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Choi G, Cho Y, Yu SJ, Baek J, Lee M, Kim Y, Lee E, Im SG. Polymer-Coated Surface as an Enzyme-Free Culture Platform to Improve Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hMSC) Characteristics in Extended Passaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7654-7665. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goro Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jung Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieung Baek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gong J, Tanner MG, Venkateswaran S, Stone JM, Zhang Y, Bradley M. A hydrogel-based optical fibre fluorescent pH sensor for observing lung tumor tissue acidity. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1134:136-143. [PMID: 33059859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for measuring physiological parameters in vivo offer the possibility of the detection of disease and its progression due to the resulting changes in tissue pH, or temperature, etc.. Here, a compact hydrogel-based optical fibre pH sensor was fabricated, in which polymer microarrays were utilized for the high-throughput discovery of an optimal matrix for pH indicator immobilization. The fabricated hydrogel-based probe responded rapidly to pH changes and demonstrated a good linear correlation within the physiological pH range (from 5.5 to 8.0) with a precision of 0.10 pH units. This miniature probe was validated by measuring pH across a whole ovine lung and allowed discrimination of tumorous and normal tissue, thus offering the potential for the rapid and accurate observation of tissue pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gong
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK; EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Michael G Tanner
- EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Seshasailam Venkateswaran
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK; EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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3
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Wang G, Qiu L, Li X, Pan Y, Sheng Y, Neumann K, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Deng L, Bradley M, Zhang R. Novel copolymers drive differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells towards chondrocytes and osteoblasts identified by high-throughput approach. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:025005. [PMID: 33438631 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) were seeded onto polymer microarrays that had been fabricated using a variety of acrylate monomers to discover novel substrates that induced differentiation towards chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Flow cytometric analysis showed that both CD105 and CD49d positive hASCs increased rapidly with passage number on the lead polymers, while quantitative PCR analysis showed that the substrate synthesized from methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate enhanced chondrogenesis and osteogenensis some 4 and 25 times respectively in terms of the expression of SOX9 and ALP in differentiated stem cells. These copolymers substrates thus have great potential for application in the purification, generation and expansion of defined hASC's and the controlled differentiation of of cells for possible clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
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4
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Owen R, Bahmaee H, Claeyssens F, Reilly GC. Comparison of the Anabolic Effects of Reported Osteogenic Compounds on Human Mesenchymal Progenitor-derived Osteoblasts. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E12. [PMID: 31972962 PMCID: PMC7148480 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is variability in the reported effects of compounds on osteoblasts arising from differences in experimental design and choice of cell type/origin. This makes it difficult to discern a compound's action outside its original study and compare efficacy between compounds. Here, we investigated five compounds frequently reported as anabolic for osteoblasts (17β-estradiol (oestrogen), icariin, lactoferrin, lithium chloride, and menaquinone-4 (MK-4)) on human mesenchymal progenitors to assess their potential for bone tissue engineering with the aim of identifying a potential alternative to expensive recombinant growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Experiments were performed using the same culture conditions to allow direct comparison. The concentrations of compounds spanned two orders of magnitude to encompass the reported efficacious range and were applied continuously for 22 days. The effects on the proliferation (resazurin reduction and DNA quantification), osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity), and mineralised matrix deposition (calcium and collagen quantification) were assessed. Of these compounds, only 10 µM MK-4 stimulated a significant anabolic response with 50% greater calcium deposition. Oestrogen and icariin had no significant effects, with the exception of 1 µM icariin, which increased the metabolic activity on days 8 and 22. 1000 µg/mL of lactoferrin and 10 mM lithium chloride both significantly reduced the mineralised matrix deposition in comparison to the vehicle control, despite the ALP activity being higher in lithium chloride-treated cells at day 15. This demonstrates that MK-4 is the most powerful stimulant of bone formation in hES-MPs of the compounds investigated, highlighting its potential in bone tissue engineering as a method of promoting bone formation, as well as its prospective use as an osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Owen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (H.B.); (F.C.); (G.C.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Hossein Bahmaee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (H.B.); (F.C.); (G.C.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (H.B.); (F.C.); (G.C.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (H.B.); (F.C.); (G.C.R.)
