1
|
Ferrai C, Schulte C. Mechanotransduction in stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151417. [PMID: 38729084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is an established concept that the capability to reach a specialised cell identity via differentiation, as in the case of multi- and pluripotent stem cells, is not only determined by biochemical factors, but that also physical aspects of the microenvironment play a key role; interpreted by the cell through a force-based signalling pathway called mechanotransduction. However, the intricate ties between the elements involved in mechanotransduction, such as the extracellular matrix, the glycocalyx, the cell membrane, Integrin adhesion complexes, Cadherin-mediated cell/cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton, and the nucleus, are still far from being understood in detail. Here we report what is currently known about these elements in general and their specific interplay in the context of multi- and pluripotent stem cells. We furthermore merge this overview to a more comprehensive picture, that aims to cover the whole mechanotransductive pathway from the cell/microenvironment interface to the regulation of the chromatin structure in the nucleus. Ultimately, with this review we outline the current picture of the interplay between mechanotransductive cues and epigenetic regulation and how these processes might contribute to stem cell dynamics and fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Ferrai
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seifi S, Shamloo A, Tavoosi SN, Almasi-Jaf A, Shaygani H, Sayah MR. A novel multifunctional chitosan-gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate bilayer hydrogel containing human placenta extract for accelerating full-thickness wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126929. [PMID: 37717877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The replication of skin's dermal and epidermal morphology within a full-thickness wound using a bi-layer hydrogel to cater to their distinct needs is a compelling pursuit. Moreover, human placenta extract (HPE), containing a diverse array of bioactive agents, has proven to be effective in promoting the wound healing process and enhancing epidermal keratinocytes. This study presents a multifunctional bi-layer hydrogel incorporating HPE for accelerating full-thickness wound healing through sustained HPE release, inhibition of bacteria invasion, and promotion of cell proliferation. The upper layer of the scaffold, known as the dressing layer, is composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, serving as a supportive layer for cell proliferation. The under layer, referred to as the regenerative layer, is composed of chitosan and gelatin, providing an extracellular matrix-like, porous, moist, and antibacterial environment for cell growth. The scaffold was optimized to replicate the morphology of the dermal and epidermal layers, with suitable fibroblast infiltration and a pore size of approximately 283μm. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the samples matched the wound healing rate and persisted throughout this period. The sustained HPE release rate, facilitated by the degradation rate, was optimized to reach ~98% after 28 days, covering the entire healing period. The samples demonstrated robust antibacterial capabilities, with bacterial inhibition zone diameters of and 2.63±0.12cm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The biocompatibility of the samples remained at approximately 68.33±4.5% after 21 days of fibroblast cell culture. The in vivo experiment indicated that the HPE@Bilayer hydrogel promotes the formation of new blood vessels and fibroblasts during the early stages of healing, leading to the appropriate formation of granulation tissue and a wound contraction rate of (79.31±3.1)%. Additionally, it resulted in the formation of a thick epidermal layer (keratinization) that effectively covered all the impaired areas, achieving a wound contraction rate of 95.83±6.3% at the late stage of wound healing. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining for CD31 and TGF-β revealed that the HPE@Bilayer group had 22 blood vessels/field and 34%-66% immunoactive cells, respectively, after 14 days of healing. However, by day 21, angiogenesis and TGF-β expression had declined, demonstrating that the wounds had been successfully treated with minimal scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Seifi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
| | - Sayed Navid Tavoosi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Aram Almasi-Jaf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Hossein Shaygani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sayah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tavasoli H, Tavasoli N, Yunessnia lehi A. Nanonodular porous membranes: Novel scaffolds for development and proliferation of dental pulp‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tavasoli
- Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nafiseh Tavasoli
- Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Extracellular matrix-mimicking nanofibrous chitosan microspheres as cell micro-ark for tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119693. [PMID: 35725181 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking nanofibrous chitosan microspheres (NCM) were developed via thermal induction of chitosan molecular chain from alkaline/urea aqueous solution. The regeneration of NCM from chitosan was proved to be physical process. The morphology of NCM could be precisely controlled by adjusting the initial solution concentration and the reaction temperature. The NCM possessed desirable in vitro/vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability. The excellent cell adhesion capability of NCM facilitated the formation of large-sized 3D geometric constructs in vitro. The NCM promoted in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rMSCs). Finally, pre-differentiated rMSCs-NCM constructs obviously enhanced in vivo bone healing of rat calvarial defects. This work opened up a new avenue for the construction of chitosan microspheres with ECM-like nanofibrous structure, indicated the great potential of the NCM as micro-Noah's Ark for stem cells to anchor, proliferate, and pre-differentiate for tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ying Y, Li B, Liu C, Xiong Z, Bai W, Ma P. Shape-Memory ECM-Mimicking Heparin-Modified Nanofibrous Gelatin Scaffold for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Sinus Augmentation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:218-231. [PMID: 34961309 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials with clinical maneuverability and predictable bone regeneration are needed in the field of maxillary sinus augmentation. Herein, gelatin was chemically modified with heparin that specifically interacted with and stabilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We then introduced thermally induced phase separation to form the injectable, shape-memory, highly porous scaffold for bone regeneration in sinus augmentation. The hydrated heparin-modified nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds (NH-GS) were demonstrated with high resilience and shape-memory property, both macroscopically and microscopically, making them injectable scaffolds and expected to be applied in sinus augmentation. This novel scaffold was verified to be biocompatible and an excellent matrix to support cell attachment, proliferation, and infiltration. Further, the growth factor-loaded NH-GS showed sustained release kinetics of BMP-2 through affinity-based scaffold-growth factor interaction, compared with BMP-2 loaded gelatin sponge (GS) and nanofibrous gelatin scaffold (NF). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the BMP-2-loaded NH-GS exhibited the highest osteogenesis among the other groups. Taken together, this study introduces a new regenerative strategy in maxillary sinus augmentation, which is injectable with a predefined shape and structure and promotes bone regeneration through a more sustained BMP-2 release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ying
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zuochun Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Gong L, Li M, Wei G, Liu Y. The osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells induced by nanofiber scaffolds using bioinformatics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166245. [PMID: 34391896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the mechanism of behaviors of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) affected by scaffold structure combining Monte Carlo feature selection (MFCS), incremental feature selection (IFS) and support vector machine (SVM). The specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of hBMSCs cultured on nanofiber (NF) scaffolds and freeform fabrication (FFF) scaffolds were obtained. Key genes were screened from common genes between osteogenic DEGs and NF specific DEGs with MFCS, IFS and SVM. The results demonstrated that NF scaffolds induced hBMSCs to express more genes related to osteogenic differentiation. Finally, 16 key genes were identified among the common genes. The common genes were significantly enriched in Rap1 signaling pathway, extracellular matrix and ossification. The results in this study suggested that the gene expression of hBMSCs was sensitive to NF scaffolds and FFF scaffolds, and the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs could be enhanced by NF scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Gong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Min Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoshuai Wei
