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Arnold F, Mahaddalkar PU, Kraus JM, Zhong X, Bergmann W, Srinivasan D, Gout J, Roger E, Beutel AK, Zizer E, Tharehalli U, Daiss N, Russell R, Perkhofer L, Oellinger R, Lin Q, Azoitei N, Weiss F, Lerch MM, Liebau S, Katz S, Lechel A, Rad R, Seufferlein T, Kestler HA, Ott M, Sharma AD, Hermann PC, Kleger A. Functional Genomic Screening During Somatic Cell Reprogramming Identifies DKK3 as a Roadblock of Organ Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100626. [PMID: 34306986 PMCID: PMC8292873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming and tissue repair share relevant factors and molecular programs. Here, Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is identified as novel factor for organ regeneration using combined transcription-factor-induced reprogramming and RNA-interference techniques. Loss of Dkk3 enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells but does not affect de novo derivation of embryonic stem cells, three-germ-layer differentiation or colony formation capacity of liver and pancreatic organoids. However, DKK3 expression levels in wildtype animals and serum levels in human patients are elevated upon injury. Accordingly, Dkk3-null mice display less liver damage upon acute and chronic failure mediated by increased proliferation in hepatocytes and LGR5+ liver progenitor cell population, respectively. Similarly, recovery from experimental pancreatitis is accelerated. Regeneration onset occurs in the acinar compartment accompanied by virtually abolished canonical-Wnt-signaling in Dkk3-null animals. This results in reduced expression of the Hedgehog repressor Gli3 and increased Hedgehog-signaling activity upon Dkk3 loss. Collectively, these data reveal Dkk3 as a key regulator of organ regeneration via a direct, previously unacknowledged link between DKK3, canonical-Wnt-, and Hedgehog-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Pallavi U Mahaddalkar
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstraße 185764 NeuherbergGermany
| | - Johann M. Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell AnalysisUniversity Medical Center RostockSchillingallee 7018057 RostockGermany
| | - Dharini Srinivasan
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alica K. Beutel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Eugen Zizer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Ronan Russell
- Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Bayer AG Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticalsMüllerstraße 17813353 BerlinGermany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Frank‐Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
- Klinikum der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München‐GroßhadernMarchioninistraße 1581377 MünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology INDBEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 372074 TübingenGermany
| | - Sarah‐Fee Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
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Borgohain MP, Haridhasapavalan KK, Dey C, Adhikari P, Thummer RP. An Insight into DNA-free Reprogramming Approaches to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:286-313. [PMID: 30417242 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade ago, a pioneering study reported generation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of a cocktail of reprogramming factors in fibroblasts. This study has revolutionized stem cell research and has garnered immense interest from the scientific community globally. iPSCs hold tremendous potential for understanding human developmental biology, disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, and personalized cell-based therapeutic applications. The seminal study identified Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc as a potent combination of genes to induce reprogramming. Subsequently, various reprogramming factors were identified by numerous groups. Most of these studies have used integrating viral vectors to overexpress reprogramming factors in somatic cells to derive iPSCs. However, these techniques restrict the clinical applicability of these cells as they may alter the genome due to random viral integration resulting in insertional mutagenesis and tumorigenicity. To circumvent this issue, alternative integration-free reprogramming approaches are continuously developed that eliminate the risk of genomic modifications and improve the prospects of iPSCs from lab to clinic. These methods establish that integration of transgenes into the genome is not essential to induce pluripotency in somatic cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most promising DNA-free reprogramming techniques that have the potential to derive integration-free iPSCs without genomic manipulation, such as sendai virus, recombinant proteins, microRNAs, synthetic messenger RNA and small molecules. The understanding of these approaches shall pave a way for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs. Subsequently, these iPSCs can be differentiated into desired cell type(s) for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Poulomi Adhikari
