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Wang S, Sha P, Zhao X, Tao Z, Liu S. Peritendinous adhesion: Therapeutic targets and progress of drug therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:251-263. [PMID: 38173878 PMCID: PMC10762322 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion (PA) is one of the most common complications following hand surgery and characterized with abnormal hyperplasia of connective tissue and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Subsequently, various clinical symptoms such as chronic pain, limb dyskinesia and even joint stiffness occur and patients are always involved in the vicious cycle of "adhesion - release - re-adhesion", which seriously compromise the quality of life. Until present, the underlying mechanism remains controversial and lack of specific treatment, with symptomatic treatment being the only option to relieve symptoms, but not contributing no more to the fundamentally rehabilitation of basic structure and function. Recently, novel strategies have been proposed to inhibit the formation of adhesion tissues including implantation of anti-adhesion barriers, anti-inflammation, restraint of myofibroblast transformation and regulation of collagen overproduction. Furthermore, gene therapy has also been considered as a promising anti-adhesion treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-adhesion targets and relevant drugs to summarize the potential pharmacological roles and present subsequent challenges and prospects of anti-adhesion drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zaijin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Hanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Hanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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Wang F, Zhang N, Niu R, Lu Y, Zhang W, He Z. Identification of biomimetic nanoplatform-mediated delivery of si-ISG15 for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111117. [PMID: 38401776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as the most malicious form of breast cancer and exhibits an alarming tendency for recurrence, a heightened propensity for metastasis, and an overwhelmingly grim prognosis. Therefore, effective therapy approaches for TNBC are urgently required. In this study, the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) expression level was analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by Western blot analysis. The effects of ISG15 on the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells were assessed using MTT, Colony formation, EdU, Transwell, and Flow cytometry assays. We also developed a cancer cell-biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in vivo. In this study, we reported that ISG15 was upregulated in TNBC, and its high expression level correlated with an increased risk of tumorigenesis. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, we discovered that ISG15 knockdown drastically suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Our findings revealed that ISG15 was a candidate therapeutic target in TNBC because of its key role in malignant growth and invasion. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation showed that ISG15 exerted oncogenic functions through its interaction with ATP binding cassette subfamily E member 1 and activated the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription signaling pathway. Furthermore, we created a nanoparticle-based siRNA camouflaged using a cancer cell membrane vesicle delivery system (the CM@NP complex) and confirmed its therapeutic effects in vivo. Our findings confirmed that ISG15 may play a pivotal oncogenic role in the development of TNBC and that CM@siRNA-NP complexes are an effective delivery system and a novel biological strategy for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ruishu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhixian He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Zhao B, Zhu P, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zha L, Jin L, Zhang L. Nanofiber Hydrogel Drug Delivery System for Prevention of Postsurgical Intestinal Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3164-3172. [PMID: 38671385 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal adhesion is one of the complications that occurs more frequently after abdominal surgery. Postsurgical intestinal adhesion (PIA) can lead to a series of health problems, including abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility. Currently, hydrogels and nanofibrous films as barriers are often used for preventing PIA formation; however, these kinds of materials have their intrinsic disadvantages. Herein, we developed a dual-structure drug delivery patch consisting of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers and a chitosan hydrogel (NHP). PLGA nanofibers loaded with deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were incorporated into the hydrogel; meanwhile, the hydrogel was loaded with anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DXMS). The rapid degradation of the hydrogel facilitated the release of DXMS at the acute inflammatory stage of the early injury and provided effective anti-inflammatory effects for wound sites. Moreover, PLGA composite nanofibers could provide sustained and stable release of DFO for promoting the peritoneal repair by the angiogenesis effects of DFO. The in vivo results indicated that NHP can effectively prevent PIA formation by restraining inflammation and vascularization, promoting peritoneal repair. Therefore, we believe that our NHP has a great potential application in inhibition of PIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Panyong Zhu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | | | - Yaoran Gao
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Ling Zha
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466001, China
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Xie X, Xu J, Ding D, Lin J, Han K, Wang C, Wang F, Zhao J, Wang L. Janus Membranes Patch Achieves High-Quality Tendon Repair: Inhibiting Exogenous Healing and Promoting Endogenous Healing. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4300-4309. [PMID: 38534038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The imbalance between endogenous and exogenous healing is the fundamental reason for the poor tendon healing. In this study, a Janus patch was developed to promote endogenous healing and inhibit exogenous healing, leading to improved tendon repair. The upper layer of the patch is a poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/polycaprolactone (PLGA/PCL) nanomembrane (PMCP-NM) modified with poly(2-methylacryloxyethyl phosphocholine) (PMPC), which created a lubricated and antifouling surface, preventing cell invasion and mechanical activation. The lower layer is a PLGA/PCL fiber membrane loaded with fibrin (Fb) (Fb-NM), serving as a temporary chemotactic scaffold to regulate the regenerative microenvironment. In vitro, the Janus patch effectively reduced 92.41% cell adhesion and 79.89% motion friction. In vivo, the patch inhibited tendon adhesion through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and promoted tendon maturation. This Janus patch is expected to provide a practical basis and theoretical guidance for high-quality soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Danzhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kang Han
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chaorong Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Shi G, Koichi N, Wan R, Wang Y, Reisdorf R, Wilson A, Huang TC, Amadio PC, Meves A, Zhao C, Moran SL. Pentamidine-loaded gelatin decreases adhesion formation of flexor tendon. J Orthop Translat 2024; 45:75-87. [PMID: 38511123 PMCID: PMC10950576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention of adhesion formation following flexor tendon repair is essential for restoration of normal finger function. Although many medications have been studied in the experimental setting to prevent adhesions, clinical application is limited due to the complexity of application and delivery in clinical translation. Methods In this study, optimal dosages of gelatin and pentamidine were validated by gelatin concentration test. Following cell viability, cell migration, live and dead cell, and cell adhesion assay of the Turkey tenocytes, a model of Turkey tendon repair was established to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentamidine-Gelatin sheet. Results Pentamidine carried with gelatin, a Food and drug administration (FDA) approved material for drug delivery, showed good dynamic release, biocompatibility, and degradation. The optimal dose of pentamidine (25ug) was determined in the in vivo study using tenocyte viability, migration, and cell adhesion assays. Further biochemical analyses demonstrated that this positive effect may be due to pentamidine downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway without affecting collagen expression. Conclusions We tested a FDA-approved antibiotic, pentamidine, for reducing adhesion formation after flexor tendon repair in both in vitro and in vivo using a novel turkey animal model. Compared with the non-pentamidine treatment group, pentamidine treated turkeys had significantly reduced adhesions and improved digit function after six weeks of tendon healing. The translational potential of this article This study for the first time showed that a common clinical drug, pentamidine, has a potential for clinical application to reduce tendon adhesions and improve tendon gliding function without interfering with tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nakagawa Koichi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rou Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ramona Reisdorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abigayle Wilson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tony C.T. Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C. Amadio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Wang B, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Qiu L, Yan J, Li Z, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Biomimetic nanoparticles of platelet membranes carrying bFGF and VEGFA genes promote deep burn wound healing. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111164. [PMID: 37925947 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of burn wounds, especially deep burn wounds, remains a major clinical challenge. Growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) show great potential in promoting the healing of damaged tissues. This study explored wound healing following targeted delivery of bFGF and VEGFA genes into deep burn wounds through a novel platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle (PM@gene-NP) complex delivery system. METHODS First, bFGF and VEGFA genes were inserted into plasmid (pEGFP-N1) vectors. Subsequently, the assembled plasmids were loaded onto nanoparticles to form gene-loaded nanoparticle complexes, which were then wrapped with extracted platelet membrane, fully simulating the characteristics of platelets, in order to actively target sites of inflammatory damage. After administration of PM@gene-NP complexes through the tail vein of rats, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate wound healing. RESULTS The PM@gene-NP complexes effectively targeted the burn sites. After the administration of the PM@gene-NP complexes, the rats exhibited increased blood flow in the burn wounds, which also healed faster than control groups. Histological results showed fewer inflammatory cells in the burned skin tissue after treatment. After the wounds healed, the production of hair follicles, sebaceous glands and other skin accessories in the skin tissue increased. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the PM@gene-NP complexes can effectively deliver gene therapy to the injured area, and this delivery system should be considered as a potential method for treating deep burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Chuwei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China; Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Xinghua Zhu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
