (PEUU) constructs over the course of 3 weeks. Experimental results indicated that VSMC biosynthetic behavior was quite sensitive to tissue strain maximum level, and that collagen was the primary ECM component synthesized. Moreover, we found that while a 30% peak strain level achieved maximum ECM synthesis rate, further increases in strain level lead to a reduction in ECM biosynthesis. Subsequent mechanical analysis of the formed collagen fiber network was performed by removing the scaffold mechanical responses using a strain-energy based approach, showing that the denovo collagen also demonstrated mechanical behaviors substantially better than previously obtained with small strain training and comparable to mature collagenous tissues. We conclude that the application of large deformations can play a critical role not only in the quantity of ECM synthesis (i.e. the rate of mass production), but also on the modulation of the stiffness of the newly formed ECM constituents. The improved understanding of the process of growth and development of ECM in these mechano-sensitive cell-scaffold systems will lead to more rational design and manufacturing of engineered tissues operating under highly demanding mechanical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Amore
- Department of Bioengineering McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Fondazione RiMED, Italy; DICGIM, Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Joao S Soares
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John A Stella
- Department of Bioengineering McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Will Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas J Amoroso
- Department of Bioengineering McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Boston Children׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael S Sacks
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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38
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Tamimi E, Ardila DC, Haskett DG, Doetschman T, Slepian MJ, Kellar RS, Vande Geest JP. Biomechanical Comparison of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin Fibrinogen Electrospun Scaffolds to Porcine Coronary Arteries. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:2466198. [PMID: 26501189 DOI: 10.1115/1.4031847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for Americans. As coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains a mainstay of therapy for CVD and native vein grafts are limited by issues of supply and lifespan, an effective readily available tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) for use in CABG would provide drastic improvements in patient care. Biomechanical mismatch between vascular grafts and native vasculature has been shown to be the major cause of graft failure, and therefore, there is need for compliance-matched biocompatible TEVGs for clinical implantation. The current study investigates the biaxial mechanical characterization of acellular electrospun glutaraldehyde (GLUT) vapor-crosslinked gelatin/fibrinogen cylindrical constructs, using a custom-made microbiaxial optomechanical device (MOD). Constructs crosslinked for 2, 8, and 24 hrs are compared to mechanically characterized porcine left anterior descending coronary (LADC) artery. The mechanical response data were used for constitutive modeling using a modified Fung strain energy equation. The results showed that constructs crosslinked for 2 and 8 hrs exhibited circumferential and axial tangential moduli (ATM) similar to that of the LADC. Furthermore, the 8-hrs experimental group was the only one to compliance-match the LADC, with compliance values of 0.0006±0.00018 mm Hg-1 and 0.00071±0.00027 mm Hg-1, respectively. The results of this study show the feasibility of meeting mechanical specifications expected of native arteries through manipulating GLUT vapor crosslinking time. The comprehensive mechanical characterization of cylindrical biopolymer constructs in this study is an important first step to successfully develop a biopolymer compliance-matched TEVG.
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39
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Wengerter BC, Emre G, Park JY, Geibel J. Three-dimensional Printing in the Intestine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1081-5. [PMID: 27189913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation remains a life-saving option for patients with severe intestinal failure. With the advent of advanced tissue engineering techniques, great strides have been made toward manufacturing replacement tissues and organs, including the intestine, which aim to avoid transplant-related complications. The current paradigm is to seed a biocompatible support material (scaffold) with a desired cell population to generate viable replacement tissue. Although this technique has now been extended by the three-dimensional (3D) printing of geometrically complex scaffolds, the overall approach is hindered by relatively slow turnover and negative effects of residual scaffold material, which affects final clinical outcome. Methods recently developed for scaffold-free 3D bioprinting may overcome such obstacles and should allow for rapid manufacture and deployment of "bioprinted organs." Much work remains before 3D bioprinted tissues can enter clinical use. In this brief review we examine the present state and future perspectives of this nascent technology before full clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Wengerter
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gulus Emre
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jea Young Park
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Geibel
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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40
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Zou T, Fan J, Fartash A, Liu H, Fan Y. Cell-based strategies for vascular regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1297-314. [PMID: 26864677 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular regeneration is known to play an essential role in the repair of injured tissues mainly through accelerating the repair of vascular injury caused by vascular diseases, as well as the recovery of ischemic tissues. However, the clinical vascular regeneration is still challenging. Cell-based therapy is thought to be a promising strategy for vascular regeneration, since various cells have been identified to exert important influences on the process of vascular regeneration such as the enhanced endothelium formation on the surface of vascular grafts, and the induction of vessel-like network formation in the ischemic tissues. Here are a vast number of diverse cell-based strategies that have been extensively studied in vascular regeneration. These strategies can be further classified into three main categories, including cell transplantation, construction of tissue-engineered grafts, and surface modification of scaffolds. Cells used in these strategies mainly refer to terminally differentiated vascular cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and unipotent stem cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the reported research advances on the application of various cells for vascular regeneration, yielding insights into future clinical treatment for injured tissue/organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqiang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Armita Fartash
