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Laubach M, Herath B, Suresh S, Saifzadeh S, Dargaville BL, Cometta S, Schemenz V, Wille ML, McGovern J, Hutmacher DW, Medeiros Savi F, Bock N. An innovative intramedullary bone graft harvesting concept as a fundamental component of scaffold-guided bone regeneration: A preclinical in vivo validation. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:1-14. [PMID: 38957270 PMCID: PMC11215842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The deployment of bone grafts (BGs) is critical to the success of scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) of large bone defects. It is thus critical to provide harvesting devices that maximize osteogenic capacity of the autograft while also minimizing graft damage during collection. As an alternative to the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator 2 (RIA 2) system - the gold standard for large-volume graft harvesting used in orthopaedic clinics today - a novel intramedullary BG harvesting concept has been preclinically introduced and referred to as the ARA (aspirator + reaming-aspiration) concept. The ARA concept uses aspiration of the intramedullary content, followed by medullary reaming-aspiration of the endosteal bone. This concept allows greater customization of BG harvesting conditions vis-à-vis the RIA 2 system. Following its successful in vitro validation, we hypothesized that an ARA concept-collected BG would have comparable in vivo osteogenic capacity compared to the RIA 2 system-collected BG. Methods We used 3D-printed, medical-grade polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (mPCL-HA, wt 96 %:4 %) scaffolds with a Voronoi design, loaded with or without different sheep-harvested BGs and tested them in an ectopic bone formation rat model for up to 8 weeks. Results Active bone regeneration was observed throughout the scaffold-BG constructs, particularly on the surface of the bone chips with endochondral bone formation, and highly vascularized tissue formed within the fully interconnected pore architecture. There were no differences between the BGs derived from the RIA 2 system and the ARA concept in new bone volume formation and in compression tests (Young's modulus, p = 0.74; yield strength, p = 0.50). These results highlight that the osteogenic capacities of the mPCL-HA Voronoi scaffold loaded with BGs from the ARA concept and the RIA 2 system are equivalent. Conclusion In conclusion, the ARA concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting BGs to be clinically integrated into SGBR strategies. The translational potential of this article Our results show that biodegradable composite scaffolds loaded with BGs from the novel intramedullary harvesting concept and the RIA 2 system have equivalent osteogenic capacity. Thus, the innovative, highly intuitive intramedullary harvesting concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting bone grafts, which are an important component for the routine translation of SGBR concepts into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laubach
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Buddhi Herath
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Sinduja Suresh
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Chermside, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Bronwin L. Dargaville
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Silvia Cometta
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Victoria Schemenz
- Abteilung für Zahnerhaltung und Präventivzahnmedizin CharitéCentrum 3 für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Wille
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Brisbane, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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2
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Dellaquila A, Dujardin C, Le Bao C, Chaumeton C, Carré A, Le Guilcher C, Lam F, Simon-Yarza T. Fibroblasts mediate endothelium response to angiogenic cues in a newly developed 3D stroma engineered model. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213636. [PMID: 37778292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional stroma engineered models would enable fundamental and applicative studies of human tissues interaction and remodeling in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we propose a 3D vascularized stroma model to be used as in vitro platform for drug testing. A pullulan/dextran-based porous scaffold containing pre-patterned microchannels of 100 μm diameter is used for co-culturing of fibroblasts within the matrix pores and endothelial cells to form the lumen. Optical clearing of the constructs by hyperhydration allows for in-depth imaging of the model up to 1 mm by lightsheet and confocal microscopy. Our 3D vascularized stroma model allows for higher viability, metabolism and cytokines expression compared to a monocultured vascular model. Stroma-endothelium cross-talk is then investigated by exposing the system to pro and anti-angiogenic molecules. The results highlight the protective role played by fibroblasts on the vasculature, as demonstrated by decreased cytotoxicity, restoration of nitric oxide levels upon challenge, and sustained expression of endothelial markers CD31, vWF and VEGF. Our tissue model provides a 3D engineered platform for in vitro studies of stroma remodeling in angiogenesis-driven events, known to be a leading mechanism in diseased conditions, such as metastatic cancers, retinopathies and ischemia, and to investigate related potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France.
| | - Chloé Dujardin
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France
| | - Chau Le Bao
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France
| | - Chloé Chaumeton
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Paris 75005, France
| | - Albane Carré
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France
| | - Camille Le Guilcher
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France
| | - France Lam
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Paris 75005, France
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France.
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Henkel J, Medeiros Savi F, Berner A, Fountain S, Saifzadeh S, Steck R, Epari DR, Woodruff MA, Knackstedt M, Schuetz MA, Hutmacher DW. Scaffold-guided bone regeneration in large volume tibial segmental defects. Bone 2021; 153:116163. [PMID: 34461285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Large volume losses in weight bearing long bones are a major challenge in clinical practice. Despite multiple innovations over the last decades, significant limitations subsist in current clinical treatment options which is driving a strong clinical demand for clinically translatable treatment alternatives, including bone tissue engineering applications. Despite these shortcomings, preclinical large animal models of large volume segmental bone defects to investigate the regenerative capacity of bone tissue engineering strategies under clinically relevant conditions are rarely described in literature. We herein present a newly established preclinical ovine animal model for the treatment of XL volume (19 cm3) segmental tibial defects. In eight aged male Merino sheep (age > 6 years) a mid-diaphyseal tibial segmental defect was created and stabilized with a 5.6 mm Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP). We present short-term (3 months) and long-term (12-15 months) results of a pilot study using medical grade Polycaprolactone-Tricalciumphosphate (mPCL-TCP) scaffolds combined with a dose of 2 mg rhBMP-7 delivered in Platelet-Rich- Plasma (PRP). Furthermore, detailed analyses of the mechanical properties of the scaffolds as well as interfragmentary movement (IFM) and DCP-surface strain in vitro and a comprehensive description of the surgical and post-surgery protocol and post-mortem analysis is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Henkel
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; Department of Trauma Surgery, Lutheran Hospital Goettingen-Weende, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Arne Berner
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Australia
| | - Stephanie Fountain
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Devakar R Epari
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Mark Knackstedt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael A Schuetz
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia; Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia.
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Quality control methods in musculoskeletal tissue engineering: from imaging to biosensors. Bone Res 2021; 9:46. [PMID: 34707086 PMCID: PMC8551153 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is rapidly progressing toward clinical application. In the musculoskeletal field, there has been an increasing necessity for bone and cartilage replacement. Despite the promising translational potential of tissue engineering approaches, careful attention should be given to the quality of developed constructs to increase the real applicability to patients. After a general introduction to musculoskeletal tissue engineering, this narrative review aims to offer an overview of methods, starting from classical techniques, such as gene expression analysis and histology, to less common methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, microcomputed tomography, and biosensors, that can be employed to assess the quality of constructs in terms of viability, morphology, or matrix deposition. A particular emphasis is given to standards and good practices (GXP), which can be applicable in different sectors. Moreover, a classification of the methods into destructive, noninvasive, or conservative based on the possible further development of a preimplant quality monitoring system is proposed. Biosensors in musculoskeletal tissue engineering have not yet been used but have been proposed as a novel technology that can be exploited with numerous advantages, including minimal invasiveness, making them suitable for the development of preimplant quality control systems.