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Yang R, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang P, Liu X, Ren Y, Tan X, Chi B. Bioinspired poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels for enhanced chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:332-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Allan SJ, De Bank PA, Ellis MJ. Bioprocess Design Considerations for Cultured Meat Production With a Focus on the Expansion Bioreactor. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Gong J, Venkateswaran S, Tanner MG, Stone JM, Bradley M. Polymer Microarrays for the Discovery and Optimization of Robust Optical-Fiber-Based pH Sensors. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:417-424. [PMID: 30973701 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microarrays were utilized for the high-throughput screening and discovery of optimal polymeric substrates capable of trapping functional ratiometric fluorescence-based pH sensors. This led to the identification of poly(methyl methacrylate- co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) (PA101), which allowed, via dip coating, the attachment of fluorescent pH sensors onto the tips of optical fibers, resulting in robust, rapid, and reproducible sensing of physiological pHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gong
- School of Chemsitry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Seshasailam Venkateswaran
- School of Chemsitry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Tanner
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Stone
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemsitry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Proteus Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Zhang B, Kasoju N, Li Q, Ma J, Yang A, Cui Z, Wang H, Ye H. Effect of Substrate Topography and Chemistry on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers: A Transcriptome Study. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:84-94. [PMID: 30836724 PMCID: PMC6457710 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) proposed a set of minimal markers for identifying human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in 2007. Since then, with the growing interest of better characterising hMSCs, various additional surface markers have been proposed. However, the impact of how culture conditions, in particular, the culture surface, vary the expression of hMSC markers was overlooked. Methods and Results In this study, we utilized the RNA sequencing data on hMSCs cultured on different surfaces to investigate the variation of the proposed hMSC biomarkers. One of the three ISCT proposed positive biomarker, CD90 was found to be significantly down regulated on hMSCs culture on fibrous surfaces when compared to flat surfaces. The detected gene expression values for 177 hMSCs biomarkers compiled from the literature are reported here. Correlation and cluster analysis revealed the existence of different biomarker communities that displayed a similar expression profile. We found a list of hMSCs biomarkers which are the least sensitive to a change in surface properties and another list of biomarkers which are found to have high sensitivity to a change in surface properties. Conclusions This study demonstrated that substrate properties have paramount effect on altering the expressions of hMSCs biomarkers and the proposed list of substrate-stable and substrate-sensitive biomarkers would better assist in the population characterisation. However, proteomic level analysis would be essential to confirm the observations noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naresh Kasoju
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jinmin Ma
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Aidong Yang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang L, Xiao L, Zhang RZ, Qiu LZ, Zhang R, Shi HX. Effects of acrylate/acrylamide polymers on the adhesion, growth and differentiation of Muse cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 14:015003. [PMID: 30277887 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aae5cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylate/acrylamide copolymers have excellent optical properties and biocompatibility and are ideal biomaterials that have been widely used in tissue engineering. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells (Muse cells) are a specific subset of mesenchymal stem cells that have an excellent potential for the regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of acrylate/acrylamide copolymers on the adhesion, proliferation and pluripotent-like properties of Muse cells, which were derived from normal human dermal fibroblasts by long-term trypsin incubation. METHODS In an initial experiment, Muse cells were seeded on primary microarrays containing micro-spots of 275 different mixtures of acrylate/acrylamide. Each mixture was composed of two of 11 different monomers in various proportions, and was replicated in four micro-spots each. According to the adhesion and growth characteristics of Muse cells on those substrates, specific polymer candidates for Muse cells were selected and secondary microarrays were prepared. We then observed the effects of those specific polymer candidates on the adherence, proliferation and differentiation of Muse cells and suitable candidates for their optimal culture were identified. RESULTS According to the adhesion and growth patterns of Muse cells on the primary microarrays, ten suitable mixtures of acrylate/acrylamide copolymers were identified. Muse cells grew well on six of those combinations and around the four other combinations of those polymer mixtures. Muse cells cultured on three of those combinations proliferated and differentiated into long spindle-shaped cells that looked like fibroblasts, while Muse cells cultured on one combination formed clusters that were ring-shaped. Muse cells cultured on some of those combinations of acrylate/acrylamide proliferated and formed clusters that appeared to be very healthy, whereas Muse cells cultured on other combinations formed clusters that expanded outwards. CONCLUSIONS These results identified a polymer combination that was optimum for the adhesion, proliferation and maintenance of Muse cells in an undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, People's Republic of China. