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Ameer G, Keate R, Bury M, Mendez-Santos M, Gerena A, Goedegebuure M, Rivnay J, Sharma A. Cell-free biodegradable electroactive scaffold for urinary bladder regeneration. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3817836. [PMID: 38352487 PMCID: PMC10862962 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3817836/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering heavily relies on cell-seeded scaffolds to support the complex biological and mechanical requirements of a target organ. However, in addition to safety and efficacy, translation of tissue engineering technology will depend on manufacturability, affordability, and ease of adoption. Therefore, there is a need to develop scalable biomaterial scaffolds with sufficient bioactivity to eliminate the need for exogenous cell seeding. Herein, we describe synthesis, characterization, and implementation of an electroactive biodegradable elastomer for urinary bladder tissue engineering. To create an electrically conductive and mechanically robust scaffold to support bladder tissue regeneration, we developed a phase-compatible functionalization method wherein the hydrophobic conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was polymerized in situ within a similarly hydrophobic citrate-based elastomer poly(octamethylene-citrate-co-octanol) (POCO) film. We demonstrate the efficacy of this film as a scaffold for bladder augmentation in athymic rats, comparing PEDOT-POCO scaffolds to mesenchymal stromal cell-seeded POCO scaffolds. PEDOT-POCO recovered bladder function and anatomical structure comparably to the cell-seeded POCO scaffolds and significantly better than non-cell seeded POCO scaffolds. This manuscript reports: (1) a new phase-compatible functionalization method that confers electroactivity to a biodegradable elastic scaffold, and (2) the successful restoration of the anatomy and function of an organ using a cell-free electroactive scaffold.
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Derhambakhsh S, Mohammadi J, Shokrgozar MA, Rabbani H, Sadeghi N, Nekounam H, Mohammadi S, Lee KB, Khakbiz M. Investigation of electrical stimulation on phenotypic vascular smooth muscle cells differentiation in tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular graft. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:101996. [PMID: 36657256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the development of vascular tissue engineering, particularly in the case of small diameter vessels, one of the key obstacles is the blockage of these veins once they enter the in vivo environment. One of the contributing factors to this problem is the aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media layer of the artery to the interior of the channel. Two distinct phenotypes have been identified for smooth muscle cells, namely synthetic and contractile. Since the synthetic phenotype plays an essential role in the unusual growth and migration, the aim of this study was to convert the synthetic phenotype into the contractile one, which is a solution to prevent the abnormal growth of VSMCs. To achieve this goal, these cells were subjected to electrical signals, using a 1000 μA sinusoidal stimulation at 10 Hz for four days, with 20 min duration per 24 h. The morphological transformations and changes in the expression of vimentin, nestin, and β-actin proteins were then studied using ICC and flow cytometry assays. Also, the expression of VSMC specific markers such as smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) and smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA) were evaluated using RT-PCR test. In the final phase of this study, the sheep decellularized vessel was employed as a scaffold for seeding these cells. Based on the results, electrical stimulation resulted in some morphological alterations in VSMCs. Furthermore, the observed reductions in the expression levels of vimentin, nestin and β-actin proteins and increase in the expression of SMMHC and α-SMA markers showed that it is possible to convert the synthetic phenotype to the contractile one using the studied regime of electrical stimulation. Finally, it can be concluded that electrical stimulation can significantly affect the phenotype of VSMCs, as demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Derhambakhsh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 439957131, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 439957131, Iran.
| | | | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houra Nekounam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sotoudeh Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 439957131, Iran.
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Khaw JS, Xue R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Electrical stimulation of titanium to promote stem cell orientation, elongation and osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:204-217. [PMID: 34390847 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of cells allows exogenous electric signals as stimuli to manipulate cell growth, preferential orientation and bone remodelling. In this study, commercially pure titanium discs were utilised in combination with a custom-built bioreactor to investigate the cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells via in-vitro functional assays. Finite element analysis revealed the homogeneous delivery of electric field in the bioreactor chamber with no detection of current density fluctuation in the proposed model. The custom-built bioreactor with capacitive stimulation delivery system features long-term stimulation with homogeneous electric field, biocompatible, sterilisable, scalable design and cost-effective in the manufacturing process. Using a continuous stimulation regime of 100 and 200 mV/mm on cp Ti discs, viability tests revealed up to an approximately 5-fold increase of cell proliferation rate as compared to non-stimulated controls. The human mesenchymal stem cells showed more elongated and differentiated morphology under this regime, with evidence of nuclear elongation and cytoskeletal orientation perpendicular to the direction of electric field. The continuous stimulation did not cause pH fluctuations and hydrogen peroxide production caused by Faradic reactions, signifying the suitability for long-term toxic free stimulation as opposed to the commonly used direct stimulation regime. An approximate of 4-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase production and approximately 9-fold increase of calcium deposition were observed on 200 mV/mm exposed samples relative to non-stimulated controls. It is worth noting that early stem cell differentiation and matrix production were observed under the said electric field even without the presence of chemical inductive growth factors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript presents a study on combining pure titanium (primarily preferred as medical implant materials) and electrical stimulation in a purpose-built bioreactor with capacitive stimulation delivery system. A continuous capacitive stimulation regime on titanium disc has resulted in enhanced stem cell orientation, nuclei elongation, proliferation and differentiation as compared to non-stimulated controls. We believe that this manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies on the evolution of healthcare treatments in the area of targeted therapy on implantable and wearable medical devices through tailored innovative electrical stimulation approach, thereby influencing therapeutic conductive and electroactive biomaterials research prospects and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shong Khaw
- The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ruikang Xue
- The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nigel J Cassidy
- Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- The Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Yan L, Kageyama T, Zhang B, Yamashita S, Molino PJ, Wallace GG, Fukuda J. Electrical stimulation to human dermal papilla cells for hair regenerative medicine. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:281-290. [PMID: 35034849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are specialized mesenchymal cells that play pivotal roles in hair formation, growth, and cycles, and they are considered as a cell source in hair regenerative medicine. Rodent dermal papilla cells have been shown to induce de novo hair follicle generation in the skin of recipients following transplantation, suggesting that dermal papilla cells can reprogram epidermal microenvironments. However, human DPCs (hDPCs) lose their ability to generate de novo hair follicles under conventional culture methods. We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on hDPCs to restore the depressed trichogenic activity. We demonstrated that ES with a polypyrrole (PPy)-modified electrode upregulated trichogenic gene expression in hDPCs in vitro, and the activated cells when transplanted into mice generated double the number of hairs compared to that without the ES. Using specific inhibitors, we revealed that the mechanisms behind the electrical activation are associated with voltage-gated ion channels. Further, ES can be adapted for hDPCs from a patient with androgenic alopecia. Thus, this approach is potentially beneficial in preparing hDPCs for hair regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamashita