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Wang Y, Li J. Current progress in growth factors and extracellular vesicles in tendon healing. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3871-3883. [PMID: 37291064 PMCID: PMC10588330 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injury healing is a complex process that involves the participation of a significant number of molecules and cells, including growth factors molecules in a key role. Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of growth factors in tendon healing, and the recent emergence of EV has also provided a new visual field for promoting tendon healing. This review examines the tendon structure, growth, and development, as well as the physiological process of its healing after injury. The review assesses the role of six substances in tendon healing: insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and EV. Different growth factors are active at various stages of healing and exhibit separate physiological activities. IGF-1 is expressed immediately after injury and stimulates the mitosis of various cells while suppressing the response to inflammation. VEGF, which is also active immediately after injury, accelerates local metabolism by promoting vascular network formation and positively impacts the activities of other growth factors. However, VEGF's protracted action could be harmful to tendon healing. PDGF, the earliest discovered cytokine to influence tendon healing, has a powerful cell chemotaxis and promotes cell proliferation, but it can equally accelerate the response to inflammation and relieve local adhesions. Also useful for relieving tendon adhesion is TGF- β, which is active almost during the entire phase of tendon healing. As a powerful active substance, in addition to its participation in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, tumour and chronic wounds, TGF- β reportedly plays a role in promoting cell proliferation, activating growth factors, and inhibiting inflammatory response during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang S, Yao Z, Chen L, Li J, Chen S, Fan C. Preclinical assessment of IL-1β primed human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for tendon functional repair through TGF-β/IL-10 signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21411. [PMID: 37954299 PMCID: PMC10638607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate repair capacity and disturbed immune compartments are the main pathological causes of tendinopathy. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) become an effective clinic option to alleviate tendinopathy. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) could confer on MSCs enhanced immunoregulatory capability to remodel the repair microenvironment favoring tissue repair. Therefore, IL-1β activated UC-MSCs (1βUC-MSCs) may exert favorable efficacy in promoting tendon repair in a preclinical tendinopathy rat model. Methods Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) were isolated and characterized. In vitro, the levels of immunoregulatory-related cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β secreted by 1βUC-MSCs and unprimed UC-MSCs was measured. And tendon-specific markers expressed by TDSCs cultured with primed cultured medium (CM) or unprimed CM were detected. In vivo, Achilles tendinopathy was induced by 30 μL collagenase I injection in Sprague Dawley rats. One week later, the rats were randomly injected with UC-MSCs primed with IL-1β (106 cells per tendon), UC-MSCs, or PBS. After rats were sacrificed, histological evaluation, electron microscopy, biomechanical tests, gait performance were conducted to evaluate the structural and functional recovery of Achilles tendons. The inflammation and metabolic state of the extracellular matrix, and the potential mechanism were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Results UC-MSCs were activated by IL-1β to secrete higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β while the secretion levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were not changed significantly, promoting a higher expression level of COL I and TNMD in TDSCs under proinflammatory environment. In vivo, the transplanted 1βUC-MSCs could survive up to 5 weeks after injection with tenogenic differentiation and improved tendon healing histologically semi-quantified by modified Bonar scores. This structural regeneration was further confirmed by observation of ultrastructural morphology, and led to good functional recovery including improved biomechanical properties and gait performance. During this process, the inflammatory response and metabolism of the extracellular matrix was improved through TGF-β/IL-10 pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the transplantation of UC-MSCs activated by IL-1β exhibited satisfactory ability for promoting tendon functional repair in a tendinopathy rat model. During this process, the balance of inflammatory response and extracellular matrix metabolism was remodeled, and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 and IL-10 signaling pathways were activated simultaneously. We cautiously conclude that the IL-1β primed UC-MSCs could be a promising strategy for enhancing the ability of MSCs to treat tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Li H, Luo S, Li H, Pan H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Chen H, Feng Z, Li S. From fetal tendon regeneration to adult therapeutic modalities: TGF-β3 in scarless healing. Regen Med 2023; 18:809-822. [PMID: 37671630 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common disorders that can significantly impact people's lives. Unfortunately, the limited regenerative ability of tendons results in tissue healing in a scar-mediated manner. The current therapeutic strategies fail to fully recover the functions of the injured tendons, and as such, the conception of 'scarless healing' has gained prominent attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Interestingly, injured fetal tendons possess the capability to heal through regeneration, which builds an ideal blueprint for adult tendon regeneration. Studies have shown that fetal biochemical cues have the potential to improve adult tendon healing. Here we review the biological factors that contribute to fetal tendon regeneration and how manipulation of these biochemical cues in the adult tendon healing process could achieve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Luo
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Geriatric department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University
| | - Sen Li
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Lin M, Li W, Ni X, Sui Y, Li H, Chen X, Lu Y, Jiang M, Wang C. Growth factors in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250533. [PMID: 37781529 PMCID: PMC10539943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) injury is one of the most common tendon injuries, especially in athletes, the elderly, and working-age people. In AT injury, the biomechanical properties of the tendon are severely affected, leading to abnormal function. In recent years, many efforts have been underway to develop effective treatments for AT injuries to enable patients to return to sports faster. For instance, several new techniques for tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing, growth factors (GFs), gene therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells were introduced. Increasing evidence has suggested that GFs can reduce inflammation, promote extracellular matrix production, and accelerate AT repair. In this review, we highlighted some recent investigations regarding the role of GFs, such as transforming GF-β(TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), fibroblast GF (FGF), vascular endothelial GF (VEGF), platelet-derived GF (PDGF), and insulin-like GF (IGF), in tendon healing. In addition, we summarized the clinical trials and animal experiments on the efficacy of GFs in AT repair. We also highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the different isoforms of TGF-β and BMPs, including GFs combined with stem cells, scaffolds, or other GFs. The strategies discussed in this review are currently in the early stages of development. It is noteworthy that although these emerging technologies may potentially develop into substantial clinical treatment options for AT injury, definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of tendon ailments could not be drawn due to the lack of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Lin
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical School, Shandong Modern University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sui
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinren Chen
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liao J, Li X, Fan Y. Prevention strategies of postoperative adhesion in soft tissues by applying biomaterials: Based on the mechanisms of occurrence and development of adhesions. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:387-412. [PMID: 36969107 PMCID: PMC10030827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative adhesion (POA) widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain, dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications, seriously reducing patients' quality of life and even being life-threatening. Except for adhesiolysis, there are few effective methods to release existing adhesion. However, it requires a second operation and inpatient care and usually triggers recurrent adhesion in a great incidence. Hence, preventing POA formation has been regarded as the most effective clinical strategy. Biomaterials have attracted great attention in preventing POA because they can act as both barriers and drug carriers. Nevertheless, even though much reported research has been demonstrated their efficacy on POA inhibition to a certain extent, thoroughly preventing POA formation is still challenging. Meanwhile, most biomaterials for POA prevention were designed based on limited experiences, not a solid theoretical basis, showing blindness. Hence, we aimed to provide guidance for designing anti-adhesion materials applied in different soft tissues based on the mechanisms of POA occurrence and development. We first classified the postoperative adhesions into four categories according to the different components of diverse adhesion tissues, and named them as "membranous adhesion", "vascular adhesion", "adhesive adhesion" and "scarred adhesion", respectively. Then, the process of the occurrence and development of POA were analyzed, and the main influencing factors in different stages were clarified. Further, we proposed seven strategies for POA prevention by using biomaterials according to these influencing factors. Meanwhile, the relevant practices were summarized according to the corresponding strategies and the future perspectives were analyzed.
