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Reis F, Fernandes R. Molecular Pharmacology in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3051. [PMID: 38474296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue highlights the key molecules and molecular signaling pathways associated with diabetes and its multifaceted complications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Glycosphingolipids in Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention in Experimental Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315442. [PMID: 36499769 PMCID: PMC9735750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to about 30% morbidity and mortality world-wide and has tidal wave increases in several countries in Asia. Diabetes is a multi-factorial disease compounded by inflammation, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and is sometimes accompanied with gains in body weight. Sphingolipid pathways that interplay in the enhancement of the pathology of this disease may be potential therapeutic targets. Thus, the application of advanced sphingolipidomics may help predict the progression of this disease and therapeutic outcomes in man. Pre-clinical studies using various experimental animal models of diabetes provide valuable information on the role of sphingolipid signaling networks in diabetes and the efficacy of drugs to determine the translatability of innovative discoveries to man. In this review, we discuss three major concepts regarding sphingolipids and diabetes. First, we discuss a possible involvement of a monosialodihexosylceramide (GM3) in insulin-insulin receptor interactions. Second, a potential role for ceramide (Cer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) in apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed. Third, a larger role of LacCer in antioxidant status and inflammation is discussed. We also discuss how inhibitors of glycosphingolipid synthesis can ameliorate diabetes in experimental animal models.
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Chen Q, Guo C, Zhou X, Su Y, Guo H, Cao M, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Gao X, Mi S, Chen D. N-acetylneuraminic acid and chondroitin sulfate modified nanomicelles with ROS-sensitive H 2S donor via targeting E-selectin receptor and CD44 receptor for the efficient therapy of atherosclerosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:259-270. [PMID: 35513096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, very limited therapeutic approaches are available for the drug treatment of atherosclerosis(AS). H2S-donor is becoming a common trend in much life-threatening research. Several studies have documented that H2S-lyase is predominantly present in endothelial cells. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (SA), natural carbohydrate, binds specifically to the E-selectin receptor of endothelial cells. Meanwhile, recent studies related to Chondroitin sulfate have excellent target binding ability with CD44 receptor. We conjecture that the N-Acetylneuraminic acid and Chondroitin sulfate modified nanomicelles not only enhances the accumulation of the drug but also cleaves the H2S donor in the lesion, thus one stone two birds. Given these findings, we synthesized two kinds of nanoparticles, Carrier I (SCCF) and Carrier II (SCTM), for atherosclerosis to validate our guesses. Initially, S-allyl-L-cysteine and 4-methoxyphenylthiourea were used as H2S donors for SCCF and SCTM, respectively. After the introduction of ROS-sensitive groups. Then, micelles with N-Acetylneuraminic acid and Chondroitin sulfate were prepared to load rapamycin(RAP). Further, in atherosclerosis Oil Red O staining (ORO) results confirmed remarkable treatment effect with SCCF@RAP and SCTM@RAP. Thus, we conclude that the effect of dual-targeting nanomicelles with ROS-sensitive H2S donor based on N-Acetylneuraminic acid and Chondroitin sulfate will have a better role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiudi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yanguo Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Shuqi Mi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Pan Q, Xu J, Wen CJ, Xiong YY, Gong ZT, Yang YJ. Nanoparticles: Promising Tools for the Treatment and Prevention of Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6719-6747. [PMID: 34621124 PMCID: PMC8491866 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s328723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several recent advances, current therapy and prevention strategies for myocardial infarction are far from satisfactory, owing to limitations in their applicability and treatment effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) enable the targeted and stable delivery of therapeutic compounds, enhance tissue engineering processes, and regulate the behaviour of transplants such as stem cells. Thus, NPs may be more effective than other mechanisms, and may minimize potential adverse effects. This review provides evidence for the view that function-oriented systems are more practical than traditional material-based systems; it also summarizes the latest advances in NP-based strategies for the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cen-Jin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Li Z, Zhang L, Liu D, Wang C. Ceramide glycosylation and related enzymes in cancer signaling and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111565. [PMID: 33887691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, the core of the sphingolipid metabolism, draw wide attention as tumor suppressor, and act directly on mitochondria to trigger apoptotic cell death. Ceramide-based therapies are being developed by using promote ceramide generating agents. The ceramide metabolism balance is regulated by multifaceted factors in cancer development. Ceramide metabolic enzymes can increase the elimination of ceramide and counteract the anti-tumor effects of ceramide. However, recent research showed that these metabolic