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Foster T, Lewkowicz M, Quintas C, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Wong EYM, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Novel Nanoencapsulation Technology and its Potential Role in Bile Acid-Based Targeted Gene Delivery to the Inner Ear. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204986. [PMID: 36538754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss impacts a large proportion of the global population. Damage to the inner ear, in particular the sensitive hair cells, can impact individuals for the rest of their lives. There are very limited options for interventions after damage to these cells has occurred. Targeted gene delivery may provide an effective means to trigger appropriate differentiation of progenitor cells for effective replacement of these sensitive hair cells. There are several hurdles that need to be overcome to effectively deliver these genes. Nanoencapsulation technology has previously been used for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, proteins and nucleic acids, and may provide an effective means of delivering genes to trigger appropriate differentiation. This review investigates the background of hearing loss, current advancements and pitfalls of gene delivery, and how nanoencapsulation may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Lewkowicz
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Quintas
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elaine Y M Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Liu L, Yang Z, Liu C, Wang M, Chen Y. Effect of molecular weight of polysaccharide on efficient plasmid
DNA
delivery by
polyethylenimine‐polysaccharide‐Fe
(
III
) complexes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Chaobing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Mengying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Yiran Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
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3
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Malina J, Kostrhunova H, Novohradsky V, Scott P, Brabec V. Metallohelix vectors for efficient gene delivery via cationic DNA nanoparticles. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:674-683. [PMID: 35018455 PMCID: PMC8789045 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of efficient and safe gene delivery vehicles remains a major challenge for the application of gene therapy. Of the many reported gene delivery systems, metal complexes with high affinity for nucleic acids are emerging as an attractive option. We have discovered that certain metallohelices-optically pure, self-assembling triple-stranded arrays of fully encapsulated Fe-act as nonviral DNA delivery vectors capable of mediating efficient gene transfection. They induce formation of globular DNA particles which protect the DNA from degradation by various restriction endonucleases, are of suitable size and electrostatic potential for efficient membrane transport and are successfully processed by cells. The activity is highly structure-dependent-compact and shorter metallohelix enantiomers are far less efficient than less compact and longer enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Malina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
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4
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Wu Q, Zhang SY, Liao SY, Cao JQ, Zheng WJ, Li L, Mei WJ. Chiral Ru(ii) complexes act as a potential non-viral gene carrier for directional transportation to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Metallomics 2020; 12:504-513. [PMID: 32051986 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences can spontaneously fold into four-stranded structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s have been identified extensively in the promoter regions of several proto-oncogenes, including c-myc, as well as telomeres. G4s have attracted an increasing amount of attention in the field of nanotechnology because of their use as versatile building blocks of DNA-based nanostructures. In this study, we report the self-assembly of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA controlled by a pair of chiral ruthenium(ii) complexes coordinated by 2-(4-phenyacetylenephenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline (PBEPIP), Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(PBEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Λ-RM0627, bpy = bipyridine) and Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(PBEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Δ-RM0627). Λ-RM0627 could promote the high-order self-assembly of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA into a nanowire structure, whereas Δ-RM0627 could induce DNA condensation into G-quadruplex aggregates. Moreover, in vitro studies on human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells showed that the nanowire of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA promoted by Λ-RM0627 could be localized in the nuclei of cells, whereas the nanoparticle of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA generated by Δ-RM0627 was taken up and localized in the cytoplasm. This study provides examples of the enantioselective self-assembly of G4 DNA molecules controlled by chiral ruthenium(ii) complexes and suggests the potential applications of assembled nanostructures as non-viral DNA vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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5
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Liu L, Ni D, Yan Y, Wu S, Chen X, Guan J, Xiong X, Liu G. Development of a novel DNA delivery system based on rice bran polysaccharide-Fe(III) complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:600-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Patil S, Gao YG, Lin X, Li Y, Dang K, Tian Y, Zhang WJ, Jiang SF, Qadir A, Qian AR. The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5491. [PMID: 31690044 PMCID: PMC6862238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Shan-Feng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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7
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McStay N, Reilly AM, Gathergood N, Kellett A. Efficient DNA Condensation by a C3‐Symmetric Codeine Scaffold. Chempluschem 2018; 84:38-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha McStay
- School of Chemical Sciencesand National Institute for Cellular BiotechnologyDublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Anthony M. Reilly
- School of Chemical SciencesDublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical CentreSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciencesand National Institute for Cellular BiotechnologyDublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical CentreSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
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8
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9
