1
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Kirbas Cilingir E, Besbinar O, Giro L, Bartoli M, Hueso JL, Mintz KJ, Aydogan Y, Garber JM, Turktas M, Ekim O, Ceylan A, Unal MA, Ensoy M, Arı F, Ozgenç Çinar O, Ozturk BI, Gokce C, Cansaran-Duman D, Braun M, Wachtveitl J, Santamaria J, Delogu LG, Tagliaferro A, Yilmazer A, Leblanc RM. Small Warriors of Nature: Novel Red Emissive Chlorophyllin Carbon Dots Harnessing Fenton-Fueled Ferroptosis for In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Treatment. Small 2024; 20:e2309283. [PMID: 38230862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The appeal of carbon dots (CDs) has grown recently, due to their established biocompatibility, adjustable photoluminescence properties, and excellent water solubility. For the first time in the literature, copper chlorophyllin-based carbon dots (Chl-D CDs) are successfully synthesized. Chl-D CDs exhibit unique spectroscopic traits and are found to induce a Fenton-like reaction, augmenting photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacies via ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. To bolster the therapeutic impact of Chl-D CDs, a widely used cancer drug, temozolomide, is linked to their surface, yielding a synergistic effect with PDT and chemotherapy. Chl-D CDs' biocompatibility in immune cells and in vivo models showed great clinical potential.Proteomic analysis was conducted to understand Chl-D CDs' underlying cancer treatment mechanism. The study underscores the role of reactive oxygen species formation and pointed toward various oxidative stress modulators like aldolase A (ALDOA), aldolase C (ALDOC), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1), transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), and transketolase (TKT), offering a deeper understanding of the Chl-D CDs' anticancer activity. Notably, the Chl-D CDs' capacity to trigger a Fenton-like reaction leads to enhanced PDT efficiencies through ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. Hence, it is firmly believed that the inherent attributes of Chl-CDs can lead to a secure and efficient combined cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
- The Graduate School of Health Sciences of Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Linda Giro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35129, Italy
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Jose L Hueso
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yagmur Aydogan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jordan M Garber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Mine Turktas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Okan Ekim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Ensoy
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06135, Turkey
| | - Fikret Arı
- Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozgenç Çinar
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Berfin Ilayda Ozturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | | | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35129, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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2
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Yilmazer A, Eroglu Z, Gurcan C, Gazzi A, Ekim O, Sundu B, Gokce C, Ceylan A, Giro L, Unal MA, Arı F, Ekicibil A, Ozgenç Çinar O, Ozturk BI, Besbinar O, Ensoy M, Cansaran-Duman D, Delogu LG, Metin O. Synergized photothermal therapy and magnetic field induced hyperthermia via bismuthene for lung cancer combinatorial treatment. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100825. [PMID: 37928252 PMCID: PMC10622883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thanks to its intrinsic properties, two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (bismuthene) can serve as a multimodal nanotherapeutic agent for lung cancer acting through multiple mechanisms, including photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic field-induced hyperthermia (MH), immunogenic cell death (ICD), and ferroptosis. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized bismuthene from the exfoliation of 3D layered bismuth, prepared through a facile method that we developed involving surfactant-assisted chemical reduction, with a specific focus on improving its magnetic properties. The bismuthene nanosheets showed high in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity after simultaneous light and magnetic field exposure in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Only when light and magnetic field are applied together, we can achieve the highest anti-cancer activity compared to the single treatment groups. We have further shown that ICD-dependent mechanisms were involved during this combinatorial treatment strategy. Beyond ICD, bismuthene-based PTT and MH also resulted in an increase in ferroptosis mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, in addition to apoptotic pathways. Finally, hemolysis in human whole blood and a wide variety of assays in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that the bismuthene nanosheets were biocompatible and did not alter immune function. These results showed that bismuthene has the potential to serve as a biocompatible platform that can arm multiple therapeutic approaches against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, 06520, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Eroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, 06520, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Okan Ekim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Buse Sundu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Linda Giro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Fikret Arı
- Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 06830, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ekicibil
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Ozgenç Çinar
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Berfin Ilayda Ozturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, 06520, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mine Ensoy
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06135, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Onder Metin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