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Zeng J, Li Y, Ma Z, Hu M. Advances in Small Molecules in Cellular Reprogramming: Effects, Structures, and Mechanisms. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:115-132. [PMID: 32564763 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200621172042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The method of cellular reprogramming using small molecules involves the manipulation of somatic cells to generate desired cell types under chemically limited conditions, thus avoiding the ethical controversy of embryonic stem cells and the potential hazards of gene manipulation. The combinations of small molecules and their effects on mouse and human somatic cells are similar. Several small molecules, including CHIR99021, 616452, A83-01, SB431542, forskolin, tranylcypromine and valproic acid [VPA], have been frequently used in reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells. This indicated that the reprogramming approaches related to these compounds were essential. These approaches were mainly divided into four classes: epigenetic modification, signal modulation, metabolic modulation and senescent suppression. The structures and functions of small molecules involved in these reprogramming approaches have been studied extensively. Molecular docking gave insights into the mechanisms and structural specificities of various small molecules in the epigenetic modification. The binding modes of RG108, Bix01294, tranylcypromine and VPA with their corresponding proteins clearly illustrated the interactions between these compounds and the active sites of the proteins. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β [CHIR99021], transforming growth factor β [616452, A83-01 and SB431542] and protein kinase A [forskolin] signaling pathway play important roles in signal modulation during reprogramming, however, the mechanisms and structural specificities of these inhibitors are still unknown. Further, the numbers of small molecules in the approaches of metabolic modulation and senescent suppression were too few to compare. This review aims to serve as a reference for reprogramming through small molecules in order to benefit future regenerative medicine and clinical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Min Hu
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
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Zheng J, Yun W, Park J, Kang PJ, Lee G, Song G, Kim IY, You S. Long-term expansion of directly reprogrammed keratinocyte-like cells and in vitro reconstitution of human skin. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:56. [PMID: 32312260 PMCID: PMC7171822 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human keratinocytes and derived products are crucial for skin repair and regeneration. Despite substantial advances in engineered skin equivalents, their poor availability and immunorejection remain major challenges in skin grafting. Methods Induced keratinocyte-like cells (iKCs) were directly reprogrammed from human urine cells by retroviral transduction of two lineage-specific transcription factors BMI1 and △NP63α (BN). Expression of keratinocyte stem cell or their differentiation markers were assessed by PCR, immunofluorescence and RNA-Sequencing. Regeneration capacity of iKCs were assessed by reconstitution of a human skin equivalent under air-interface condition. Results BN-driven iKCs were similar to primary keratinocytes (pKCs) in terms of their morphology, protein expression, differentiation potential, and global gene expression. Moreover, BN-iKCs self-assembled to form stratified skin equivalents in vitro. Conclusions This study demonstrated an approach to generate human iKCs that could be directly reprogrammed from human somatic cells and extensively expanded in serum- and feeder cell-free systems, which will facilitate their broad applicability in an efficient and patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilju Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:124-144. [PMID: 32822682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed to pluripotency from somatic cells, has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery pipelines. Since the first generation of iPSCs in 2006, there has been enormous effort to develop new methods that increase reprogramming efficiency, and obviate the need for viral vectors. In parallel to this, the promise of in vivo reprogramming to convert cells into a desired cell type to repair damage in the body, constitutes a new paradigm in approaches for tissue regeneration. This review article explores the current state of reprogramming techniques for iPSC generation with a specific focus on alternative methods that use biophysical and biochemical stimuli to reduce or eliminate exogenous factors, thereby overcoming the epigenetic barrier towards vector-free approaches with improved clinical viability. We then focus on application of iPSC for therapeutic approaches, by giving an overview of ongoing clinical trials using iPSCs for a variety of health conditions and discuss future scope for using materials and reagents to reprogram cells in the body.