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Paul J Molino
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
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Ferrigno B, Bordett R, Duraisamy N, Moskow J, Arul MR, Rudraiah S, Nukavarapu SP, Vella AT, Kumbar SG. Bioactive polymeric materials and electrical stimulation strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:468-485. [PMID: 32280836 PMCID: PMC7139146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is predominantly used as a physical therapy modality to promote tissue healing and functional recovery. Research efforts in both laboratory and clinical settings have shown the beneficial effects of this technique for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, which include muscle, bone, skin, nerve, tendons, and ligaments. The collective findings of these studies suggest ES enhances cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, secretion of several cytokines, and vasculature development leading to better tissue regeneration in multiple tissues. However, there is still a gap in the clinical relevance for ES to better repair tissue interfaces, as ES applied clinically is ineffective on deeper tissue. The use of a conducting material can transmit the stimulation applied from skin electrodes to the desired tissue and lead to an increased function on the repair of that tissue. Ionically conductive (IC) polymeric scaffolds in conjunction with ES may provide solutions to utilize this approach effectively. Injectable IC formulations and their scaffolds may provide solutions for applying ES into difficult to reach tissue types to enable tissue repair and regeneration. A better understanding of ES-mediated cell differentiation and associated molecular mechanisms including the immune response will allow standardization of procedures applicable for the next generation of regenerative medicine. ES, along with the use of IC scaffolds is more than sufficient for use as a treatment option for single tissue healing and may fulfill a role in interfacing multiple tissue types during the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ferrigno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nithyadevi Duraisamy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Moskow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael R. Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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6
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Rastin H, Zhang B, Mazinani A, Hassan K, Bi J, Tung TT, Losic D. 3D bioprinting of cell-laden electroconductive MXene nanocomposite bioinks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16069-16080. [PMID: 32579663 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, a new family of burgeoning two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, have been extensively explored in recent years owing to their outstanding properties such as a large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, low toxicity, and biodegradability. Numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring MXenes for various biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. However, the potential application of MXene nanosheets in tissue engineering has been almost overlooked despite their excellent performance in other biomedical applications. The overarching goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of MXene cell-laden bioinks for tissue engineering and their ability to assemble functional scaffolds to regenerate damaged tissue via 3D bioprinting. We formulate a new electroconductive cell-laden bioink composed of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets dispersed homogeneously within hyaluronic acid/alginate (HA/Alg) hydrogels and showed its performance for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. The prepared hydrogel bioinks with MXenes display excellent rheological properties, which allows the fabrication of multilayered 3D structures with high resolution and shape retention. Moreover, the introduction of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets within the HA/Alg hydrogel introduces electrical conductivity to the ink, addressing the poor electrical conductivity of the current bioinks that mismatch with the physico-chemical properties of tissue. In addition, the MXene nanocomposite ink with encapsulated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells displayed high cell viability (>95%) in both bulk hydrogel and 3D bioprinted structures. These results suggest that MXene nanocomposite bioinks and their 3D bioprinting with high electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and degradability can synergize some new applications for tissue and neural engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Arash Mazinani
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Prasopthum A, Deng Z, Khan IM, Yin Z, Guo B, Yang J. Three dimensional printed degradable and conductive polymer scaffolds promote chondrogenic differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4287-4298. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a conductive and biodegradable 3D printed polymer scaffold that promotes chondrogenic differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The conductive material consists of tetraniline-b-polycaprolactone-b-tetraaniline and polycaprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Prasopthum
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Zexing Deng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research
- College of Stomatology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Centre of Nanohealth
- Swansea University Medical School
- Swansea
- UK
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research
- College of Stomatology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Biodiscovery Institute
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Distler T, Boccaccini AR. 3D printing of electrically conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering and biosensors - A review. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:1-13. [PMID: 31476385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conductive biomaterials are gaining increasing interest owing to their potential to be used in smart, biosensoric and functional tissue-engineered scaffolds and implants. In combination with 3D printing technology, this class of materials might be one of the most advanced approaches towards future medical implants regarding potential functionalities and design possibilities. Conductive hydrogels themselves have been researched for potential sensoric and tissue engineering applications for more than a decade, while the 3D printing of such functional materials is still under early exploration. This review aims to provide a short insight into the most recent developments of 3D printable and electrically conductive hydrogels. It also provides a summary of the last few years of research in this field, with key scope on 3D printing for biomedical applications. The final literature search was conducted in May 2019, with the specific keywords '3D', 'printing', 'conductive', 'hydrogel', 'biocompatible' and combinations of the latter, using advanced search in the databases Scopus®, Web of Science® (Web of Knowledge®) and Google Scholar®. A total of 491 results were gained, while 19 recent publications were identified with the above-mentioned criteria and keywords, which are the studies finally discussed in the paper. The key results have been summarised, and the remaining challenges in the field and the scope for future research activities have been discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels are among the most frequently used biomaterials in tissue engineering (TE). A new class of hydrogels, namely, electrically conductive hydrogels (ECHs), has been introduced in recent years. Although ECHs have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature, the combination of ECHs with 3D printing technology has emerged only recently, representing a promising key development toward the fabrication of functional 3D TE constructs. In this review, we cover for the first time the state of the art in the field of 3D printing of ECHs. Previous advances are presented, reviewing the 3D printing technologies utilised, spatial resolution and electrical conductivity values achieved, in addition to discussing the obtained mechanical properties and emerging applications of these materials.