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Schmidt S, Lilienkampf A, Bradley M. New substrates for stem cell control. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170223. [PMID: 29786558 PMCID: PMC5974446 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to culture stem cells in a controllable, robust and scalable manner is necessary in order to develop successful strategies for the generation of cellular and tissue platforms for drug screening, toxicity testing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Creating substrates that support the expansion, maintenance or directional differentiation of stem cells would greatly aid these efforts. Optimally, the substrates used should be chemically defined and synthetically scalable, allowing growth under defined, serum-free culture conditions. To achieve this, the chemical and physical attributes of the substrates should mimic the natural tissue environment and allow control of their biological properties. Herein, recent advances in the development of materials to study/manipulate stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo, are described with a focus on the novelty of the substrates' properties, and on application of substrates to direct stem cells.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schmidt
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
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Abstract
The field of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) biology and clinical cellular therapy has grown exponentially over the last few decades. With discovery of multiple tissue specific sources of stromal cells, invariably being termed MSCs, and their increasing clinical application, there is a need to further delineate the true definition of a mesenchymal stromal cell and to recognise the inherit differences between cell sources; both their potential and limitations. In this review, we discuss the importance of considering every stromal cell source as an independent entity and the need to critically evaluate and appreciate the true phenotype of these cells and their safety when considering their use in novel cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Balikov DA, Crowder SW, Lee JB, Lee Y, Ko UH, Kang ML, Kim WS, Shin JH, Sung HJ. Aging Donor-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species Loads and Increased Differentiation Potential Following Serial Expansion on a PEG-PCL Copolymer Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020359. [PMID: 29370101 PMCID: PMC5855581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely studied for therapeutic development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They can be harvested from human donors via tissue biopsies, such as bone marrow aspiration, and cultured to reach clinically relevant cell numbers. However, an unmet issue lies in the fact that the hMSC donors for regenerative therapies are more likely to be of advanced age. Their stem cells are not as potent compared to those of young donors, and continue to lose healthy, stemness-related activities when the hMSCs are serially passaged in tissue culture plates. Here, we have developed a cheap, scalable, and effective copolymer film to culture hMSCs obtained from aged human donors over several passages without loss of reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling or differentiation capacity. Assays of cell morphology, reactive oxygen species load, and differentiation potential demonstrate the effectiveness of copolymer culture on reduction in senescence-related activities of aging donor-derived hMSCs that could hinder the therapeutic potential of autologous stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Ung Hyun Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Bianchi MV, Awaja F, Altankov G. Dynamic adhesive environment alters the differentiation potential of young and ageing mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:467-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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A bioorthogonal nanosystem for imaging and in vivo tumor inhibition. Biomaterials 2017; 138:57-68. [PMID: 28554008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal bond-cleavage reactions have emerged as promising tools for manipulating biological processes, still the therapeutic effect of these reactions in vivo needs to be explored. Herein a bioorthogonal-activated prodrug has been developed for bioimaging and therapy, which is composed of a Pd-mediated cleavable propargyl, a coumarin fluorophore and a potent anticancer drug. In vitro investigations show that, the presence of a Pd complex induces the cleavage of propargyl and subsequently trigger the cascade of reactions, thereby activating the coumarin fluorophore for imaging and releasing the anticancer drug for therapy. Both the prodrug and Pd complex were then separately encapsulated into phospholipid liposomes to form a two-component bioorthogonal nanosystem. The lyposomal nanosystem can be readily internalized by HeLa cells and displays strong intracellular fluorescence under one- or two-photon excitation, indicating the release of the active drug in cells as a result of the Pd-mediated bioorthogonal bond-cleavage reaction. More importantly, the nanosystem shows considerable high activity and exerts efficient inhibition towards tumor growth in a mouse model. This work demonstrates that, if properly formulated, a bioorthogonal system can perform well in vivo. This strategy may offer a new approach for designing bioorthogonal prodrugs with imaging and therapeutic capability.