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Yu GN, Huang JC, Li L, Liu RT, Cao JQ, Wu Q, Zhang SY, Wang CX, Mei WJ, Zheng WJ. Preparation of Ru(ii)@oligonucleotide nanosized polymers as potential tumor-imaging luminescent probes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30573-30581. [PMID: 35546841 PMCID: PMC9085494 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Ru(ii) complexes as luminescent probes has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. In this study, the nanosized polymers of two Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(phen)2(dppz)](ClO4)2 (1, phen = 1,10-phenanthrolin; dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) and [Ru(phen)2(Br-dppz)](ClO4)2 (2, Br-dppz = 11-bromodipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) with oligonucleotides were prepared and investigated as potential tumor-imaging probes. The formation of the nanosized polymers, which had an average width of 125–438 nm and an average height of 3–6 nm, for 1 and 2@oligonucleotides were observed through atomic force microscopy. The emission spectra indicated that the luminescence of 1 and 2 markedly increased after binding to oligonucleotides and double-strand DNA (calf thymus DNA), respectively. Moreover, further studies indicated that 1@oligonucleotides and 2@oligonucleotides can easily enter into tumor cells and selectively highlight the tumor area in the zebrafish bear xenograft tumor (MDA-MB-231). In summary, this study demonstrated that 1@oligonucleotides and 2@oligonucleotides could be developed as potential tumor-imaging luminescent probes for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Ru(ii)@oligonucleotide nanoparticles can be developed as potential tumor selective tracker and have potential applications of tumor targeting imaging.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Nan Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jun-Chao Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ruo-Tong Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | | | - Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
- School of Chemistry
| | - Shuang-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Cheng-Xi Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Centre for Molecular Probe and Biomedicine Imaging
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10
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Bhat SS, Shivalingegowda N, Revankar VK, Lokanath N, Kugaji MS, Kumbar V, Bhat K. Synthesis, structural characterization and biological properties of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:127-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Li L, Liu HM, Liu XK, Liao SY, Lan YT, Wu Q, Wang XC, Wang Q, Zhang SY, Mei WJ. A Ruthenium(ii) complex as a potential luminescent switch-on probe for G-quadruplex DNA. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01853c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A ruthenium(ii) complex can be developed as a potential luminescence switch-on probe through selectively recognizing and promoting self-assembly of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- The First Affiliation Hospital
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xu-Kui Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Si-Yan Liao
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yu-Tao Lan
- School of Nursing
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xi-Cheng Wang
- The First Affiliation Hospital
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Shuang-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
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12
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Bhat SS, Revankar VK, Pinjari RV, S N, Bogar C, Bhat K, Kawade VA. Efficient DNA condensation by ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes containing triptycenyl functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of luminescent ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes containing an extended aromatic moiety derived from triptycene and 1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized and their photophysical, theoretical, and biological properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry
- Karnatak University
- Dharwad-580003
- India
| | | | - Rahul V. Pinjari
- School of Chemical Science
- Swami Raman and Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded-431606
- India
| | - Naveen S
- Institution of Excellence
- Vijnana Bhavana
- University of Mysore
- Mysuru 570006
- India
| | - Chetana Bogar
- Department of Microbiology
- Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre
- Belgaum
- India
| | - Kishor Bhat
- Department of Microbiology
- Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre
- Belgaum
- India
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13
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Bhat SS, Revankar VK, Khan A, Pinjari RV, Necas M. Luminescent Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Nonviral Carriers for DNA Delivery. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:254-264. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry; Karnatak University; Dharwad 580003 Karnataka India
| | | | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Savitribhai Phule University of Pune; Pune 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Rahul V. Pinjari
- School of Chemical Science; Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University; Nanded 431606 Maharashtra India
| | - Marek Necas
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kotlarska 2 61137 Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC); Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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14
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Rane LB, Kate AN, Ramteke SN, Shravage BV, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar AA. Fluorescent zinc(ii) complexes for gene delivery and simultaneous monitoring of protein expression. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16984-16996. [PMID: 27711702 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new zinc(ii) complexes, [Zn(l-His)(NIP)]+(1) and [Zn(acac)2(NIP)](2) (where NIP is 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, acac = acetyl acetone), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, fluorescence, IR, 1H NMR and electron spray ionization mass spectroscopies. Gel retardation assay, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies show that 1 and 2 can induce the condensation of circular plasmid pBR322 DNA into nanometer size particles under ambient conditions. Treatment of 2 with 5 mM EDTA restored 30% of the supercoiled form of DNA, revealing partial reversibility of DNA condensation. The in vitro transfection experiment demonstrates that the complexes can be used to deliver pCMV-tdTomato-N1 plasmid which expresses red fluorescent protein. The confocal studies show that the fluorescent nature of complexes is advantageous for visualizing the intracellular delivery of metal complexes as well as transfection efficiency using two distinct emission windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita B Rane
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune - 411007, India.