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Rastin H, Zhang B, Bi J, Hassan K, Tung TT, Losic D. 3D printing of cell-laden electroconductive bioinks for tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5862-5876. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging powerful fabrication method, which enables the rapid assembly of 3D bioconstructs with dispensing cell-laden bioinks in pre-designed locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
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Dong R, Ma PX, Guo B. Conductive biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 229:119584. [PMID: 31704468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tissues are soft tissues that are of great importance in force generation, body movements, postural support and internal organ function. Muscle tissue injuries would not only result in the physical and psychological pain and disability to the patient, but also become a severe social problem due to the heavy financial burden they laid on the governments. Current treatments for muscle tissue injuries all have their own severe limitations and muscle tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat with this problem. Conductive biomaterials are good candidates as scaffolds in muscle tissue engineering due to their proper conductivity and their promotion on muscle tissue formation. However, a review of conductive biomaterials function in muscle tissue engineering, including the skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue regeneration is still lacking. Here we reviewed the recent progress of conductive biomaterials for muscle regeneration. The recent synthesis and fabrication methods of conductive scaffolds containing conductive polymers (mainly polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), carbon-based nanomaterials (mainly graphene and carbon nanotube), and metal-based biomaterials were systematically discussed, and their application in a variety of forms (such as hydrogels, films, nanofibers, and porous scaffolds) for different kinds of muscle tissues formation (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle) were summarized. Furthermore, the mechanism of how the conductive biomaterials affect the muscle tissue formation was discussed and the future development directions were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Dong
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peter X Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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11
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Sánchez-Pech JC, Rosales-Ibáñes R, Cauich-Rodriguez JV, Carrillo-Escalante HJ, Rodríguez-Navarrete A, Avila-Ortega A, Hernández-Sánchez F. Design, synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of PCL/PLGA scaffolds through plasma treatment in the presence of pyrrole for possible use in urethral tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:840-850. [PMID: 31630603 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219882638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñes
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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12
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Saberi A, Jabbari F, Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Electrically Conductive Materials: Opportunities and Challenges in Tissue Engineering. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E448. [PMID: 31487913 PMCID: PMC6770812 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering endeavors to regenerate tissues and organs through appropriate cellular and molecular interactions at biological interfaces. To this aim, bio-mimicking scaffolds have been designed and practiced to regenerate and repair dysfunctional tissues by modifying cellular activity. Cellular activity and intracellular signaling are performances given to a tissue as a result of the function of elaborated electrically conductive materials. In some cases, conductive materials have exhibited antibacterial properties; moreover, such materials can be utilized for on-demand drug release. Various types of materials ranging from polymers to ceramics and metals have been utilized as parts of conductive tissue engineering scaffolds, having conductivity assortments from a range of semi-conductive to conductive. The cellular and molecular activity can also be affected by the microstructure; therefore, the fabrication methods should be evaluated along with an appropriate selection of conductive materials. This review aims to address the research progress toward the use of electrically conductive materials for the modulation of cellular response at the material-tissue interface for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Saberi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box: 31787-316 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Jabbari
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box: 31787-316 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, P.O. Box: 5756151818-165 Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), P.O Box: 14665-354 Tehran, Iran.
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Spencer AR, Sani ES, Soucy JR, Corbet CC, Primbetova A, Koppes RA, Annabi N. Bioprinting of a Cell-Laden Conductive Hydrogel Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30518-30533. [PMID: 31373791 PMCID: PMC11017381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting has gained significant attention for creating biomimetic tissue constructs with potential to be used in biomedical applications such as drug screening or regenerative medicine. Ideally, biomaterials used for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting should match the mechanical, hydrostatic, bioelectric, and physicochemical properties of the native tissues. However, many materials with these tissue-like properties are not compatible with printing techniques without modifying their compositions. In addition, integration of cell-laden biomaterials with bioprinting methodologies that preserve their physicochemical properties remains a challenge. In this work, a biocompatible conductive hydrogel composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was synthesized and bioprinted to form complex, 3D cell-laden structures. The biofabricated conductive hydrogels were formed by an initial cross-linking step of the PEDOT:PSS with bivalent calcium ions and a secondary photopolymerization step with visible light to cross-link the GelMA component. These modifications enabled tuning the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, with Young's moduli ranging from ∼40-150 kPa, as well as tunable conductivity by varying the concentration of PEDOT:PSS. In addition, the hydrogels degraded in vivo with no substantial inflammatory responses as demonstrated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescent staining of subcutaneously implanted samples in Wistar rats. The parameters for forming a slurry of microgel particles to support 3D bioprinting of the engineered cell-laden hydrogel were optimized to form constructs with improved resolution. High cytocompatibility and cell spreading were demonstrated in both wet-spinning and 3D bioprinting of cell-laden hydrogels with the new conductive hydrogel-based bioink and printing methodology. The synergy of an advanced fabrication method and conductive hydrogel presented here is promising for engineering complex conductive and cell-laden structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Spencer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carolyn C. Corbet
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Asel Primbetova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ryan A. Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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14