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Kang PJ, Son D, Ko TH, Hong W, Yun W, Jang J, Choi JI, Song G, Lee J, Kim IY, You S. mRNA-Driven Generation of Transgene-Free Neural Stem Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091043. [PMID: 31489945 PMCID: PMC6769943 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold enormous promise for neurological disorders, typically requiring their expandable and differentiable properties for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. Despite the therapeutic potential of induced NSCs (iNSCs), a major challenge for clinical feasibility is the presence of integrated transgenes in the host genome, contributing to the risk for undesired genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe the advanced transgene-free generation of iNSCs from human urine-derived cells (HUCs) by combining a cocktail of defined small molecules with self-replicable mRNA delivery. The established iNSCs were completely transgene-free in their cytosol and genome and further resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs in the morphology, biological characteristics, global gene expression, and potential to differentiate into functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, iNSC colonies were observed within eight days under optimized conditions, and no teratomas formed in vivo, implying the absence of pluripotent cells. This study proposes an approach to generate transplantable iNSCs that can be broadly applied for neurological disorders in a safe, efficient, and patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Kang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Daryeon Son
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hong
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jangbo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Small molecules and extrinsic factors promoting differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2019; 80:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Li L, Zhang D, Ren Y, Ye S, Zheng B, Liu S, Zaheer Ahmed J, Li M, Shi D, Huang B. The modification of mitochondrial energy metabolism and histone of goat somatic cells under small molecules compounds induction. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:138-149. [PMID: 30098220 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technique is able to allow us to generate pluripotency from somatic cells in vitro through the over expression of several transcription factors. Normally, viral vectors and transcription factors are commonly used on iPSC technique, which could cause many barriers on further application. In this study, we attempt to process a new method to obtain pluripotency from goat somatic cells in vitro under fully chemically defined condition. The results showed that chemically induced pluripotent stem cells-like cells (CiPSC-like cells) colonies were generated from goat ear fibroblasts by fully small-molecule compounds. Those three dimensions colonies were similar with mouse iPSCs in morphology and had strong positive alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expressed pluripotency related genes OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, CDH1, TDGF, GDF3, DAX1, REX1, which determined by RT-PCR. Those colonies could also differentiate into different cell types derived from three germ layers proved by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays. The expression of glycolysis-related genes about PGAM1, KPYM2 and HXK2 in CiPSC-like colonies formation groups was significantly higher than their parental fibroblasts, but not in the non-CiPSC-like colonies formation group. The expression of histone acetylation and methylation-related genes, HAT1 and SMYD3, was not significantly up-regulated within different groups compared to their parental fibroblasts, respectively. Yet, the expression of histone methylation-related gene, KDM5B, was significantly up-regulated on the cells from non-colonies formation group compared to parental fibroblasts, but the expression of KDM5B of the cells from CiPSC-like cell colonies was not significantly difference compared to that of parental fibroblasts. In conclusion, this is the first report that CiPSC-like cells could be generated in vitro from goat rather than just mouse under fully chemically defined condition. The generation of CiPSC-like colonies may be depended on the correct modification of energy metabolism and histone epigenetic during the reprogramming, rather than just the over-expression of those pluripotency-related genes. This study will strongly support us to further establish the stable goat CiPSC lines without any integration of exogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jam Zaheer Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengmei Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Inhibitory effect of celastrol on adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Park S, Kim H, Kim K, Roh S. Sonic hedgehog signalling regulates the self-renewal and proliferation of skin-derived precursor cells in mice. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12500. [PMID: 30151845 PMCID: PMC6528853 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway has an important role in the maintenance of various stem cells and organogenesis during development. However, the effect of Shh in skin-derived precursors (SKPs), which have the capacity for multipotency and self-renewal, is not yet clear. The present study investigated the effects of the Shh signalling pathway on the proliferation and self-renewal of murine SKPs (mSKPs). METHODS The Shh signalling pathway was activated by treatment with purmorphamine (Shh agonist) or recombinant Shh in mSKPs. Cyclopamine (Shh antagonist) or GANT-61 (Gli inhibitor) was used to inhibit the pathway. Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were used to analyse the expression of genes related to self-renewal, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Shh signalling pathway. In addition, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined. RESULTS Inhibiting the Shh signalling pathway reduced mSKP proliferation and sphere formation, but increased apoptosis. Activating this signalling pathway produced opposite results. The Shh signalling pathway also controlled the EMT phenotype in mSKPs. Moreover, purmorphamine recovered the self-renewal and proliferation of aged mSKPs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the Shh signalling pathway has an important role in the proliferation, self-renewal and apoptosis of mSKPs. These findings also provide a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying SKP self-renewal and apoptosis that allow more efficient expansion of SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology LaboratoryDental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of DentistrySeoulKorea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology LaboratoryDental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of DentistrySeoulKorea
| | - Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology LaboratoryDental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of DentistrySeoulKorea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology LaboratoryDental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of DentistrySeoulKorea
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Lee YS, Jung WY, Heo H, Park MG, Oh SH, Park BG, Kim S. Exosome-Mediated Ultra-Effective Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Neural Progenitor-like Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2531-2538. [PMID: 29462562 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, naturally secreted nanoparticles, have been introduced as vehicles for horizontal transfer of genetic material. We induced autologous exosomes containing a cocktail of reprogramming factors ("reprosomes") to convert fibroblasts into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The fibroblasts were treated with ultrasound and subsequently cultured in neural stem cell medium for 1 day to induce the release of reprosomes composed of reprogramming factors associated with chromatin remodeling and neural lineage-specific factors. After being treated with reprosomes, fibroblasts were converted into NPCs (rNPCs) with great efficiency via activation of chromatin remodeling, so quickly that only 5 days were required for the formation of 1500 spheroids showing an NPC-like phenotype. The rNPCs maintained self-renewal and proliferative properties for several weeks and successfully differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Reprosome-mediated cellular reprogramming is simple, safe, and efficient to produce autologous stem cells for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine , Catholic Kwandong University , Gangneung-si , Gangwon-do 270-701 , Republic of Korea
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital , Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yong Jung
- Department of Pathology , Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital , Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Heo
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine , Catholic Kwandong University , Gangneung-si , Gangwon-do 270-701 , Republic of Korea
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital , Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Park
- Department of Surgery , Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital , Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center , CHA University , Seongnam 13497 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Gon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Catholic Kwandong University , Gangneung-si , Gangwon-do 270-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhag Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine , Catholic Kwandong University , Gangneung-si , Gangwon-do 270-701 , Republic of Korea
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital , Incheon Metropolitan City 404-834 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Liu D, Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph N, Al-Hawwas M, Zhou XF, Liao H. Small Molecules for Neural Stem Cell Induction. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:297-312. [PMID: 29343174 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from other somatic cells has provided great hopes for transplantation therapies. However, these cells still cannot be used for clinical application due to the low reprogramming and differentiation efficiency beside the risk of mutagenesis and tumor formation. Compared to iPSCs, induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) are easier to terminally differentiate into neural cells and safe; thus, iNSCs hold more opportunities than iPSCs to treat neural diseases. On the other hand, recent studies have showed that small molecules (SMs) can dramatically improve the efficiency of reprogramming and SMs alone can even convert one kind of somatic cells into another, which is much safer and more effective than transcription factor-based methods. In this study, we provide a review of SMs that are generally used in recent neural stem cell induction studies, and discuss the main mechanisms and pathways of each SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China .,2 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Austrralia , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Nimshitha Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph
- 2 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Austrralia , Adelaide, South Australia .,3 Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- 2 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Austrralia , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- 2 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Austrralia , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Hong Liao
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, China
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13
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Kahn M. Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: A Tale of Two Coactivators. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:209-244. [PMID: 29389517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling in stem cells plays critical roles in development, normal adult physiology, and disease. In this chapter, we focus on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in normal tissue homeostasis and cancer. Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and initiate differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based principally on studies from our lab, we will explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining stem cell fate decisions, placing special emphasis on the interaction of β-catenin with either of the two highly homologous Kat3 coactivator proteins, CBP and p300. We will also discuss our results, both preclinical and clinical, demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the β-catenin/Kat3 coactivator interaction can be safely utilized to shift the balance between maintenance of potency and initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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14