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5
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Wong KI, Zhong Y, Li D, Cheng Z, Yu Z, Wei M. Modified porous microstructure for improving bone compatibility of poly-ether-ether-ketone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104541. [PMID: 34062372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has been the promising implantation material since it was first applied in the medical field in the 1990s. With its irreplaceable advantages, such as high mechanical and biological properties, human-like tensile strength and elastic modulus, and excellent physical and chemical stability, PEEK has been regarded as an excellent implantation material, and has been widely used in orthopedics, reconstructive surgery, and dentistry. However, PEEK also has an obvious shortcoming of poor bone compatibility due to its inherent hydrophobicity and bio-inertia, which is a great challenge for its prospect. In the present study, based on the acknowledged fact that enhancing the roughness of PEEK can improve its bone compatibility, modified porous PEEK implants with different porosities (40%, 50%, 60% and solid) were fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to determine whether the bone compatibility can be improved, and compare the biological properties between different porosities. These results indicate that both in vitro and in vivo, the bone compatibility of the modified porous PEEK has been strongly improved, when compared to the control group (solid PEEK implants). In vitro and in vivo, the 40%-porosity-PEEK possessed the highest bone compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ioi Wong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yehong Zhong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zheyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
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Shrestha B, DeLuna F, Anastasio MA, Yong Ye J, Brey EM. Photoacoustic Imaging in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:79-102. [PMID: 31854242 PMCID: PMC7041335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several imaging modalities are available for investigation of the morphological, functional, and molecular features of engineered tissues in small animal models. While research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) would benefit from a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of new strategies, researchers have not always applied the most advanced methods. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly emerging modality that has received significant attention due to its ability to exploit the strong endogenous contrast of optical methods with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound methods. Exogenous contrast agents can also be used in PAI for targeted imaging. Applications of PAI relevant to TERM include stem cell tracking, longitudinal monitoring of scaffolds in vivo, and evaluation of vascularization. In addition, the emerging capabilities of PAI applied to the detection and monitoring of cancer and other inflammatory diseases could be exploited by tissue engineers. This article provides an overview of the operating principles of PAI and its broad potential for application in TERM. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging, a new hybrid imaging technique, has demonstrated high potential in the clinical diagnostic applications. The optical and acoustic aspect of the photoacoustic imaging system works in harmony to provide better resolution at greater tissue depth. Label-free imaging of vasculature with this imaging can be used to track and monitor disease, as well as the therapeutic progression of treatment. Photoacoustic imaging has been utilized in tissue engineering to some extent; however, the full benefit of this technique is yet to be explored. The increasing availability of commercial photoacoustic systems will make application as an imaging tool for tissue engineering application more feasible. This review first provides a brief description of photoacoustic imaging and summarizes its current and potential application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Frank DeLuna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jing Yong Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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7
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Contrast enhanced computed tomography for real-time quantification of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage tissue engineered constructs. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:202-212. [PMID: 31580960 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are two therapeutic strategies to treat, and to potentially cure, diseases affecting cartilaginous tissues, such as osteoarthritis and cartilage defects. Insights into the processes occurring during regeneration are essential to steer and inform development of the envisaged regenerative strategy, however tools are needed for longitudinal and quantitative monitoring of cartilage matrix components. In this study, we introduce a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT)-based method using a cationic iodinated contrast agent (CA4+) for longitudinal quantification of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in cartilage-engineered constructs. CA4+ concentration and scanning protocols were first optimized to ensure no cytotoxicity and a facile procedure with minimal radiation dose. Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell pellets, containing different GAG content were generated and exposed to CA4+. The CA4+ content in the pellets, as determined by micro computed tomography, was plotted against GAG content, as measured by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue analysis, and showed a high linear correlation. The established equation was used for longitudinal measurements of GAG content over 28 days of pellet culture. Importantly, this method did not adversely affect cell viability or chondrogenesis. Additionally, the CA4+ distribution accurately matched safranin-O staining on histological sections. Hence, we show proof-of-concept for the application of CECT, utilizing a positively charged contrast agent, for longitudinal and quantitative imaging of GAG distribution in cartilage tissue-engineered constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are promising therapeutic strategies for different joint pathologies such as cartilage defects or osteoarthritis. Currently, in vitro assessment on the quality and composition of the engineered cartilage mainly relies on destructive methods. Therefore, there is a need for the development of techniques that allow for longitudinal and quantitative imaging and monitoring of cartilage-engineered constructs. This work harnesses the electrostatic interactions between the negatively-charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and a positively-charged contrast agent for longitudinal and non-destructive quantification of GAGs, providing valuable insight on GAG development and distribution in cartilage engineered constructs. Such technique can advance the development of regenerative strategies, not only by allowing continuous monitoring but also by serving as a pre-implantation screening tool.
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8
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Xie C. Bio‐inspired nanofunctionalisation of biomaterial surfaces: a review. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan610031People's Republic of China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610031People's Republic of China
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9
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Osorio M, Cañas A, Puerta J, Díaz L, Naranjo T, Ortiz I, Castro C. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Biocompatibility Assessment (Blood and Tissue) of Three-Dimensional Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Implants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10553. [PMID: 31332259 PMCID: PMC6646330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a promising biomedical material. However, the haemocompatibility (haemolysis and thrombogenicity) and acute and sub-chronic immune responses to three-dimensional (3D) BNC biomaterials have not been evaluated. Accordingly, this manuscript focused on the effect of 3D microporosity on BNC haemocompatibility and a comparison with 2D BNC architecture, followed by the evaluation of the immune response to 3D BNC. Blood ex vivo studies indicated that compared with other 2D and 3D BNC architectures, never-dried 2D BNC presented antihemolytic and antithrombogenic effects. Nevertheless, in vivo studies indicated that 3D BNC did not interfere with wound haemostasis and elicited a mild acute inflammatory response, not a foreign body or chronic inflammatory response. Moreover, compared with the polyethylene controls, the implant design with micropores ca. 60 µm in diameter showed a high level of collagen, neovascularization and low fibrosis. Cell/tissue infiltration increased to 91% after 12 weeks and was characterized by fibroblastic, capillary and extracellular matrix infiltration. Accordingly, 3D BNC biomaterials can be considered a potential implantable biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation or replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osorio
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Cañas
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Puerta
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72 A # 78 B-141, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Díaz
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia
| | - T Naranjo
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72 A # 78 B-141, Medellín, Colombia
| | - I Ortiz
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Castro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia.