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Heffernan MA, O’Reilly EJ. Rapid microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a semiconducting polymer with pKa tuneable degradation properties. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Sanchez Ramirez DO, Varesano A, Carletto RA, Vineis C, Perelshtein I, Natan M, Perkas N, Banin E, Gedanken A. Antibacterial properties of polypyrrole-treated fabrics by ultrasound deposition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:164-170. [PMID: 31146987 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial textiles can contribute to the fighting against antibiotic resistance pathogenic microorganisms. Polypyrrole is a conjugated polymer that exerts a biocidal action thanks to positive charges on its backbone chain produced during it synthesis. In this work, dispersions of stable polypyrrole nanoparticles were produced by chemical oxidative polymerization at room temperature in water. An ultrasound-assisted coating process was then used to effectively treat a polyester fabric with the nanoparticles to obtain an optimal antibacterial coating which efficiently eradicates the bacteria. The results showed that the treated fabric with about 4 g/m2 of polypyrrole had log bacteria reductions of 6.0 against Staphylococcus aureus and 7.5 against Escherichia coli. The combination of a polypyrrole synthesis in the form of water nanoparticles dispersions and a continuous coating of fabrics supported by ultrasound overcomes some issues of upscaling of the traditional in-situ chemical deposition used until now for the production of polypyrrole-coated textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Varesano
- CNR-ISMAC, Institute for Macromolecular Studies, C.so G. Pella 16, 13900, Biella, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Vineis
- CNR-ISMAC, Institute for Macromolecular Studies, C.so G. Pella 16, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michal Natan
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nina Perkas
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ehud Banin
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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16
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Hussain I, Sayed SM, Liu S, Oderinde O, Kang M, Yao F, Fu G. Enhancing the mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency of hydroxyethyl cellulose-based conductive hydrogels via supramolecular interactions. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Effective gamma-ray sterilization and characterization of conductive polypyrrole biomaterials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3721. [PMID: 29487343 PMCID: PMC5829140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPy), have been extensively explored to fabricate electrically conductive biomaterials for bioelectrodes and tissue engineering scaffolds. For their in vivo uses, a sterilization method without severe impairment of original material properties and performance is necessary. Gamma-ray radiation has been commonly applied for sterilization of medical products because of its simple and uniform sterilization without heat generation. Herein we describe the first study on gamma-ray sterilization of PPy bioelectrodes and its effects on their characteristics. We irradiated PPy bioelectrodes with different doses (0–75 kGy) of gamma-rays. Gamma-ray irradiation of the PPy (γ-PPy) increased the oxygenation and hydrophilicity of the surfaces. Interestingly, gamma-ray irradiation did not alter the electrical impedances and conductivities of the PPy substrates. Additionally, γ-PPy prepared with various dopants (e.g., para-toluene sulfonate, polystyrene sulfonate, and chlorine) showed the electrochemical properties similar to the non-irradiated control. Gamma-ray irradiation at doses of ≥15 kGy was required for effective sterilization as evidenced by complete eradication of gram positive and negative bacteria. γ-PPy substrates also showed cytocompatibility similar to untreated control PPy, indicating no substantial alteration of cytocompatibility. In conclusion, gamma ray sterilization is a viable method of sterilization of conducting polymer-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.
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18
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Liu Z, Dong L, Wang L, Wang X, Cheng K, Luo Z, Weng W. Mediation of cellular osteogenic differentiation through daily stimulation time based on polypyrrole planar electrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17926. [PMID: 29263335 PMCID: PMC5738366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In electrical stimulation (ES), daily stimulation time means the interacting duration with cells per day, and is a vital factor for mediating cellular function. In the present study, the effect of stimulation time on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was investigated under ES on polypyrrole (Ppy) planar interdigitated electrodes (IDE). The results demonstrated that only a suitable daily stimulation time supported to obviously upregulate the expression of ALP protein and osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, Col-I, Runx2 and OCN), while a short or long daily stimulation time showed no significant outcomes. These might be attributed to the mechanism that an ES induced transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, which was responsible for activating calcium ion signaling pathway to enhance cellular osteogenic differentiation. A shorter daily time could lead to insufficient duration for the transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration, and a longer daily time could give rise to cellular fatigue with no transient change. This work therefore provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of cell responses to ES and will have an impact on further designing materials to mediate cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongkuan Luo
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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19
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Bonisoli A, Marino A, Ciofani G, Greco F. Topographical and Electrical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells through Microwrinkled Conducting Polymer Biointerfaces. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28815971 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of smart biointerfaces combining multiple functions is crucial for triggering a variety of cellular responses. In this work, wrinkled organic interfaces based on the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) are developed with the aim to simultaneously convey electrical and topographical stimuli to cultured cells. The surface wrinkling of thin films on heat-shrink polymer sheets allows for rapid patterning of self-assembled anisotropic topographies characterized by micro/sub-microscale aligned wrinkles. The developed interfaces prove to support the growth and differentiation of neural cells (SH-SY5Y, human neuroblastoma) and are remarkably effective in promoting axonal guidance, by guiding and stimulating the neurite growth in differentiating cells. Electrical stimulation with biphasic pulses delivered through the conductive wrinkled interface is found to further promote the neurite growth, demonstrating the suitability of such interfaces as platforms for conveying multiple stimuli to cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bonisoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Björninen M, Gilmore K, Pelto J, Seppänen-Kaijansinkko R, Kellomäki M, Miettinen S, Wallace G, Grijpma D, Haimi S. Electrically Stimulated Adipose Stem Cells on Polypyrrole-Coated Scaffolds for Smooth Muscle Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1015-1026. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Salahuddin N, Elbarbary AA, Alkabes HA. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of loaded quinazolinone polypyrrole/chitosan silver chloride nanocomposite. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1201831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Salahuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elbarbary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend A. Alkabes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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22