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Zhu Y, Zhang B, Gong A, Fu H, Zhang X, Shi H, Sun Y, Wu L, Pan Z, Mao F, Zhu W, Qian H, Xu W. Anti-cancer drug 3,3'-diindolylmethane activates Wnt4 signaling to enhance gastric cancer cell stemness and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16311-24. [PMID: 26918831 PMCID: PMC4941316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural health supplement, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is proposed as a preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. However, we found that in contrary to high level of DIM (30 μM), low level of DIM (1 μM and 10 μM) obviously promoted gastric cancer cell growth and migration. In addition, we found that low level of DIM increased the expression of stemness factors and enhanced the pluripotency of gastric cancer cells. Low level of DIM promoted gastric cancer progression by inducing the PORCN-dependent secretion of Wnt4 and the activation of β-catenin signaling. Wnt4 knockdown reversed the effects of low level of DIM on gastric cancer cells. The results of in vivo studies showed that gastric cancer cells treated with low level of DIM (1 μM) grew faster and expressed higher level of Wnt4 than control cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that low level of DIM activates autocrine Wnt4 signaling to enhance the progression of gastric cancer, which may suggest an adverse aspect of DIM in cancer therapy. Our findings will provide a new aspect for the safety of DIM in its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoji Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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15
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Steinhoff G, Nesteruk J, Wolfien M, Große J, Ruch U, Vasudevan P, Müller P. Stem cells and heart disease - Brake or accelerator? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:2-24. [PMID: 29054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of intensive research and attempts of clinical translation, stem cell based therapies for cardiac diseases are not getting closer to clinical success. This review tries to unravel the obstacles and focuses on underlying mechanisms as the target for regenerative therapies. At present, the principal outcome in clinical therapy does not reflect experimental evidence. It seems that the scientific obstacle is a lack of integration of knowledge from tissue repair and disease mechanisms. Recent insights from clinical trials delineate mechanisms of stem cell dysfunction and gene defects in repair mechanisms as cause of atherosclerosis and heart disease. These findings require a redirection of current practice of stem cell therapy and a reset using more detailed analysis of stem cell function interfering with disease mechanisms. To accelerate scientific development the authors suggest intensifying unified computational data analysis and shared data knowledge by using open-access data platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinhoff
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Nesteruk
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Markus Wolfien
- University Rostock, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jana Große
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Ruch
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Paula Müller
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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16
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Chiang MY, Lin YZ, Chang SJ, Shyu WC, Lu HE, Chen SY. Direct Reprogramming of Human Suspension Cells into Mesodermal Cell Lineages via Combined Magnetic Targeting and Photothermal Stimulation by Magnetic Graphene Oxide Complexes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700703. [PMID: 28665509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Suspension cells can provide a source of cells for cellular reprogramming, but they are difficult to transfect by nonviral vectors. An efficient and safe nonviral vector (GO-Fe3 O4 -PEI complexes) based on iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3 O4 )-decorated graphene oxide (GO) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) for the first time is developed for delivering three individual episomal plasmids (pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53, pCXLE-hSK, and pCXLE-hUL) encoding pluripotent-related factors of Oct3/4, shRNA against p53, Sox2, Klf4, L-Myc, and Lin28 into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) simultaneously. The combined treatment of magnetic stirring and near-infrared (NIR)-laser irradiation, which can promote contact between the complexes and floating cells and increase the cell membrane permeability, respectively, is used to conduct multiple physical stimulations for suspension PBMCs transfection. The PCR analysis shows that the combinatorial effect of magnetic targeting and photothermal stimulation obviously promoted the transfection efficiency of suspension cells. The transfected cells show positive expression of the pluripotency markers, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, and have potential to differentiate into mesoderm and ectoderm cells. The results demonstrate that the GO-Fe3 O4 -PEI complex provides a safe, convenient, and efficient tool for reprogramming PBMCs into partially induced pluripotent stem cells, which are able to rapidly transdifferentiate into mesodermal lineages without full reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Zhen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