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15
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Singh SB, Kumbhar AS, Khan A. Honeycomb-like Ordered Assembly of DNA Induced by Flexible Binuclear Ruthenium(II)-Polypyridyl Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:15760-15771. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Savitribai Phule Pune University; Pune- 411007 India
| | - Avinash S. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry; Savitribai Phule Pune University; Pune- 411007 India
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Savitribai Phule Pune University; Pune- 411007 India
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Meng X, Zhao D, Zhang D, Wang L, Liu C. A Simple Zn2+ Complex-Based Composite System for Efficient Gene Delivery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158766. [PMID: 27433798 PMCID: PMC4951035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes might become a new type of promising gene delivery systems because of their low cytotoxicity, structural diversity, controllable aqua- and lipo-solubility, and appropriate density and distribution of positive charges. In this study, Zn2+ complexes (1-10) formed with a series of ligands contained benzimidazole(bzim)were prepared and characterized. They were observed to have different affinities for DNA, dependent on their numbers of positive charges, bzim groups, and coordination structures around Zn2+. The binding induced DNA to condensate into spherical nanoparticles with ~ 50 nm in diameter. The cell transfection efficiency of the DNA nanoparticles was poor, although they were low toxic. The sequential addition of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) TAT(48-60) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) resulted in the large DNA condensates (~ 100 nm in diameter) and the increased cellular uptake. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis was found to be a key cellular uptake pathway of the nanoparticles formed with or without TAT(48-60) or/and PEG. The DNA nanoparticles with TAT(48-60) and PEG was found to have the cell transfection efficiency up to 20% of the commercial carrier Lipofect. These results indicated that a simple Zn2+-bzim complex-based composite system can be developed for efficient and low toxic gene delivery through the combination with PEG and CPPs such as TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xianggao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (LW)
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (LW)
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17
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Li S, Dai M, Zhang C, Jiang B, Xu J, Zhou D, Gu Z. DNA Cleavage and Condensation Activities of Mono- and Binuclear Hybrid Complexes and Regulation by Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2016; 21:E920. [PMID: 27428945 PMCID: PMC6274443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid complexes with N,N'-bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine and cyclen moieties are novel enzyme mimics and controlled DNA release materials, which could interact with DNA through three models under different conditions. In this paper, the interactions between plasmid DNA and seven different complexes were investigated, and the methods to change the interaction patterns by graphene oxide (GO) or concentrations were also investigated. The cleavage of pUC19 DNA promoted by target complexes were via hydrolytic or oxidative mechanisms at low concentrations ranging from 3.13 × 10(-7) to 6.25 × 10(-5) mol/L. Dinuclear complexes 2a and 2b can promote the cleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA to a linear form at pH values below 7.0. Furthermore, binuclear hybrid complexes could condense DNA as nanoparticles above 3.13 × 10(-5) mol/L and partly release DNA by graphene oxide with π-π stacking. Meanwhile, the results also reflected that graphene oxide could prevent DNA from breaking down. Cell viability assays showed dinuclear complexes were safe to normal human hepatic cells at relative high concentrations. The present work might help to develop novel strategies for the design and synthesis of DNA controllable releasing agents, which may be applied to gene delivery and also to exploit the new application for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Mingxing Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Target Drug and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Bingying Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Junqiang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Dewen Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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18
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Wu Q, Mei W, Zheng K, Ding Y. Self-assembly of c-myc DNA promoted by a single enantiomer ruthenium complex as a potential nuclear targeting gene carrier. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28582. [PMID: 27381008 PMCID: PMC4933878 DOI: 10.1038/srep28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has long been limited in the clinic, due in part to the lack of safety and efficacy of the gene carrier. Herein, a single enantiomer ruthenium(II) complex, Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(p-BEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Λ-RM0627, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, p-BEPIP = 2-(4-phenylacetylenephenyl)imidazole [4,5f][1, 10] phenanthroline), has been synthesized and investigated as a potential gene carrier that targets the nucleus. In this report, it is shown that Λ-RM0627 promotes self-assembly of c-myc DNA to form a nanowire structure. Further studies showed that the nano-assembly of c-myc DNA that induced Λ-RM0627 could be efficiently taken up and enriched in the nuclei of HepG2 cells. After treatment of the nano-assembly of c-myc DNA with Λ-RM0627, over-expression of c-myc in HepG2 cells was observed. In summary, Λ-RM0627 played a key role in the transfer and release of c-myc into cells, which strongly indicates Λ-RM0627 as a potent carrier of c-myc DNA that targets the nucleus of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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19