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ying Y, Li B, Liu C, Xiong Z, Bai W, Li J, Ma P. A biodegradable gelatin-based nanostructured sponge with space maintenance to enhance long-term osteogenesis in maxillary sinus augmentation. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:681-695. [PMID: 33059516 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220964446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The search for bone substitutes that are biodegradable, ensure space maintenance, and have osteogenic predictability, is ongoing in the field of sinus augmentation. We thus compared the bone regeneration potential of nanostructured sponges (NS-Sponge) with that of collagen-stabilized inorganic bovine bones (BO-Collagen), gelatin sponges (Gelatin), and blood clots (Cont) in sinus augmentation of rabbits. NS-Sponge was prepared by thermally induced phase separation with porogen leaching techniques. All the materials were non-hemolytic and cytocompatible. The porous and nanofibrous NS-Sponge showed better dimensional stability to support cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, the sinus membrane collapsed in Cont and Gelatin, while BO-Collagen and NS-Sponge maintained the elevated height as assessed by come-beam computed tomography. Limited bone regeneration was observed in Cont and Gelatin. In the entire implanted area, histological analysis revealed a higher percentage of new bone area at 4 weeks of BO-Collagen treatment; however, a significantly greater increase in new bone area was observed after 12 weeks of NS-Sponge treatment. The 12-week remnant NS-Sponge material was significantly lower than the 4-week remnant material. Overall, NS-Sponge may be highly recommended for sinus augmentation, as it exhibits numerous advantages, including excellent operability, clear imaging characteristics, space maintenance, biodegradability, and superior osteogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ying
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuochun Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lommen J, Schorn L, Landers A, Holtmann H, Berr K, Kübler NR, Sproll C, Rana M, Depprich R. Release kinetics of the model protein FITC-BSA from different polymer-coated bovine bone substitutes. Head Face Med 2019; 15:27. [PMID: 31711509 PMCID: PMC6844035 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-019-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled release of proteins bound to conventional bone substitutes is still insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluates in-vitro release kinetics of the model protein FITC-BSA (fluorescein conjugated bovine serum albumine) from insoluble bovine collagenous bone matrices (ICBM) with different polymer coatings. Analyzes aim at comparing FITC-BSA release from uncoated versus coated ICBM over time to find bone substitute coatings with consistent release profiles. Methods Release kinetics of FITC-BSA from uncoated as well as coated ICBM with five different polymers (RESOMER R 203 H, RG 503 H, RG 504 H, RG 505, L 206 S) were measured over a period of 11 days (d). Measurements were conducted after 6 h (h), 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d with six samples for each coated ICBM. Two groups were formed (1) with and (2) without medium change at times of measurement. For each group ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni testing was used. Scanning electron microscopy assessed morphologic differences between ICBM coating. Results In group 1 approx. 70% of FITC-BSA release from uncoated ICBM occurred after 6 h compared to approx. 50% in group 2. Only polymers with medium inherent viscosity, i.e. RESOMER RG 503 H, constantly showed significantly more FITC-BSA release throughout 11 d than uncoated ICBM (p = 0.007). The same was found for group 2 (p = 0.005). No significant differences between PLA and PLGA polymers were found. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate a weak adhesion of polymer coatings to ICBM explaining its rather weak retentive effect on overall FITC-BSA release. Conclusions Medium molecular size polymers reduce the overall released FITC-BSA from ICBM over time. In clinical practice these polymers may prove ideal for bone substitute materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lommen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Schorn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexis Landers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hattingen, Bredenscheider Straße 54, 45525, Hattingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Holtmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Malteser Clinic St. Johannes, Johannisstraße 21, 47198, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Karin Berr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert R Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Majeed Rana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rita Depprich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tuffin J, Burke M, Richardson T, Johnson T, Saleem MA, Satchell S, Welsh GI, Perriman A. A Composite Hydrogel Scaffold Permits Self-Organization and Matrix Deposition by Cocultured Human Glomerular Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900698. [PMID: 31359632 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D scaffolds provide cells with a spatial environment that more closely resembles that of in vivo tissue, when compared to 2D culture on a plastic substrate. However, many scaffolding materials commonly used in tissue engineering tend to exhibit anisotropic morphologies that exhibit a narrow range of fiber diameters and pore sizes, which do not recapitulate extracellular matrices. In this study, a fibrin hydrogel is formed within the interstitial spaces of an electrospun poly(glycolic) acid (PGA) monolith to generate a composite, bimodal scaffold for the coculture of kidney glomerular cell lines. This new scaffold exhibits multiple fiber morphologies, containing both PGA microfibers (14.5 ± 2 µm) and fibrin gel nanofibers (0.14 ± 0.09 µm), which increase the compressive Young's modulus beyond that of either of the constituents. The composite structure provides an enhanced 3D environment that increases proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale fibrous morphology promotes motility and reorganization of the glomerular cells into glomerulus-like structures, resulting in the deposition of organized collagen IV; the primary component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tuffin
- Bristol RenalTranslational Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS13 NY UK
| | - Madeline Burke
- Bristol Centre for Functional NanomaterialsUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1FD UK
| | - Thomas Richardson
- Bristol Centre for Functional NanomaterialsUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1FD UK
| | | | - Moin A. Saleem
- Bristol RenalTranslational Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS13 NY UK
| | - Simon Satchell
- Bristol RenalTranslational Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS13 NY UK
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol RenalTranslational Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS13 NY UK
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barati D, Karaman O, Moeinzadeh S, Kader S, Jabbari E. Material and regenerative properties of an osteon-mimetic cortical bone-like scaffold. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:89-98. [PMID: 30967963 PMCID: PMC6446997 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to fabricate a rigid, resorbable and osteoconductive scaffold by mimicking the hierarchical structure of the cortical bone. Aligned peptide-functionalize nanofiber microsheets were generated with calcium phosphate (CaP) content similar to that of the natural cortical bone. Next, the CaP-rich fibrous microsheets were wrapped around a microneedle to form a laminated microtube mimicking the structure of an osteon. Then, a set of the osteon-mimetic microtubes were assembled around a solid rod and the assembly was annealed to fuse the microtubes and form a shell. Next, an array of circular microholes were drilled on the outer surface of the shell to generate a cortical bone-like scaffold with an interconnected network of Haversian- and Volkmann-like microcanals. The CaP content, porosity and density of the bone-mimetic microsheets were 240 wt%, 8% and 1.9 g/ml, respectively, which were close to that of natural cortical bone. The interconnected network of microcanals in the fused microtubes increased permeability of a model protein in the scaffold. The cortical scaffold induced osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in the absence of bone morphogenetic proteins upon seeding with human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells. The localized and timed-release of morphogenetic factors significantly increased the extent of osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells in the cortical scaffold. The cortical bone-mimetic nature of the cellular construct provided balanced rigidity, resorption rate, osteoconductivity and nutrient diffusivity to support vascularization and osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ozan Karaman
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Safaa Kader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu T, Yao Q, Miszuk JM, Sanyour HJ, Hong Z, Sun H, Fong H. Tailoring weight ratio of PCL/PLA in electrospun three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffolds and the effect on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:31-39. [PMID: 30005288 PMCID: PMC6174100 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as artificial ECMs have been extensively studied to mimic the critical features of natural ECMs. To develop more clinically relevant 3D scaffolds, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with different weight ratios of PCL/PLA (i.e., 100/0, 60/40, and 20/80) were fabricated via the thermally induced (nanofiber) self-agglomeration (TISA) method. The hypothesis was that, with the weight ratio increase of stiffer and more bioactive PLA in the 3D PCL/PLA blend scaffolds, the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would be enhanced. The results indicated that, all of the 3D scaffolds were elastic/resilient and possessed interconnected and hierarchical pores with sizes from sub-microns to ∼300 μm; therefore, the morphological structures of these scaffolds were similar to those of natural ECMs. The PLA80 scaffolds exhibited the best overall properties in terms of density, porosity, water absorption capacity, mechanical properties, bioactivity, and cell viability. Furthermore, with increasing the PLA weight ratio, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and gene expression level were also increased, probably due to the improved stiffness/bioactivity of scaffold. Hence, the novel 3D electrospun PLA80 nanofibrous scaffold might be desired/favorable for the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Qingqing Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Jacob M Miszuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA.