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Su KX, Ji P, Wang H, Li LL, Su LZ, Wang C. [In vivo study of 3D printed porous tantalum implant on osseointegration]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:291-295. [PMID: 29984931 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the effect of porous tantalum and porous titanium on osseointegration. METHODS Two kinds of porous materials with same microporous parameters, namely, porous tantalum and porous titanium, were fabricated by computer-aided design (CAD) modeling and 3D printing technology. A defect model was established in 24 New Zealand white rabbits in the bilateral femoral lateral malleolus at the left and right side of each animal. Then, animals were randomly divided into two groups, and bone defects were repaired by porous tantalum and porous titanium (experimental and control groups, respectively). Animals were sacrificed at two, four, and eight weeks after implantation. Gross observation and methylene blue-acid fuchsin staining were used to observe osseointegration of the implant and bone interface, and the osseointegration strength of implant bone interface was tested by push-out test. RESULTS At two, four, and eight weeks after operation, the new bone tissue in the two groups increased gradually, and new bone trabecula appeared and grew into the pores of the materials. No significant difference (P>0.05) in osteogenesis and the strength of implant bone tissue interface between the two groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS 3D
printed porous tantalum implants, which exhibit comparable osseointegration capabilities to porous titanium implants, can form an early biological combination with bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Su
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Han Wang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lei-Zhen Su
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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11
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Choi D, Komeda M, Heo J, Hong J, Matsusaki M, Akashi M. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Incorporated Multilayer Film Induces Preangiogenesis in Endothelial Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1833-1842. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daheui Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Misaki Komeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiwoong Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoaka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Alves A, Attik N, Bayon Y, Royet E, Wirth C, Bourges X, Piat A, Dolmazon G, Clermont G, Boutrand JP, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K. Devising tissue ingrowth metrics: a contribution to the computational characterization of engineered soft tissue healing. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa9d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Zhu Z, Pang S. Three-dimensional reciprocal space x-ray coherent scattering tomography of two-dimensional object. Med Phys 2018; 45:1654-1661. [PMID: 29446097 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE X-ray coherent scattering tomography is a powerful tool in discriminating biological tissues and bio-compatible materials. Conventional x-ray scattering tomography framework can only resolve isotropic scattering profile under the assumption that the material is amorphous or in powder form, which is not true especially for biological samples with orientation-dependent structure. Previous tomography schemes based on x-ray coherent scattering failed to preserve the scattering pattern from samples with preferred orientations, or required elaborated data acquisition scheme, which could limit its application in practical settings. Here, we demonstrate a simple imaging modality to preserve the anisotropic scattering signal in three-dimensional reciprocal (momentum transfer) space of a two-dimensional sample layer. METHODS By incorporating detector movement along the direction of x-ray beam, combined with a tomographic data acquisition scheme, we match the five dimensions of the measurements with the five dimensions (three in momentum transfer domain, and two in spatial domain) of the object. We employed a collimated pencil beam of a table-top copper-anode x-ray tube, along with a panel detector to investigate the feasibility of our method. RESULTS We have demonstrated x-ray coherent scattering tomographic imaging at a spatial resolution ~2 mm and momentum transfer resolution 0.01 Å-1 for the rotation-invariant scattering direction. For any arbitrary, non-rotation-invariant direction, the same spatial and momentum transfer resolution can be achieved based on the spatial information from the rotation-invariant direction. The reconstructed scattering profile of each pixel from the experiment is consistent with the x-ray diffraction profile of each material. The three-dimensional scattering pattern recovered from the measurement reveals the partially ordered molecular structure of Teflon wrap in our sample. CONCLUSIONS We extend the applicability of conventional x-ray coherent scattering tomography to the reconstruction of two-dimensional samples with anisotropic scattering profile by introducing additional degree of freedom on the detector. The presented method has the potential to achieve low-cost, high-specificity material discrimination based on x-ray coherent scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Zhu
- The College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Shuo Pang
- The College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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14
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Mahumane GD, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Choonara YE, Pillay V. 3D scaffolds for brain tissue regeneration: architectural challenges. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2812-2837. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Critical analysis of experimental studies on 3D scaffolds for brain tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Dumsile Mahumane
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- School of Therapeutic Science
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- School of Therapeutic Science
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Lisa Claire du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- School of Therapeutic Science
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Yahya Essop Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- School of Therapeutic Science
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- School of Therapeutic Science
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of the Witwatersrand
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15
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Lewin S, Barba A, Persson C, Franch J, Ginebra MP, Öhman-Mägi C. Evaluation of bone formation in calcium phosphate scaffolds with
μ
CT-method validation using SEM. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:065005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa801d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Li J, Jahr H, Zheng W, Ren PG. Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930985 DOI: 10.3791/55381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of critically sized bone defects remains a serious clinical problem because of poor angiogenesis within tissue-engineered scaffolds during repair, which gives rise to a lack of sufficient blood supply and causes necrosis of the new tissues. Rapid vascularization is a vital prerequisite for new tissue survival and integration with existing host tissue. The de novo generation of vasculature in scaffolds is one of the most important steps in making bone regeneration more efficient, allowing repairing tissue to grow into a scaffold. To tackle this problem, the genetic modification of a biomaterial scaffold is used to accelerate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, visualizing and tracking in vivo blood vessel formation in real-time and in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds or new bone tissue is still an obstacle for bone tissue engineering. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a novel bio-imaging modality that can acquire volumetric data from biological structures in a high-resolution and minimally-invasive manner. The objective of this study was to visualize angiogenesis with multiphoton microscopy in vivo in a genetically modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp scaffold for calvarial critical bone defect repair. PLGA/nHAp scaffolds were functionalized for the sustained delivery of a growth factor pdgf-b gene carrying lentiviral vectors (LV-pdgfb) in order to facilitate angiogenesis and to enhance bone regeneration. In a scaffold-implanted calvarial critical bone defect mouse model, the blood vessel areas (BVAs) in PHp scaffolds were significantly higher than in PH scaffolds. Additionally, the expression of pdgf-b and angiogenesis-related genes, vWF and VEGFR2, increased correspondingly. MicroCT analysis indicated that the new bone formation in the PHp group dramatically improved compared to the other groups. To our knowledge, this is the first time multiphoton microscopy was used in bone tissue-engineering to investigate angiogenesis in a 3D bio-degradable scaffold in vivo and in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht UMC+; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
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17