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Uboldi C, Orsière T, Darolles C, Aloin V, Tassistro V, George I, Malard V. Poorly soluble cobalt oxide particles trigger genotoxicity via multiple pathways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:5. [PMID: 26843362 PMCID: PMC4739324 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly soluble cobalt (II, III) oxide particles (Co3O4P) are believed to induce in vitro cytotoxic effects via a Trojan-horse mechanism. Once internalized into lysosomal and acidic intracellular compartments, Co3O4P slowly release a low amount of cobalt ions (Co(2+)) that impair the viability of in vitro cultures. In this study, we focused on the genotoxic potential of Co3O4P by performing a comprehensive investigation of the DNA damage exerted in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that poorly soluble Co3O4P enhanced the formation of micronuclei in binucleated cells. Moreover, by comet assay we showed that Co3O4P induced primary and oxidative DNA damage, and by scoring the formation of γ-H2Ax foci, we demonstrated that Co3O4P also generated double DNA strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the effects exerted by poorly soluble Co3O4P with those obtained in the presence of soluble cobalt chloride (CoCl2), we demonstrated that the genotoxic effects of Co3O4P are not simply due to the released Co(2+) but are induced by the particles themselves, as genotoxicity is observed at very low Co3O4P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Uboldi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Orsière
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Darolles
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Valérie Aloin
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Virginie Tassistro
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle George
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.,CEA, DSV, Institute of Biology and Technology Saclay (Ibitec-s), Molecular Labeling and Bio-organic Chemistry Unit (SCBM), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Malard
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. .,CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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20
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Qiu K, Yu B, Huang H, Zhang P, Huang J, Zou S, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A dendritic nano-sized hexanuclear ruthenium(II) complex as a one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vector. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10707. [PMID: 26185052 PMCID: PMC4505312 DOI: 10.1038/srep10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent tracking gene delivery could provide us with a better understanding of the critical steps in the transfection process. However, for in vivo tracking applications, a small diameter (<10 nm) is one of the rigorous requirements for tracking vectors. Herein, we have demonstrated a new paradigm for two-photon tracking gene delivery based on a dendritic nano-sized hexanuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex. Because this metallodendrimer has a multivalent periphery, the complex, which is 6.1 nm, showed high stability and excellent dispersibility and could stepwise condense DNA in vitro. With the outstanding photochemical properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl, this complex could track gene delivery in vivo using one- and two-photon imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bole Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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21
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Yu B, Ouyang C, Qiu K, Zhao J, Ji L, Chao H. Lipophilic Tetranuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Two-Photon Luminescent Tracking Non-Viral Gene Vectors. Chemistry 2015; 21:3691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Song Y, Zhang T, Song X, Zhang L, Zhang C, Xing J, Liang XJ. Polycations with excellent gene transfection ability based on PVP-g-PDMAEMA with random coil and micelle structures as non-viral gene vectors. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:911-918. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PVP-g-PDMAEMA formed random coils in water and PVP-g-PDMAEMA-b-PMMA self-assembled into spherical core–shell micelles. Both displayed excellent pDNA compacting abilities at an extremely low N/P ratio, with PVP-g-PDMAEMA-b-PMMA also showing excellent gear transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Tingbin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China
- Beijing
- China
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23
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Yue P, Zhang Y, Guo ZF, Cao AC, Lu ZL, Zhai YG. Synthesis of bifunctional molecules containing [12]aneN3 and coumarin moieties as effective DNA condensation agents and new non-viral gene vectors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4494-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional molecules with different combinations of [12]aneN3 and coumarin moieties were successfully applied in DNA condensation and gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yue
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhi-Fo Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
- College of Life Science
| | - Ao-Cheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong-Gong Zhai
- College of Life Science
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
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24