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Yilmazer A, Alagarsamy KN, Gokce C, Summak GY, Rafieerad A, Bayrakdar F, Ozturk BI, Aktuna S, Delogu LG, Unal MA, Dhingra S. Low Dose of Ti 3 C 2 MXene Quantum Dots Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300044. [PMID: 37075731 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MXene QDs (MQDs) have been effectively used in several fields of biomedical research. Considering the role of hyperactivation of immune system in infectious diseases, especially in COVID-19, MQDs stand as a potential candidate as a nanotherapeutic against viral infections. However, the efficacy of MQDs against SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been tested yet. In this study, Ti3 C2 MQDs are synthesized and their potential in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection is investigated. Physicochemical characterization suggests that MQDs are enriched with abundance of bioactive functional groups such as oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine groups as well as surface titanium oxides. The efficacy of MQDs is tested in VeroE6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrate that the treatment with MQDs is able to mitigate multiplication of virus particles, only at very low doses such as 0,15 µg mL-1 . Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of MQD-mediated anti-COVID properties, global proteomics analysis are performed and determined differentially expressed proteins between MQD-treated and untreated cells. Data reveal that MQDs interfere with the viral life cycle through different mechanisms including the Ca2 + signaling pathway, IFN-α response, virus internalization, replication, and translation. These findings suggest that MQDs can be employed to develop future immunoengineering-based nanotherapeutics strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | | | - Alireza Rafieerad
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatma Bayrakdar
- Microbiology References Laboratory, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Berfin Ilayda Ozturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aktuna
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35122, Italy
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehmet Altay Unal
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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4
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Fusco L, Gazzi A, Shuck CE, Orecchioni M, Ahmed EI, Giro L, Zavan B, Yilmazer A, Ley K, Bedognetti D, Gogotsi Y, Delogu LG. V 4 C 3 MXene Immune Profiling and Modulation of T Cell-Dendritic Cell Function and Interaction. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300197. [PMID: 37291737 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although vanadium-based metallodrugs are recently explored for their effective anti-inflammatory activity, they frequently cause undesired side effects. Among 2D nanomaterials, transition metal carbides (MXenes) have received substantial attention for their promise as biomedical platforms. It is hypothesized that vanadium immune properties can be extended to MXene compounds. Therefore, vanadium carbide MXene (V4 C3 ) is synthetized, evaluating its biocompatibility and intrinsic immunomodulatory effects. By combining multiple experimental approaches in vitro and ex vivo on human primary immune cells, MXene effects on hemolysis, apoptosis, necrosis, activation, and cytokine production are investigated. Furthermore, V4 C3 ability is demonstrated to inhibit T cell-dendritic cell interactions, evaluating the modulation of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction, two key costimulatory molecules for immune activation. The material biocompatibility at the single-cell level on 17 human immune cell subpopulations by single-cell mass cytometry is confirmed. Finally, the molecular mechanism underlying V4 C3 immune modulation is explored, demonstrating a MXene-mediated downregulation of antigen presentation-associated genes in primary human immune cells. The findings set the basis for further V4 C3 investigation and application as a negative modulator of the immune response in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusco
- ImmuneNano Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Medicine Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arianna Gazzi
- ImmuneNano Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Translational Medicine Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Linda Giro
- ImmuneNano Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, 48033, Italy
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Translational Medicine Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- ImmuneNano Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Kisby T, Yilmazer A, Kostarelos K. Author Correction: Reasons for success and lessons learnt from nanoscale vaccines against COVID-19. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:671. [PMID: 35551244 PMCID: PMC9097148 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Unal MA, Bayrakdar F, Nazir H, Besbinar O, Gurcan C, Lozano N, Arellano LM, Yalcin S, Panatli O, Celik D, Alkaya D, Agan A, Fusco L, Suzuk Yildiz S, Delogu LG, Akcali KC, Kostarelos K, Yilmazer A. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Interact and Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 Surface Proteins and Cell Receptors to Inhibit Infectivity. Small 2021; 17:e2101483. [PMID: 33988903 PMCID: PMC8236978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology can offer a number of options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acting both extracellularly and intracellularly to the host cells. Here, the aim is to explore graphene oxide (GO), the most studied 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications, as a nanoscale platform for interaction with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking analyses of GO sheets on interaction with three different structures: SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (open state - 6VYB or closed state - 6VXX), ACE2 (1R42), and the ACE2-bound spike complex (6M0J) are performed. GO shows high affinity for the surface of all three structures (6M0J, 6VYB and 6VXX). When binding affinities and involved bonding types are compared, GO interacts more strongly with the spike or ACE2, compared to 6M0J. Infection experiments using infectious viral particles from four different clades as classified by Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID), are performed for validation purposes. Thin, biological-grade GO nanoscale (few hundred nanometers in lateral dimension) sheets are able to significantly reduce copies for three different viral clades. This data has demonstrated that GO sheets have the capacity to interact with SARS-CoV-2 surface components and disrupt infectivity even in the presence of any mutations on the viral spike. GO nanosheets are proposed to be further explored as a nanoscale platform for development of antiviral strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Bayrakdar
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | - Hasan Nazir
- Department of ChemistryAnkara UniversityTandoganAnkara06100Turkey
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Luis M. Arellano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Süleyman Yalcin
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Panatli
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Dogantan Celik
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Damla Alkaya