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Carquigny S, Lakard B, Lakard S, Moutarlier V, Hihn JY, Viau L. Investigation of pharmaceutically active ionic liquids as electrolyte for the electrosynthesis of polypyrrole and active component in controlled drug delivery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Wu Y, Chen YX, Yan J, Quinn D, Dong P, Sawyer SW, Soman P. Fabrication of conductive gelatin methacrylate-polyaniline hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:122-30. [PMID: 26821341 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with inherently conductive properties have been recently developed for tissue engineering applications, to serve as bioactive scaffolds to electrically stimulate cells and modulate their function. In this work, we have used interfacial polymerization of aniline monomers within gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to develop a conductive hybrid composite. We demonstrate that as compared to pure GelMA, GelMA-polyaniline (GelMA-Pani) composite has similar swelling properties and compressive modulus, comparable cell adhesion and spreading responses, and superior electrical properties. Additionally, we demonstrate that GelMA-Pani composite can be printed in complex user-defined geometries using digital projection stereolithography, and will be useful in developing next-generation bioelectrical interfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We report the fabrication of a conductive hydrogel using naturally-derived gelatin methyacrylate (GelMA) and inherently conductive polyaniline (Pani). This work is significant, as GelMA-Pani composite has superior electrical properties as compared to pure Gelma, all the while maintaining biomimetic physical and biocompatible properties. Moreover, the ability to fabricate conductive-GelMA in complex user-defined micro-geometries, address the significant processing challenges associated with all inherently conductive polymers including Pani. The methodology described in this work can be extended to several conductive polymers and hydrogels, to develop new biocompatible electrically active interfaces.
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24
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Wang Q, Wang Q, Teng W. Injectable, degradable, electroactive nanocomposite hydrogels containing conductive polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:131-44. [PMID: 26792990 PMCID: PMC4708196 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s94777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable electroactive hydrogels (eGels) are promising in regenerative medicine and drug delivery, however, it is still a challenge to obtain such hydrogels simultaneously possessing other properties including uniform structure, degradability, robustness, and biocompatibility. An emerging strategy to endow hydrogels with desirable properties is to incorporate functional nanoparticles in their network. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of an injectable hydrogel based on oxidized alginate (OA) crosslinking gelatin reinforced by electroactive tetraaniline-graft-OA nanoparticles (nEOAs), where nEOAs are expected to impart electroactivity besides reinforcement without significantly degrading the other properties of hydrogels. Assays of transmission electron microscopy, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering reveal that EOA can spontaneously and quickly self-assemble into robust nanoparticles in water, and this nanoparticle structure can be kept at pH 3~9. Measurement of the gel time by rheometer and the stir bar method confirms the formation of the eGels, and their gel time is dependent on the weight content of nEOAs. As expected, adding nEOAs to hydrogels does not cause the phase separation (scanning electron microscopy observation), but it improves mechanical strength up to ~8 kPa and conductivity up to ~10(-6) S/cm in our studied range. Incubating eGels in phosphate-buffered saline leads to their further swelling with an increase of water content <6% and gradual degradation. When growing mesenchymal stem cells on eGels with nEOA content ≤14%, the growth curves and morphology of cells were found to be similar to that on tissue culture plastic; when implanting these eGels on a chick chorioallantoic membrane for 1 week, mild inflammation response appeared without any other structural changes, indicating their good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. With injectability, uniformity, degradability, electroactivity, relative robustness, and biocompatibility, these eGels may have a huge potential as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and matrix for stimuli responsive drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Cardiovascular Division, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Puckert C, Gelmi A, Ljunggren MK, Rafat M, Jager EWH. Optimisation of conductive polymer biomaterials for cardiac progenitor cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterisation of biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering applications is vital for the development of effective treatments for the repair of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Puckert
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
| | - A. Gelmi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
| | - M. K. Ljunggren
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85
- Sweden
| | - M. Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85
- Sweden
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83
- Sweden
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26
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Sun Y, Li H, Lin Y, Niu L, Wang Q. Integration of poly(3-hexylthiophene) conductive stripe patterns with 3D tubular structures for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
P3HT was self-assembled into large-scale conductive stripe patterns based on confined evaporative self-assembly. These conductive stripe patterns could induce cell alignment and provide spatial electric signals to modulate cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory of Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory of Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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27
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Xie M, Wang L, Guo B, Wang Z, Chen YE, Ma PX. Ductile electroactive biodegradable hyperbranched polylactide copolymers enhancing myoblast differentiation. Biomaterials 2015; 71:158-167. [PMID: 26335860 PMCID: PMC4573316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myotube formation is crucial to restoring muscular functions, and biomaterials that enhance the myoblast differentiation into myotubes are highly desirable for muscular repair. Here, we report the synthesis of electroactive, ductile, and degradable copolymers and their application in enhancing the differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes. A hyperbranched ductile polylactide (HPLA) was synthesized and then copolymerized with aniline tetramer (AT) to produce a series of electroactive, ductile and degradable copolymers (HPLAAT). The HPLA and HPLAAT showed excellent ductility with strain to failure from 158.9% to 42.7% and modulus from 265.2 to 758.2 MPa. The high electroactivity of the HPLAAT was confirmed by UV spectrometer and cyclic voltammogram measurements. These HPLAAT polymers also showed improved thermal stability and controlled biodegradation rate compared to HPLA. Importantly, when applying these polymers for myotube formation, the HPLAAT significantly improved the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts in vitro compared to HPLA. Furthermore, these polymers greatly promoted myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells as measured by quantitative analysis of myotube number, length, diameter, maturation index, and gene expression of MyoD and TNNT. Together, our study shows that these electroactive, ductile and degradable HPLAAT copolymers represent significantly improved biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering compared to HPLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Xie
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, 1011, North University Ave., Room 2209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Wu Y, Chen YX, Yan J, Yang S, Dong P, Soman P. Fabrication of conductive polyaniline hydrogel using porogen leaching and projection microstereolithography. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5352-5360. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A PEGda–PANI conductive hydrogel developed using interfacial polymerization process can be applied to range of fabrication methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Yong X. Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Jiahan Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Shihao Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Pranav Soman
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
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29
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Varesano A, Vineis C, Tonetti C, Mazzuchetti G, Bobba V. Antibacterial property on Gram-positive bacteria of polypyrrole-coated fabrics. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Varesano
- CNR-ISMAC; Institute for Macromolecular Studies - National Research Council of Italy; C.so Giuseppe Pella 16 I-13900 Biella Italy
| | - Claudia Vineis
- CNR-ISMAC; Institute for Macromolecular Studies - National Research Council of Italy; C.so Giuseppe Pella 16 I-13900 Biella Italy