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Liang W, Zhou C, Meng Y, Fu L, Zeng B, Liu Z, Ming W, Long H. An overview of the material science and knowledge of nanomedicine, bioscaffolds, and tissue engineering for tendon restoration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1199220. [PMID: 37388772 PMCID: PMC10306281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon wounds are a worldwide health issue affecting millions of people annually. Due to the characteristics of tendons, their natural restoration is a complicated and lengthy process. With the advancement of bioengineering, biomaterials, and cell biology, a new science, tissue engineering, has developed. In this field, numerous ways have been offered. As increasingly intricate and natural structures resembling tendons are produced, the results are encouraging. This study highlights the nature of the tendon and the standard cures that have thus far been utilized. Then, a comparison is made between the many tendon tissue engineering methodologies proposed to date, concentrating on the ingredients required to gain the structures that enable appropriate tendon renewal: cells, growth factors, scaffolds, and scaffold formation methods. The analysis of all these factors enables a global understanding of the impact of each component employed in tendon restoration, thereby shedding light on potential future approaches involving the creation of novel combinations of materials, cells, designs, and bioactive molecules for the restoration of a functional tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfeng Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing City Keqiao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengguo Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Li S, Gong F, Zhou Z, Gong X. Combined Verapamil-Polydopamine Nanoformulation Inhibits Adhesion Formation in Achilles Tendon Injury Using Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:115-126. [PMID: 36636643 PMCID: PMC9831089 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Topical verapamil has been demonstrated to reduce the fibroproliferative scar. Therefore, it was hypothesized that topical verapamil could reduce adhesion formation after tendon repair. The current study aimed to examine the effects of verapamil-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (VP-PDA NPs) on the adhesion formation of Achilles tendon laceration and repair in a rat model. Methods We randomly assigned 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats to the control, the PDA NPs, and the VP-PDA NPs groups (n = 24 per group). The quality of tendon healing was evaluated by the maximal tensile strength four and six weeks after surgery. The degree of tendon adhesion was scored on days 4, 15, 29, and 43 after surgery. The expressions of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagens type I and III were detected through Western blotting or immunohistochemistry at four weeks after surgery. Results In vitro release tests revealed that 61.3% of verapamil was released from VP-PDA NPs in four weeks. There was a significant increase in average failure to load in the VP-PDA NPs group (89.27 ± 5.09 N) compared with the PDA NPs group (65.52 ± 2.04 N) (p = 0.003) and the control group (74.52 ± 4.24 N) (p = 0.029). Adhesion scores were significantly reduced in the VP-PDA NPs group at six weeks (3.175 ± 0.08) and four weeks (3.35 ± 0.25) compared with the other groups. Moreover, VP-PDA NPs significantly reduced the expression of vimentin, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and collagens type I and III. Conclusion These data suggest that VP-PDA NPs reduced adhesion formation and enhanced tendon healing during rat tendon injury. Since topical verapamil has been used in clinics without side effects, VP-PDA NPs would have direct translation implications. However, its anti-adhesive effects on intrasynovial tendon injury must be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Li
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China,Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Gong
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China,Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zhou
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China,Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China,Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xu Gong, Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13944099151, Email
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Ning C, Li P, Gao C, Fu L, Liao Z, Tian G, Yin H, Li M, Sui X, Yuan Z, Liu S, Guo Q. Recent advances in tendon tissue engineering strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1115312. [PMID: 36890920 PMCID: PMC9986339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1115312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries often result in significant pain and disability and impose severe clinical and financial burdens on our society. Despite considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, effective treatments remain a challenge due to the limited natural healing capacity of tendons caused by poor cell density and vascularization. The development of tissue engineering has provided more promising results in regenerating tendon-like tissues with compositional, structural and functional characteristics comparable to those of native tendon tissues. Tissue engineering is the discipline of regenerative medicine that aims to restore the physiological functions of tissues by using a combination of cells and materials, as well as suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors. In this review, following a discussion of tendon structure, injury and healing, we aim to elucidate the current strategies (biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, cells, biological adjuncts, mechanical loading and bioreactors, and the role of macrophage polarization in tendon regeneration), challenges and future directions in the field of tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ning
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pinxue Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cangjian Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Fu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Liao
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yin
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Jin J, Yang QQ, Zhou YL. Non-Viral Delivery of Gene Therapy to the Tendon. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163338. [PMID: 36015594 PMCID: PMC9415435 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendon, as a compact connective tissue, is difficult to treat after an acute laceration or chronic degeneration. Gene-based therapy is a highly efficient strategy for diverse diseases which has been increasingly applied in tendons in recent years. As technology improves by leaps and bounds, a wide variety of non-viral vectors have been manufactured that attempt to have high biosecurity and transfection efficiency, considered to be a promising treatment modality. In this review, we examine the unwanted biological barriers, the categories of applicable genes, and the introduction and comparison of non-viral vectors. We focus on lipid-based nanoparticles and polymer-based nanoparticles, differentiating between them based on their combination with diverse chemical modifications and scaffolds.
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16
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Makuku R, Werthel JD, Zanjani LO, Nabian MH, Tantuoyir MM. New frontiers of tendon augmentation technology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a concise literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221117212. [PMID: 35983666 PMCID: PMC9393707 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue banking programs fail to meet the demand for human organs and tissues for
transplantation into patients with congenital defects, injuries, chronic
diseases, and end-stage organ failure. Tendons and ligaments are among the most
frequently ruptured and/or worn-out body tissues owing to their frequent use,
especially in athletes and the elderly population. Surgical repair has remained
the mainstay management approach, regardless of scarring and adhesion formation
during healing, which then compromises the gliding motion of the joint and
reduces the quality of life for patients. Tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine approaches, such as tendon augmentation, are promising as they may
provide superior outcomes by inducing host-tissue ingrowth and tendon
regeneration during degradation, thereby decreasing failure rates and morbidity.