- Translational Medicine Research Center and Department of Neurology, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Grixti JM, O'Hagan S, Day PJ, Kell DB. Enhancing Drug Efficacy and Therapeutic Index through Cheminformatics-Based Selection of Small Molecule Binary Weapons That Improve Transporter-Mediated Targeting: A Cytotoxicity System Based on Gemcitabine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28396636 PMCID: PMC5366350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of drug molecules is mainly determined by the distribution of influx and efflux transporters for which they are substrates. To enable tissue targeting, we sought to develop the idea that we might affect the transporter-mediated disposition of small-molecule drugs via the addition of a second small molecule that of itself had no inhibitory pharmacological effect but that influenced the expression of transporters for the primary drug. We refer to this as a “binary weapon” strategy. The experimental system tested the ability of a molecule that on its own had no cytotoxic effect to increase the toxicity of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine to Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells. An initial phenotypic screen of a 500-member polar drug (fragment) library yielded three “hits.” The structures of 20 of the other 2,000 members of this library suite had a Tanimoto similarity greater than 0.7 to those of the initial hits, and each was itself a hit (the cheminformatics thus providing for a massive enrichment). We chose the top six representatives for further study. They fell into three clusters whose members bore reasonable structural similarities to each other (two were in fact isomers), lending strength to the self-consistency of both our conceptual and experimental strategies. Existing literature had suggested that indole-3-carbinol might play a similar role to that of our fragments, but in our hands it was without effect; nor was it structurally similar to any of our hits. As there was no evidence that the fragments could affect toxicity directly, we looked for effects on transporter transcript levels. In our hands, only the ENT1-3 uptake and ABCC2,3,4,5, and 10 efflux transporters displayed measurable transcripts in Panc1 cultures, along with a ribonucleoside reductase RRM1 known to affect gemcitabine toxicity. Very strikingly, the addition of gemcitabine alone increased the expression of the transcript for ABCC2 (MRP2) by more than 12-fold, and that of RRM1 by more than fourfold, and each of the fragment “hits” served to reverse this. However, an inhibitor of ABCC2 was without significant effect, implying that RRM1 was possibly the more significant player. These effects were somewhat selective for Panc cells. It seems, therefore, that while the effects we measured were here mediated more by efflux than influx transporters, and potentially by other means, the binary weapon idea is hereby fully confirmed: it is indeed possible to find molecules that manipulate the expression of transporters that are involved in the bioactivity of a pharmaceutical drug. This opens up an entirely new area, that of chemical genomics-based drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Grixti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Steve O'Hagan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Philip J Day
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
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18
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Park JS, Yi SW, Kim HJ, Kim SM, Park KH. Regulation of Cell Signaling Factors Using PLGA Nanoparticles Coated/Loaded with Genes and Proteins for Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30387-30397. [PMID: 27792311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfection of specific genes and transportation of proteins into cells have been a focus of stem cell differentiation research. However, it is not easy to regulate codelivery of a gene and a protein into cells. For codelivery into undifferentiated cells (human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)), we used biodegradable carriers loaded with Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein and coated with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plasmid DNA (pDNA) to induce osteogenesis. The released gene and protein were first localized in the cytosol of transfected hMSCs, and the gene then moved into the nucleus. The levels of internalized PLGA nanoparticles were tested using different doses and incubation durations. Then, transfection of BMP2 pDNA was confirmed by determining mRNA and protein levels and acquiring cell images. The same techniques were used to assess osteogenesis of hMSCs both in vitro and in vivo upon internalization of PLGA NPs carrying the BMP2 gene and RUNX2 protein. Detection of specific genes and proteins demonstrated that cells transfected with PLGA NPs carrying both the BMP2 gene and RUNX2 protein were highly differentiated compared with other samples. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that transfection of PLGA nanoparticles carrying both the BMP2 gene and RUNX2 protein dramatically enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-400, Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-400, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-400, Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-400, Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University , 6F CHA Bio-complex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-400, Korea
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19
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Wei T, Jia W, Qian Z, Zhao L, Yu Y, Li L, Wang C, Zhang W, Liu Q, Yang D, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang K, Duan T, Kang J. Folic Acid Supports Pluripotency and Reprogramming by Regulating LIF/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:49-59. [PMID: 27676194 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells act as an excellent cell source for disease therapy because of its specific characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Pluripotent stem cells are heterogeneous, consisting of naive stem cells as well as primed epiblast stem cells. However, the strategies and mechanisms of maintaining naive pluripotent stem cells remain unclear. In this study, we found that folic acid (FA) sustained mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency and enabled long-term maintenance of the naive state of ESCs under CHIR99021 conditions. Mechanistic experiments showed that STAT3 pathway partially mediated the effect of FA after which the interaction between STAT3 and importin α5 was enhanced. Meanwhile, MEK/ERK signaling also acted downstream of FA in maintaining ESC pluripotency. Furthermore, FA significantly promoted mouse somatic cell reprogramming. Overall, our study identified an effective chemical condition for maintaining homogeneous ESCs and highlighted the important roles of LIF/STAT3 and MEK/ERK signaling in naive ESC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Wei