| | - Cinzia Tonetti
- CNR-ISMAC; Institute for Macromolecular Studies - National Research Council of Italy; C.so Giuseppe Pella 16 I-13900 Biella Italy
| | - Giorgio Mazzuchetti
- CNR-ISMAC; Institute for Macromolecular Studies - National Research Council of Italy; C.so Giuseppe Pella 16 I-13900 Biella Italy
| | - Vittorio Bobba
- Yanga srl, via Monte Orfano 21, I-13864 Crevacuore (Biella); Italy
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30
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Lee JY, Schmidt CE. Amine-functionalized polypyrrole: Inherently cell adhesive conducting polymer. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2126-32. [PMID: 25294089 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conducting polymers (CPs) have been recognized as novel biomaterials that can electrically communicate with biological systems. For their tissue engineering applications, CPs have been modified to promote cell adhesion for improved interactions between biomaterials and cells/tissues. Conventional approaches to improve cell adhesion involve the surface modification of CPs with biomolecules, such as physical adsorption of cell adhesive proteins and polycationic polymers, or their chemical immobilization; however, these approaches require additional multiple modification steps with expensive biomolecules. In this study, as a simple and effective alternative to such additional biomolecule treatment, we synthesized amine-functionalized polypyrrole (APPy) that inherently presents cell adhesion-supporting positive charges under physiological conditions. The synthesized APPy provides electrical activity in a moderate range and a hydrophilic surface compared to regular polypyrrole (PPy) homopolymers. Under both serum and serum-free conditions, APPy exhibited superior attachment of human dermal fibroblasts and Schwann cells compared to PPy homopolymer controls. Moreover, Schwann cell adhesion onto the APPy copolymer was at least similar to that on poly-l-lysine treated PPy controls. Our results indicate that amine-functionalized CP substrates will be useful to achieve good cell adhesion and potentially electrically stimulate various cells. In addition, amine functionality present on CPs can further serve as a novel and flexible platform to chemically tether various bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, antibodies, and chemical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Y Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering, Gwangju, South Korea
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31
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James R, Nagarale RK, Sachan VK, Badalucco C, Bhattacharya PK, Kumbar SG. Synthesis and characterization of electrically conducting polymers for regenerative engineering applications: sulfonated ionic membranes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan James
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
| | - Rajaram K. Nagarale
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; UP 208016 India
| | - Vinay K. Sachan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; UP 208016 India
| | - Christopher Badalucco
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
| | | | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences; CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; CT 06269 USA
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32
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Jin L, Yue D, Xu ZW, Liang G, Zhang Y, Zhang JF, Zhang X, Wang Z. Fabrication, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of reduced graphene oxide-reinforced nanofiber mats. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanofibers with superior electrical and mechanical properties have been developed for application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Wu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Guanghua School of Stomatology
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Guobin Liang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Guanghua School of Stomatology
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Jian-Fu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing
- Louisiana Tech University
- Ruston LA 71272, USA
| | - Zhenling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
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33
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Gelmi A, Ljunggren MK, Rafat M, Jager EWH. Influence of conductive polymer doping on the viability of cardiac progenitor cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3860-3867. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the influence of conductive polymer dopants on surface properties and chemistry, and how they may modify cardiac progenitor cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gelmi
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - M. K. Ljunggren
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - M. Rafat
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 85, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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34
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Hu WW, Hsu YT, Cheng YC, Li C, Ruaan RC, Chien CC, Chung CA, Tsao CW. Electrical stimulation to promote osteogenesis using conductive polypyrrole films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 37:28-36. [PMID: 24582219 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an electrical cell culture and monitoring device. Polypyrrole (PPy) films with different resistances were fabricated as conductive surfaces to investigate the effect of substrate-mediated electrical stimulation. The physical and chemical properties of the devices, as well as their biocompatibilities, were thoroughly evaluated. These PPy films had a dark but transparent appearance, on which the surface cells could be easily observed. After treating with the osteogenic medium, rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured on the PPy films differentiated into osteoblasts. The cells grown on the PPy films had up-regulated osteogenic markers, and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed that the PPy films accelerated cell differentiation. Alizarin red staining and calcium analysis suggested that the PPy films promoted osteogenesis. Finally, PPy films were subjected to a constant electric field to elucidate the effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenesis. Compared with the untreated group, electrical stimulation improved calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, PPy films with lower resistances allowed larger currents to stimulate the surface cells, which resulted in higher levels of mineralization. Overall, these results indicated that this system exhibited superior electroactivity with controllable electrical resistance and that it can be coated directly to produce medical devices with a transparent appearance, which should be beneficial for research on electrical stimulation for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Chyu Ruaan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Sijhih City, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ang Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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35
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Thrivikraman G, Mallik PK, Basu B. Substrate conductivity dependent modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7073-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Rouabhia M, Park H, Meng S, Derbali H, Zhang Z. Electrical stimulation promotes wound healing by enhancing dermal fibroblast activity and promoting myofibroblast transdifferentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71660. [PMID: 23990967 PMCID: PMC3747189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has long been used as an alternative clinical treatment and an effective approach to modulate cellular behaviours. In this work we investigated the effects of ES on human skin fibroblast activity, myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the consequence on wound healing. Normal human fibroblasts were seeded on heparin-bioactivated PPy/PLLA conductive membranes, cultured for 24 h, and then exposed to ES of 50 or 200 mV/mm for 2, 4, or 6 h. Following ES, the cells were either subjected to various analyses or re-seeded to investigate their healing capacity. Our findings show that ES had no cytotoxic effect on the fibroblasts, as demonstrated by the similar LDH activity levels in the ES-exposed and non-exposed cultures, and by the comparable cell viability under both conditions. Furthermore, the number of viable fibroblasts was higher following exposure to 6 h of ES than in the non-exposed culture. This enhanced cell growth was likely due to the ES up-regulated secretion of FGF-1 and FGF-2. In an in vitro scratch-wound assay where cell monolayer was used as a healing model, the electrically stimulated dermal fibroblasts migrated faster following exposure to ES and recorded a high contractile behaviour toward the collagen gel matrix. This enhanced contraction was supported by the high level of α-smooth muscle actin expressed by the fibroblasts following exposure to ES, indicating the characteristics of myofibroblasts. Remarkably, the modulation of fibroblast growth continued long after ES. In conclusion, this work demonstrates for the first time that exposure to ES promoted skin fibroblast growth and migration, increased growth factor secretion, and promoted fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation, thus promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shiyun Meng