However, to date, tendon tissue engineering and regeneration research has been
limited and lacks the much-needed human clinical evidence to translate most
laboratory augmentation approaches to therapeutics. This narrative review
summarizes the current treatment options for various tendon pathologies, future
of tendon augmentation, cell therapy, gene therapy, 3D/4D bioprinting,
scaffolding, and cell signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarirai Makuku
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), School of Medicine, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-David Werthel
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Oryadi Zanjani
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), School of Medicine, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nabian
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), School of Medicine, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marcarious M Tantuoyir
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), School of Medicine, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Biomedical Engineering Unit, University of Ghana Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
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Epidural Fat Tissue Is More Effective for Scar Prevention Than Conventional Subcutaneous Fat Grafting After Laminectomy in a Mouse Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:E485-E493. [PMID: 34802027 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic science study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether epidural fat tissue (EFT) transplantation can prevent epidural adhesion after laminectomy more efficiently than subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) transplantation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Epidural adhesion is almost inevitable after laminectomy. Although many materials have been used to prevent adhesion, none has been widely accepted. As EFT is an ectopic fat tissue located on the dura mater and there is no adhesion between EFT and the dura mater, we focused on the efficacy of EFT for adhesion prevention. METHODS We examined the differences in histology and gene expression between EFT and SFT of mice. We performed laminectomy at the 10th thoracic level and immediately transplanted EFT or SFT to the dura mater in mice. At 6 weeks after transplantation, we performed histological and gene expression analyses and evaluated the adhesion tenacity. In addition, we examined the characteristic differences between human EFT and SFT. RESULTS The adipocytes of EFT were significantly smaller than those of SFT in mice and humans. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokine and fibrosis-related factors was significantly higher in SFT than in EFT. At 6 weeks after transplantation, the percentage of the remaining fat area over the dura mater was significantly greater in the EFT group than in SFT group, and the adhesion tenacity score was significantly lower in the EFT group than that in the SFT group. An RNA sequencing analysis revealed 1921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between human EFT and SFT, and a Gene Ontology term associated with the inflammatory response was most highly enriched in SFT. CONCLUSION EFT has different molecular and histological profiles from SFT and EFT grafting is more effective for epidural adhesion prevention than conventional SFT transplantation after laminectomy in a mouse model.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Wang F, Zhu L, Xue Q, Tang C, Tang W, Zhang N, Dai C, Chen Z. Novel lncRNA AL033381.2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Upregulating PRKRA Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1125932. [PMID: 35035655 PMCID: PMC8759831 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1125932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor that is characterized by aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, whereas the potential mechanism between oxidative stress and carcinogenic effects remains elusive. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers have attracted extensive attention and have been shown to be involved in oxidative stress response and carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the roles of lncRNA AL033381.2 in regulating the development and progression of HCC still remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential effects and molecular mechanisms of AL033381.2 that may be involved in oxidative stress response in HCC. Using bioinformatics analyses based on the TCGA database, we screened and identified a novel lncRNA AL033381.2 in HCC, which may be involved in oxidative stress responses. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that AL033381.2 is upregulated in HCC tissues. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that AL033381.2 dramatically facilitates the growth and metastasis of HCC. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down experiments, mass spectrometry, PathArray™, and RIP were used to determine that AL033381.2 binds to PRKRA and may be involved in AL033381.2-mediated oncogenic functions in HCC cells. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that PRKRA overexpression rescues the abilities of HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion that were affected by AL033381.2 knockdown. Furthermore, we produced a nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery system and tested its therapeutic effects in vivo. The results showed that the in vivo growth rate of the tumors treated with the nanoparticle/AL033381.2 siRNA complexes was dramatically lower than those treated with the nanoparticle/scramble siRNA complexes. Taken together, our results suggest that the novel lncRNA AL033381.2 may be involved in oxidative stress response by targeting oxidative stress-related genes in HCC. AL033381.2 plays vital oncogenic roles in HCC progression and may be a novel therapeutic marker for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Wang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Weidong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
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19
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Magdalena D, Magdalena G. Biological functions and diagnostic implications of microRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.333208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Tendon Tissue Repair in Prospective of Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicines, and Innovative Bioscaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1488829. [PMID: 34824586 PMCID: PMC8610661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1488829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural healing capacity of the tendon tissue is limited due to the hypovascular and cellular nature of this tissue. So far, several conventional approaches have been tested for tendon repair to accelerate the healing process, but all these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields that aspire to develop novel medical devices, innovative bioscaffold, and nanomedicine, by combining different cell sources, biodegradable materials, immune modulators, and nanoparticles for tendon tissue repair. Different studies supported the idea that bioscaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potentiality. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of bioscaffolds for tendon regeneration and repairing. In this review, we provide an overview of the current basic understanding and material science in the field of bioscaffolds, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering for tendon repair.
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21
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Wu G, Sun B, Zhao C, Wang Z, Teng S, Yang M, Cui Z, Zhu G, Yu Y. Three-Dimensional Tendon Scaffold Loaded with TGF-β1 Gene Silencing Plasmid Prevents Tendon Adhesion and Promotes Tendon Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5739-5748. [PMID: 34723484 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tendon adhesion formation is associated with the aberrant expression of many genes, and interfering with the expression of these genes can prevent adhesion and promote tendon repair. Recent studies have found that silencing the transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) gene can reduce the occurrence of tendon adhesions. The development of tissue engineering and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology have provided new solutions for tendon repair. In this study, TGF-β1 gene silencing microRNA (miRNA) based RNAi plasmid was loaded on a 3D tendon scaffold using 3D printing technology. In vitro experiments confirmed the sustained release of plasmid and the good biocompatibility of the printed tendon scaffold. Subsequently, the TGF-β1 gene silencing plasmid loaded tendon scaffold was implanted in a chicken tendon defect model to evaluate the effect of the scaffold in vivo. The results from biomechanical tests and histological examinations showed that the scaffold not only promoted tendon regeneration but also prevented tendon adhesion, which was conducive to the recovery of biofunction. Evaluation of protein expression showed that the loaded plasmids prevented tendon adhesion and promoted tendon functional repair via silencing of the TGF-β1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genbin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Songsong Teng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mengkai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhi Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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22
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MSC-derived immunomodulatory extracellular matrix functionalized electrospun fibers for mitigating foreign-body reaction and tendon adhesion. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:280-296. [PMID: 33894349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion formation during tendon healing remains a severe problem in clinical practice. Multiple factors contribute to postoperative adhesion formation, and macrophage-driven inflammation is thought to be greatly involved in this process. We hypothesize that reducing macrophage-mediated inflammation in the injured tendon by regulating M1 to M2 macrophage polarization may effectively inhibit adhesion formation. Here, we developed an acellular immunomodulatory biomaterial consisting of an electrospun polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) composite fibrous scaffold functionalized with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular matrix (ECM). To enhance the immunoregulatory potential of MSCs, we performed inflammatory licensing with IFN-γ to obtain immunomodulatory ECM (iECM). Proteomic analyses of MSCs and their secreted ECM components from different culture conditions revealed the MSC-ECM molecular signatures and the potential mechanism of ECM immunoregulation. Then, the immunoregulatory potential of the iECM-modified scaffold was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Relative to the PCL/SF fibrous scaffold, the iECM-functionalized scaffold facilitated M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL11, IL-10, IL-1R2, and TGF-β1) in vitro, strongly suggesting the immunosuppressive ability of iECM derived from inflammatory licensed MSCs. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the results of rat subcutaneous implantation indicated that a markedly lower foreign-body reaction (FBR) was obtained in the PCL/SF-iECM group than in the other groups, as evidenced by thinner fibrotic capsule formation, less type I collagen production and more M2-type macrophage polarization. In the rat Achilles tendon injury model, the PCL/SF-iECM scaffold greatly mitigated tendon adhesion with clear sheath space formation between the tendon and the scaffold. These data highlight the immunomodulatory potential of iECM-functionalized fibrous scaffolds to attenuate FBR by modulating M2 macrophage polarization, thereby preventing tendon adhesion. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Electrospun PCL/SF fibrous scaffolds functionalized with ECM secreted by MSCs stimulated by inflammatory factor IFN-γ was developed that combined physical barrier and immunomodulatory functions to prevent tendon adhesion formation. PCL/SF micro-nanoscale bimodal fibrous scaffolds prepared by emulsion electrospinning possess high porosity and a large pore size beneficial for nutrient transport to promote intrinsic healing; moreover, surface modification with immunomodulatory ECM (iECM) mitigates the FBR of fibrous scaffolds to prevent tendon adhesion. The iECM-functionalized electrospun scaffolds exhibit powerful immunomodulatory potency in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the iECM-modified scaffolds, as an anti-adhesion physical barrier with immunomodulatory ability, have an excellent performance in a rat Achilles tendon adhesion model. MSC secretome-based therapeutics, as an acellular regenerative medicine strategy, are expected to be applied to other inflammatory diseases due to its strong immunoregulatory potential.