enzymes were highly expressed in several cancers. Especially ceramide glycosyltransferases, they catalyze ceramide glycosylation and synthesis the skeleton of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), play an important role in regulating tumor progression and have a significant correlation with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. To further understand the biological characteristics of ceramide metabolism in tumor, this review focuses on the role of ceramide glycosylation and related enzymes in cancer signaling and therapy. Besides, the research on multidrug resistance and potential inhibitors of ceramide glycosyltransferases are also discussed. Advance study on the structure of ceramide glycosyltransferases and ceramide glycosylation signaling pathway will open the path to new therapies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Marques ARA, Ramos C, Machado-Oliveira G, Vieira OV. Lysosome (Dys)function in Atherosclerosis-A Big Weight on the Shoulders of a Small Organelle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658995. [PMID: 33855029 PMCID: PMC8039146 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive insidious chronic disease that underlies most of the cardiovascular pathologies, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. The malfunctioning of the lysosomal compartment has a central role in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lysosomes are the degradative organelles of mammalian cells and process endogenous and exogenous substrates in a very efficient manner. Dysfunction of these organelles and consequent inefficient degradation of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions have, therefore, numerous deleterious consequences for cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Lysosome dysfunction has been mostly studied in the context of the inherited lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). However, over the last years it has become increasingly evident that the consequences of this phenomenon are more far-reaching, also influencing the progression of multiple acquired human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). During the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, the lysosomal compartment of the various cells constituting the arterial wall is under severe stress, due to the tremendous amounts of lipoproteins being processed by these cells. The uncontrolled uptake of modified lipoproteins by arterial phagocytic cells, namely macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is the initial step that triggers the pathogenic cascade culminating in the formation of atheroma. These cells become pathogenic "foam cells," which are characterized by dysfunctional lipid-laden lysosomes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the origin and impact of the malfunctioning of the lysosomal compartment in plaque cells. We further analyze how the field of LSD research may contribute with some insights to the study of CVDs, particularly how therapeutic approaches that target the lysosomes in LSDs could be applied to hamper atherosclerosis progression and associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Marques
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Ramos
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília V Vieira
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Chen J, Zhang X, Millican R, Sherwood J, Martin S, Jo H, Yoon YS, Brott BC, Jun HW. Recent advances in nanomaterials for therapy and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:142-199. [PMID: 33428994 PMCID: PMC7981266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Researchers have strived to design nanomaterials of various functions, ranging from non-invasive imaging contrast agents, targeted therapeutic delivery systems to multifunctional nanoagents able to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent progress (2017-now) in the development of nanomaterials and their applications to improve atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy during the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Sean Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brigitta C Brott
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Myriocin and d-PDMP ameliorate atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via reducing lipid uptake and vascular inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:439-458. [PMID: 32091078 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis. The commonly used sphingolipid inhibitors, myriocin (a ceramide inhibitor) and d-PDMP (d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, a glycosphingolipid inhibitor), have shown therapeutic potential but their efficacy and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with a control, myriocin, d-PDMP, or atorvastatin for 12 weeks. We analyzed the effects of these drugs on the size and detailed composition of atherosclerotic plaques. Molecular biological approaches were used to explore how the inhibitors affect lipid metabolism and foam-cell formation. Treatment with myriocin or d-PDMP led to smaller and less vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and was almost as effective as atorvastatin. Sphingolipid inhibitors down-regulated the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor chemoattractant cytokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which play a key role in monocyte recruitment. They also decreased pro-inflammatory Ly-6chigh monocytes and influenced the uptake of modified LDL by down-regulating the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and lectin-like oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1). The inhibitors exhibited the advantage of maintaining normal glucose homeostasis compared with atorvastatin. These findings reveal for the first time that the modulation of sphingolipid synthesis can effectively alleviate atherosclerosis progression by preventing lipid uptake and reducing inflammatory responses in the arterial walls.