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Aydan Agan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPadua35122Italy
| | - Serap Suzuk Yildiz
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | | | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineAnkara UniversitySihhiyeAnkara06230Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine & HealthThe University of ManchesterAV Hill BuildingManchesterM13 9PTUnited Kingdom
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
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8
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Unal MA, Bayrakdar F, Fusco L, Besbinar O, Shuck CE, Yalcin S, Erken MT, Ozkul A, Gurcan C, Panatli O, Summak GY, Gokce C, Orecchioni M, Gazzi A, Vitale F, Somers J, Demir E, Yildiz SS, Nazir H, Grivel JC, Bedognetti D, Crisanti A, Akcali KC, Gogotsi Y, Delogu LG, Yilmazer A. 2D MXenes with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties: A pilot study against SARS-CoV-2. Nano Today 2021; 38:101136. [PMID: 33753982 PMCID: PMC7969865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/carbonitrides known as MXenes are rapidly growing as multimodal nanoplatforms in biomedicine. Here, taking SARS-CoV-2 as a model, we explored the antiviral properties and immune-profile of a large panel of four highly stable and well-characterized MXenes - Ti3C2Tx, Ta4C3T x , Mo2Ti2C3T x and Nb4C3T x . To start with antiviral assessment, we first selected and deeply analyzed four different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes, common in most countries and carrying the wild type or mutated spike protein. When inhibition of the viral infection was tested in vitro with four viral clades, Ti3C2T x in particular, was able to significantly reduce infection only in SARS-CoV-2/clade GR infected Vero E6 cells. This difference in the antiviral activity, among the four viral particles tested, highlights the importance of considering the viral genotypes and mutations while testing antiviral activity of potential drugs and nanomaterials. Among the other MXenes tested, Mo2Ti2C3T x also showed antiviral properties. Proteomic, functional annotation analysis and comparison to the already published SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map revealed that MXene-treatment exerts specific inhibitory mechanisms. Envisaging future antiviral MXene-based drug nano-formulations and considering the central importance of the immune response to viral infections, the immune impact of MXenes was evaluated on human primary immune cells by flow cytometry and single-cell mass cytometry on 17 distinct immune subpopulations. Moreover, 40 secreted cytokines were analyzed by Luminex technology. MXene immune profiling revealed i) the excellent bio and immune compatibility of the material, as well as the ability of MXene ii) to inhibit monocytes and iii) to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect elicited by MXene. We here report a selection of MXenes and viral SARS-CoV-2 genotypes/mutations, a series of the computational, structural and molecular data depicting deeply the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of inhibition, as well as high dimensional single-cell immune-MXene profiling. Taken together, our results provide a compendium of knowledge for new developments of MXene-based multi-functioning nanosystems as antivirals and immune-modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Bayrakdar
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology References Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Süleyman Yalcin
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology References Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Panatli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Oregon Health & Sciences University, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Oregon Health & Sciences University, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Serap Suzuk Yildiz
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology References Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Weiss C, Carriere M, Fusco L, Capua I, Regla-Nava JA, Pasquali M, Scott JA, Vitale F, Unal MA, Mattevi C, Bedognetti D, Merkoçi A, Tasciotti E, Yilmazer A, Gogotsi Y, Stellacci F, Delogu LG. Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS Nano 2020; 14:6383-6406. [PMID: 32519842 PMCID: PMC7299399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has fueled a global demand for effective diagnosis and treatment as well as mitigation of the spread of infection, all through large-scale approaches such as specific alternative antiviral methods and classical disinfection protocols. Based on an abundance of engineered materials identifiable by their useful physicochemical properties through versatile chemical functionalization, nanotechnology offers a number of approaches to cope with this emergency. Here, through a multidisciplinary Perspective encompassing diverse fields such as virology, biology, medicine, engineering, chemistry, materials science, and computational science, we outline how nanotechnology-based strategies can support the fight against COVID-19, as well as infectious diseases in general, including future pandemics. Considering what we know so far about the life cycle of the virus, we envision key steps where nanotechnology could counter the disease. First, nanoparticles (NPs) can offer alternative methods to classical disinfection protocols used in healthcare settings, thanks to their intrinsic antipathogenic properties and/or their ability to inactivate viruses, bacteria, fungi, or yeasts either photothermally or via photocatalysis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nanotechnology tools to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in patients could also be explored. In this case, nanomaterials could be used to deliver drugs to the pulmonary system to inhibit interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and viral S protein. Moreover, the concept of "nanoimmunity by design" can help us to design materials for immune modulation, either stimulating or suppressing the immune response, which would find applications in the context of vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 or in counteracting the cytokine storm, respectively. In addition to disease prevention and therapeutic potential, nanotechnology has important roles in diagnostics, with potential to support the development of simple, fast, and cost-effective nanotechnology-based assays to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and related biomarkers. In summary, nanotechnology is critical in counteracting COVID-19 and will be vital when preparing for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical
Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Campus North,
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen,
Germany
| | - Marie Carriere