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Ren K, Cui H, Xu Q, He C, Li G, Chen X. Injectable Polypeptide Hydrogels with Tunable Microenvironment for 3D Spreading and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3862-3871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Ren
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Gao Li
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Venturato A, MacFarlane G, Geng J, Bradley M. Understanding Polymer-Cell Attachment. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1864-1872. [PMID: 27779357 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of polymeric materials with cell adhesion abilities requires an understanding of cell-surface interactions which vary with cell type. To investigate the correlation between cell attachment and the nature of the polymer, a series of random and block copolymers composed of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are synthesized through single electron transfer living radical polymerization. The polymers are synthesized with highly defined and controlled monomer compositions and exhibited narrow polydispersity indices. These polymers are examined for their performance in the attachment and growth of HeLa and HEK cells, with attachment successfully modeled on monomer composition and polymer chain length, with both cell lines found to preferentially attach to moderately hydrophobic functional materials. The understanding of the biological-material interactions assessed in this study will underpin further investigations of engineered polymer scaffolds with predictable cell binding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Venturato
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3KJ, UK
| | - Gillian MacFarlane
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3KJ, UK
| | - Jin Geng
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3KJ, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3KJ, UK
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18
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Ding S, Kingshott P, Thissen H, Pera M, Wang PY. Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:260-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Martin Pera
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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19
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Mamidi MK, Das AK, Zakaria Z, Bhonde R. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1307-16. [PMID: 26973328 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for articular cartilage damage is quite challenging as it shows limited repair and regeneration following injury. Non-operative and classical surgical techniques are inefficient in restoring normal anatomy and function of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, investigating new and effective strategies for OA are necessary to establish feasible therapeutic solutions. The emergence of the new discipline of regenerative medicine, having cell-based therapy as its primary focus, may enable us to achieve repair and restore the damaged articular cartilage. This review describes progress and development of employing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy as a promising alternative for OA treatment. The objective of this review is to first, discuss how in vitro MSC chondrogenic differentiation mimics in vivo embryonic cartilage development, secondly, to describe various chondrogenic differentiation strategies followed by pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating their feasibility and efficacy. However, several challenges need to be tackled before this research can be translated to the clinics. In particular, better understanding of the post-transplanted cell behaviour and learning to enhance their potency in the disease microenvironment is essential. Final objective is to underscore the importance of isolation, storage, cell shipment, route of administration, optimum dosage and control batch to batch variations to realise the full potential of MSCs in OA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Mamidi
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - A K Das
- Department of Surgery, Taylor's University School of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zakaria
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore 560065, India.
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20
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Schnitzler AC, Verma A, Kehoe DE, Jing D, Murrell JR, Der KA, Aysola M, Rapiejko PJ, Punreddy S, Rook MS. Bioprocessing of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for therapeutic use: Current technologies and challenges. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Arrays of 3D double-network hydrogels for the high-throughput discovery of materials with enhanced physical and biological properties. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:104-112. [PMID: 26712601 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels are attractive biomaterials due to their similarity to natural tissues and their chemical tunability, which can impart abilities to respond to environmental cues, e.g. temperature, pH and light. The mechanical properties of hydrogels can be enhanced by the generation of a double-network. Here, we report the development of an array platform that allows the macroscopic synthesis of up to 80 single- and double-network hydrogels on a single microscope slide. This new platform allows for the screening of hydrogels as 3D features in a high-throughput format with the added dimension of significant control over the compressive and tensile properties of the materials, thus widening their potential application. The platform is adaptable to allow different hydrogels to be generated, with the potential ability to tune and alter the first and second network, and represents an exciting tool in material and biomaterial discovery.