- College of Environment and Biotechnology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Habib Derbali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group on Oral Ecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ze Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Saint-François d’Assise Hospital Research Center, CHU, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Pelto J, Björninen M, Pälli A, Talvitie E, Hyttinen J, Mannerström B, Suuronen Seppanen R, Kellomäki M, Miettinen S, Haimi S. Novel polypyrrole-coated polylactide scaffolds enhance adipose stem cell proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:882-92. [PMID: 23126228 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An electrically conductive polypyrrole (PPy) doped with a bioactive agent is an emerging functional biomaterial for tissue engineering. We therefore used chondroitin sulfate (CS)-doped PPy coating to modify initially electrically insulating polylactide resulting in novel osteogenic scaffolds. In situ chemical oxidative polymerization was used to obtain electrically conductive PPy coating on poly-96L/4D-lactide (PLA) nonwoven scaffolds. The coated scaffolds were characterized and their electrical conductivity was evaluated in hydrolysis. The ability of the coated and conductive scaffolds to enhance proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) under electrical stimulation (ES) in three-dimensional (3D) geometry was compared to the noncoated PLA scaffolds. Electrical conductivity of PPy-coated PLA scaffolds (PLA-PPy) was evident at the beginning of hydrolysis, but decreased during the first week of incubation due to de-doping. PLA-PPy scaffolds enhanced hASC proliferation significantly compared to the plain PLA scaffolds at 7 and 14 days. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the hASCs was generally higher in PLA-PPy seeded scaffolds, but due to patient variation, no statistical significance could be determined. ES did not have a significant effect on hASCs. This study highlights the potential of novel PPy-coated PLA scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Pelto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
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38
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Gelmi A, Zanoni M, Higgins MJ, Gambhir S, Officer DL, Diamond D, Wallace GG. Optical switching of protein interactions on photosensitive–electroactive polymers measured by atomic force microscopy. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2162-2168. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Stewart EM, Fabretto M, Mueller M, Molino PJ, Griesser HJ, Short RD, Wallace GG. Cell attachment and proliferation on high conductivity PEDOT–glycol composites produced by vapour phase polymerisation. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:368-378. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Balint R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Electrical stimulation: a novel tool for tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 19:48-57. [PMID: 22873689 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
New advances in tissue engineering are being made through the application of different types of electrical stimuli to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Developments made in the last decade have allowed us to improve the structure and functionality of tissue-engineered products through the use of growth factors, hormones, drugs, physical stimuli, bioreactor use, and two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) artificial extracellular matrices (with various material properties and topography). Another potential type of stimulus is electricity, which is important in the physiology and development of the majority of all human tissues. Despite its great potential, its role in tissue regeneration and its ability to influence cell migration, orientation, proliferation, and differentiation has rarely been considered in tissue engineering. This review highlights the importance of endogenous electrical stimulation, gathering the current knowledge on its natural occurrence and role in vivo, discussing the novel methods of delivering this stimulus and examining its cellular and tissue level effects, while evaluating how the technique could benefit the tissue engineering discipline in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Balint
- Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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41
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Rahimi N, Molin DG, Cleij TJ, van Zandvoort MA, Post MJ. Electrosensitive Polyacrylic Acid/Fibrin Hydrogel Facilitates Cell Seeding and Alignment. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1448-57. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas J. Cleij
- Institute for Materials Research
(IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek,
Belgium
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42
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Bayer CL, Trenchard IJ, Peppas NA. Analyzing Polyaniline-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) Biocompatibility with 3T3 Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:623-34. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x434647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Bayer
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center on Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, Bionanotechnology and Molecular Recognition, 1 University Station, C-0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0231, USA
| | - Isis J. Trenchard
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center on Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, Bionanotechnology and Molecular Recognition, 1 University Station, C-0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0231, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, Center on Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, Bionanotechnology and Molecular Recognition, 1 University Station, C-0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0231, USA;,
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43
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Inhibition of smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation on heparin-doped polypyrrole. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:194-200. [PMID: 21843664 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the application of polypyrrole (pPy) as a material to influence neointimal cell behaviour. The physico-chemical properties of pPy doped with heparin (Hep), para-toluene sulfonate, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (pMAS) and nitrate ions were studied in addition to cell adhesion and proliferation studies of neointimal relevant cell lines cultured on the pPy substrates. Both smooth muscle (hSMC) and endothelial (hEC) cell types adhered and proliferated best on the smooth, hydrophilic pPy/pMAS material. Moreover, pPy/Hep is able to support the proliferation of hECs on the surface but inhibits hSMC proliferation after 4 days of culture. The inhibitory effect on hSMCs is most likely due to the well-known antiproliferative effect of heparin on hSMC growth. The results presented indicate that surface exposed heparin binds to the putative heparin receptor of hSMCs and is sufficient to inhibit proliferation. The application of galvanostatically synthesized pPy/Hep to stent surfaces presents a novel bioactive control mechanism to control neointimal cell growth.