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Liu Q, Zhu Y, Zhu W, Zhang G, Yang YP, Zhao C. The role of MicroRNAs in tendon injury, repair, and related tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121083. [PMID: 34488121 PMCID: PMC9235073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders that cause considerable morbidity and significantly compromise the patients' quality of life. The innate limited regenerative capacity of tendon poses a substantial treating challenge for clinicians. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in orchestrating many biological processes through post-transcriptional regulation. Increasing evidence reveals that miRNA-based therapeutics may serve as an innovative strategy for the treatment of tendon pathologies. In this review, we briefly present miRNA biogenesis, the role of miRNAs in tendon cell biology and their involvement in tendon injuries, followed by a summary of current miRNA-based approaches in tendon tissue engineering with a special focus on attenuating post-injury fibrosis. Next, we discuss the advantages of miRNA-functionalized scaffolds in achieving sustained and localized miRNA administration to minimize off-target effects, and thus hoping to inspire the development of effective miRNA delivery platforms specifically for tendon tissue engineering. We envision that advancement in miRNA-based therapeutics will herald a new era of tendon tissue engineering and pave a way for clinical translation for the treatments of tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, (by courtesy) Materials Science and Engineering, and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Ye Y, Zhou Y, Jing Z, Xu Y, Yin D. Electrospun heparin-loaded nano-fiber sutures for the amelioration of achilles tendon rupture regeneration: in vivo evaluation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4154-4168. [PMID: 33982044 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous blood circulation improvement is a challenge to promote the healing of ruptured tendons in clinical treatment. Although electrospun membranes or scaffolds enable the reduction of complications such as adhesion, however, low efficiency, toxicity issues, the loss of biological activity, and complex electrospinning techniques are all bottlenecks of these systems. Improving the blood supply is crucial for their successful use, which involves promoting the metabolism and nutrient absorption in tendons. Here, a multifunctional, structurally simple strategy involving heparin-loaded sutures (PPH) that are clinically applicable is reported, in the form of electrospun core-shell nanofibers, with the ability to perform sustained release of anticoagulants heparin (verified in our previous publication) for the improvement of the healing of Achilles tendon. The morphology and diameter distribution of the collagen fiber in the PPH group are closely related to the health of the Achilles tendon than those of commercial sutures (CS). The in vivo results of the total collagen content and the expression of collagen type I in the PPH group are more than those of the CS group. After 6 weeks of culture, the tensile strength of the PPH group shows no significant difference compared to the healthy group. The data obtained in this study improves the current understanding on the regeneration of ruptured tendons and presents a promising strategy for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Jing
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dachuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Hou J, Yang R, Vuong I, Li F, Kong J, Mao HQ. Biomaterials strategies to balance inflammation and tenogenesis for tendon repair. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:1-16. [PMID: 34082095 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult tendon tissue demonstrates a limited regenerative capacity, and the natural repair process leaves fibrotic scar tissue with inferior mechanical properties. Surgical treatment is insufficient to provide the mechanical, structural, and biochemical environment necessary to restore functional tissue. While numerous strategies including biodegradable scaffolds, bioactive factor delivery, and cell-based therapies have been investigated, most studies have focused exclusively on either suppressing inflammation or promoting tenogenesis, which includes tenocyte proliferation, ECM production, and tissue formation. New biomaterials-based approaches represent an opportunity to more effectively balance the two processes and improve regenerative outcomes from tendon injuries. Biomaterials applications that have been explored for tendon regeneration include formation of biodegradable scaffolds presenting topographical, mechanical, and/or immunomodulatory cues conducive to tendon repair; delivery of immunomodulatory or tenogenic biomolecules; and delivery of therapeutic cells such as tenocytes and stem cells. In this review, we provide the biological context for the challenges in tendon repair, discuss biomaterials approaches to modulate the immune and regenerative environment during the healing process, and consider the future development of comprehensive biomaterials-based strategies that can better restore the function of injured tendon. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current strategies for tendon repair focus on suppressing inflammation or enhancing tenogenesis. Evidence indicates that regulated inflammation is beneficial to tendon healing and that excessive tissue remodeling can cause fibrosis. Thus, it is necessary to adopt an approach that balances the benefits of regulated inflammation and tenogenesis. By reviewing potential treatments involving biodegradable scaffolds, biological cues, and therapeutic cells, we contrast how each strategy promotes or suppresses specific repair steps to improve the healing outcome, and highlight the advantages of a comprehensive approach that facilitates the clearance of necrotic tissue and recruitment of cells during the inflammatory stage, followed by ECM synthesis and organization in the proliferative and remodeling stages with the goal of restoring function to the tendon.
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Li ZJ, Yang QQ, Zhou YL. Basic Research on Tendon Repair: Strategies, Evaluation, and Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:664909. [PMID: 34395467 PMCID: PMC8359775 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.664909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a fibro-elastic structure that links muscle and bone. Tendon injury can be divided into two types, chronic and acute. Each type of injury or degeneration can cause substantial pain and the loss of tendon function. The natural healing process of tendon injury is complex. According to the anatomical position of tendon tissue, the clinical results are different. The wound healing process includes three overlapping stages: wound healing, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Besides, the healing tendon also faces a high re-tear rate. Faced with the above difficulties, management of tendon injuries remains a clinical problem and needs to be solved urgently. In recent years, there are many new directions and advances in tendon healing. This review introduces tendon injury and sums up the development of tendon healing in recent years, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, growth factor and drug therapy and tissue engineering. Although most of these therapies have not yet developed to mature clinical application stage, with the repeated verification by researchers and continuous optimization of curative effect, that day will not be too far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jie Li
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Qian Yang
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Fatehi Hassanabad A, Zarzycki AN, Jeon K, Dundas JA, Vasanthan V, Deniset JF, Fedak PWM. Prevention of Post-Operative Adhesions: A Comprehensive Review of Present and Emerging Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071027. [PMID: 34356652 PMCID: PMC8301806 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative adhesions affect patients undergoing all types of surgeries. They are associated with serious complications, including higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Given increased hospitalization, longer operative times, and longer length of hospital stay, post-surgical adhesions also pose a great financial burden. Although our knowledge of some of the underlying mechanisms driving adhesion formation has significantly improved over the past two decades, literature has yet to fully explain the pathogenesis and etiology of post-surgical adhesions. As a result, finding an ideal preventative strategy and leveraging appropriate tissue engineering strategies has proven to be difficult. Different products have been developed and enjoyed various levels of success along the translational tissue engineering research spectrum, but their clinical translation has been limited. Herein, we comprehensively review the agents and products that have been developed to mitigate post-operative adhesion formation. We also assess emerging strategies that aid in facilitating precision and personalized medicine to improve outcomes for patients and our healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Anna N. Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Kristina Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Jameson A. Dundas
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Vishnu Vasanthan
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Justin F. Deniset
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paul W. M. Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2N9, Canada; (A.F.H.); (A.N.Z.); (J.A.D.); (V.V.); (J.F.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang S, Xiang X, Qiu L, Wang L, Zhu B, Guo R, Tang X. Transfection of TGF-β shRNA by Using Ultrasound-targeted Microbubble Destruction to Inhibit the Early Adhesion Repair of Rats Wounded Achilles Tendon In vitro and In vivo. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:71-81. [PMID: 32416687 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200516165828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injury is a major orthopedic disorder. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) provides a promising method for gene transfection, which can be used for the treatment of injured tendons. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence and transfection conditions using UTMD in vitro and to identify its ability for inhibiting the early adhesion repair of rats wounded achilles tendons in vivo. METHODS The optimal sequence was selected analyzing under a fluorescence microscope and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in vitro. In vivo, 40 rats with wounded Achilles tendons were divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) plasmid group (3) plasmid + ultrasound group, (4) plasmid + microbubble group, (5) plasmid + microbubble + ultrasound group, and were euthanized at 14 days post treatment. TGF-β expression was evaluated using adhesion scores and pathological examinations. RESULTS The optimal condition for UTMD delivery in vitro was 1W/cm2 of output intensity and a 30% duty cycle with 60 s irradiation time (P < 0.05). The transfection efficiency of the plasmid in group 5 was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lowest adhesion index score and the least expression of TGF-β were shown in group 5 (P < 0.05). When compared with the other groups, group 5 had a milder inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION The results suggested that UTMD delivery of TGF-β shRNA offers a promising treatment approach for a tendon injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songya Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bihui Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Sustained-Release Hydrogel-Based Rhynchophylline Delivery System Improved Injured Tendon Repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111876. [PMID: 34087778 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the injured flexor tendon healing process, tendon tissue is easy to form extremely dense adhesion with the surrounding tissue, which causes the serious influence of hand function recovery. Uncaria is widely used in clinic and its main composition, Rhynchophylline (Rhy), has been reported on its good therapeutic effect, which could effectively inhibit the intra-abdominal adhesion formation. However, the therapeutic effect of Rhy on tendon healing and adhesion formation is still unclear. Due to the short half-life of Rhy, hyaluronic acid (HA) sustained-release system for Rhy delivery was constructed and it could also avoid drug from the undesired loss during the transit. After Rhy delivery system was applied around the injured tendons, adhesion formation, gliding function and healing strength of tendons were evaluated. Our results showed that the gliding excursion and healing strength of repaired tendons were both significantly increased, as well as the adhesion was inhibited. From in vivo experiments, Rhy could be able to increase the expression of Col Ⅰ/Col Ⅲ and helped fibroblasts to ordered organization for tendon tissues. But for adhesion tissues, Rhy promoted the apoptosis and accelerated the degradation of extracellular matrix. In vitro study showed Rhy could help tenocytes stimulated with TGF-β1 to recover to normal cell functions involving cell proliferation and apoptosis level. Through high-throughput sequencing, we found that Rhy was involved in the regulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) signaling pathway. We draw a conclusion that Rhy enhanced the tendon healing and prevented adhesion formation through inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2. In a word, this sustained release system of Rhy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of injured tendons.