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, F-38000
Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Trieste, 34127 Trieste,
Italy
- Cancer Research Department,
Sidra Medicine, Doha,
Qatar
| | - Ilaria Capua
- One Health Center of Excellence,
University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jose Angel Regla-Nava
- Division of Inflammation Biology,
La Jolla Institute for Allergy and
Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University,
Houston, Texas 77251, United States
- Department of Chemistry,
Rice University, Houston, Texas
77251, United States
- Department of Materials Science and
Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston,
Texas 77251, United States
| | - James A. Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health,
University of Toronto, 223 College
Street, M5T 1R4 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology,
Bioengineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Center for
Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
United States
- Center for Neurotrauma,
Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J.
Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | | | - Cecilia Mattevi
- Department of Materials,
Imperial College London, London SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors
Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB,
08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA -
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis
Avançats, ES-08010 Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,
Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston,
Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery,
MD Anderson, Houston, Texas 77230,
United States
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell Institute,
Ankara University, Ankara, 06100
Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University,
Ankara, 06100 Turkey
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute,
and Materials Science and Engineering Department, Drexel
University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
United States
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials,
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute,
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Padua, 35122 Padova,
Italy
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10
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Taheri H, Unal MA, Sevim M, Gurcan C, Ekim O, Ceylan A, Syrgiannis Z, Christoforidis KC, Bosi S, Ozgenç O, Gómez MJ, Turktas Erken M, Soydal Ç, Eroğlu Z, Bitirim CV, Cagin U, Arı F, Ozen A, Kuçuk O, Delogu LG, Prato M, Metin Ö, Yilmazer A. Photocatalytically Active Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Effective and Safe 2D Material for In Vitro and In Vivo Photodynamic Therapy. Small 2020; 16:e1904619. [PMID: 31971659 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to its photocatalytic property, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is a promising candidate in various applications including nanomedicine. However, studies focusing on the suitability of g-C3 N4 for cancer therapy are very limited and possible underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that photoexcitation of g-C3 N4 can be used effectively in photodynamic therapy, without using any other carrier or additional photosensitizer. Upon light exposure, g-C3 N4 treatment kills cancer cells, without the need of any other nanosystem or chemotherapeutic drug. The material is efficiently taken up by tumor cells in vitro. The transcriptome and proteome of g-C3 N4 and light treated cells show activation in pathways related to both oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis which strongly suggests that only when combined with light exposure, g-C3 N4 is able to kill cancer cells. Systemic administration of the mesoporous form results in elimination from urinary bladder without any systemic toxicity. Administration of the material significantly decreases tumor volume when combined with local light treatment. This study paves the way for the future use of not only g-C3 N4 but also other 2D nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Taheri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Altay Unal
- Department of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Melike Sevim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Okan Ekim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Ozge Ozgenç
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mine Turktas Erken
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, 18100, Turkey
| | - Çigdem Soydal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
| | - Zafer Eroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | | | - Umut Cagin
- Genethon and INSERM U951, Evry, 91002, France
| | - Fikret Arı
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Asuman Ozen
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kuçuk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
- Cancer Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35122, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Città Della Speranza, Padua, 35129, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Laboratory CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón, 182, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20009, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Önder Metin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
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11
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Taheri H, Cagin U, Yilmazer A. Reprogramming of Human Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells with Yamanaka Factors. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1916:249-261. [PMID: 30535702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8994-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression of Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Klf-4, Sox-2, c-Myc) can reprogram cancer cells to a pluripotent stage. This may cause the removal of their epigenetic memory and result in altered tumorigenicity. Various studies in the literature have shown that cancer cell reprogramming is a potential tool to study disease progression or discover novel therapeutic or diagnostic markers in cancer research. In this chapter, we aim to introduce the cancer cell reprogramming protocol in detail by using human melanocytes and melanoma cell lines, and Sendai viral vectors encoding Yamanaka factors have been used to reprogram cells. Representative results are discussed and important notes have been summarized in order to point out important steps during cancer cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Taheri
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Cagin
- Genethon, UMR_S951 Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, EPHE, Evry, France
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey.