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
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41
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Mi HY, Jing X, McNulty J, Salick MR, Peng XF, Turng LS. Approaches to Fabricating Multiple-Layered Vascular Scaffolds Using Hybrid Electrospinning and Thermally Induced Phase Separation Methods. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Mi
- The
Key Laboratory for Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jing
- The
Key Laboratory for Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- The
Key Laboratory for Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Elliott MB, Gerecht S. Three-dimensional culture of small-diameter vascular grafts. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3443-3453. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of efforts to engineer 3D small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular grafts, indicating the importance of stem cells, co-culture, and pulsatile flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
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43
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Park AR, Park YH, Kim HJ, Kim MK, Kim SG, Kweon H, Kundu SC. Tri-layered silk fibroin and poly-ɛ-caprolactone small diameter vascular grafts tested in vitro and in vivo. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Park HW, Yoon WB. Measuring ring tensile stress and strain of surimi gels using a novel ring tensile test with image analysis. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Chen H, Liu Y, Hu Q. A novel bioactive membrane by cell electrospinning. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:261-6. [PMID: 26297530 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning permits fabrication of biodegradable matrices that can resemble the both scale and mechanical behavior of the native extracellular matrix. However, achieving high-cellular density and infiltration of cells within matrices with traditional technique remain challenging and time consuming. The cell electrospinning technique presented in this paper can mitigate the problems associated with these limitations. Cells encapsulated by the material in the cell electrospinning technique survived well and distributed homogenously within the nanofibrous membrane, and their vitality was improved to 133% after being cultured for 28 days. The electrospun nanofibrous membrane has a certain degradation property and favorable cell-membrane interaction that supports the active biocompatibility of the membrane. Its properties are helpful for supporting cell attachment and growth, maintaining phenotypic shape, and secreting an ample amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). This novel membrane may be a potential application within the field of tissue engineering. The ability of cell electrospinning to microintegrate cells into a biodegradable fibrous matrix embodies a novel tissue engineering approach that could be applied to fabricate a high cell density elastic tissue mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Chen
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Mechatronic Engineering and Automation of Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Mechatronic Engineering and Automation of Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Roboties, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Mechatronic Engineering and Automation of Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Roboties, Shanghai 200444, China
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46
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Ye L, Cao J, Chen L, Geng X, Zhang AY, Guo LR, Gu YQ, Feng ZG. The fabrication of double layer tubular vascular tissue engineering scaffold via coaxial electrospinning and its 3D cell coculture. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3863-71. [PMID: 26123627 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A continuous electrospinning technique was applied to fabricate double layer tubular tissue engineering vascular graft (TEVG) scaffold. The luminal layer was made from poly(ɛ-caprolac-tone)(PCL) ultrafine fibers via common single axial electrospinning followed by the outer layer of core-shell structured nanofibers via coaxial electrospinning. For preparing the outer layernano-fibers, the PCL was electrospun into the shell and both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetrapeptide val-gal-pro-gly (VAPG) were encapsulated into the core. The core-shell structure in the outer layer fibers was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The in vitro release tests exhibited the sustainable release behavior of BSA and VAPG so that they provided a better cell growth environment in the interior of tubular scaffold wall. The in vitro culture of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) demonstrated their potential to penetrate into the scaffold wall for the 3D cell culture. Subsequently, 3D cell coculture was conducted. First, SMCs were seeded on the luminal surface of the scaffold and cultured for 5 days, and then endothelial cells (ECs) were also seeded on the luminal surface and cocultured with SMCs for another 2 days. After stained with antibodies, 3D cell distribution on the scaffold was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) where ECs were mainly located on the luminal surface whereas SMCs penetrated into the surface and distributed inside the scaffold wall. This double layer tubular scaffold with 3D cell distribution showed the promise to develop it into a novel TEVG for clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lamei Chen
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ai-Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lian-Rui Guo
- Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yong-Quan Gu
- Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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47