| | - Hao Fong
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Saunders L, Zhou Y, Ma PX. Nanofibrous Spongy Microspheres To Distinctly Release miRNA and Growth Factors To Enrich Regulatory T Cells and Rescue Periodontal Bone Loss. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9785-9799. [PMID: 30141906 PMCID: PMC6205210 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to T cells' roles in immune response and autoimmune diseases, certain types of T cells, called regulatory T cells (Tregs), play important roles in microenvironment modulation for resolution and tissue regeneration. However, there are currently few options available other than introducing more Tregs or immunosuppressive drugs to locally enrich Tregs. Herein, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous spongy microspheres (NF-SMS), PLLA/polyethylene glycol (PEG) co-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), and poly(lactic acid- co-glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGA MS) are integrated into one multibiologic delivery vehicle for in situ Treg manipulation, where the MSNs and PLGA MS were utilized to distinctly release IL-2/TGF-β and miR-10a to locally recruit T cells and stimulate their differentiation into Tregs, while PLLA NF-SMS serve as an injectable scaffold for the adhesion and proliferation of these Tregs. In a mouse model of periodontitis, the injectable and biomolecule-delivering PLLA NF-SMS lead to Treg enrichment, expansion, and Treg-mediated immune therapy against bone loss. This system can potentially be utilized in a wide variety of other immune and regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Saunders
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Corresponding Authors (Y. Zhou): , (P.X. Ma):
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding Authors (Y. Zhou): , (P.X. Ma):
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Polymer blend nanofibers containing polycaprolactone as biocompatible and biodegradable binding agent to fabricate electrospun three-dimensional scaffolds/structures. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
14
|
Soares DG, Zhang Z, Mohamed F, Eyster TW, de Souza Costa CA, Ma PX. Simvastatin and nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds to promote the odontogenic potential of dental pulp cells in an inflammatory environment. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:190-203. [PMID: 29294374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, odontogenic and pro-angiogenic effects of integrating simvastatin and nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) (NF-PLLA) scaffolds on dental pulp cells (DPCs). Highly porous NF-PLLA scaffolds that mimic the nanofibrous architecture of extracellular matrix were first fabricated, then seeded with human DPCs and cultured with 0.1 μM simvastatin and/or 10 μg/mL pro-inflammatory stimulator lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-9 mRNA) and odontoblastic markers (ALP activity, calcium content, DSPP, DMP-1 and BMP-2 mRNA) were quantified after long-term culture in vitro. In addition, we evaluated the scaffold's pro-angiogenic potential after 24 h of in vitro co-culture with endothelial cells. Finally, we assessed the combined effects of simvastatin and NF-PLLA scaffolds in vivo using a subcutaneous implantation mouse model. The in vitro studies demonstrated that, compared with the DPC/NF-PLLA scaffold constructs cultured only with pro-inflammatory stimulator LPS, adding simvastatin significantly repress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Treating LPS+ DPC/NF-PLLA constructs with simvastatin also reverted the negative effects of LPS on expression of odontoblastic markers in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis demonstrated that these effects were related to a reduction in NFkBp65 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PPARγ expression, as well as to increased phosphorylation of pERK1/2 and pSmad1, mediated by simvastatin on LPS-stimulated DPCs. The DPC/NF-PLLA constructs treated with LPS/simvastatin also led to an increase in vessel-like structures, correlated with increased VEGF expression in both DPSCs and endothelial cells. Therefore, the combination of low dosage simvastatin and NF-PLLA scaffolds appears to be a promising strategy for dentin regeneration with inflamed dental pulp tissue, by minimizing the inflammatory reaction and increasing the regenerative potential of resident stem cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The regeneration potential of stem cells is dependent on their microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the effect of the microenvironment of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), including 3D structure of a macroporous and nanofibrous scaffold, the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a biological molecule simvastatin, on their regenerative potential of mineralized dentin tissue. The results demonstrated that LPS upregulated inflammatory mediators and suppressed the odontogenic potential of DPSCs. Known as a lipid-lowing agent, simvastatin was excitingly found to repress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, up-regulate odontoblastic markers, and exert a pro-angiogenic effect on endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced vascularization and mineralized dentin tissue regeneration in a biomimetic 3D tissue engineering scaffold. This novel finding is significant for the fields of stem cells, inflammation and dental tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
15
|
Heo SJ, Szczesny SE, Kim DH, Saleh KS, Mauck RL. Expansion of mesenchymal stem cells on electrospun scaffolds maintains stemness, mechano-responsivity, and differentiation potential. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:808-815. [PMID: 29027711 PMCID: PMC5839953 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for regenerative therapies and tissue engineering applications given their multipotential differentiation capacity. However, MSC isolation and expansion are typically performed on super-physiologically stiff tissue culture plastic (TCP), which may alter their behavior and lead to unintended consequences upon implantation. In contrast, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds possess physical and mechanical properties that are similar to that of native tissue. In this study, we investigated whether isolation and expansion of juvenile bovine MSCs directly onto electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds better preserves MSC phenotype and stemness compared to TCP. Our data show that culture of MSCs on electrospun scaffolds reduces proliferation, decreases cellular senescence, and better maintains stemness compared to cells isolated and expanded on TCP, likely due to a reduction in cell contractility. Furthermore, in contrast to electrospun scaffolds, TCP biased MSCs towards a fibrotic phenotype that persisted even after the cells were reseeded onto a different substrate. Cells pre-cultured on electrospun scaffolds exhibited a heightened response to mechanical stimuli and greater chondrogenesis in methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogels. These data suggest that alternative substrates that better approximate the native cell environment should be used to preserve endogenous MSC behavior and may improve their success in tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:808-815, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Heo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Spencer E. Szczesny
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dong Hwa Kim
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamiel S. Saleh
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Address for Correspondence: Robert L. Mauck, Ph.D., Mary Black Ralston Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor of Bioengineering, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36 Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Phone: (215) 898-3294, Fax: (215) 573-2133,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bajcsy P, Yoon S, Florczyk SJ, Hotaling NA, Simon M, Szczypinski PM, Schaub NJ, Simon CG, Brady M, Sriram RD. Modeling, validation and verification of three-dimensional cell-scaffold contacts from terabyte-sized images. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:526. [PMID: 29183290 PMCID: PMC5706418 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-scaffold contact measurements are derived from pairs of co-registered volumetric fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images (z-stacks) of stained cells and three types of scaffolds (i.e., spun coat, large microfiber, and medium microfiber). Our analysis of the acquired terabyte-sized collection is motivated by the need to understand the nature of the shape dimensionality (1D vs 2D vs 3D) of cell-scaffold interactions relevant to tissue engineers that grow cells on biomaterial scaffolds. Results We designed five statistical and three geometrical contact models, and then down-selected them to one from each category using a validation approach based on physically orthogonal measurements to CLSM. The two selected models were applied to 414 z-stacks with three scaffold types and all contact results were visually verified. A planar geometrical model for the spun coat scaffold type was validated from atomic force microscopy images by computing surface roughness of 52.35 nm ±31.76 nm which was 2 to 8 times smaller than the CLSM resolution. A cylindrical model for fiber scaffolds was validated from multi-view 2D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The fiber scaffold segmentation error was assessed by comparing fiber diameters from SEM and CLSM to be between 0.46% to 3.8% of the SEM reference values. For contact verification, we constructed a web-based visual verification system with 414 pairs of images with cells and their segmentation results, and with 4968 movies with animated cell, scaffold, and contact overlays. Based on visual verification by three experts, we report the accuracy of cell segmentation to be 96.4% with 94.3% precision, and the accuracy of cell-scaffold contact for a statistical model to be 62.6% with 76.7% precision and for a geometrical model to be 93.5% with 87.6% precision. Conclusions The novelty of our approach lies in (1) representing cell-scaffold contact sites with statistical intensity and geometrical shape models, (2) designing a methodology for validating 3D geometrical contact models and (3) devising a mechanism for visual verification of hundreds of 3D measurements. The raw and processed data are publicly available from https://isg.nist.gov/deepzoomweb/data/ together with the web -based verification system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1928-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bajcsy