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Rossi L, Attanasio C, Vilardi E, De Gregorio M, Netti PA. Vasculogenic potential evaluation of bottom-up, PCL scaffolds guiding early angiogenesis in tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:107. [PMID: 27117793 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is a key factor in the successful integration of tissue engineered (TE) grafts inside the host body. Biological functions of the newly formed tissue depend, in fact, on a reliable and fast spread of the vascular network inside the scaffold. In this study, we propose a technique for evaluating vascularization in TE constructs assembled by a bottom-up approach. The rational, ordered assembly of building blocks (BBs) into a 3D scaffold can improve vessel penetration, and-unlike most current technologies-is compatible with the insertion of different elements that can be designed independently (e.g. structural units, growth factor depots etc.). Poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds composed of orderly and randomly assembled sintered microspheres were used to assess the degree of vascularization in a pilot in vivo study. Scaffolds were implanted in a rat subcutaneous pocket model, and retrieved after 7 days. We introduce three quantitative factors as a measure of vascularization: the total percentage of vascularization, the vessels diameter distribution and the vascular penetration depth. These parameters were derived by image analysis of microcomputed tomographic scans of biological specimens perfused with a radiopaque polymer. The outcome of this study suggests that the rational assembly of BBs helps the onset and organization of a fully functional vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rossi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - C Attanasio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - E Vilardi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - M De Gregorio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - P A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Kerckhofs G, Chai Y, Luyten F, Geris L. Combining microCT-based characterization with empirical modelling as a robust screening approach for the design of optimized CaP-containing scaffolds for progenitor cell-mediated bone formation. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:330-40. [PMID: 26925963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are a key ingredient to the success of bone tissue engineering (TE), which focuses on the healing of bone defects by combining scaffolds with cells and/or growth factors. Due to the widely variable material characteristics and patient-specificities, however, current bone TE strategies still suffer from low repeatability and lack of robustness, which hamper clinical translation. Hence, optimal TE construct (i.e. cells and scaffold) characteristics are still under debate. This study aimed to reduce the material-specific variability for cell-based construct design, avoiding trial-and-error, by combining microCT characterization and empirical modelling as an innovative and robust screening approach. Via microCT characterization we have built a quantitative construct library of morphological and compositional properties of six CE approved CaP-based scaffolds (CopiOs®, BioOss™, Integra Mozaik™, chronOS Vivify, MBCP™ and ReproBone™), and of their bone forming capacity and in vivo scaffold degradation when combined with human periosteal derived cells (hPDCs). The empirical model, based on the construct library, allowed identification of the construct characteristics driving optimized bone formation, i.e. (a) the percentage of β-TCP and dibasic calcium phosphate, (b) the concavity of the CaP structure, (c) the average CaP structure thickness and (d) the seeded cell amount (taking into account the seeding efficiency). Additionally, the model allowed to quantitatively predict the bone forming response of different hPDC-CaP scaffold combinations, thus providing input for a more robust design of optimized constructs and avoiding trial-and error. This could improve and facilitate clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biomaterials that support regenerative processes are a key ingredient for successful bone tissue engineering (TE). However, the optimal scaffold structure is still under debate. In this study, we have provided a useful innovative approach for robust screening of potential biomaterials or constructs (i.e. scaffolds seeded with cells and/or growth factors) by combining microCT characterization with empirical modelling. This novel approach leads to a better insight in the scaffold parameters influencing progenitor cell-mediated bone formation. Additionally, it serves as input for more controlled and robust design of optimized CaP-containing bone TE scaffolds. Hence, this novel approach could improve and facilitate clinical translation.
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Development of a High-Throughput Ultrasound Technique for the Analysis of Tissue Engineering Constructs. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:793-802. [PMID: 26577255 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of hydrogel-based tissue engineering constructs is growing at a rapid rate, yet translation to patient use has been sluggish. Years of costly preclinical tests are required to predict clinical performance and safety of these devices. The tests are invasive, destructive to the samples and, in many cases, are not representative of the ultimate in vivo scenario. Biomedical imaging has the potential to facilitate biomaterial development by enabling longitudinal noninvasive device characterization directly in situ. Among the various available imaging modalities, ultrasound stands out as an excellent candidate due to low cost, wide availability, and a favorable safety profile. The overall goal of this work was to demonstrate the utility of clinical ultrasound in longitudinal characterization of 3D hydrogel matrices supporting cell growth. Specifically, we developed a quantitative technique using clinical B-mode ultrasound to differentiate collagen content and fibroblast density within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels and validated it in an in vitro phantom environment. By manipulating the hydrogel gelation, differences in ultrasound signal intensity were found between gels with collagen fibers and those with non-fiber forming collagen, indicating that the technique was sensitive to the configuration of the protein. At a collagen density of 2.5 mg/mL collagen, fiber forming collagen had a significantly increased signal intensity of 14.90 ± 2.58 × 10(-5) a.u. compared to non-fiber forming intensity at 2.74 ± 0.36 × 10(-5) a.u. Additionally, differences in intensity were found between living and fixed fibroblasts, with an increased signal intensity detected in living cells (5.00 ± 0.80 × 10(-5) a.u. in 1 day live cells compared to 2.26 ± 0.39 × 10(-5) a.u.in fixed cells at a concentration of 1 × 10(6) cells/mL in gels containing collagen). Overall, there was a linear correlation >0.90 for ultrasound intensity with increasing cell density. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using clinical ultrasound for characterization of PEG-based hydrogels in a tissue-mimicking phantom. The approach is clinically-relevant and could, with further validation, be utilized to nondestructively monitor in vivo performance of implanted tissue engineering scaffolds over time in preclinical and clinical settings.
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20
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Short AR, Koralla D, Deshmukh A, Wissel B, Stocker B, Calhoun M, Dean D, Winter JO. Hydrogels That Allow and Facilitate Bone Repair, Remodeling, and Regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7818-7830. [PMID: 26693013 PMCID: PMC4675359 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects can originate from a variety of causes, including trauma, cancer, congenital deformity, and surgical reconstruction. Success of the current "gold standard" treatment (i.e., autologous bone grafts) is greatly influenced by insufficient or inappropriate bone stock. There is thus a critical need for the development of new, engineered materials for bone repair. This review describes the use of natural and synthetic hydrogels as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We discuss many of the advantages that hydrogels offer as bone repair materials, including their potential for osteoconductivity, biodegradability, controlled growth factor release, and cell encapsulation. We also discuss the use of hydrogels in composite devices with metals, ceramics, or polymers. These composites are useful because of the low mechanical moduli of hydrogels. Finally, the potential for thermosetting and photo-cross-linked hydrogels as three-dimensionally (3D) printed, patient-specific devices is highlighted. Three-dimensional printing enables controlled spatial distribution of scaffold materials, cells, and growth factors. Hydrogels, especially natural hydrogels present in bone matrix, have great potential to augment existing bone tissue engineering devices for the treatment of critical size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Short
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepthi Koralla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ameya Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Wissel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Stocker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Calhoun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica O. Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Cipitria A, Wagermaier W, Zaslansky P, Schell H, Reichert J, Fratzl P, Hutmacher D, Duda G. BMP delivery complements the guiding effect of scaffold architecture without altering bone microstructure in critical-sized long bone defects: A multiscale analysis. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:282-294. [PMID: 26004222 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold architecture guides bone formation. However, in critical-sized long bone defects additional BMP-mediated osteogenic stimulation is needed to form clinically relevant volumes of new bone. The hierarchical structure of bone determines its mechanical properties. Yet, the micro- and nanostructure of BMP-mediated fast-forming bone has not been compared with slower regenerating bone without BMP. We investigated the combined effects of scaffold architecture (physical cue) and BMP stimulation (biological cue) on bone regeneration. It was hypothesized that a structured scaffold directs tissue organization through structural guidance and load transfer, while BMP stimulation accelerates bone formation without altering the microstructure at different length scales. BMP-loaded medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds were implanted in 30mm tibial defects in sheep. BMP-mediated bone formation after 3 and 12 months was compared with slower bone formation with a scaffold alone after 12 months. A multiscale analysis based on microcomputed tomography, histology, polarized light microscopy, backscattered electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and nanoindentation was used to characterize bone volume, collagen fiber orientation, mineral particle thickness and orientation, and local mechanical properties. Despite different observed kinetics in bone formation, similar structural properties on a microscopic and sub-micron level seem to emerge in both BMP-treated and scaffold only groups. The guiding effect of the scaffold architecture is illustrated through structural differences in bone across different regions. In the vicinity of the scaffold increased tissue organization is observed at 3 months. Loading along the long bone axis transferred through the scaffold defines bone micro- and nanostructure after 12 months.