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Wasserman AH, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Wasserman
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Chatterjee S, Zheng L, Ma S, Bedja D, Bandaru VVR, Kim G, Rangecroft AB, Iocco D, Campbell SA. Management of metabolic syndrome and reduction in body weight in type II diabetic mice by inhibiting glycosphingolipid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:455-461. [PMID: 32107002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is defined by hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular complications. We have examined whether inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis can interfere with metabolic syndrome in a male mouse model of type II diabetes (db/db). The db/db and control mice (C57/BL6) (n = 6) fed chow for 30 weeks received vehicle (5% Tween-80 in PBS; 100 μl), or a biopolymer-encapsulated D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (BPD) glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor daily via oral gavage for 6 weeks. Echocardiography revealed increased Ao-IMT in db/db mice compared to control. However, BPD decreased Ao-IMT, monohexosylceramide and dihexosylceramide, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, and raised HDL levels in db/db mice. This was due to increased gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase, LDLr, SREBP2, and bile acids: Cy7-a hydroxylase, LXR and FXR, lipoprotein lipase, VLDL receptor and PPAR. Treatment also increased the expression of superoxide dismutase-II to reduce the pro-oxidant status in these mice. We observed that decreased cholesterol levels correlated with decreased cholesterol sensing proteins e.g. NPC1 gene/protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC-1) and reduced body weight. Thus, glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibition is a novel approach to manage metabolic syndrome and reduce body weight in diabetic mice and with potential applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subroto Chatterjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Lucy Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Department of Defense, 8228 Scully Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Veera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
- Department of Defense, 8228 Scully Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Grace Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alexa B Rangecroft
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Domenica Iocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sean A Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Cain C, Salloum FN, Li P. Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell-specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide-mediated vasculopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:539-553. [PMID: 31743567 PMCID: PMC6933411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)-derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg /SMcre mice with SMC-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg /SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg /SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co-localization of lysosome marker (Lamp-1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome-MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg /SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg /SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome-MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi -treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Fadi N. Salloum
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Pin‐Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
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14
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Potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis in sphingolipid metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:763-776. [PMID: 30890654 PMCID: PMC6422862 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelins, ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1P) are a large group of structurally and functionally diverse molecules. Some specific species are found associated with atherogenesis and provide novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we briefly review how sphingolipids are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis and related diseases, and then we discuss the potential therapy options by targetting several key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism.
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15
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Mitsnefes MM, Fitzpatrick J, Sozio SM, Jaar BG, Estrella MM, Monroy-Trujillo JM, Zhang W, Setchell K, Parekh RS. Plasma glucosylceramides and cardiovascular risk in incident hemodialysis patients. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1513-1522.e4. [PMID: 30143433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent population-based studies identified plasma sphingolipids as independent predictors of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of sphingolipids on CVD outcomes in patients on dialysis, who suffer from higher risk of these conditions, is important for risk assessment and treatment. OBJECTIVE To measure plasma sphingolipid levels and determine their associations with CVD in adults initiating maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS To evaluate associations of plasma sphingolipids with intermediate cardiovascular outcomes (hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and decreased ejection fraction), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, we measured plasma levels of ceramides, glucosylceramides, and lactosylceramides from the family of sphingolipids in 368 incident hemodialysis patients enrolled in the Predictors of Arrhythmic and Cardiovascular Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease study. RESULTS Glucosylceramide C16GC (per 1 log μM increase) was associated with higher odds of having uncontrolled hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34; 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.01-1.76), left ventricular hypertrophy (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11-2.13), and reduced ejection fraction (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.11) in fully adjusted models. During a median 2.5 years of follow-up, there were 78 deaths from all causes, of which 33 were from CVD. Mortality was higher among those in the highest tertile of C16GC for all causes (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.02-3.22) and CVD (HR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08-6.55). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that abnormal glycosphingolipid metabolism might contribute to increased CVD risk in end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Mitsnefes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Jessica Fitzpatrick
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Sozio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernard G Jaar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Nephrology Center of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle M Estrella
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Wujuan Zhang
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Setchell
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis reverses skin inflammation and hair loss in ApoE-/- mice fed western diet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11463. [PMID: 30061606 PMCID: PMC6065400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been accorded numerous biological functions however, the effects of feeding a western diet (diet rich in cholesterol and fat) on skin phenotypes, and color is not known. Here, we observed that chronic high-fat and high-cholesterol diet intake in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (ApoE-/-) decreases the level of ceramides and glucosylceramide. At the expense of increased levels of lactosylceramide due to an increase in the expression of lactosylceramide synthase (GalT-V). This is accompanied with neutrophil infiltration into dermis, and enrichment of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) protein. This causes skin inflammation, hair discoloration and loss, in ApoE-/- mice. Conversely, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis, by D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), unbound or encapsulated in a biodegradable polymer (BPD) reversed these phenotypes. Thus, inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis represents a unique therapeutic approach relevant to human skin and hair Biology.