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Soweon Yoon
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Florczyk
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nathan A Hotaling
- National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mylene Simon
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Schaub
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Carl G Simon
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mary Brady
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ram D Sriram
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Florczyk SJ, Simon M, Juba D, Pine PS, Sarkar S, Chen D, Baker PJ, Bodhak S, Cardone A, Brady MC, Bajcsy P, Simon CG. A Bioinformatics 3D Cellular Morphotyping Strategy for Assessing Biomaterial Scaffold Niches. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2302-2313. [PMID: 33445289 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many biomaterial scaffolds have been advanced to provide synthetic cell niches for tissue engineering and drug screening applications; however, current methods for comparing scaffold niches focus on cell functional outcomes or attempt to normalize materials properties between different scaffold formats. We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) cellular morphotyping strategy for comparing biomaterial scaffold cell niches between different biomaterial scaffold formats. Primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on 8 different biomaterial scaffolds, including fibrous scaffolds, hydrogels, and porous sponges, in 10 treatment groups to compare a variety of biomaterial scaffolds and cell morphologies. A bioinformatics approach was used to determine the 3D cellular morphotype for each treatment group by using 82 shape metrics to analyze approximately 1000 cells. We found that hBMSCs cultured on planar substrates yielded planar cell morphotypes, while those cultured in 3D scaffolds had elongated or equiaxial cellular morphotypes with greater height. Multivariate analysis was effective at distinguishing mean shapes of cells in flat substrates from cells in scaffolds, as was the metric L1-depth (the cell height along its shortest axis after aligning cells with a characteristic ellipsoid). The 3D cellular morphotyping technique enables direct comparison of cellular microenvironments between widely different types of scaffolds and design of scaffolds based on cell structure-function relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Desu Chen
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smolkova B, Dusinska M, Gabelova A. Nanomedicine and epigenome. Possible health risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:780-796. [PMID: 28705729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that combines knowledge of nanotechnology and material science with pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, aiming to develop nanodrugs with increased efficacy and safety. Compared to conventional therapeutics, nanodrugs manifest higher stability and circulation time, reduced toxicity and improved targeted delivery. Despite the obvious benefit, the accumulation of imaging agents and nanocarriers in the body following their therapeutic or diagnostic application generates concerns about their safety for human health. Numerous toxicology studies have demonstrated that exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) might pose serious risks to humans. Epigenetic modifications, representing a non-genotoxic mechanism of toxicant-induced health effects, are becoming recognized as playing a potential causative role in the aetiology of many diseases including cancer. This review i) provides an overview of recent advances in medical applications of NMs and ii) summarizes current evidence on their possible epigenetic toxicity. To discern potential health risks of NMs, since current data are mostly based upon in vitro and animal models, a better understanding of functional relationships between NM exposure, epigenetic deregulation and phenotype is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dang M, Koh AJ, Jin X, McCauley LK, Ma PX. Local pulsatile PTH delivery regenerates bone defects via enhanced bone remodeling in a cell-free scaffold. Biomaterials 2017; 114:1-9. [PMID: 27835763 PMCID: PMC5125900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is currently the only FDA-approved anabolic drug to treat osteoporosis, and is systemically administered through daily injections. A new local pulsatile PTH delivery device was developed from biodegradable polymers to expand the application of PTH from systemic treatment to spatially controlled local bone defect regeneration in this work. This is the first time that local pulsatile PTH delivery has been demonstrated to promote bone regeneration via enhanced bone remodeling. The biodegradable delivery device was designed to locally deliver PTH in a preprogrammed pulsatile manner. The PTH delivery was utilized to facilitate the regeneration of a bone defect spatially defined with a cell-free biomimetic nanofibrous (NF) scaffold. The local pulsatile PTH delivery (daily pulse for 21 days) not only promoted the regeneration of a critical-sized bone defect with negligible systemic side effects in a mouse model, but also advantageously achieved higher quality regenerated bone than the standard systemic PTH injection. These results demonstrate a promising and novel pulsatile PTH delivery device for spatially defined local bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaobing Jin
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fe 3O 4/BSA particles induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells under static magnetic field. Acta Biomater 2016; 46:141-150. [PMID: 27646502 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells is influenced by many factors, yet uptake of the magnetic particles with or without magnetic field is rarely tackled. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Fe3O4/BSA) particles were prepared, which showed a spherical morphology with a diameter below 200 nm, negatively charged surface, and tunable magnetic property. The particles could be internalized into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their release from the cells was significantly retarded under external magnetic field, resulting in almost twice intracellular amount of the particles within 21 d compared to that of the magnetic field free control. Uptake of the Fe3O4/BSA particles enhanced significantly the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under a static magnetic field, as evidenced by elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and expressions of collagen type I and osteocalcin at both mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, uptake of the Fe3O4/BSA particles brings significant influence on the differentiation of MSCs under magnetic field, and thereby should be paid great attention for practical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Differentiation of stem cells is influenced by many factors, yet uptake of the magnetic particles with or without magnetic field is rarely tackled. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Fe3O4/BSA) particles with a diameter below 200nm, negatively charged surface, tunable Fe3O4 content and subsequently adjustable magnetic property were prepared. The particles could be internalized into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their release from the cells was significantly retarded under external magnetic field. Uptake of the Fe3O4/BSA particles enhanced significantly the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under a constant static magnetic field, while the magnetic particles and external magnetic field alone do not influence significantly the osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs regardless of the uptake amount. The results demonstrate a potential magnetic manipulation method for stem cell differentiation, and also convey the significance of careful evaluation of the safety issue of magnetic particles in real an application situation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Three dimensional electrospun PCL/PLA blend nanofibrous scaffolds with significantly improved stem cells osteogenic differentiation and cranial bone formation. Biomaterials 2016; 115:115-127. [PMID: 27886552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrous scaffolds that are morphologically/structurally similar to natural ECM are highly interested for tissue engineering; however, the electrospinning technique has the difficulty in directly producing clinically relevant 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with desired structural properties. To address this challenge, we have developed an innovative technique of thermally induced nanofiber self-agglomeration (TISA) recently. The aim of this work was to prepare (via the TISA technique) and evaluate 3D electrospun PCL/PLA blend (mass ratio: 4/1) nanofibrous scaffolds having high porosity of ∼95.8% as well as interconnected and hierarchically structured pores with sizes from sub-micrometers to ∼300 μm for bone tissue engineering. The hypothesis was that the incorporation of PLA (with higher mechanical stiffness/modulus and bioactivity) into PCL nanofibers would significantly improve human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. Compared to neat PCL-3D scaffolds, PCL/PLA-3D blend scaffolds had higher mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity; as a result, they not only enhanced the cell viability of hMSCs but also promoted the osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, our in vivo studies revealed that PCL/PLA-3D scaffolds considerably facilitated new bone formation in a critical-sized cranial bone defect mouse model. In summary, both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that novel 3D electrospun PCL/PLA blend nanofibrous scaffolds would be strongly favorable/desired for hMSCs osteogenic differentiation and cranial bone formation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nikpou P, Soleimani Rad J, Mohammad Nejad D, Samadi N, Roshangar L, Navali AM, Shafaei H, Nozad Charoudeh H, Danandeh Oskoei N, Soleimani Rad S. Indirect coculture of stem cells with fetal chondrons using PCL electrospun nanofiber scaffolds. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:283-290. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Nikpou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Umblical Cord Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Neda Danandeh Oskoei
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Rad
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith Callahan LA. Combinatorial Method/High Throughput Strategies for Hydrogel Optimization in Tissue Engineering Applications. Gels 2016; 2:E18. [PMID: 30674150 PMCID: PMC6318679 DOI: 10.3390/gels2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial method/high throughput strategies, which have long been used in the pharmaceutical industry, have recently been applied to hydrogel optimization for tissue engineering applications. Although many combinatorial methods have been developed, few are suitable for use in tissue engineering hydrogel optimization. Currently, only three approaches (design of experiment, arrays and continuous gradients) have been utilized. This review highlights recent work with each approach. The benefits and disadvantages of design of experiment, array and continuous gradient approaches depending on study objectives and the general advantages of using combinatorial methods for hydrogel optimization over traditional optimization strategies will be discussed. Fabrication considerations for combinatorial method/high throughput samples will additionally be addressed to provide an assessment of the current state of the field, and potential future contributions to expedited material optimization and design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Eyster TW, Ma PX. Nanostructured injectable cell microcarriers for tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1611-28. [PMID: 27230960 PMCID: PMC5619097 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer microspheres have emerged as cell carriers for the regeneration and repair of irregularly shaped tissue defects due to their injectability, controllable biodegradability and capacity for drug incorporation and release. Notably, recent advances in nanotechnology allowed the manipulation of the physical and chemical properties of the microspheres at the nanoscale, creating nanostructured microspheres mimicking the composition and/or structure of natural extracellular matrix. These nanostructured microspheres, including nanocomposite microspheres and nanofibrous microspheres, have been employed as cell carriers for tissue regeneration. They enhance cell attachment and proliferation, promote positive cell-carrier interactions and facilitate stem cell differentiation for target tissue regeneration. This review highlights the recent advances in nanostructured microspheres that are employed as injectable, biomimetic and cell-instructive cell carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Thomas W Eyster
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Macromolecular Science & Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang C, Melerzanov A, Du Y. Engineering Embryonic Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tailored Cellular Differentiation. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4033193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) research offers great promise for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, a major limitation in translation of ESCs technology to pharmaceutical and clinical applications is how to induce their differentiation into tailored lineage commitment with satisfactory efficiency. Many studies indicate that this lineage commitment is precisely controlled by the ESC microenvironment in vivo. Engineering and biomaterial-based approaches to recreate a biomimetic cellular microenvironment provide valuable strategies for directing ESCs differentiation to specific lineages in vitro. In this review, we summarize and examine the recent advances in application of engineering and biomaterial-based approaches to control ESC differentiation. We focus on physical strategies (e.g., geometrical constraint, mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, and topography) and biochemical approaches (e.g., genetic engineering, soluble bioactive factors, coculture, and synthetic small molecules), and highlight the three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel-based microenvironment for directed ESC differentiation. Finally, future perspectives in ESCs engineering are provided for the subsequent advancement of this promising research direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China e-mail:
| | - Alexander Melerzanov
- Cellular and Molecular Technologies Laboratory, MIPT, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang W, Dang M, Zhang Z, Hu J, Eyster TW, Ni L, Ma PX. Dentin regeneration by stem cells of apical papilla on injectable nanofibrous microspheres and stimulated by controlled BMP-2 release. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:63-72. [PMID: 26971664 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PLLA nanofibrous microspheres (NF-MS) as a cell delivery carrier in combination with controlled release of BMP-2 from PLGA microspheres on the induction of odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP). Injectable NF-MS, which mimic the physical architecture of collagen fibers on the nano scale, were fabricated by combining thermally-induced phase separation techniques with an emulsification process. SCAP cultured in a monolayer or cultured on NF-MS in spinner flasks were treated with 100ng/ml BMP-2 in vitro. Odontogenic differentiation was characterized by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, odontogenic gene expression levels, calcium content, and dentin sialophosphoprotein accumulation. The results demonstrated that BMP-2 enhanced human SCAP odontogenic differentiation both in monolayer culture and on 3D NF-MS in spinner flask culture in vitro. We also developed and tested a system combining NF-MS with controlled BMP-2 release for dentin regeneration in vivo. The results indicate that controlled release of BMP-2 promoted more mineralization and osteodentin formation compared to a BSA-releasing control in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In summary, the NF-MS combined with controlled release of BMP-2 provides an excellent microenvironment for SCAP to regenerate dentin tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tooth lesion and loss affect masticatory efficiency, speaking function, facial aesthetics and even psychological health. Current treatments depend on "inert" restorative materials, which do not have the healing capacity and may lead to the failure of the restorations over a long term. The aim of this study was to develop an injectable biomaterial and desired growth factor delivery system to support stem cells for mineralized dental tissue regeneration. The study showed that novel injectable and biodegradable nanofibrous microspheres and controlled release of BMP-2 synergistically induce the odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla and mineralized tissue regeneration, demonstrating the potential of living dental tissue repair.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jin L, Wu D, Kuddannaya S, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility of Polymer Cored Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5170-5177. [PMID: 26836319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanofibers have shown a promising potential across a wide spectrum of areas, including biology, energy, and the environment. However, fabrication of graphene nanofibers remains a challenging issue due to the broad size distribution and extremely poor solubility of graphene. Herein, we report a facile yet efficient approach for fabricating a novel class of polymer core-reduced graphene oxide shell nanofiber mat (RGO-CSNFM) by direct heat-driven self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets onto the surface of electrospun polymeric nanofibers without any requirement of surface treatment. Thus-prepared RGO-CSNFM demonstrated excellent mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible properties. RGO-CSNFM also promoted a higher cell anchorage and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to the free-standing RGO film without the nanoscale fibrous structure. Further, cell viability of hMSCs was comparable to that on the tissue culture plates (TCPs) with a distinctive healthy morphology, indicating that the nanoscale fibrous architecture plays a critically constructive role in supporting cellular activities. In addition, the RGO-CSNFM exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, making them an ideal candidate for conductive cell culture, biosensing, and tissue engineering applications. These findings could provide a new benchmark for preparing well-defined graphene-based nanomaterial configurations and interfaces for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and DSAPM Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shreyas Kuddannaya