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22
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Deng Y, Liu X, Xu A, Wang L, Luo Z, Zheng Y, Deng F, Wei J, Tang Z, Wei S. Effect of surface roughness on osteogenesis in vitro and osseointegration in vivo of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone-nanohydroxyapatite composite. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1425-47. [PMID: 25733834 PMCID: PMC4337592 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As United States Food and Drug Administration-approved implantable material, carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses an adjustable elastic modulus similar to cortical bone and is a prime candidate to replace surgical metallic implants. The bioinertness and inferior osteogenic properties of CFRPEEK, however, limit its clinical application as orthopedic/dental implants. In this study, CFRPEEK–nanohydroxyapatite ternary composites (PEEK/n-HA/CF) with variable surface roughness have been successfully fabricated. The effect of surface roughness on their in vitro cellular responses of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells (attachment, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation) and in vivo osseointegration is evaluated. The results show that the hydrophilicity and the amount of Ca ions on the surface are significantly improved as the surface roughness of composite increases. In cell culture tests, the results reveal that the cell proliferation rate and the extent of osteogenic differentiation of cells are a function of the size of surface roughness. The composite with moderate surface roughness significantly increases cell attachment/proliferation and promotes the production of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium nodule formation compared with the other groups. More importantly, the PEEK/n-HA/CF implant with appropriate surface roughness exhibits remarkably enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration in vivo in the animal experiment. These findings will provide critical guidance for the design of CFRPEEK-based implants with optimal roughness to regulate cellular behaviors, and to enhance biocompability and osseointegration. Meanwhile, the PEEK/n-HA/CF ternary composite with optimal surface roughness might hold great potential as bioactive biomaterial for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- 2nd Dental Center, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxiu Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyuan Luo
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- 2nd Dental Center, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- 2nd Dental Center, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- 2nd Dental Center, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ndiaye M, Terranova L, Mallet R, Mabilleau G, Chappard D. Three-dimensional arrangement of β-tricalcium phosphate granules evaluated by microcomputed tomography and fractal analysis. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:404-11. [PMID: 25242650 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The macrophysical properties of granular biomaterials used to fill bone defects have rarely been considered. Granules of a given biomaterial occupy three-dimensional (3-D) space when packed together and create a macroporosity suitable for the invasion of vascular and bone cells. Granules of β-tricalcium phosphate were prepared using polyurethane foam technology and increasing the amount of material powder in the slurry (10, 11, 15, 18, 21 and 25 g). After sintering, granules of 1000-2000 μm were prepared by sieving. They were analyzed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and placed in polyethylene test tubes to produce 3-D scaffolds. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to image the scaffolds and to determine porosity and fractal dimension in three dimensions. Two-dimensional sections of the microCT models were binarized and used to compute classical morphometric parameters describing porosity (interconnectivity index, strut analysis and star volumes) and fractal dimensions. In addition, two newly important fractal parameters (lacunarity and succolarity) were measured. Compression analysis of the stacks of granules was done. Porosity decreased as the amount of material in the slurry increased but non-linear relationships were observed between microarchitectural parameters describing the pores and porosity. Lacunarity increased in the series of granules but succolarity (reflecting the penetration of a fluid) was maximal in the 15-18 g groups and decreased noticeably in the 25 g group. The 3-D arrangement of biomaterial granules studied by these new fractal techniques allows the optimal formulation to be derived based on the lowest amount of material, suitable mechanical resistance during crushing and the creation of large interconnected pores.
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Myelomeningocele: How we can improve the assessment of the most severe form of spina bifida. Brain Res 2014; 1619:84-90. [PMID: 25498106 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a devastating spinal cord birth defect, which results in significant life-long disabilities, impaired quality of life, and difficult medical management. The pathological progression of MMC involves failure in neural tube and vertebral arch closure at early gestational ages, followed by subsequent impairment in spinal cord and vertebral growth during fetal development. MMC is irreversible at term. Thus, prenatal therapeutic strategies that interrupt progressive pathological processes offer an appealing approach for treatment of MMC. However, a thorough understanding of pathological progression of MMC is mandatory for appropriate treatment to be rendered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
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Olubamiji AD, Izadifar Z, Chen DX. Synchrotron Imaging Techniques for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Potential, Current Trends, and Future Directions. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:503-22. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Neldam CA, Pinholt EM. Synchrotron μCT imaging of bone, titanium implants and bone substitutes – A systematic review of the literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:801-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Wang L, He S, Wu X, Liang S, Mu Z, Wei J, Deng F, Deng Y, Wei S. Polyetheretherketone/nano-fluorohydroxyapatite composite with antimicrobial activity and osseointegration properties. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6758-75. [PMID: 24835045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lack of antibacterial activity and binding ability to natural bone tissue has significantly limited polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for many challenging dental implant applications. Here, we have developed a polyetheretherketone/nano-fluorohydroxyapatite (PEEK/nano-FHA) biocomposite with enhanced antibacterial activity and osseointegration through blending method. Smooth and rough surfaces of PEEK/nano-FHA biocomposites were also prepared. Our results showed that in vitro initial cell adhesion and proliferation on the nano-FHA reinforced PEEK composite were improved. In addition, higher alkaline phosphatase activity and cell mineralization were also detected in cells cultured on PEEK/nano-FHA biocomposites, especially for rough PEEK/nano-FHA surfaces. More importantly, the as-prepared PEEK/nano-FHA biocomposite could effectively prevent the proliferation and biofilm formation of bacterial. For in vivo test, the newly formed bone volume of PEEK/nano-FHA group was higher than that of bare PEEK group based on 3D microcomputed tomography and 2D histomorphometric analysis. These reports demonstrate that the developed PEEK/nano-FHA biocomposite has increased biocompatibility and antibacterial activity in vitro, and promoted osseointegration in vivo, which suggests that it holds potential to be applied as dental implant material in dental tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shu He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaomian Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zhonglin Mu
- The Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Nelson CE, Kim AJ, Adolph EJ, Gupta MK, Yu F, Hocking KM, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. Tunable delivery of siRNA from a biodegradable scaffold to promote angiogenesis in vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:607-14, 506. [PMID: 24338842 PMCID: PMC3951880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A system has been engineered for temporally controlled delivery of siRNA from biodegradable tissue regenerative scaffolds. Therapeutic application of this approach to silence prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 promoted expression of pro-angiogenic genes controlled by HIF1α and enhanced scaffold vascularization in vivo. This technology provides a new standard for efficient and controllable gene silencing to modulate host response within regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Arnold J. Kim
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Elizabeth J. Adolph
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Kyle M. Hocking
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | | | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
- Prof. C.L. Duvall, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA,
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Cipitria A, Reichert JC, Epari DR, Saifzadeh S, Berner A, Schell H, Mehta M, Schuetz MA, Duda GN, Hutmacher DW. Polycaprolactone scaffold and reduced rhBMP-7 dose for the regeneration of critical-sized defects in sheep tibiae. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9960-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhao Y, Wong HM, Wang W, Li P, Xu Z, Chong EY, Yan CH, Yeung KW, Chu PK. Cytocompatibility, osseointegration, and bioactivity of three-dimensional porous and nanostructured network on polyetheretherketone. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9264-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The influence of collagen and hyaluronan matrices on the delivery and bioactivity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and ectopic bone formation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9098-106. [PMID: 23871940 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to enhance fracture healing when delivered via a bovine collagen sponge. However, collagen rapidly releases BMP-2 with a high burst phase that is followed by a low sustained phase. As a result, supra-physiological doses of BMP-2 are often required to successfully treat bone defects. High BMP-2 dosing can introduce serious side effects that include edema, bone overgrowth, cyst-like bone formation and significant inflammation. As the release behavior of BMP-2 carriers significantly affects the efficacy of fracture healing, we sought to compare the influence of two BMP-2 delivery matrices with contrasting release profiles on BMP-2 bioactivity and ectopic bone formation. We compared a thiol-modified hyaluronan (Glycosil™) hydrogel that exhibits a low burst followed by a sustained release of BMP-2 to a collagen sponge for the delivery of three different doses of BMP-2, the bioactivities of released BMP-2 and ectopic bone formation. Analysis of bone formation by micro-computed tomography revealed that low burst followed by sustained release of BMP-2 from a hyaluronan hydrogel induced up to 456% more bone compared to a BMP-2 dose-matched collagen sponge that has a high burst and sustained release. This study demonstrates that BMP-2 released with a low burst followed by a sustained release of BMP-2 is more desirable for bone formation. This highlights the therapeutic potential of hydrogels, particularly hyaluronan-based, for the delivery of BMP-2 for the treatment of bone defects and may help abrogate the adverse clinical effects associated with high dose growth factor use.