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Advanced technology-driven therapeutic interventions for prevention of tendon adhesion: Design, intrinsic and extrinsic factor considerations. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:15-32. [PMID: 33508510 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon adhesion formation describes the development of fibrotic tissue between the tendon and its surrounding tissues, which commonly occurs as a reaction to injury or surgery. Its impact on function and quality of life varies from negligible to severely disabling, depending on the affected area and extent of adhesion formed. Thus far, treatment options remain limited with prophylactic anti-inflammatory medications and revision surgeries constituting the only tools within the doctors' armamentarium - neither of which provides reliable outcomes. In this review, the authors aim to collate the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tendon adhesion formation, highlighting the significant role ascribed to the inflammatory cascade in accelerating adhesion formation. The bulk of this article will then be dedicated to critically appraising different therapeutic structures like nanoparticles, hydrogels and fibrous membranes fabricated by various cutting-edge technologies for adhesion formation prophylaxis. Emphasis will be placed on the role of the fibrous membranes, their ability to act as drug delivery vehicles as well as the combination with other therapeutic structures (e.g., hydrogel or nanoparticles) or fabrication technologies (e.g., weaving or braiding). Finally, the authors will provide an opinion as to the future direction of the prevention of tendon adhesion formation in view of scaffold structure and function designs.
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31
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Kheilnezhad B, Hadjizadeh A. A review: progress in preventing tissue adhesions from a biomaterial perspective. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2850-2873. [PMID: 33710194 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative adhesions (POA) are one of the main problems suffered by patients and are a common complaint. It is considered to be closely associated with the healing mechanism of damaged tissues. Tissue adhesions accompany other symptoms such as inflammation, pain, and even dyskinesia under certain conditions, compromising the patients' quality of life. On the other hand, common treatments involve high costs, re-surgery or long-term hospital stays. Therefore, alternative approaches need to be formulated so that aforementioned problems can be resolved. To this end, a review of recent advances in this context is imperative. In this review, we have highlighted the mechanism of adhesion formation, advances in common therapeutic approaches, and prospective treatments in preventing tissue adhesions. Based on the literature, it can be determined that the disadvantages of available commercial products in the treatment of tissue adhesion have led researchers to utilize alternative methods for designing anti-adhesive products with different structures such as electrospun fibrous mats, hydrogels, and nanospheres. These studies are on the fast track in producing optimal anti-adhesion materials. We hope that this article can attract attention by showing various mechanisms and solutions involved in adhesion problems and inspire the further development of anti-adhesion biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afra Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Xing SG, Zhou YL, Yang QQ, Ju F, Zhang L, Tang JB. Effects of nanoparticle-mediated growth factor gene transfer to the injured microenvironment on the tendon-to-bone healing strength. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6611-6624. [PMID: 33231577 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tendon-to-bone healing after trauma is usually slow and weak, and the repair site is easily disrupted during early mobilization exercise. bFGF and VEGFA gene therapy may hold promise in augmenting the tendon-to-bone healing process through enhancing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This study is conducted to determine the effects of nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of bFGF and VEGFA genes to the tendon-to-bone repair interface on the healing strength and biological responses in a chicken model. The PLGA nanoparticle/pEGFP-bFGF + pEGFP-VEGFA plasmid complexes were prepared and were characterized in vitro and in vivo. The nanoparticle/plasmid complexes can effectively transfer bFGF and VEGFA genes to the tendon-to-bone interface. Nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of bFGF and VEGFA genes significantly improved the tendon-to-bone healing in terms of healing strengths and histology in a chicken flexor tendon repair model. Our results suggest a new biological approach to accelerate the tendon-to-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Guo Xing
- The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang B, Li W, Harrison J. An Evaluation of Wound Healing Efficacy of a Film Dressing Made from Polymer-integrated Amnion Membrane. Organogenesis 2020; 16:126-136. [PMID: 33164697 PMCID: PMC7714469 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1844507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A film dressing is an easy and common wound management, which is flexible to cover many types of superficial injuries. In a recent study, we developed a scaffold from poly (1,8-octanediolco-citrate) incorporated decellularized amnion membrane (DAM-POC). The DAM-POC scaffold was biocompatible and could enhance soft and hard tissue regeneration when applied to repair the cleft palate in rat. The efficacy of the DAM-POC scaffold in oral repair had led us to hypothesize that it could be employed extensively in the medical field as a wound dressing. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the DAM-POC scaffold as a film dressing in accelerating wound healing when applied in multiple tissue injuries. Our results demonstrated that both the DAM and DAM-POC scaffolds were biocompatible and anti-adhesive without causing severe foreign body reactions when covering wounds in abdominal wall, back muscle, tibia bone, and liver. In addition, the DAM-POC scaffold was superior to the DAM scaffold in reducing inflammation, preventing fibrosis, and regenerating tissues. In conclusion, the DAM-POC scaffold might potentially be adopted as a film dressing in a wide range of therapeutic applications and healing situations to protect the damaged tissues from the external environment and prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wuwei Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Justin Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
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Colloidal properties of self-assembled cationic hyperbranched-polyethyleneimine covered poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles: Exploring modified release and cell delivery of methotrexate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Alipoor SD, Adcock IM, Tabarsi P, Folkerts G, Mortaz E. MiRNAs in tuberculosis: Their decisive role in the fate of TB. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173529. [PMID: 32919937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most lethal global infectious diseases. Despite the availability of much higher levels of technology in health and medicine, tuberculosis still remains a serious global health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the capacity for prolonged survival inside macrophages by exploiting host metabolic and energy pathways and perturbing autophagy and apoptosis of infected cells. The mechanism(s) underlying this process are not completely understood but evidence suggests that mycobacteria subvert the host miRNA network to enable mycobacterial survival. We present here a comprehensive review on the role of miRNAs in TB immune escape mechanisms and the potential for miRNA-based TB therapeutics. Further validation studies are required to (i) elucidate the precise effect of TB on host miRNAs, (ii) determine the inhibition of mycobacterial burden using miRNA-based therapies and (iii) identify novel miRNA biomarkers that may prove useful in TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yao Z, Li J, Wang X, Peng S, Ning J, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA-21-3p Engineered Umbilical Cord Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Tendon Adhesion. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:303-316. [PMID: 32753931 PMCID: PMC7354957 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a common complication of tendon injury, tendon adhesion is an unresolved problem in clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos), one of the most promising new-generation cell-free therapeutic agents, can improve tendon adhesion and explore potential-related mechanisms. Methods The rat Achilles tendon injury adhesion model was constructed in vivo, and the localization of HUMSC-Exos was used to evaluate the tendon adhesion. Rat fibroblast cell lines were treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and/or HUMSC-Exos in vitro, and cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression were measured. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed differential miRNAs. A specific miRNA antagonist (antagomir-21a-5p) was used to transform HUMSC-Exos and obtain modified exosomes to verify its efficacy and related mechanism of action. Results In this study, we found HUMSC-Exos reduced rat fibroblast proliferation and inhibited the expression of fibrosis genes: collagen III (COL III) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vitro. In the rat tendon adhesion model, topical application of HUMSC-Exos contributed to relief of tendon adhesion. Specifically, the fibrosis and inflammation-related genes were simultaneously inhibited by HUMSC-Exos. Further, miRNA sequencing of HUMSCs and HUMSC-Exos showed that miR-21a-3p was expressed at low abundance in HUMSC-Exos. The antagonist targeting miR-21a-3p was recruited for treatment of HUMSCs, and harvested HUMSC-Exos, which expressed low levels of miR-21a-3p, and expanded the inhibition of tendon adhesion in subsequent in vitro experiments. Conclusion Our results indicate that HUMSC-Exos may manipulate p65 activity by delivering low-abundance miR-21a-3p, ultimately inhibiting tendon adhesion. The findings may be promising for dealing with tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256610, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Flexor Tendon: Development, Healing, Adhesion Formation, and Contributing Growth Factors. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 144:639e-647e. [PMID: 31568303 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Management of flexor tendon injuries of the hand remains a major clinical problem. Even with intricate repair, adhesion formation remains a common complication. Significant progress has been made to better understand the mechanisms of healing and adhesion formation. However, there has been slow progress in the clinical prevention and reversal of flexor tendon adhesions. The goal of this article is to discuss recent literature relating to tendon development, tendon healing, and adhesion formation to identify areas in need of further research. Additional research is needed to understand and compare the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms involved in flexor tendon morphogenesis, postoperative healing, and mechanical loading. Such knowledge is critical to determine how to improve repair outcomes and identify new therapeutic strategies to promote tissue regeneration and prevent adhesion formation.