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhenling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Applications, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tutak W, Jyotsnendu G, Bajcsy P, Simon CG. Nanofiber scaffolds influence organelle structure and function in bone marrow stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:989-1001. [PMID: 26888543 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates that osteoprogenitor cell culture on nanofiber scaffolds can promote differentiation. This response may be driven by changes in cell morphology caused by the three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibers. We hypothesized that nanofiber effects on cell behavior may be mediated by changes in organelle structure and function. To test this hypothesis, human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers scaffolds and on PCL flat spuncoat films. After 1 day-culture, hBMSCs were stained for actin, nucleus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, and then imaged using 3D confocal microscopy. Imaging revealed that the hBMSC cell body (actin) and peroxisomal volume were reduced during culture on nanofibers. In addition, the nucleus and peroxisomes occupied a larger fraction of cell volume during culture on nanofibers than on films, suggesting enhancement of the nuclear and peroxisomal functional capacity. Organelles adopted morphologies with greater 3D-character on nanofibers, where the Z-Depth (a measure of cell thickness) was increased. Comparisons of organelle positions indicated that the nucleus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes were closer to the cell center (actin) for nanofibers, suggesting that nanofiber culture induced active organelle positioning. The smaller cell volume and more centralized organelle positioning would reduce the energy cost of inter-organelle vesicular transport during culture on nanofibers. Finally, hBMSC bioassay measurements (DNA, peroxidase, bioreductive potential, lactate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) indicated that peroxidase activity may be enhanced during nanofiber culture. These results demonstrate that culture of hBMSCs on nanofibers caused changes in organelle structure and positioning, which may affect organelle functional capacity and transport. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 989-1001, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojtek Tutak
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Yeddumailaram, AP, India
| | - Giri Jyotsnendu
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Peter Bajcsy
- American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Carl G Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang X, Li Y, Chen YE, Chen J, Ma PX. Cell-free 3D scaffold with two-stage delivery of miRNA-26a to regenerate critical-sized bone defects. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10376. [PMID: 26765931 PMCID: PMC4735608 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being developed to enhance tissue regeneration. Here we show that a hyperbranched polymer with high miRNA-binding affinity and negligible cytotoxicity can self-assemble into nano-sized polyplexes with a 'double-shell' miRNA distribution and high transfection efficiency. These polyplexes are encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres to enable controllable two-stage (polyplexes and miRNA) delivery. The microspheres are attached to cell-free nanofibrous polymer scaffolds that spatially control the release of miR-26a. This technology is used to regenerate critical-sized bone defects in osteoporotic mice by targeting Gsk-3β to activate the osteoblastic activity of endogenous stem cells, thus addressing a critical challenge in regenerative medicine of achieving cell-free scaffold-based miRNA therapy for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu T, Miszuk JM, Zhao Y, Sun H, Fong H. Electrospun polycaprolactone 3D nanofibrous scaffold with interconnected and hierarchically structured pores for bone tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2238-46. [PMID: 26332611 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D nanofibrous scaffold has been developed by an innovative and convenient approach (i.e., thermally induced nanofiber self-agglomeration followed by freeze drying), and the scaffold possesses interconnected and hierarchically structured pores including macropores with sizes up to ≈300 μm. The novel PCL 3D scaffold is soft and elastic with very high porosity of ≈96.4%, thus it is morphologically/structurally similar to natural extracellular matrix and well suited for cell functions and tissue formation. The in vitro studies reveal that the scaffold can lead to high cell viability; more importantly, it is able to promote more potent BMP2-induced chondrogenic than osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent to the in vitro findings, the in vivo results indicate that the electrospun PCL 3D scaffold acts as a favorable synthetic extracellular matrix for functional bone regeneration through the physiological endochondral ossification process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Program of Biomedical Engineering; South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD 57701 USA
| | - Jacob M. Miszuk
- Program of Biomedical Engineering; University of South Dakota; Sioux Falls SD 57107 USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Program of Biomedical Engineering; South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD 57701 USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Program of Biomedical Engineering; University of South Dakota; Sioux Falls SD 57107 USA
| | - Hao Fong
- Program of Biomedical Engineering; South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Rapid City SD 57701 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang YH, Khan Z, Ma C, Lim HJ, Smith Callahan LA. Optimization of adhesive conditions for neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells using hydrogels functionalized with continuous Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val concentration gradients. Acta Biomater 2015; 21:55-62. [PMID: 25931018 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies, which aim to restore neurological function after central nervous system injury, have shown increased efficacy when a tissue engineering matrix is implanted with cells compared to implantation of the cells alone. However, much work still needs to be done to characterize materials that can be used to facilitate and direct the differentiation of implanted cells. In the current study, polyethylene glycol hydrogels functionalized with continuous Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (IKVAV) concentration gradients were fabricated and utilized to systematically study and optimize the adhesive conditions for neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in two- and three-dimensional environments. The results suggest that 570 μM and 60 μM are the optimal IKVAV concentrations for 2D and 3D neural differentiation, respectively, to maximize mRNA expression of neuron-specific markers and neurite extension while minimizing apoptotic activities in cultured cells compared to those exposed to higher IKVAV concentrations. The combinatorial approach presented in this work demonstrates that hydrogels functionalized with bioactive peptides provide a defined and tunable platform that can be employed to characterize and improve culture conditions for superior survival, maturation and integration of implanted cells, leading to enhanced restoration of neurological function for those receiving stem cell therapies after traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang P, Mao Z, Gao C. Combinational effect of matrix elasticity and alendronate density on differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:76-84. [PMID: 25805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by multivariate physical and chemical signals in a complicated microenvironment. In this study, polymerizable double bonds (GelMA) and osteo-inductive alendronate (Aln) (Aln-GelMA) were sequentially grafted onto gelatin molecules. The biocompatible hydrogels with defined stiffness in the range of 4-40 kPa were prepared by using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as additional crosslinker. The Aln density was adjusted from 0 to 4 μM by controlling the ratio between the GelMA and Aln-GelMA. The combinational effects of stiffness and Aln density on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs were then studied in terms of ALP activity, collagen type I and osteocalcin expression, and calcium deposition. The results indicated that the stiffness and Aln density could synergistically improve the expression of all these osteogenesis markers. Their osteo-inductive effects are comparable to some extent, and high Aln density could be more effective than the stiffness.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:728-744. [PMID: 26029344 PMCID: PMC4444613 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life-sciences for regeneration of damaged tissues. Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we focus on the recent reports that investigated the various aspects of scaffolds including the materials used for scaffold fabrication, surface modification of scaffolds, topography and mechanical properties of scaffolds towards stem cells differentiation effect. We will present a more detailed overview on the effect of mechanical properties of scaffolds on stem cells fate.