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Qiu K, Yu B, Huang H, Zhang P, Ji L, Chao H. Tetranuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes with oligo-oxyethylene linkers as one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7058-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Four tetranuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes Ru1–Ru4 based on oligo-oxyethylene and polybenzimidazole have been developed as one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Qiu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bole Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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25
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26
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Yang Y, Li CG, Luo XJ, Luo ZH, Liu RJ, Jiang YX, Liang WJ. Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA interaction studies of a 2D cadmium(II) coordination polymer constructed from 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.959015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University, Yulin537000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning530004, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Jian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University, Yulin537000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University, Yulin537000, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Jun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University, Yulin537000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xiu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning530004, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University, Yulin537000, P.R. China
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27
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Bao FF, Xu XX, Zhou W, Pang CY, Li Z, Gu ZG. Enantioselective DNA condensation induced by heptameric lanthanum helical supramolecular enantiomers. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Rajalakshmi S, Kiran MS, Nair BU. DNA condensation by copper(II) complexes and their anti-proliferative effect on cancerous and normal fibroblast cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:393-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Yan H, Yue P, Li Z, Guo Z, Lu Z. Syntheses of bifunctional molecules containing [12]aneN3 and carbazol moieties as effective DNA condensation agents. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Huang X, Dong X, Li X, Meng X, Zhang D, Liu C. Metal–polybenzimidazole complexes as a nonviral gene carrier: Effects of the DNA affinity on gene delivery. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Li C, Ma C, Xu P, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qiao R, Zhao Y. Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by a simple cyclic/rigid polyamine containing carbonyl moiety. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7857-67. [PMID: 23734659 DOI: 10.1021/jp312766u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The transfection of DNA in gene therapy largely depends on the possibility of obtaining its condensation. The details of nanoparticle formation are essential for functioning, as mediated by the diverse elements containing molecular structure, ionic strength in mediums, and condensing motivator. Here, we report two kinds of DNA condensing agents based on simple cyclic/rigid polyamine molecules, having evaluated their structural effect on nanoparticle formation. The reversible condensation-dissociation process was achieved by ion-switching, attributing to a possible condensing mechanism-competitive building of external hydrogen bonds. Using poly[(dA-dT)2] and poly[(dG-dC)2] as substrates, respectively, circular dichroism (CD) signals clearly presented dissimilar interactions between polyamines and both rich sequences, implying potential preference for G-C sequence. The presence of divalent ion Zn(2+) as an efficient motivator accelerated the achievement of DNA condensation, and an accessible schematic model was depicted to explain the promotion in detail. In addition, by comparison with the behaviors of linear polyamines, differences between condensation and aggregation were explicitly elucidated in aspects of morphology and surface charges, as well as induced condition. The present work may have the potential to reveal the precise mechanism of DNA nanoparticle formation and, in particular, be applied to gene delivery as an efficient nonviral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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32
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Yang Y, Yan LT, Luo XJ, Zhu YL, Qin RH, Jiang YX, Liang WJ. Structure, DNA-binding interaction and antitumour activity of two novel complexes coordinated by tridentate 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane ligand. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.792337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning , 530004 , P.R. China
| | - Liu-Ting Yan
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
| | - Xu-Jian Luo
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhu
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
| | - Rong-Huan Qin
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xiu Jiang
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning , 530004 , P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jiang Liang
- a School of Chemistry and Material, Yulin Normal University , Yulin , 537000 , P.R. China
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33