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Sgarioto M, Adhikari R, Gunatillake PA, Moore T, Patterson J, Nagel MD, Malherbe F. High Modulus Biodegradable Polyurethanes for Vascular Stents: Evaluation of Accelerated in vitro Degradation and Cell Viability of Degradation Products. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:52. [PMID: 26000274 PMCID: PMC4422008 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported the mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation behavior of a series of NovoSorb™ biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) prepared by varying the hard segment (HS) weight percentage from 60 to 100. In this study, the in vitro degradation behavior of these PUs with and without extracellular matrix (ECM) coating was investigated under accelerated hydrolytic degradation (phosphate buffer saline; PBS/70°C) conditions. The mass loss at different time intervals and the effect of aqueous degradation products on the viability and growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were examined. The results showed that PUs with HS 80% and below completely disintegrated leaving no visual polymer residue at 18 weeks and the degradation medium turned acidic due to the accumulation of products from the soft segment (SS) degradation. As expected the PU with the lowest HS was the fastest to degrade. The accumulated degradation products, when tested undiluted, showed viability of about 40% for HUVEC cells. However, the viability was over 80% when the solution was diluted to 50% and below. The growth of HUVEC cells is similar to but not identical to that observed with tissue culture polystyrene standard (TCPS). The results from this in vitro study suggested that the PUs in the series degraded primarily due to the SS degradation and the cell viability of the accumulated acidic degradation products showed poor viability to HUVEC cells when tested undiluted, however particles released to the degradation medium showed cell viability over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sgarioto
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC , Australia ; UMR CNRS 7338 Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne , Compiègne , France
| | - Raju Adhikari
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Tim Moore
- PolyNovo Biomaterials Pty Ltd. , Port Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - John Patterson
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC , Australia
| | - Marie-Danielle Nagel
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne , Compiègne , France
| | - François Malherbe
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC , Australia
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48
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Tondreau MY, Laterreur V, Gauvin R, Vallières K, Bourget JM, Lacroix D, Tremblay C, Germain L, Ruel J, Auger FA. Mechanical properties of endothelialized fibroblast-derived vascular scaffolds stimulated in a bioreactor. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:176-85. [PMID: 25749291 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing clinical need for tissue-engineered small-diameter (<6mm) vascular grafts since clinical applications are restricted by the limited availability of autologous living grafts or the lack of suitability of synthetic grafts. The present study uses our self-assembly approach to produce a fibroblast-derived decellularized vascular scaffold that can then be available off-the-shelf. Briefly, scaffolds were produced using human dermal fibroblasts sheets rolled around a mandrel, maintained in culture to allow for the formation of cohesive and three-dimensional tubular constructs, and then decellularized by immersion in deionized water. Constructs were then endothelialized and perfused for 1week in an appropriate bioreactor. Mechanical testing results showed that the decellularization process did not influence the resistance of the tissue and an increase in ultimate tensile strength was observed following the perfusion of the construct in the bioreactor. These fibroblast-derived vascular scaffolds could be stored and later used to deliver readily implantable grafts within 4weeks including an autologous endothelial cell isolation and seeding process. This technology could greatly accelerate the clinical availability of tissue-engineered blood vessels.
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49
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Griffin MF, Butler PE, Seifalian AM, Kalaskar DM. Control of stem cell fate by engineering their micro and nanoenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:37-50. [PMID: 25621104 PMCID: PMC4300935 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.
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50
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Jing X, Mi HY, Salick MR, Cordie TM, Peng XF, Turng LS. Electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene oxide scaffolds for small diameter vascular graft applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 49:40-50. [PMID: 25686925 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of small diameter vascular grafts plays an important role in vascular tissue engineering. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/graphene oxide (GO) scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning at different GO contents as potential candidates for small diameter vascular grafts. In terms of mechanical and surface properties, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and hydrophilicity of the scaffolds increased with an increase of GO content while plasma treatment dramatically improved the scaffold hydrophilicity. Mouse fibroblast (3T3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on the scaffolds separately to study their biocompatibility and potential to be used as vascular grafts. It was found that cell viability for both types of cells, fibroblast proliferation, and HUVEC attachment were the highest at a 0.5wt.% GO loading whereas oxygen plasma treatment also enhanced HUVEC viability and attachment significantly. In addition, the suture retention strength and burst pressure of tubular TPU/GO scaffolds containing 0.5wt.% GO were found to meet the requirements of human blood vessels, and endothelial cells were able to attach to the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds. Platelet adhesion tests using mice blood indicated that vascular scaffolds containing 0.5% GO had low platelet adhesion and activation. Therefore, the electrospun TPU/GO tubular scaffolds have the potential to be used in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Max R Salick
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Travis M Cordie
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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