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Papantoniou I, Sonnaert M, Geris L, Luyten FP, Schrooten J, Kerckhofs G. Three-dimensional characterization of tissue-engineered constructs by contrast-enhanced nanofocus computed tomography. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:177-87. [PMID: 23800097 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To successfully implement tissue-engineered (TE) constructs as part of a clinical therapy, it is necessary to develop quality control tools that will ensure accurate and consistent TE construct release specifications. Hence, advanced methods to monitor TE construct properties need to be further developed. In this study, we showed proof of concept for contrast-enhanced nanofocus computed tomography (CE-nano-CT) as a whole-construct imaging technique with a noninvasive potential that enables three-dimensional (3D) visualization and quantification of in vitro engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) in TE constructs. In particular, we performed a 3D qualitative and quantitative structural and spatial assessment of the in vitro engineered ECM, formed during static and perfusion bioreactor cell culture in 3D TE scaffolds, using two contrast agents, namely, Hexabrix® and phosphotungstic acid (PTA). To evaluate the potential of CE-nano-CT, a comparison was made to standardly used techniques such as Live/Dead viability/cytotoxicity, Picrosirius Red staining, and to net dry weight measurements of the TE constructs. When using Hexabrix as the contrast agent, the ECM volume fitted linearly with the net dry ECM weight independent from the flow rate used, thus suggesting that it stains most of the ECM. When using PTA as the contrast agent, comparing to net weight measurements showed that PTA only stains a part of the ECM. This was attributed to the binding specificity of this contrast agent. In addition, the PTA-stained CE-nano-CT data showed pronounced distinction between flow conditions when compared to Hexabrix, indicating culture-specific structural ECM differences. This novel type of information can contribute to optimize bioreactor culture conditions and potentially critical quality characteristics of TE constructs such as ECM quantity and homogeneity, facilitating the gradual transformation of TE constructs in well-characterized TE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papantoniou
- 1 Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering , KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sabareeswaran A, Basu B, Shenoy SJ, Jaffer Z, Saha N, Stamboulis A. Early osseointegration of a strontium containing glass ceramic in a rabbit model. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9278-86. [PMID: 24050873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The most important property of a bone cement or a bone substitute in load bearing orthopaedic implants is good integration with host bone with reduced bone resorption and increased bone regeneration at the implant interface. Long term implantation of metal-based joint replacements often results in corrosion and particle release, initiating chronic inflammation leading onto osteoporosis of host bone. An alternative solution is the coating of metal implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass or the use of bulk bioglass or HA-based composites. In the above perspective, the present study reports the in vivo biocompatibility and bone healing of the strontium (Sr)-stabilized bulk glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5SiO2-3Al2O3-1.5P2O5-3SrO-2SrF2 during short term implantation of up to 12 weeks in rabbit animal model. The progression of healing and bone regeneration was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using fluorescence microscopy, histological analysis and micro-computed tomography. The overall assessment of the present study establishes that the investigated glass ceramic is biocompatible in vivo with regards to local effects after short term implantation in rabbit animal model. Excellent healing was observed, which is comparable to that seen in response to a commercially available implant of HA-based bioglass alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugan Sabareeswaran
- Histopathology Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695012, India
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Appel AA, Anastasio MA, Larson JC, Brey EM. Imaging challenges in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6615-30. [PMID: 23768903 PMCID: PMC3799904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are employed in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) in order to enhance the regeneration or replacement of tissue function and/or structure. The unique environments resulting from the presence of biomaterials, cells, and tissues result in distinct challenges in regards to monitoring and assessing the results of these interventions. Imaging technologies for three-dimensional (3D) analysis have been identified as a strategic priority in TERM research. Traditionally, histological and immunohistochemical techniques have been used to evaluate engineered tissues. However, these methods do not allow for an accurate volume assessment, are invasive, and do not provide information on functional status. Imaging techniques are needed that enable non-destructive, longitudinal, quantitative, and three-dimensional analysis of TERM strategies. This review focuses on evaluating the application of available imaging modalities for assessment of biomaterials and tissue in TERM applications. Included is a discussion of limitations of these techniques and identification of areas for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Appel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffery C. Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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Loh QL, Choong C. Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:485-502. [PMID: 23672709 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li Loh
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
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Ylä-Soininmäki A, Moritz N, Turco G, Paoletti S, Aro HT. Quantitative characterization of porous commercial and experimental bone graft substitutes with microcomputed tomography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1538-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ylä-Soininmäki
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Niko Moritz
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Clinical Biomaterials-TCBC; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Gianluca Turco
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Hannu T. Aro
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 40:363-408. [PMID: 23339648 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v40.i5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1314] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami R Amini
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Bae H, Puranik AS, Gauvin R, Edalat F, Carrillo-Conde B, Peppas NA, Khademhosseini A. Building vascular networks. Sci Transl Med 2013; 4:160ps23. [PMID: 23152325 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Only a few engineered tissues-skin, cartilage, bladder-have achieved clinical success, and biomaterials designed to replace more complex organs are still far from commercial availability. This gap exists in part because biomaterials lack a vascular network to transfer the oxygen and nutrients necessary for survival and integration after transplantation. Thus, generation of a functional vasculature is essential to the clinical success of engineered tissue constructs and remains a key challenge for regenerative medicine. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in vascularization of biomaterials through the use of biochemical modification, exogenous cells, or microengineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Bae
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Beck A, Nehrbass D, Stoddart MJ, Schiuma D, Green J, Lansdowne JL, Richards RG, Bouré LP. The use of Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) autograft harvest in the treatment of critical-sized iliac wing defects in sheep: investigation of dexamethasone and beta-tricalcium phosphate augmentation. Bone 2013; 53:554-65. [PMID: 23274345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone grafts are commonly used for the treatment of segmental bone defects and fracture non-unions. Recently, osseous particles obtained during intermedullary canal reaming (using a Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator (RIA) device) have been evaluated as graft material during in vitro and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify new bone formation after implantation of bone graft material obtained after reaming of the tibia in a bilateral critical-sized iliac wing defect in sheep and to investigate the effect of the augmentation of this graft. A reamer bone graft alone, or after short term incubation in a dexamethasone enriched solution, and a reamer graft collected using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules in the filter of the RIA collection device were compared to autologous iliac wing graft. In addition, reamer graft was combined with the cellular fraction collected from the irrigation fluid with and without short-term incubation in a dexamethasone enriched solution. It was hypothesized that the amount of physical bone in the reamer bone graft groups would be higher than the amount in the autologous iliac wing graft group and that augmentation of a reamer bone graft would increase bone formation. Three months after implantation, the amount of new bone formation (as percentage of the total defect volume) in the defects was evaluated ex-vivo by means of micro-CT and histomorphometry. The mean amount of bone in the autologous iliac wing graft group was 17.7% and 16.8% for micro-CT and histomorphometry, respectively. The mean amount of bone in all reamer graft groups ranged between 20.4-29.2% (micro-CT) and 17.0-25.4% (histomorphometry). Reamer graft collected using β-TCP granules (29.2±1.7%) in the filter produced a significantly higher amount of bone in comparison to an autologous iliac wing graft evaluated by micro-CT. RIA bone grafts added a small increase in bone volume to the 3month graft volume in this preclinical sheep model. The current model does not support the use of short-term high concentration dexamethasone for augmentation of a graft volume. If avoidance of an iliac wing graft is desirable, or a reaming procedure is required, then a RIA graft or RIA graft plus β-TCP granules are as good as the current gold standard for this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Beck