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The effect of a nuclear localization sequence on transfection efficacy of genes delivered by cobalt(II)–polybenzimidazole complexes. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7884-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Bhat SS, Kumbhar AS, Kumbhar AA, Khan A. Efficient DNA Condensation Induced by Ruthenium(II) Complexes of a Bipyridine-Functionalized Molecular Clip Ligand. Chemistry 2012; 18:16383-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Ashraf GM, Shakil S, Damanhouri GA, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology-based approaches in anticancer research. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4391-408. [PMID: 22927757 PMCID: PMC3420598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly complex disease to understand, because it entails multiple cellular physiological systems. The most common cancer treatments are restricted to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Moreover, the early recognition and treatment of cancer remains a technological bottleneck. There is an urgent need to develop new and innovative technologies that could help to delineate tumor margins, identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and determine whether a tumor has been completely removed or not. Nanotechnology has witnessed significant progress in the past few decades, and its effect is widespread nowadays in every field. Nanoparticles can be modified in numerous ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease chances of multidrug resistance by the use of nanotechnology. Recently, research in the field of cancer nanotechnology has made remarkable advances. The present review summarizes the application of various nanotechnology-based approaches towards the diagnostics and therapeutics of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Magnetic nanovectors for drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8 Suppl 1:S37-50. [PMID: 22640907 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds the promise of novel and more effective treatments for vexing human health issues. Among these are the use of nanoparticle platforms for site-specific delivery of therapeutics to tumors, both by passive and active mechanisms; the latter includes magnetic vectoring of magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNP) that are functionalized to carry a drug payload that is released at the tumor. The conceptual basis, which actually dates back a number of decades, resides in physical (magnetic) enhancement, with magnetic field gradients aligned non-parallel to the direction of flow in the tumor vasculature, of existing passive mechanisms for extravasation and accumulation of MNP in the tumor interstitial fluid, followed by MNP internalization. In this review, we will assess the most recent developments and current status of this approach, considering MNP that are composed of one or more of the three elements that are ferromagnetic at physiological temperature: nickel, cobalt and iron. The effects on cellular functions in vitro, the ability to successfully vector the platform in vivo, the anti-tumor effects of such localized nano-vectors, and any associated toxicities for these MNP will be presented. The merits and shortcomings of nanomaterials made of each of the three elements will be highlighted, and a roadmap for moving this long-established approach forward to clinical evaluation will be put forth.
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Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Suresh E, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA, Palaniandavar M. Mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (BBA) with diimine co-ligands: efficient chemical nuclease and protease activities and cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5512-32. [PMID: 22559171 DOI: 10.1021/ic2017177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear mixed ligand copper(II) complexes [Cu(bba)(diimine)](ClO(4))(2)1-4, where bba is N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine and diimine is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) (1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2), 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5,6-dmp) (3), or dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq) (4), have been isolated and characterized by analytical and spectral methods. The coordination geometry around copper(II) in 2 is described as square pyramidal with the two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms of the primary ligand bba and the two nitrogen atoms of phen (2) co-ligand constituting the equatorial plane and the amine nitrogen atom of bba occupying the apical position. In contrast, the two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atom of bba ligand and one of the two nitrogen atoms of 5,6-dmp constitute the equatorial plane of the trigonal bipyramidal distorted square based pyramidal (TBDSBP) coordination geometry of 3 with the other nitrogen atom of 5,6-dmp occupying the apical position. The structures of 1-4 have been optimized by using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Absorption spectral titrations with Calf Thymus (CT) DNA reveal that the intrinsic DNA binding affinity of the complexes depends upon the diimine co-ligand, dpq (4) > 5,6-dmp (3) > phen (2) > bpy (1). The DNA binding affinity of 4 is higher than 2 revealing that the π-stacking interaction of the dpq ring in between the DNA base pairs with the two bzim moieties of the bba ligand stacked along the DNA surface is more intimate than that of phen. The complex 3 is bound to DNA more strongly than 1 and 2 through strong hydrophobic interaction of the methyl groups on 5,6-positions of the phen ring in the DNA grooves. The extent of the decrease in relative emission intensities of DNA-bound ethidium bromide (EB) upon adding the complexes parallels the trend in DNA binding affinities. The large enhancement in relative viscosity of DNA upon binding to 3 and 4 supports the DNA binding modes proposed. Interestingly, the 5,6-dmp complex 3 is selective in exhibiting a positive induced CD band (ICD) upon binding to DNA suggesting that it induces a B to A conformational change. In contrast, 2 and 4 show induced CD responses indicating their involvement in strong DNA binding. Interestingly, only the dpq complex 4, which displays the strongest DNA binding affinity and is efficient in cleaving DNA in the absence of an activator with a rate constant of 5.8 ± 0.1 h(-1), which is higher than the uncatalyzed rate of DNA cleavage. All the complexes exhibit oxidative DNA cleavage ability, which varies as 4 > 2 > 3 > 1 (ascorbic acid) and 3 > 2 > 4 > 1 (H(2)O(2)). Also, the complexes cleave the protein bovine serum albumin in the