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17
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Yang S, Chatterjee S, Cipollo J. The Glycoproteomics-MS for Studying Glycosylation in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700075. [PMID: 29424483 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With recent advancements of analytical techniques and mass spectrometric instrumentations, proteomics has been widely exploited to study the regulation of protein expression associated with disease states. Many proteins may undergo abnormal change in response to the stimulants, leading to regulation of posttranslationally modified proteins. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of protein glycosylation in cardiac hypertrophy is discussed, and how the signal pathways regulate heart function and leading to heart failure. The analytical methods for analysis of protein glycosylation, including glycans, glycosite, occupancy, and heterogeneity is emphasized. The rationale on glycoproteins as disease biomarkers is also discussed. The authors also propose potential research in this field and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Subroto Chatterjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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18
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The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050754. [PMID: 29738480 PMCID: PMC5978131 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents. In fact, roughly 60% of articles from an initial search for this review included examples of imaging applications of nanoparticles. Thus, this review focuses on experimental therapy interventions applied to and observed in animal models. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoparticle materials and properties allow researchers to learn a great deal about atherosclerosis. The objective of this review was to provide an update for nanoparticle use in imaging and drug delivery studies and to illustrate how nanoparticles can be used for sensing and modelling, for studying fundamental biological mechanisms, and for the delivery of biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and even cells all with the goal of attenuating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the various atherosclerosis processes targeted mainly for imaging studies have been summarized in the hopes of inspiring new and exciting targeted therapeutic and/or imaging strategies.
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19
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Cai L, Gu Z, Zhong J, Wen D, Chen G, He L, Wu J, Gu Z. Advances in glycosylation-mediated cancer-targeted drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1126-1138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Chan CKW, Zhang L, Cheng CK, Yang H, Huang Y, Tian XY, Choi CHJ. Recent Advances in Managing Atherosclerosis via Nanomedicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702793. [PMID: 29239134 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, driven by chronic inflammation of the arteries and lipid accumulation on the blood vessel wall, underpins many cardiovascular diseases with high mortality rates globally, such as stroke and ischemic heart disease. Engineered bio-nanomaterials are now under active investigation as carriers of therapeutic and/or imaging agents to atherosclerotic plaques. This Review summarizes the latest bio-nanomaterial-based strategies for managing atherosclerosis published over the past five years, a period marked by a rapid surge in preclinical applications of bio-nanomaterials for imaging and/or treating atherosclerosis. To start, the biomarkers exploited by emerging bio-nanomaterials for targeting various components of atherosclerotic plaques are outlined. In addition, recent efforts to rationally design and screen for bio-nanomaterials with the optimal physicochemical properties for targeting plaques are presented. Moreover, the latest preclinical applications of bio-nanomaterials as carriers of imaging, therapeutic, or theranostic agents to atherosclerotic plaques are discussed. Finally, a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between bio-nanomaterials and the plaque ("athero-nano" interactions) is suggested, the opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of bio-nanomaterials for managing atherosclerosis are discussed, and recent clinical trials for atherosclerotic nanomedicines are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongrong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Abstract
The experimental approach to deplete cellular glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with the specific inhibitors of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis has the potential to identify functions of endogenous GSLs. Most GSLs are derived from glucosylceramide (GlcCer). D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP) inhibits GIcCer synthase and has been used extensively to study the biological functions of living cells. D-PDMP inhibits mTORC1 activity, which is independent of its inhibitory activity on GlcCer synthase. We also developed an analog of D-PDMP, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (D-PBPP) lacking the effect on mTORC1. Here, we summarize the effects of D-PDMP and D-PBPP on the metabolism of GSLs and cell growth.