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Zhang N, Hu Z, Qiang Y, Zhu X. Circulating miR-130b- and miR-21-based diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1012. [PMID: 31660696 PMCID: PMC6900362 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the histological types of primary liver cancer with high recurrence and mortality in the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value for HCC patients. Methods In this study, we investigated the circulating miR‐130b‐5p (miR‐130b) and miR‐21‐5p (miR‐21) expression levels in patients with HCC and their association with clinical parameters. Results The circulating miR‐130b and miR‐21 were all upregulated in patients with HCC. The upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological parameters of tumor capsular infiltration and clinical TNM stage. Also, the poor prognosis of patients with upregulated miRNAs levels suggested that it may be an effective therapeutic target for HCC by suppression of the miRNAs levels. In addition, the combined detection of serum miR‐130b and miR‐21 performed better in the diagnosis of HCC with a sensitivity of 92.16% and an accuracy rate of 77.51%. In vivo, tumors treated with the nanoparticle (NP)/miR‐130b and miR‐21 inhibitor complexes had significantly lower growth than the other groups. Conclusion The circulating miR‐130b and miR‐21 can be used as potential tumor biomarkers to diagnose liver cancer, and the combined detection of serum miR‐130b and miR‐21 is superior to the diagnosis of HCC. NP/miR‐130b and miR‐21 inhibitor complexes show good therapeutic effects in vivo and are expected to become therapeutic targets worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenni Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Qiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First people's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
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Conrad S, Weber K, Walliser U, Geburek F, Skutella T. Stem Cell Therapy for Tendon Regeneration: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1084:61-93. [PMID: 30043235 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In adults the healing tendon generates fibrovascular scar tissue and recovers never histologically, mechanically, and functionally which leads to chronic and to degenerative diseases. In this review, the processes and mechanisms of tendon development and fetal regeneration in comparison to adult defect repair and degeneration are discussed in relation to regenerative therapeutic options. We focused on the application of stem cells, growth factors, transcription factors, and gene therapy in tendon injury therapies in order to intervene the scarring process and to induce functional regeneration of the lesioned tissue. Outlines for future therapeutic approaches for tendon injuries will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Weber
- Tierärztliches Zentrum für Pferde in Kirchheim Altano GmbH, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walliser
- Tierärztliches Zentrum für Pferde in Kirchheim Altano GmbH, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Florian Geburek
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Horses - Department of Surgery, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Darge HF, Andrgie AT, Tsai HC, Lai JY. Polysaccharide and polypeptide based injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogels for local biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:545-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Mollaei H, Safaralizadeh R, Rostami Z. MicroRNA replacement therapy in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12369-12384. [PMID: 30605237 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent progress in cancer management approaches, the mortality rate of cancer is still growing and there are lots of challenges in the clinics in terms of novel therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs and are already confirmed to have a great role in regulating gene expression level by targeting multiple molecules that affect cell physiology and disease development. Recently, miRNAs have been introduced as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Regulatory potential of tumor suppressor miRNAs, which enables regulation of entire signaling networks within the cells, makes them an interesting option for developing cancer therapeutics. In this regard, over recent decades, scientists have aimed at developing powerful and safe targeting approaches to restore these suppressive miRNAs in cancerous cells. The present review summarizes the function of miRNAs in tumor development and presents recent findings on how miRNAs have served as therapeutic agents against cancer, with a special focus on tumor suppressor miRNAs (mimics). Moreover, the latest investigations on the therapeutic strategies of miRNA delivery have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Mollaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Graham JG, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK. Biologic and mechanical aspects of tendon fibrosis after injury and repair. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:10-20. [PMID: 30126313 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1512979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries of the hand that require surgical repair often heal with excess scarring and adhesions to adjacent tissues. This can compromise the natural gliding mechanics of the flexor tendons in particular, which operate within a fibro-osseous tunnel system similar to a set of pulleys. Even combining the finest suture repair techniques with optimal hand therapy protocols cannot ensure predictable restoration of hand function in these cases. To date, the majority of research regarding tendon injuries has revolved around the mechanical aspects of the surgical repair (i.e. suture techniques) and postoperative rehabilitation. The central principles of treatment gleaned from this literature include using a combination of core and epitendinous sutures during repair and initiating motion early on in hand therapy to improve tensile strength and limit adhesion formation. However, it is likely that the best clinical solution will utilize optimal biological modulation of the healing response in addition to these core strategies and, recently, the research in this area has expanded considerably. While there are no proven additive biological agents that can be used in clinical practice currently, in this review, we analyze the recent literature surrounding cytokine modulation, gene and cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering, which may ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes following tendon injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Graham
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical School , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical School , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Hand Surgery Division , The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical School , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Hand Surgery Division , The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical School , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Hand Surgery Division , The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Bai Z, Wei J, Yu C, Han X, Qin X, Zhang C, Liao W, Li L, Huang W. Non-viral nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of microRNA therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1209-1225. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. Herein, we will present the development of the strategies for intracellular miRNAs delivery, and specially focus on the rational designed routes, their mechanisms of action, as well as potential therapeutics used in the host cells orin vivostudies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Bai
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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Cui H, He Y, Chen S, Zhang D, Yu Y, Fan C. Macrophage-Derived miRNA-Containing Exosomes Induce Peritendinous Fibrosis after Tendon Injury through the miR-21-5p/Smad7 Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:114-130. [PMID: 30594070 PMCID: PMC6307349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Following tendon injury, the development of fibrotic healing response impairs tendon function and restricts tendon motion. Peritendinous tissue fibrosis poses a major clinical problem in hand surgery. Communication between macrophages and tendon cells has a critical role in regulating the tendon-healing process. Yet, the mechanisms employed by macrophages to control peritendinous fibrosis are not fully understood. Here we analyze the role of macrophages in tendon adhesion in mice by pharmacologically depleting them. Such macrophage-depleted mice have less peritendinous fibrosis formation around the injured tendon compared with wild-type littermates. Macrophage-depleted mice restart fibrotic tendon healing by treatment with bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomes. We show that bone marrow macrophages secrete exosomal miR-21-5p that directly targets Smad7, leading to the activation of fibrogenesis in tendon cells. These results demonstrate that intercellular crosstalk between bone marrow macrophages and tendon cells is mediated by macrophage-derived miR-21-5p-containing exosomes that control the fibrotic healing response, providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Deming Zhang
- Zhejiang Province's Key Laboratory of 3D Printing and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Metformin Hydrochloride-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticle in Periodontal Disease Experimental Model Using Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113488. [PMID: 30404181 PMCID: PMC6274734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that metformin is an antidiabetic drug, which can exert favorable anti-inflammatory effects and decreased bone loss. The development of nanoparticles for metformin might be useful for increased therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin hydrochloride-loaded Poly (d,l-Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/(MET-loaded PLGA) on a ligature-induced periodontitis model in diabetic rats. MET-loaded PLGA were characterized by mean diameter, particle size, polydispensity index, and entrapment efficiency. Maxillae were scanned using Microcomputed Tomography (µCT) and histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay. Quantitative RT-PCR was used (AMPK, NF-κB p65, HMGB1, and TAK-1). The mean diameter of MET-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was in a range of 457.1 ± 48.9 nm (p < 0.05) with a polydispersity index of 0.285 (p < 0.05), Z potential of 8.16 ± 1.1 mV (p < 0.01), and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 66.7 ± 3.73. Treatment with MET-loaded PLGA 10 mg/kg showed low inflammatory cells, weak staining by RANKL, cathepsin K, OPG, and osteocalcin, and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.05), increased AMPK expression gene (p < 0.05) and decreased NF-κB p65, HMGB1, and TAK-1 (p < 0.05). It is concluded that MET-loaded PLGA decreased inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis in diabetic rats.