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Abstract
In this study, the effect of spheroid formation, as a model of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, on the cancer stemness of human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human glioma (U87-MG) cell lines was analyzed. We compared the expression of pluripotency genes, the presence of various cancer stem cell populations, migration and proliferation capacities of cells cultured as monolayers or spheroids. MCF-7 cells formed uniform spheroids in vitro, upregulated the expression of stem cell markers both at gene and protein levels and increased their migration capacities when cultured in 3D systems. When a CSC targeting metabolic drug, metformin was used, multiple drug resistance genes (ABC transporters) were downregulated and the anti-cancer activity of 5-fluorouracil was enhanced. In summary, this study proved that the use of 3D culture systems such as spheroids can be used in CSC-related research. Therefore, studies involving 3D culture systems will help scientists to discover new CSC markers, show more realistic drug responses, and better evaluate tumor proliferation and morphology changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- 1Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
- 2Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Abstract
Due to its extraordinary features such as large surface area, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and mechanical properties, graphene attracts great interest in various fields of biomedical sciences including biosensors, cancer therapy, diagnosis and regenerative medicine. The use of graphene-based materials has been of great interest for the design of scaffolds that can promote neural tissue regeneration. Recent studies published over the last few years clearly show that graphene and graphene based materials promote adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of various cells including embryonic stem cells (ESC), neural stem cells (NSC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Therefore graphene based materials are one of the promising nanoplatforms in regenerative medicine for neural tissue injury. With its unique topographic and chemical properties, graphene is used as a scaffold that could provide a bridge between regenerating nerves. More importantly, as a conductive substrate, graphene allows the continuation of electrical conduction between damaged nerve ends. The integration of supportive cells such as glial, neural precursor or stem cells in such a scaffold shows higher regeneration when compared to currently used neural autografts and nerve conduits. This review discusses the details of such studies involving graphene based materials with a special interest on neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Aydin
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey.,Engineering Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey.,Engineering Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hadiseh Taheri
- Engineering Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Engineering Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Tandogan/Ankara, Turkey. .,Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat/Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Yilmazer A. Cancer cell lines involving cancer stem cell populations respond to oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17:24-30. [PMID: 29276697 PMCID: PMC5730381 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of cancer cells with H2O2 results in oxidative stress. Cancer cell lines involving cancer stem cell populations respond to oxidative stress and are directed towards apoptosis. Presence of different CSC populations may involve when cancer cells generate response to oxidative stress.