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyuan Zhao
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Li
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- 3 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Duan
- 3 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- 1 Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Izgi K, Canatan H, Iskender B. Current status in cancer cell reprogramming and its clinical implications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:371-383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Uchugonova A, Breunig HG, Batista A, König K. Optical reprogramming of human cells in an ultrashort femtosecond laser microfluidic transfection platform. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:942-7. [PMID: 26530487 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell) technology can be used to produce unlimited numbers of functional cells for both research and therapeutic purposes without ethical controversy. Typically, viruses are applied for efficient intracellular delivery of genes/transcription factors to generate iPS cells. However, the viral genomic integration may cause a risk of mutation as well as tumor formation therefore limits its clinical application. Here we demonstrate that spatially shaped extreme ultrashort laser pulses of sub-20 femtoseconds induce transient membrane permeabilisation which enables contamination-free transfection of cells in a microfluidic tube with multiple genes at the individual cell level in order to achieve optical reprogramming of large cell populations. We found that the ultrashort femtosecond laser-microfluidic cell transfection platform enhanced the efficacy of iPS-like colony-forming following merely a single transfection. Illustration of the spatially shaped femtosecond laser-assisted microfluidic cell transfection platform for production of iPS cell colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisada Uchugonova
- Saarland University, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- JenLab GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hans Georg Breunig
- Saarland University, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- JenLab GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Batista
- Saarland University, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten König
- Saarland University, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- JenLab GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, 07745, Jena, Germany
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22
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Zheng J, Choi KA, Kang PJ, Hyeon S, Kwon S, Moon JH, Hwang I, Kim YI, Kim YS, Yoon BS, Park G, Lee J, Hong S, You S. A combination of small molecules directly reprograms mouse fibroblasts into neural stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Deng XY, Wang H, Wang T, Fang XT, Zou LL, Li ZY, Liu CB. Non-viral methods for generating integration-free, induced pluripotent stem cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 10:153-8. [PMID: 25248676 PMCID: PMC4460285 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140923101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were created from mouse fibroblasts by induced expression
of Yamanaka factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. This technique has quickly resulted in an exponential
increase in the amount of pluripotency studies, and has provided a valuable tool in regenerative medicine. At
the same time, many methodologies to generate iPS cells have been reported, and are comprised mainly of
viral methods and non-viral methods. Although viral methods may not be applicable for clinical applications, various nonviral
methods have been reported in recent years, including DNA vector-based approaches, transfection of mRNA, transduction
of reprogramming proteins, and use of small molecule compounds. This review summarizes and evaluates these
non-viral methods.
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Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells in a Parkinsonian Model Exerts Neuroprotection via Regulation of the Host Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26473-92. [PMID: 26556344 PMCID: PMC4661825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and consequent dopamine (DA) deficit, and current treatment still remains a challenge. Although neural stem cells (NSCs) have been evaluated as appealing graft sources, mechanisms underlying the beneficial phenomena are not well understood. Here, we investigate whether human NSCs (hNSCs) transplantation could provide neuroprotection against DA depletion by recruiting endogenous cells to establish a favorable niche. Adult mice subjected to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were transplanted with hNSCs or vehicle into the striatum. Behavioral and histological analyses demonstrated significant neurorescue response observed in hNSCs-treated animals compared with the control mice. In transplanted animals, grafted cells survived, proliferated, and migrated within the astrocytic scaffold. Notably, more local astrocytes underwent de-differentiation, acquiring the properties of NSCs or neural precursor cells (NPCs) in mice given hNSCs. Additionally, we also detected significantly higher expression of host-derived growth factors in hNSCs-transplanted mice compared with the control animals, together with inhibition of local microglia and proinflammatory cytokines. Overall, our results indicate that hNSCs transplantation exerts neuroprotection in MPTP-insulted mice via regulating the host niche. Harnessing synergistic interaction between the grafts and host cells may help optimize cell-based therapies for PD.