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22
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Wang G, Duan Z, Sheng Y, Neumann K, Deng L, Li J, Bradley M, Zhang R. Tuning the emission properties of a fluorescent polymer using a polymer microarray approach – identification of an optothermo responsive polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10521-4. [PMID: 27491507 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymer microarrays were prepared using inkjet printing and screened. The fluorescence intensity was found to be tunable by temperature change when the dye was immobilized in identified thermo-responsive polymer beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Zongquan Duan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Yang Sheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Kevin Neumann
- School of Chemistry
- EaStCHEM
- University of Edinburgh
- Joseph Black Building
- West Mains Road
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry
- EaStCHEM
- University of Edinburgh
- Joseph Black Building
- West Mains Road
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
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23
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Corradetti B, Ferrari M. Nanotechnology for mesenchymal stem cell therapies. J Control Release 2015; 240:242-250. [PMID: 26732556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display great proliferative, differentiative, chemotactic, and immune-modulatory properties required to promote tissue repair. Several clinical trials based on the use of MSC are currently underway for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this article is to examine the current trends and potential impact of nanotechnology in MSC-driven regenerative medicine. Nanoparticle-based approaches are used as powerful carrier systems for the targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to ensure MSC long-term maintenance in vitro and to enhance their regenerative potential. Nanostructured materials have been developed to recapitulate the stem cell niche within a tissue and to instruct MSC toward the creation of regeneration-permissive environment. Finally, the capability of MSC to migrate toward the site of injury/inflammation has allowed for the development of diagnostic imaging systems able to monitor transplanted stem cell bio-distribution, toxicity, and therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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24
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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25
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Duffy CRE, Zhang R, How SE, Lilienkampf A, Tourniaire G, Hu W, West CC, de Sousa P, Bradley M. A high-throughput polymer microarray approach for identifying defined substrates for mesenchymal stem cells. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1683-1692. [PMID: 32481948 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise in regenerative medicine due to their wide multilineage potential as well as their ability to suppress/modulate the immune response. Maintaining these cells in vitro and expanding them on a clinically relevant scale remains a challenge that needs to be addressed to realise their full potential. Current culture methods for MSCs typically rely on animal sourced substrates and often result in a heterogeneous population of cells with varying degrees of differentiation capacity. Here, a high-throughput platform was used to identify synthetic substrates for MSC culture that not only facilitated growth but also maintained the MSC phenotype. Two polymers, PU157 (synthesised from poly(butyleneglycol) and 4,4'-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate with 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-propanediol as a chain extender) and PA338 (N-methylaniline modified poly(methylmethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate)) were able to maintain the growth and phenotype of human embryonic derived mesenchymal progenitors (hES-MPs) and adipose derived MSCs (ADMSCs) for five and ten passages, respectively. Cell phenotype and multipotency were confirmed by flow cytometry analysis of ten MSC markers and differentiation analysis. These new polymer substrates provide a chemically defined synthetic surface for efficient, long-term MSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairnan R E Duffy
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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26
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Venkateswaran S, Wu M, Gwynne PJ, Hardman A, Lilienkampf A, Pernagallo S, Blakely G, Swann DG, Gallagher MP, Bradley M. Bacteria repelling poly(methylmethacrylate- co-dimethylacrylamide) coatings for biomedical devices†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Polymer microarray screening, including analysis of bacterial adhesion by fluorescence microscopy and SEM, and chemical composition of bacteria repelling polymers identified in the screen; polymer synthesis and characterisation; preparation of catheter pieces and solvent studies, and details for confocal imaging/analysis. See DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01129eClick here for additional data file. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6723-6729. [PMID: 25580245 PMCID: PMC4247239 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections due to bacteria have serious implications on the health and recovery of patients in a variety of medical scenarios. Since bacterial contamination on medical devices contributes to the majority of nosocomical infections, there is a need for redesigning the surfaces of medical devices, such as catheters and tracheal tubes, to resist the binding of bacteria. In this work, polyurethanes and polyacrylates/acrylamides, which resist binding by the major bacterial pathogens underpinning implant-associated infections, were identified using high-throughput polymer microarrays. Subsequently, two 'hit' polymers, PA13 (poly(methylmethacrylate-co-dimethylacrylamide)) and PA515 (poly(methoxyethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate)), were used to coat catheters and substantially shown to decrease binding of a variety of bacteria (including isolates from infected endotracheal tubes and heart valves from intensive care unit patients). Catheters coated with polymer PA13 showed up to 96% reduction in bacteria binding in comparison to uncoated catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshasailam Venkateswaran
- School of Chemistry , EaStCHEM , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 4820
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Chemistry , EaStCHEM , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 4820
| | - Peter J Gwynne
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 5409
| | - Ailsa Hardman
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 5409
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- School of Chemistry , EaStCHEM , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 4820
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- School of Chemistry , EaStCHEM , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 4820
| | - Garry Blakely
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 5409
| | - David G Swann
- Critical Care , NHS Lothian , Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , 51 Little France Crescent , Edinburgh , EH16 4SA , UK
| | - Maurice P Gallagher
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 5409
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry , EaStCHEM , University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3JJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)131 650 4820
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