Cancer cells may be more prone to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal cells; therefore increased oxidative stress can specifically kill cancer cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In order to generate oxidative stress in various cancer cell lines including A549, G361 and MCF-7, cultured cells were exposed to H2O2. Incubation of cancer cells with H2O2 results in concentration-dependent cell death in A549 and G361-7 cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed higher sensitivity even at a lower H2O2 concentration. H2O2 treatment decreased the number of cells in G2/M phase and increased the number of apoptotic cells. Both CD24 negative/CD44 positive cells and CD146 positive cells were found to be present in all tested cancer cell lines, indicating that CSC populations may play role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. This study showed that inducing oxidative stress through ROS can offer a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.,Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Yilmazer A, de Lázaro I, Bussy C, Kostarelos K. In vivo reprogramming of adult somatic cells to pluripotency by overexpression of Yamanaka factors. J Vis Exp 2013:e50837. [PMID: 24378537 PMCID: PMC4111367 DOI: 10.3791/50837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors are offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Such clinical applications of iPS cells have been limited so far, mainly due to the poor efficiency of the existing reprogramming methodologies and the risk of the generated iPS cells to form tumors upon implantation. We hypothesized that the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency could be achieved in vivo by gene transfer of reprogramming factors. In order to efficiently reprogram cells in vivo, high levels of the Yamanaka (OKSM) transcription factors need to be expressed at the target tissue. This can be achieved by using different viral or nonviral gene vectors depending on the target tissue. In this particular study, hydrodynamic tail-vein (HTV) injection of plasmid DNA was used to deliver the OKSM factors to mouse hepatocytes. This provided proof-of-evidence of in vivo reprogramming of adult, somatic cells towards a pluripotent state with high efficiency and fast kinetics. Furthermore no tumor or teratoma formation was observed in situ. It can be concluded that reprogramming somatic cells in vivo may offer a potential approach to induce enhanced pluripotency rapidly, efficiently, and safely compared to in vitro performed protocols and can be applied to different tissue types in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the transient in which the pool water is lost throughout one or more of the main coolant pipes which are supposed to be broken guillotine-like is investigated for the TR-2 research reactor in Istanbul. The applicability of the methods used for other similar types of research reactors is shown. Decrease of the pool water level until the top of the core, and from the top to the bottom of the core are examined as two successive phases of the accident. Finite difference scheme and integral methods are employed to solve energy equations and the results of both methods are compared. The finite difference solution uses an explicit form for the analysis of the first phase, and a moving boundary approach for the second phase. The integral method is based on the assumption that the temperatures appearing in the energy equations have the same profiles during the transient as the steady state ones. Analyses are done both for nominal and hot channel, and the results of both methods are observed to be in agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yilmazer
- Hacettepe University, Engineering Faculty, Nuclear Engineering Department, 06532 Beytepe, ANKARA/TURKEY, e-mail: ,
| | - H. Yavuz
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, 80626 Maslak, ISTANBUL/TURKEY
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17
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Atak H, Yilmazer A. An analytical benchmark of MYRRHA ADS in cylindrical geometry. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the steady and transient neutronic behaviour of MYRRHA ADS is investigated. For this purpose, a recently proposed analytical benchmark of the diffusion kinetics as 1D slab model of the MYRRHA ADS concept developed in Belgium has been extended to the cylindrical geometry which represents the system more realistically. Analytical calculations are performed using the Customized Solution Method and numerical Laplace inversion techniques such as Fixed-Talbot and Gaver-Wynn-Rho algorithms. Results are compared with the finite element program FLEXPDE® and they are found to be in complete agreement. The necessity of modeling the MYRHHA reactor in cylindrical geometry rather than slab geometry to obtain more realistic benchmark results is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Atak
- Hacettepe University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - A. Yilmazer
- Hacettepe University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
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18
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Yilmazer A, de Lázaro I, Bussy C, Kostarelos K. In vivo cell reprogramming towards pluripotency by virus-free overexpression of defined factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54754. [PMID: 23355895 PMCID: PMC3552956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce the reprogramming of somatic mammalian cells to a pluripotent state by the forced expression of specific transcription factors has helped redefine the rules of cell fate and plasticity, as well as open possibilities for disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. Here, we hypothesized that the non-viral forced expression of the four originally discovered defined factors (OKSM) in adult mice could result in in vivo reprogramming of cells in the transfected tissue in situ. We show that a single hydrodynamic tail-vein (HTV) injection of two plasmids encoding for Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc respectively, are highly expressed in the liver tissue of Balb/C adult mice. Hallmark pluripotency markers were upregulated within 24–48 h after injection, followed by down-regulation of all major hepatocellular markers. Generation of transcriptionally reprogrammed cells in vivo was further confirmed by positive staining of liver tissue sections for all major pluripotency markers in Balb/C mice and the Nanog-GFP reporter transgenic strain (TNG-A) with concomitant upregulation of GFP expression in situ. No signs of physiological or anatomical abnormalities or teratoma formation were observed in the liver examined up to 120 days. These findings indicate that virus-free expression of OKSM factors in vivo can transcriptionally reprogram cells in situ rapidly, efficiently and transiently, absent of host tissue damage or teratoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Life & Medical Sciences, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Life & Medical Sciences, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Life & Medical Sciences, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Life & Medical Sciences, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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