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Mirakhori F, Zeynali B, Rassouli H, Shahbazi E, Hashemizadeh S, Kiani S, Salekdeh GH, Baharvand H. Induction of Neural Progenitor-Like Cells from Human Fibroblasts via a Genetic Material-Free Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135479. [PMID: 26266943 PMCID: PMC4534403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies generated induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) from human fibroblasts by viral delivering defined transcription factors. However, the potential risks associated with gene delivery systems have limited their clinical use. We propose it would be safer to induce neural progenitor-like cells from human adult fibroblasts via a direct non-genetic alternative approach. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we have reported that seven rounds of TAT-SOX2 protein transduction in a defined chemical cocktail under a 3D sphere culture gradually morphed fibroblasts into neuroepithelial-like colonies. We were able to expand these cells for up to 20 passages. These cells could give rise to cells that expressed neurons and glia cell markers both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions/Significance These results show that our approach is beneficial for the genetic material-free generation of iNPCs from human fibroblasts where small chemical molecules can provide a valuable, viable strategy to boost and improve induction in a 3D sphere culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mirakhori
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zeynali
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rassouli
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahbazi
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Hashemizadeh
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Hong J, Lee EA, Lee ES, Jung G, Jeong H, Lee H, Lee H, Hwang NS. Induced myogenic commitment of human chondrocytes via non-viral delivery of minicircle DNA. J Control Release 2015; 200:212-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Li M, Li L, Zhang J, Verma V, Liu Q, Shi D, Huang B. An Insight on Small Molecule Induced Foot-Print Free Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells in Livestock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2015.51001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dai Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu Q, Yang Y, Li S, Guo X, Lian R, Yu R, Liu H, Chen J. Non-genetic direct reprogramming and biomimetic platforms in a preliminary study for adipose-derived stem cells into corneal endothelia-like cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109856. [PMID: 25333522 PMCID: PMC4198143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate and function can be regulated and reprogrammed by intrinsic genetic program, extrinsic factors and niche microenvironment. Direct reprogramming has shown many advantages in the field of cellular reprogramming. Here we tried the possibility to generate corneal endothelia (CE) -like cells from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by the non-genetic direct reprogramming of recombinant cell-penetrating proteins Oct4/Klf4/Sox2 (PTD-OKS) and small molecules (purmorphamine, RG108 and other reprogramming chemical reagents), as well as biomimetic platforms of simulate microgravity (SMG) bioreactor. Co-cultured with corneal cells and decellularized corneal ECM, Reprogrammed ADSCs revealed spherical growth and positively expressing Nanog for RT-PCR analysis and CD34 for immunofluorescence staining after 7 days-treatment of both purmorphamine and PTD-OKS (P-OKS) and in SMG culture. ADSCs changed to CEC polygonal morphology from spindle shape after the sequential non-genetic direct reprogramming and biomimetic platforms. At the same time, induced cells converted to weakly express CD31, AQP-1 and ZO-1. These findings demonstrated that the treatments were able to promote the stem-cell reprogramming for human ADSCs. Our study also indicates for the first time that SMG rotary cell culture system can be used as a non-genetic means to promote direct reprogramming. Our methods of reprogramming provide an alternative strategy for engineering patient-specific multipotent cells for cellular plasticity research and future autologous CEC replacement therapy that avoids complications associated with the use of human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiling Lian
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjie Yu
- Bioengineering Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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MicroRNA modulation induced by AICA ribonucleotide in J1 mouse ES cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103724. [PMID: 25078608 PMCID: PMC4117590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ES cells can propagate indefinitely, maintain self-renewal, and differentiate into almost any cell type of the body. These properties make them valuable in the research of embryonic development, regenerative medicine, and organ transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to have essential functions in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ES cells). It was reported that, strong external stimuli, such as a transient low-pH and hypoxia stress, were conducive to the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). AICA ribonucleotide (AICAR) is an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, which can let cells in the state of energy stress. We have demonstrated that AICAR can maintain the pluripotency of J1 mouse ES cells through modulating protein expression in our previous research, but its effects on ES cell miRNA expression remain unknown. In this study, we conducted small RNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate AICAR influence on J1 mouse ES cells by comparing the miRNA expression patterns of the AICAR-treated cells and those without treatment. The result showed that AICAR can significantly modulate the expression of multiple miRNAs, including those have crucial functions in ES cell development. Some differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and confirmed by real-time PCR. For the differently expressed miRNAs identified, further study was conducted regarding the pluripotency and differentiation associated miRNAs with their targets. Moreover, miR-134 was significantly down-regulated after AICAR treatment, and this was suggested to be directly associated with the up-regulated pluripotency markers, Nanog and Sox2. Lastly, Myc was significantly down-regulated after AICAR treatment; therefore, we predicted miRNAs that may target Myc and identified that AICAR induced up-regulation of miR-34a, 34b, and 34c can repress Myc expression in J1 mouse ES cells. Taken together, our study provide a new mechanism for AICAR in ES cells pluripotency maintenance and give insight for its usage in iPS cells generation.
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