Collapse
|
35
|
Creation of a functional graded nanobiomembrane using a new electrospinning system for drug release control and an in vitro validation of drug release behavior of the coating membrane. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 50:133-40. [PMID: 25746254 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional graded nanobiomembranes (FGMs) with multiple layers were created by a single process using a novel electrospinning system equipped with a generator and a PCI type motion board as a controller in order to control the drug release rate. By varying physical apparatus-related parameters such as nozzle-to-collector distance via a robot and the collector moving velocity the FGMs were formed. For the membrane base layer, poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with paclitaxel (PTX) was dissolved in a solvent (dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide) and electrospun. For the top layers, the PCL solution was electrospun according to the distance and FGM system parameters, which can move the collector location at a constant ratio. It was observed that pore size, porosity, and permeability were higher when the membrane was spun at the far distance. The top surface of FGM is more porous, rougher, more permeable, and more hydrophilic so as to be active to the surrounding tissue cells. Meanwhile, the porous inside membrane was as low as the membrane spun at a close distance. Thus it induced a slow drug release due to the internal structure of FGM, which is considered to be very effective for slow drug release as well as bioactivity and bioconductivity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Akbarzadeh R, Minton JA, Janney CS, Smith TA, James PF, Yousefi AM. Hierarchical polymeric scaffolds support the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:116. [PMID: 25665851 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering makes use of the principles of biology and engineering to sustain 3D cell growth and promote tissue repair and/or regeneration. In this study, macro/microporous scaffold architectures have been developed using a hybrid solid freeform fabrication/thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) dissolved in 1,4-dioxane was used to generate a microporous matrix by the TIPS method. The 3D-bioplotting technique was used to fabricate 3D macroporous constructs made of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Embedding the PEG constructs inside the PLGA solution prior to the TIPS process and subsequent extraction of PEG following solvent removal (1,4-dioaxane) resulted in a macro/microporous structure. These hierarchical scaffolds with a bimodal pore size distribution (<50 and >300 μm) contained orthogonally interconnected macro-channels generated by the extracted PEG. The diameter of the macro-channels was varied by tuning the dispensing parameters of the 3D bioplotter. The in vitro cell culture using murine MC3T3-E1 cell line for 21 days demonstrated that these scaffolds could provide a favorable environment to support cell adhesion and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baker BA, Pine PS, Chatterjee K, Kumar G, Lin NJ, McDaniel JH, Salit ML, Simon CG. Ontology analysis of global gene expression differences of human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on 3D scaffolds or 2D films. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6716-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
38
|
Lyu Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Ding K, Liu H, Yuan L, Shi X, Wang M, Wang Y, Chen H. Maintaining the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells on gold nanoparticle layers with nanoscale but not microscale surface roughness. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6959-6969. [PMID: 24839204 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient control of the self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) is a prerequisite for translating stem cell technologies to clinical applications. Surface topography is one of the most important factors that regulates cell behaviors. In the present study, micro/nano topographical structures composed of a gold nanoparticle layer (GNPL) with nano-, sub-micro-, and microscale surface roughnesses were used to study the roles of these structures in regulating the behaviors of mouse ESCs (mESCs) under feeder-free conditions. The distinctive results from Oct-4 immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrate that nanoscale and low sub-microscale surface roughnesses (Rq less than 392 nm) are conducive to the long-term maintenance of mESC pluripotency, while high sub-microscale and microscale surface roughnesses (Rq greater than 573 nm) result in a significant loss of mESC pluripotency and a faster undirectional differentiation, particularly in long-term culture. Moreover, the likely signalling cascades engaged in the topological sensing of mESCs were investigated and their role in affecting the maintenance of the long-term cell pluripotency was discussed by analyzing the expression of proteins related to E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesions and integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs). Additionally, the conclusions from MTT, cell morphology staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays show that the surface roughness can provide a potent regulatory signal for various mESC behaviors, including cell attachment, proliferation and osteoinduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Lyu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei J, Han J, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Wang B, Xiao Z, Chen B, Dai J. The importance of three-dimensional scaffold structure on stemness maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7724-33. [PMID: 24930853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms of cell fate regulation is important for scientific research and stem cell-based therapy. The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultured mES cells are in a very different 2D niche from the in vivo equivalent-inner cell mass (ICM). Because the cell fate decision could be regulated by many cues which could be impacted by geometry, the traditional 2D culture system would hamper us from understanding the in vivo situations correctly. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold was believed to provide a 3D environment closed to the in vivo one. In this work, three different scaffolds were prepared for cell culture. Several characters of mES cells were changed under 3D scaffolds culture compared to 2D, and these changes were mainly due to the alteration in geometry but not the matrix. The self-renewal of mES cells was promoted by the introducing of dimensionality. The stemness maintenance of mES was supported by all three 3D scaffolds without feeder cells in the long-time culture. Our findings demonstrated that the stemness maintenance of mES cells was promoted by the 3D geometry of scaffolds and this would provide a promising platform for ES cell research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Park S, Im GI. Stem cell responses to nanotopography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1238-45. [PMID: 24853234 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells interact with various nanoscaled topographical and biochemical cues in their cellular macromolecular environment. Nanotopography recreates or mimic the cellular macromolecular environment in vitro. The influence of material surface topography on the behavior of adherent cells has been studied. Current techniques enable various kinds of nanopatterned surface to be generated and applied to cells. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of nanotopography and its surface patterns, and introduce nanotopography effects on cell behavior including cell attachment, proliferation, and cell differentiation with particular emphasis on musculoskeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Farooque TM, Camp CH, Tison CK, Kumar G, Parekh SH, Simon CG. Measuring stem cell dimensionality in tissue scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2558-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
42
|
Ramier J, Boubaker MB, Guerrouache M, Langlois V, Grande D, Renard E. Novel routes to epoxy functionalization of PHA-based electrospun scaffolds as ways to improve cell adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ramier
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| | - Meyssoun Ben Boubaker
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| | - Mohamed Guerrouache
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| | - Valérie Langlois
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| | - Daniel Grande
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| | - Estelle Renard
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux; UMR 7182 CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil, 2 rue Henri Dunant; 92340 Thiais France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zonca MR, Yune PS, Williams JK, Gu M, Unser AM, Imbrogno J, Belfort G, Xie Y. Enhanced stem cell pluripotency in surface-modified electrospun fibrous matrices. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:215-24. [PMID: 24105973 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A previously screened "hit chemistry" (N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide) that supports strong attachment and long-term self-renewal of ES cells is selected and grafted to poly(ether sulfone) (PES) fibrous matrices through plasma-induced graft polymerization. The 3D modified fibers exhibit higher cell proliferation and greater expression of pluripotency markers of mouse ES cells than 2D membranes. It is the first demonstration of scaling up an optimal synthetic surface chemistry in 2D using a high throughput synthesis, screening, and selection method to 3D that strongly influences pluripotent stem cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zonca
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Smith Callahan LA, Policastro GM, Bernard SL, Childers EP, Boettcher R, Becker ML. Influence of discrete and continuous culture conditions on human mesenchymal stem cell lineage choice in RGD concentration gradient hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3047-54. [PMID: 23844746 PMCID: PMC5944333 DOI: 10.1021/bm4006112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have shown lineage-specific differentiation when cultured on substrates possessing signaling groups derived from the native tissue. A distinct determinant in this process is the concentration of the signaling motif. While several groups have been working actively to determine the specific factors, concentrations, and mechanisms governing the differentiation process, many have been turning to combinatorial and gradient approaches in attempts to optimize the multiple chemical and physical parameters needed for the next advance. However, there has not been a direct comparison between the cellular behavior and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in gradient and discrete substrates, which quantitates the effect of differences caused by cell-produced, soluble factors due to design differences between the culture systems. In this study, the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in continuous and discrete polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogels containing an RGD concentration gradient from 0 to 14 mM were examined to study the effects of the different culture conditions on stem-cell behavior. Culture condition was found to affect every osteogenic (alkaline phosphatase, Runx 2, type 1 collagen, bone sailoprotein, and calcium content) and adipogenic marker (oil red and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) examined regardless of RGD concentration. Only in the continuous gradient culture did RGD concentration affect human mesenchymal stem-cell lineage commitment with low RGD concentrations expressing higher osteogenic differentiation than high RGD concentrations. Conversely, high RGD concentrations expressed higher adipogenic differentiation than low RGD concentrations. Cytoskeletal actin organization was only affected by culture condition at low RGD concentrations, indicating that it played a limited role in the differences in lineage commitment observed. Therefore, the role of discrete versus gradient strategies in high-throughput experimentation needs to be considered when designing experiments as we show that the respective strategies alter cellular outcomes even though base scaffolds have similar material and chemical properties.