presence of H(2)O(2) as an activator with the cleavage ability varying in the order 3 > 4 > 2 > 1. The highest efficiency of 3 to cleave both DNA and protein in the presence of H(2)O(2) is consistent with its strong hydrophobic interaction with the biopolymers. The IC(50) values of 1-4 against cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa) are almost equal to that of cisplatin, indicating that they have the potential to act as effective anticancer drugs in a time-dependent manner. The morphological assessment data obtained by using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining reveal that 3 induces apoptosis much more effectively than the other complexes. Also, the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis study (comet assay) suggests that the same complex induces DNA fragmentation more efficiently than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangasamy Loganathan
- Centre for Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Syntheses of [12]aneN3–oligopeptide conjugates as effective DNA condensation agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2897-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Klostergaard J, Seeney CE. Magnetic nanovectors for drug delivery. Maturitas 2012; 73:33-44. [PMID: 22402027 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds the promise of novel and more effective treatments for vexing human health issues. Among these are the use of nanoparticle platforms for site-specific delivery of therapeutics to tumors, both by passive and active mechanisms; the latter includes magnetic vectoring of magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNP) that are functionalized to carry a drug payload that is released at the tumor. The conceptual basis, which actually dates back a number of decades, resides in physical (magnetic) enhancement, with magnetic field gradients aligned non-parallel to the direction of flow in the tumor vasculature, of existing passive mechanisms for extravasation and accumulation of MNP in the tumor interstitial fluid, followed by MNP internalization. In this review, we will assess the most recent developments and current status of this approach, considering MNP that are composed of one or more of the three elements that are ferromagnetic at physiological temperature: nickel, cobalt and iron. The effects on cellular functions in vitro, the ability to successfully vector the platform in vivo, the anti-tumor effects of such localized nano-vectors, and any associated toxicities for these MNP will be presented. The merits and shortcomings of nanomaterials made of each of the three elements will be highlighted, and a roadmap for moving this long-established approach forward to clinical evaluation will be put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Klostergaard
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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40
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Liu G, Choi KY, Bhirde A, Swierczewska M, Yin J, Lee SW, Park JH, Hong JI, Xie J, Niu G, Kiesewetter DO, Lee S, Chen X. Sticky nanoparticles: a platform for siRNA delivery by a bis(zinc(II) dipicolylamine)-functionalized, self-assembled nanoconjugate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:445-9. [PMID: 22110006 PMCID: PMC3622591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Delivering the goods: Multifunctional, self-assembled, polymeric nanoparticles for the simultaneous delivery of small-molecule drugs and siRNA have been synthesized. The nanoparticles are composed of biodegradable hyaluronic acid, for tumor targeting and cellular delivery, and a high siRNA binding affinity is provided by a Zn(II)-dipicolylamine analogue as an artificial phosphate-binding receptor (see scheme).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA); Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College (China)
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Ashwinkumar Bhirde
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Magdalena Swierczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Juan Yin
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (Korea)
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (Korea)
| | - Jong In Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center University of Georgia (USA)
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia (USA)
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Seulki Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (USA)
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41
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Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ. Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:801-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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42
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Liu G, Choi KY, Bhirde A, Swierczewska M, Yin J, Lee SW, Park JH, Hong JI, Xie J, Niu G, Kiesewetter DO, Lee S, Chen X. Sticky Nanoparticles: A Platform for siRNA Delivery by a Bis(zinc(II) dipicolylamine)-Functionalized, Self-Assembled Nanoconjugate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, antioxidant activity and DNA binding of polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Meng X, Liu L, Zhang H, Luo Y, Liu C. Tris(benzimidazolyl)amine-Cu(ii) coordination units bridged by carboxylates: structures and DNA-condensing property. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12846-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Hua MY, Chen HC, Tsai RY, Leu YL, Liu YC, Lai JT. Synthesis and characterization of carboxylated polybenzimidazole and its use as a highly sensitive and selective enzyme-free H2O2 sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Bhat SS, Kumbhar AS, Kumbhar AA, Khan A, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes as carriers for DNA delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11068-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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