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22
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Dou Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Chen Y, Guo J, Zhang D, Wang R, Li X, Zhang J. Non-proinflammatory and responsive nanoplatforms for targeted treatment of atherosclerosis. Biomaterials 2017; 143:93-108. [PMID: 28778000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of many fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whereas nanomedicines are promising for targeted therapy of atherosclerosis, great challenges remain in development of effective, safe, and translational nanotherapies for its treatment. Herein we hypothesize that non-proinflammatory nanomaterials sensitive to low pH or high reactive oxygen species (ROS) may serve as effective platforms for triggerable delivery of anti-atherosclerotic therapeutics in cellular and tissue microenvironments of inflammation. To demonstrate this hypothesis, an acid-labile material of acetalated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (Ac-bCD) and a ROS-sensitive β-CD material (Ox-bCD) were separately synthesized by chemical modification of β-CD, which were formed into responsive nanoparticles (NPs). Ac-bCD NP was rapidly hydrolyzed in mildly acidic buffers, while hydrolysis of Ox-bCD NP was selectively accelerated by H2O2. Using an anti-atherosclerotic drug rapamycin (RAP), we found stimuli-responsive release of therapeutic molecules from Ac-bCD and Ox-bCD nanotherapies. Compared with non-responsive poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based NP, Ac-bCD and Ox-bCD NPs showed negligible inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. By endocytosis in cells and intracellularly releasing cargo molecules in macrophages, responsive nanotherapies effectively inhibited macrophage proliferation and suppressed foam cell formation. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, fluorescence imaging showed accumulation of NPs in atherosclerotic plaques. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the lymphatic translocation mediated by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages may contribute to atherosclerosis targeting of i.p. administered NPs, in addition to targeting via the leaky blood vessels. Correspondingly, i.p. treatment with different nanotherapies afforded desirable efficacies. Particularly, both pH and ROS-responsive nanomedicines more remarkably delayed progression of atherosclerosis and significantly enhanced stability of atheromatous lesions, in comparison to non-responsive PLGA nanotherapy. Furthermore, responsive nanovehicles displayed good safety performance after long-term administration in mice. Consequently, for the first time our findings demonstrated the therapeutic advantages of nanomedicines responsive to mildly acidic or abnormally high ROS microenvironments for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yidan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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23
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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24
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Ode T, Podyma-Inoue KA, Terasawa K, Inokuchi JI, Kobayashi T, Watabe T, Izumi Y, Hara-Yokoyama M. PDMP, a ceramide analogue, acts as an inhibitor of mTORC1 by inducing its translocation from lysosome to endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:103-114. [PMID: 27865938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes is essential for its activation. The ceramide analogue 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), a well known glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, also affects the structures and functions of various organelles, including lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We investigated whether PDMP regulates the mTORC1 activity through its effects on organellar behavior. PDMP induced the translocation of mTORC1 from late endosomes/lysosomes, leading to the dissociation of mTORC1 from its activator Rheb in MC3T3-E1 cells. Surprisingly, we found mTORC1 translocation to the ER upon PDMP treatment. This effect of PDMP was independent of its action as the inhibitor, since two stereoisomers of PDMP, with and without the inhibitor activity, showed essentially the same effect. We confirmed that PDMP inhibits the mTORC1 activity based on the decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a downstream target of mTORC1, and the increase in LC3 puncta, reflecting autophagosome formation. Furthermore, PDMP inhibited the mTORC1-dependent osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Accordingly, the present results reveal a novel mechanism of PDMP, which inhibits the mTORC1 activity by inducing the translocation of mTOR from lysosomes to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ode
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katarzyna A Podyma-Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazue Terasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Hara-Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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