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46
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Dubin JA, Greenberg DR, Iglinski-Benjamin KC, Abrams GD. Effect of micro-RNA on tenocytes and tendon-related gene expression: A systematic review. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2823-2829. [PMID: 29873411 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the review was to synthesize the current literature regarding the effect of miRNA on biological processes known to be involved in tendon and tenocyte development and homeostasis. Using multiple databases, a systematic review was performed with a customized search term crafted to identify any study examining micro-RNA in relation to tendon and/or tenocytes. Results were classified based on the following categories: Gene expression, tenocyte development and differentiation, tendon tissue repair, and tenocyte senescence. A total of 3,112 potentially relevant studies were reviewed, and after exclusion criteria was applied, 15 investigations were included in the final analysis. There were 14 specific miRNA included in this review, with 11 studies reporting on tendon-related gene expression, five reporting on tendon development and/or tenocyte differentiation, six reporting on tendon tissue repair, and five reporting on tenocyte senescence. The miR-29 family was the most commonly reported micro-RNA in the investigation. We also report on a number of micro-RNA which are associated with both positive and negative effects on tendon homeostasis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2823-2829, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Dubin
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California
| | - Daniel R Greenberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
| | - Kag C Iglinski-Benjamin
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey D Abrams
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
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Huang Y, Shi R, Gong M, Zhang J, Li W, Song Q, Wu C, Tian W. Icariin-loaded electrospun PCL/gelatin sub-microfiber mat for preventing epidural adhesions after laminectomy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4831-4844. [PMID: 30214191 PMCID: PMC6118333 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural adhesion is one of the major reasons attributed to failed back surgery syndrome after a successful laminectomy, and results in serious clinical complications which require management from physicians. Therefore, there is an urgent demand within the field to develop biodegradable anti-adhesion membranes for the prevention of post-operative adhesion. METHODS In this study, icariin (ICA) was initially loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin fibers via electrospinning to fabricate nanofibrous membranes. The effects of the ICA content (0.5wt%, 2wt% and 5wt%) and the bioactivity of ICA in the nanofibrous membranes were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The nanofibrous membranes showed suitable pore size and good properties that were unaffected by ICA concentration. Moreover, the ICA-loaded membranes exhibited an originally rapid and subsequently gradual sustained ICA release profile that could significantly prevent fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. In vivo studies with rabbit laminectomy models demonstrated that the ICA-loaded membranes effectively reduced epidural adhesion by gross observation, histology, and biochemical evaluation. The anti-adhesion mechanism of ICA was found to be via suppression of the TGF-β/Smad signaling proteins and down regulation of collage I/III and a-SMA expression for the first time. CONCLUSION We believe that these ICA-loaded PCL/gelatin electrospun membranes provide a novel and promising strategy to resist adhesion formation following laminectomy in a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Min Gong
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingshuang Zhang
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Weiyang Li
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Qingpeng Song
- Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Chengai Wu
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China,
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Li F, Wang F, Zhu C, Wei Q, Zhang T, Zhou YL. miR-221 suppression through nanoparticle-based miRNA delivery system for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy and its diagnosis as a potential biomarker. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2295-2307. [PMID: 29713162 PMCID: PMC5907790 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-221(miR-221) is frequently dysregulated in cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore whether miR-221 can be used as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods In this study, we investigated whether miR-221 expression was associated with clini-copathological characteristics and prognosis in HCC patients, and we developed a nanoparticle-based miRNA delivery system and detected its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that miR-221 was upregulated in HCC tissues, cell lines and blood of HCC patients. Upregulated miR-221 was associated with clinical TNM stage and tumor capsular infiltration, and showed poor prognosis, suggesting that its suppression could serve as an effective approach for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Treatment of HCC cells with nanoparticle/miR-221 inhibitor complexes suppressed their growth, colony formation ability, migration and invasion. In vivo, the growth of the tumors treated by the nanoparticle/miR-221 inhibitor complexes were significantly less than those treated by the nanoparticle/miRNA scramble complexes. In addition, circulating miR-221 may act as a potential tumor biomarker for early diagnosis of HCC, and combined serum miR-221 and AFP detection gave a better performance than individual detection in early diagnosis of HCC. Conclusion These findings suggest that a nanoparticle-based miRNA delivery system could potentially serve as a safe and effective treatment and miR-221 could also be a potential diagnostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Changlai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | | | - You Lang Zhou
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Serpine1 Knockdown Enhances MMP Activity after Flexor Tendon Injury in Mice: Implications for Adhesions Therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5810. [PMID: 29643421 PMCID: PMC5895578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to flexor tendons can be complicated by fibrotic adhesions, which severely impair the function of the hand. Adhesions have been associated with TGF-β1, which causes upregulation of PAI-1, a master suppressor of protease activity, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). In the present study, the effects of inhibiting PAI-1 in murine zone II flexor tendon injury were evaluated utilizing knockout (KO) mice and local nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery. In the PAI-1 KO murine model, reduced adherence of injured tendon to surrounding subcutaneous tissue and accelerated recovery of normal biomechanical properties compared to wild type controls were observed. Furthermore, MMP activity was significantly increased in the injured tendons of the PAI-1 KO mice, which could explain their reduced adhesions and accelerated remodeling. These data demonstrate that PAI-1 mediates fibrotic adhesions in injured flexor tendons by suppressing MMP activity. In vitro siRNA delivery to silence Serpine1 expression after treatment with TGF-β1 increased MMP activity. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA targeting Serpine1 in injured flexor tendons significantly reduced target gene expression and subsequently increased MMP activity. Collectively, the data demonstrate that PAI-1 can be a druggable target for treating adhesions and accelerating the remodeling of flexor tendon injuries.
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Yang QQ, Shao YX, Zhang LZ, Zhou YL. Therapeutic strategies for flexor tendon healing by nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of bFGF and VEGFA genes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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