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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40
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Soki FN, Li X, Berry J, Koh A, Sinder BP, Qian X, Kozloff KM, Taichman RS, McCauley LK. The effects of zoledronic acid in the bone and vasculature support of hematopoietic stem cell niches. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:67-78. [PMID: 22833499 PMCID: PMC3593195 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are maintained in a tightly regulated bone microenvironment constituted by a rich milieu of cells. Bone cells such as osteoblasts are associated with niche maintenance as regulators of the endosteal microenvironment. Bone remodeling also plays a role in HSC mobilization although it is poorly defined. The effects of zoledronic acid (ZA), a potent bisphosphonate that inhibits bone resorption, were investigated on bone marrow cell populations focusing on HSCs, and the endosteal and vascular niches in bone. ZA treatment significantly increased bone volume and HSCs in both young and adult mice (4 week and 4 month old, respectively). ZA increased vessel numbers with no overall change in vascular volume in bones of young and had no effect on vasculature in adult mice. Since both young and adult mice had increased HSCs and bone mass with differing vasculature responses, this suggests that ZA indirectly supports HSCs via the osteoblastic niche and not the vascular niche. Additionally, gene expression in Lin- cells demonstrated increased expression of self-renewal-related genes Bmi1 and Ink4a suggesting a role of ZA in the modulation of cell commitment and differentiation toward a long-term self-renewing cell. Genes that support the osteoblastic niche, BMP2 and BMP6 were also augmented in ZA treated mice. In conclusion, ZA-induced HSC expansion occurs independent of the vascular niche via indirect modulation of the osteoblastic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana N. Soki
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Li
- Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Janice Berry
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin P. Sinder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Voronov RS, VanGordon SB, Shambaugh RL, Papavassiliou DV, Sikavitsas VI. 3D tissue-engineered construct analysis via conventional high-resolution microcomputed tomography without X-ray contrast. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:327-35. [PMID: 23020551 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the field of tissue engineering develops, researchers are faced with a large number of degrees of freedom regarding the choice of material, architecture, seeding, and culturing. To evaluate the effectiveness of a tissue-engineered strategy, histology is typically done by physically slicing and staining a construct (crude, time-consuming, and unreliable). However, due to recent advances in high-resolution biomedical imaging, microcomputed tomography (μCT) has arisen as a quick and effective way to evaluate samples, while preserving their structure in the original state. However, a major barrier for using μCT to do histology has been its inability to differentiate between materials with similar X-ray attenuation. Various contrasting strategies (hardware and chemical staining agents) have been proposed to address this problem, but at a cost of additional complexity and limited access. Instead, here we suggest a strategy for how virtual 3D histology in silico can be conducted using conventional μCT, and we provide an illustrative example from bone tissue engineering. The key to our methodology is an implementation of scaffold surface architecture that is ordered in relation to cells and tissue, in concert with straightforward image-processing techniques, to minimize the reliance on contrasting for material segmentation. In the case study reported, μCT was used to image and segment porous poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fiber mesh scaffolds that were seeded dynamically with mesenchymal stem cells and cultured to produce soft tissue and mineralized tissue in a flow perfusion bioreactor using an osteogenic medium. The methodology presented herein paves a new way for tissue engineers to identify and distinguish components of cell/tissue/scaffold constructs to easily and effectively evaluate the tissue-engineering strategies that generate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Voronov
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Reichert JC, Cipitria A, Epari DR, Saifzadeh S, Krishnakanth P, Berner A, Woodruff MA, Schell H, Mehta M, Schuetz MA, Duda GN, Hutmacher DW. A tissue engineering solution for segmental defect regeneration in load-bearing long bones. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:141ra93. [PMID: 22764209 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction of large defects (>10 mm) in humans usually relies on bone graft transplantation. Limiting factors include availability of graft material, comorbidity, and insufficient integration into the damaged bone. We compare the gold standard autograft with biodegradable composite scaffolds consisting of medical-grade polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate combined with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7). Critical-sized defects in sheep--a model closely resembling human bone formation and structure--were treated with autograft, rhBMP-7, or MSCs. Bridging was observed within 3 months for both the autograft and the rhBMP-7 treatment. After 12 months, biomechanical analysis and microcomputed tomography imaging showed significantly greater bone formation and superior strength for the biomaterial scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-7 compared to the autograft. Axial bone distribution was greater at the interfaces. With rhBMP-7, at 3 months, the radial bone distribution within the scaffolds was homogeneous. At 12 months, however, significantly more bone was found in the scaffold architecture, indicating bone remodeling. Scaffolds alone or with MSC inclusion did not induce levels of bone formation comparable to those of the autograft and rhBMP-7 groups. Applied clinically, this approach using rhBMP-7 could overcome autograft-associated limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Reichert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
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43
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He Q, Chen H, Huang L, Dong J, Guo D, Mao M, Kong L, Li Y, Wu Z, Lei W. Porous surface modified bioactive bone cement for enhanced bone bonding. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42525. [PMID: 22905143 PMCID: PMC3414445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement cannot provide an adhesive chemical bonding to form a stable cement-bone interface. Bioactive bone cements show bone bonding ability, but their clinical application is limited because bone resorption is observed after implantation. Porous polymethylmethacrylate can be achieved with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose, alginate and gelatin microparticles to promote bone ingrowth, but the mechanical properties are too low to be used in orthopedic applications. Bone ingrowth into cement could decrease the possibility of bone resorption and promote the formation of a stable interface. However, scarce literature is reported on bioactive bone cements that allow bone ingrowth. In this paper, we reported a porous surface modified bioactive bone cement with desired mechanical properties, which could allow for bone ingrowth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The porous surface modified bioactive bone cement was evaluated to determine its handling characteristics, mechanical properties and behavior in a simulated body fluid. The in vitro cellular responses of the samples were also investigated in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, bone ingrowth was examined in a rabbit femoral condyle defect model by using micro-CT imaging and histological analysis. The strength of the implant-bone interface was also investigated by push-out tests. RESULTS The modified bone cement with a low content of bioactive fillers resulted in proper handling characteristics and adequate mechanical properties, but slightly affected its bioactivity. Moreover, the degree of attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast cells was also increased. The results of the push-out test revealed that higher interfacial bonding strength was achieved with the modified bone cement because of the formation of the apatite layer and the osseointegration after implantation in the bony defect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested a new bioactive bone cement for prosthetic fixation in total joint replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Health Service, School of Public Health and Military Preventive, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dagang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lei