Collapse
|
45
|
Smith Callahan LA, Childers EP, Bernard SL, Weiner SD, Becker ML. Maximizing phenotype constraint and extracellular matrix production in primary human chondrocytes using arginine-glycine-aspartate concentration gradient hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7420-8. [PMID: 23567942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
New systematic approaches are necessary to determine and optimize the chemical and mechanical scaffold properties for hyaline cartilage generation using the limited cell numbers obtained from primary human sources. Peptide functionalized hydrogels possessing continuous variations in physico-chemical properties are an efficient three-dimensional platform for studying several properties simultaneously. Herein, we describe a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogel system possessing a gradient of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (RGD) concentrations from 0mM to 10mM. The system is used to correlate primary human osteoarthritic chondrocyte proliferation, phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix (ECM) production to the gradient hydrogel properties. Cell number and chondrogenic phenotype (CD14:CD90 ratios) were found to decline in regions with higher RGD concentrations, while regions with lower RGD concentrations maintained cell number and phenotype. Over three weeks of culture, hydrogel regions containing lower RGD concentrations experience an increase in ECM content compared to regions with higher RGD concentrations. Variations in actin amounts and vinculin organization were observed within the RGD concentration gradients that contribute to the differences in chondrogenic phenotype maintenance and ECM expression.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kingham E, White K, Gadegaard N, Dalby MJ, Oreffo ROC. Nanotopographical cues augment mesenchymal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2140-2151. [PMID: 23362187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of bone-forming osteogenic cells for research purposes or transplantation therapies remains a significant challenge. Using planar polycarbonate substrates lacking in topographical cues and substrates displaying a nanotopographical pattern, mesenchymal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is directed in the absence of chemical factors and without induction of differentiation by embryoid body formation. Cells incubated on nanotopographical substrates show enhanced expression of mesenchymal or stromal markers and expression of early osteogenic progenitors at levels above those detected in cells on planar substrates in the same basal media. Evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during substrate differentiation and DNA methylation changes akin to chemical induction are also observed. These studies provide a suitable approach to overcome regenerative medical challenges and describe a defined, reproducible platform for human embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmajayne Kingham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smith Callahan LA, Ganios AM, Childers EP, Weiner SD, Becker ML. Primary human chondrocyte extracellular matrix formation and phenotype maintenance using RGD-derivatized PEGDM hydrogels possessing a continuous Young's modulus gradient. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6095-104. [PMID: 23291491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ex vivo methods for expanding primary human chondrocytes while maintaining the phenotype is critical to advancing the sourcing of autologous cells for tissue engineering applications. While there has been significant research reported in the literature, systematic approaches are necessary to determine and optimize the chemical and mechanical scaffold properties for hyaline cartilage generation using limited cell numbers. Functionalized hydrogels possessing continuous variations in physico-chemical properties are, therefore, an efficient three-dimensional platform for studying several properties simultaneously. Herein we describe a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogel system with a modulus gradient (~27,000-3800 Pa) containing a uniform concentration of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to enhance cell adhesion in order to correlate primary human osteoarthritic chondrocyte proliferation, phenotype maintenance, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production with hydrogel properties. Cell number and chondrogenic phenotype (CD14:CD90 ratios) were found to decline in regions with a higher storage modulus (>13,100 Pa), while regions with a lower storage modulus maintained their cell number and phenotype. Over 3 weeks culture hydrogel regions possessing a lower Young's modulus experienced an increase in ECM content (~200%) compared with regions with a higher storage modulus. Variations in the amount and organization of the cytoskeletal markers actin and vinculin were observed within the modulus gradient, which are indicative of differences in chondrogenic phenotype maintenance and ECM expression. Thus scaffold mechanical properties have a significant impact in modulating human osteoarthritic chondrocyte behavior and tissue formation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kingham E, Oreffo ROC. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells: understanding, creating, and exploiting the nano-niche for regenerative medicine. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1867-81. [PMID: 23414366 PMCID: PMC3610401 DOI: 10.1021/nn3037094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into any specialized cell type of the human body, and therefore, ESC/iPSC-derived cell types offer great potential for regenerative medicine. However, key to realizing this potential requires a strong understanding of stem cell biology, techniques to maintain stem cells, and strategies to manipulate cells to efficiently direct cell differentiation toward a desired cell type. As nanoscale science and engineering continues to produce novel nanotechnology platforms, which inform, infiltrate, and impinge on many aspects of everyday life, it is no surprise that stem cell research is turning toward developments in nanotechnology to answer research questions and to overcome obstacles in regenerative medicine. Here we discuss recent advances in ESC and iPSC manipulation using nanomaterials and highlight future challenges within this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmajayne Kingham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tutak W, Sarkar S, Lin-Gibson S, Farooque TM, Jyotsnendu G, Wang D, Kohn J, Bolikal D, Simon CG. The support of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation by airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2389-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
50
|
Li H, Wong YS, Wen F, Ng KW, Ng GKL, Venkatraman SS, Boey FYC, Tan LP. Human Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Behaviour On Direct Laser Micropatterned Electrospun Scaffolds with Hierarchical Structures. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:299-310. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|