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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Rath G, Nanda SS, Yi DK. Success of nano-vaccines against COVID-19: a transformation in nanomedicine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1739-1761. [PMID: 36384360 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2148659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vaccines being used against COVID-19 are composed of either non-viral or viral nanoparticles (NPs). Nanotechnology-based vaccine technology was studied for its potentially transformative advancement of medicine. AREAS COVERED NPs protect the encapsulated mRNA in vaccines, thereby enhancing the stability of the ribonucleic acids and facilitating their intact delivery to their specific targets. Compared to liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are unique and, through their rigid morphology and better cellular penetrability, render enhanced cargo stability. To explore nanotechnology-mediated vaccine delivery and its potential in future pandemics, we assessed articles from various databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, including editorial/research notes, expert opinions, and collections of data from several clinical research trials. In the current review, we focus on the nanoparticulate approach of the different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and explore their success against the pandemic. EXPERT OPINION The mRNA-based vaccines, with their tremendous efficacy of ~95% (under phase III-IV clinical trials) and distinct nanocarriers (LNPs), represent a new medical front alongside DNA and siRNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gautam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
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Wang H, Yang S, Liu J, Fu Z, Liu Y, Zhou L, Guo H, Lan K, Chen Y. Human adenoviruses: A suspect behind the outbreak of acute hepatitis in children amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100043. [PMID: 37192861 PMCID: PMC10120317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As of 10 May 2022, at least 450 cases of pediatric patients with acute hepatitis of unknown cause have been reported worldwide. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been detected in at least 74 cases, including the F type HAdV41 in 18 cases, which indicates that adenoviruses may be associated with this mysterious childhood hepatitis, although other infectious agents or environmental factors cannot be excluded. In this review, we provide a brief introduction of the basic features of HAdVs and describe diseases caused by different HAdVs in humans, aiming to help understand the biology and potential risk of HAdVs and cope with the outbreak of acute child hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kisby T, Yilmazer A, Kostarelos K. Reasons for success and lessons learnt from nanoscale vaccines against COVID-19. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:843-850. [PMID: 34381200 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kong H, Zhao R, Zhang Q, Iqbal MZ, Lu J, Zhao Q, Luo D, Feng C, Zhang K, Liu X, Kong X. Biosilicified oncolytic adenovirus for cancer viral gene therapy. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5317-5328. [PMID: 32779647 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAs) have shown great potential for cancer viral gene therapy in clinical studies. To date, clinical trials have shown that the curative efficacy of OAs is still limited by hepatic sequestration and preexisting neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which decrease the accumulation of the OAs in tumors. Herein, with the biosilicification method, we encapsulated an OA encoding the anticancer gene Trail (OA-Trail) with silica, which significantly improved virus distribution and tumor inhibition. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that compared with the native OA, biosilicified OA-Trail (OA-Trail@SiO2) showed significantly reduced viral clearance in the liver and evaded nAb degradation, inducing an efficacious anticancer effect under the premise of biocompatibility. These achievements present an alternative strategy involving biosilicification for enhanced OA-based cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Current advances in developing cationic lipid-based nanoparticles as a vehicle for improving adenoviral gene delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yoon AR, Hong J, Kim SW, Yun CO. Redirecting adenovirus tropism by genetic, chemical, and mechanical modification of the adenovirus surface for cancer gene therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:843-58. [PMID: 26967319 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1158707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable advancements, clinical evaluations of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapies have highlighted the need for improved delivery and targeting. AREA COVERED Genetic modification of Ad capsid proteins has been extensively attempted. Although genetic modification enhances the therapeutic potential of Ad, it is difficult to successfully incorporate extraneous moieties into the capsid and the engineering process is laborious. Recently, chemical modification of the Ad surface with nanomaterials and targeting moieties has been found to enhance Ad internalization into the target by both passive and active mechanisms. Alternatively, external stimulus-mediated targeting can result in selective accumulation of Ad in the tumor and prevent dissemination of Ad into surrounding nontarget tissues. In the present review, we discuss various genetic, chemical, and mechanical engineering strategies for overcoming the challenges that hinder the therapeutic efficacy of Ad-based approaches. EXPERT OPINION Surface modification of Ad by genetic, chemical, or mechanical engineering strategies enables Ad to overcome the shortcomings of conventional Ad and enhances delivery efficiency through distinct and unique mechanisms that unmodified Ad cannot mimic. However, although the therapeutic potential of Ad-mediated gene therapy has been enhanced by various surface modification strategies, each strategy still possesses innate limitations that must be addressed, requiring innovative ideas and designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rum Yoon
- a Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hong
- a Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- a Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- a Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , Korea
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Development of dual-activity vectors by co-envelopment of adenovirus and SiRNA in artificial lipid bilayers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114985. [PMID: 25501573 PMCID: PMC4264847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy with human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) has been extensively explored for the treatment of diseases resistant to traditional therapies. Intravenous administration leads to rapid clearance from blood circulation and high liver accumulation, which restrict the use of Ad-based vectors in clinical gene therapy protocols that involve systemic administration. We have previously proposed that such limitations can be improved by engineering artificial lipid envelopes around Ad and designed a variety of artificial lipid bilayer envelopes around the viral capsid. In this study, we sought to explore further opportunities that the artificially enveloped virus constructs could offer, by designing a previously unreported gene therapy vector by simultaneous envelopment of Ad and siRNA within the same lipid bilayer. Such a dual-activity vector can offer efficacious therapy for different genetic disorders where both turning on and switching off genes would be needed. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize these vectors. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Ribo green and dot blot assays showed that siRNA and Ad virions can be enveloped together within lipid bilayers at high envelopment efficiency. Cellular uptake and in vitro transfection experiments were carried out to show the feasibility of combining siRNA-mediated gene silencing with viral gene transfer using these newly designed dual-activity vectors.