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Park SI, Liao J, Berry JE, Li X, Koh AJ, Michalski ME, Eber MR, Soki FN, Sadler D, Sud S, Tisdelle S, Daignault SD, Nemeth JA, Snyder LA, Wronski TJ, Pienta KJ, McCauley LK. Cyclophosphamide creates a receptive microenvironment for prostate cancer skeletal metastasis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2522-32. [PMID: 22589273 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of cancers predominantly metastasize to bone, due to its complex microenvironment and multiple types of constitutive cells. Prostate cancer especially has been shown to localize preferentially to bones with higher marrow cellularity. Using an experimental prostate cancer metastasis model, we investigated the effects of cyclophosphamide, a bone marrow-suppressive chemotherapeutic drug, on the development and growth of metastatic tumors in bone. Priming the murine host with cyclophosphamide before intracardiac tumor cell inoculation was found to significantly promote tumor localization and subsequent growth in bone. Shortly after cyclophosphamide treatment, there was an abrupt expansion of myeloid lineage cells in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood, associated with increases in cytokines with myelogenic potential such as C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)2, interleukin (IL)-6, and VEGF-A. More importantly, neutralizing host-derived murine CCL2, but not IL-6, in the premetastatic murine host significantly reduced the prometastatic effects of cyclophosphamide. Together, our findings suggest that bone marrow perturbation by cytotoxic chemotherapy can contribute to bone metastasis via a transient increase in bone marrow myeloid cells and myelogenic cytokines. These changes can be reversed by inhibition of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serk In Park
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nukavarapu SP, Amini AR. Optimal scaffold design and effective progenitor cell identification for the regeneration of vascularized bone. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:2464-7. [PMID: 22254840 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering offers perhaps the most attractive treatment option for bone repair/regeneration as it eliminates complications of other bone grafting options (i.e., availability and immunogenicity issues of autografts and allografts, respectively). However, scaffold-based bone tissue engineering is largely limited by inadequate vascaularization, and as a result, bone formation is often restricted to the construct's periphery. In this study, we offer a two-pronged approach to overcome periphery-limited bone and vascular formation. We have developed optimally designed, mechanically strong, biodegradable scaffolds with increased porosity and interconnectivity. We have also identified and isolated superior, clinically-relevant cell populations (peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)). In combination, we have developed a synthetic graft system suitable for the regeneration of vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam P Nukavarapu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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46
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Heljak MK, Swięszkowski W, Lam CXF, Hutmacher DW, Kurzydłowski KJ. Evolutionary design of bone scaffolds with reference to material selection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2012; 28:789-800. [PMID: 25364851 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The favourable scaffold for bone tissue engineering should have desired characteristic features, such as adequate mechanical strength and three-dimensional open porosity, which guarantee a suitable environment for tissue regeneration. In fact, the design of such complex structures like bone scaffolds is a challenge for investigators. One of the aims is to achieve the best possible mechanical strength-degradation rate ratio. In this paper we attempt to use numerical modelling to evaluate material properties for designing bone tissue engineering scaffold fabricated via the fused deposition modelling technique. For our studies the standard genetic algorithm was used, which is an efficient method of discrete optimization. For the fused deposition modelling scaffold, each individual strut is scrutinized for its role in the architecture and structural support it provides for the scaffold, and its contribution to the overall scaffold was studied. The goal of the study was to create a numerical tool that could help to acquire the desired behaviour of tissue engineered scaffolds and our results showed that this could be achieved efficiently by using different materials for individual struts. To represent a great number of ways in which scaffold mechanical function loss could proceed, the exemplary set of different desirable scaffold stiffness loss function was chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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47
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Osseointegration of hollow porous titanium prostheses loaded with cancellous bone matrix in rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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48
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Milner PI, Clegg PD, Stewart MC. Stem cell-based therapies for bone repair. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2012; 27:299-314. [PMID: 21872760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the cellular and molecular events involved in bone repair and the current approaches to using stem cells as an adjunct to this process. The article emphasizes the key role of osteoprogenitor cells in the formation of bone and where the clinical applications of current research may lend themselves to large animal orthopaedics. The processes involved in osteogenic differentiation are presented and strategies for bone formation, including induction by osteogenic factors, bioscaffolds, and gene therapy, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Milner
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
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49
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Wu HB, Haugen HJ, Wintermantel E. Supercritical CO2 in injection molding can produce open porous polyurethane scaffolds – a parameter study. J CELL PLAST 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x11432970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several methods of producing open porous polymer structures for medical use. However, very few are applicable to industries and are therefore limited to both number of samples and batch variations. This study presents an industrial microcellular injection molding process, known as MuCell® technology, which was used to produce highly porous scaffolds of thermoplastic polyurethane. A parameter study was performed to quantify and analyze the effect of the processing parameters on the porous structure. Six key parameters (gas content, weight reduction, injection speed, mold temperature, plasticizing pressure, and temperature) were tested with an iteration method. The pore structure was determined with advanced micro Computer Tomography algorithm. All key processing parameters were identified. Gas content and weight reduction showed a more profound effect on the pore morphology than other parameters on the pore structure. It was possible to produce scaffolds with open porosity as high as 71%. The study concludes that MuCell® technology is an accurate and liable production method for large-scale production of open porous thermoplastic polyurethane scaffolds, and supercritical fluid could, therefore, be a potential production method for polymer scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Wu
- Department and Chair for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109, Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erich Wintermantel
- Department and Chair for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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50
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Recent progress in cartilage tissue engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:734-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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