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44
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Jin L, Wang T, Feng ZQ, Zhu M, Leach MK, Naim YI, Jiang Q. Fabrication and characterization of a novel fluffy polypyrrole fibrous scaffold designed for 3D cell culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Liu Y, Hu J, Zhuang X, Zhang P, Chen X, Wei Y, Wang X. Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable and Electroactive Polymer Blend Materials Based on mPEG/Tetraaniline and PLLA. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:806-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Sirivisoot S, Pareta R, Webster TJ. Electrically controlled drug release from nanostructured polypyrrole coated on titanium. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:085101. [PMID: 21242621 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/8/085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown out of anodized nanotubular titanium (MWNT-Ti) can be used as a sensing electrode for various biomedical applications; such sensors detected the redox reactions of certain molecules, specifically proteins deposited by osteoblasts during extracellular matrix bone formation. Since it is known that polypyrrole (PPy) can release drugs upon electrical stimulation, in this study antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin, P/S) or an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone, Dex), termed PPy[P/S] or PPy[Dex], respectively, were electrodeposited in PPy on titanium. The objective of the present study was to determine if such drugs can be released from PPy on demand and (by applying a voltage) control cellular behavior important for orthopedic applications. Results showed that PPy films possessed nanometer-scale roughness as analyzed by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of P/S and Dex encapsulated within the PPy films. Results from cyclic voltammetry showed that 80% of the drugs were released on demand when sweep voltages were applied for five cycles at a scan rate of 0.1 V s(-1). Furthermore, osteoblast (bone-forming cells) and fibroblast (fibrous tissue-forming cells) adhesion were determined on the PPy films. Results showed that PPy[Dex] enhanced osteoblast adhesion after 4 h of culture compared to plain Ti. PPy-Ti (with or without anionic drug doping) inhibited fibroblast adhesion compared to plain Ti. These in vitro results confirmed that electrodeposited PPy[P/S] and PPy[Dex] can release drugs on demand to potentially fight bacterial infection, reduce inflammation, promote bone growth or reduce fibroblast functions, further implicating the use of such materials as implant sensors.
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47
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Beamish JA, He P, Kottke-Marchant K, Marchant RE. Molecular regulation of contractile smooth muscle cell phenotype: implications for vascular tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 16:467-91. [PMID: 20334504 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior is reviewed, with particular emphasis on stimuli that promote the contractile phenotype. SMCs can shift reversibly along a continuum from a quiescent, contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, which is characterized by proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. This phenotypic plasticity can be harnessed for tissue engineering. Cultured synthetic SMCs have been used to engineer smooth muscle tissues with organized ECM and cell populations. However, returning SMCs to a contractile phenotype remains a key challenge. This review will integrate recent work on how soluble signaling factors, ECM, mechanical stimulation, and other cells contribute to the regulation of contractile SMC phenotype. The signal transduction pathways and mechanisms of gene expression induced by these stimuli are beginning to be elucidated and provide useful information for the quantitative analysis of SMC phenotype in engineered tissues. Progress in the development of tissue-engineered scaffold systems that implement biochemical, mechanical, or novel polymer fabrication approaches to promote contractile phenotype will also be reviewed. The application of an improved molecular understanding of SMC biology will facilitate the design of more potent cell-instructive scaffold systems to regulate SMC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Beamish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207, USA
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48
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Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Baharvand H, Kiani S, Al-Deyab SS, Ramakrishna S. Application of conductive polymers, scaffolds and electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:e17-35. [PMID: 21413155 DOI: 10.1002/term.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous attempts to integrate tissue engineering concepts into strategies to repair nearly all parts of the body, neuronal repair stands out. This is partially due to the complexity of the nervous anatomical system, its functioning and the inefficiency of conventional repair approaches, which are based on single components of either biomaterials or cells alone. Electrical stimulation has been shown to enhance the nerve regeneration process and this consequently makes the use of electrically conductive polymers very attractive for the construction of scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. In this review, by taking into consideration the electrical properties of nerve cells and the effect of electrical stimulation on nerve cells, we discuss the most commonly utilized conductive polymers, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI), along with their design and modifications, thus making them suitable scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Other electrospun, composite, conductive scaffolds, such as PANI/gelatin and PPy/poly(ε-caprolactone), with or without electrical stimulation, are also discussed. Different procedures of electrical stimulation which have been used in tissue engineering, with examples on their specific applications in tissue engineering, are also discussed.
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49
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Breukers RD, Gilmore KJ, Kita M, Wagner KK, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Clark GM, Officer DL, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG. Creating conductive structures for cell growth: Growth and alignment of myogenic cell types on polythiophenes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:256-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation on polypyrrole substrates doped with extracellular matrix components. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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