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Kim SY, Lee SJ, Lim SJ. Formulation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a cationic emulsion as a vehicle for improving adenoviral gene transfer. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:49-59. [PMID: 25138255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy have been limited by the need for specific receptors on targeted cell types, immunogenicity and hepatotoxicity following systemic administration. In an effort to overcome the current limitations of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, cationic emulsions were explored as a vehicle to improve adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Complexation of adenovirus with emulsions containing the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) enhanced the potency of adenoviral gene transfer as compared to DOTAP liposomes. Among the various emulsion formulations examined, those containing the iodized oil, Lipiodol, as an inner core and stabilized by DOTAP/cholesterol/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(poly-ethylene glycol)-5000 most efficiently enhanced adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Optimized Lipiodol-containing emulsions appear to be more strongly associated with adenoviral particles, exhibiting higher complex stability compared to other formulations. They provide the adenovirus with an additional cellular entry mechanism through caveolae-dependent endocytosis, thereby increasing adenovirus entry into cells. Furthermore, adenovirus-emulsion complexation significantly reduced transgene expression in the liver following systemic administration. These findings indicate that emulsion complexation may be a promising strategy for overcoming many of the challenges associated with the use of adenoviruses in gene therapy. Additionally, the observation of increased transgene expression in lung together with reduced expression in liver demonstrates that the adenovirus-emulsion complex may act as a lung-targeting adenoviral gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Genitourinary Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Yang W, Lou L, Chen Y, Wu S, Ding G. microRNA: a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1099-107. [PMID: 24390674 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-3006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs constitute a novel class of small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well-documented that miRNAs function as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in the development and progression of HCC. Additionally, substantial evidence suggests that unique miRNA signatures can serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. Interestingly, certain subsets of miRNAs have also been identified as potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 322000, China,
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The evolution of adenoviral vectors through genetic and chemical surface modifications. Viruses 2014; 6:832-55. [PMID: 24549268 PMCID: PMC3939484 DOI: 10.3390/v6020832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A long time has passed since the first clinical trial with adenoviral (Ad) vectors. Despite being very promising, Ad vectors soon revealed their limitations in human clinical trials. The pre-existing immunity, the marked liver tropism and the high toxicity of first generation Ad (FG-Ad) vectors have been the main challenges for the development of new approaches. Significant effort toward the development of genetically and chemically modified adenoviral vectors has enabled researchers to create more sophisticated vectors for gene therapy, with an improved safety profile and a higher transduction ability of different tissues. In this review, we will describe the latest findings in the high-speed, evolving field of genetic and chemical modifications of adenoviral vectors, a field in which different disciplines, such as biomaterial research, virology and immunology, co-operate synergistically to create better gene therapy tools for modern challenges.
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Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Cerullo V. Beyond Gene Delivery: Strategies to Engineer the Surfaces of Viral Vectors. Biomedicines 2013; 1:3-16. [PMID: 28548054 PMCID: PMC5423465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors have been extensively studied due to their great transduction efficiency compared to non-viral vectors. These vectors have been used extensively in gene therapy, enabling the comprehension of, not only the advantages of these vectors, but also the limitations, such as the activation of the immune system after vector administration. Moreover, the need to control the target of the vector has led to the development of chemical and non-chemical modifications of the vector surface, allowing researchers to modify the tropism and biodistribution profile of the vector, leading to the production of viral vectors able to target different tissues and organs. This review describes recent non-genetic modifications of the surfaces of viral vectors to decrease immune system activation and to control tissue targeting. The developments described herein provide opportunities for applications of gene therapy to treat acquired disorders and genetic diseases and to become useful tools in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
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Aravalli RN. Development of MicroRNA Therapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2013; 3:170-91. [PMID: 26835673 PMCID: PMC4665582 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics3010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for HCC are very limited, as it is often diagnosed at a late stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, are aberrantly expressed in HCC. Some of these were shown to be functionally involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, suggesting that miRNAs can serve as novel molecular targets for HCC therapy. Several promising studies have recently demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in animal models and in reducing the viral load in hepatitis C patients. In this review, these advances and strategies for modulating miRNAs for in vivo therapeutic delivery and replacement therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal N Aravalli
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 292 Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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