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Bao Q, Zhang X, Hao Z, Li Q, Wu F, Wang K, Li Y, Li W, Gao H. Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:268. [PMID: 39136800 PMCID: PMC11322514 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Bao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankun Hao
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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Kolahi Azar H, Hajian Monfared M, Seraji AA, Nazarnezhad S, Nasiri E, Zeinanloo N, Sherafati M, Sharifianjazi F, Rostami M, Beheshtizadeh N. Integration of polysaccharide electrospun nanofibers with microneedle arrays promotes wound regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128482. [PMID: 38042326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing electrospun nanofibers and microneedle arrays in wound regeneration has been practiced for several years. Researchers have recently asserted that using multiple methods concurrently might enhance efficiency, despite the inherent strengths and weaknesses of each individual approach. The combination of microneedle arrays with electrospun nanofibers has the potential to create a drug delivery system and wound healing method that offer improved efficiency and accuracy in targeting. The use of microneedles with nanofibers allows for precise administration of pharmaceuticals due to the microneedles' capacity to pierce the skin and the nanofibers' role as a drug reservoir, resulting in a progressive release of drugs over a certain period of time. Electrospun nanofibers have the ability to imitate the extracellular matrix and provide a framework for cellular growth and tissue rejuvenation, while microneedle arrays show potential for enhancing tissue regeneration and enhancing the efficacy of wound healing. The integration of electrospun nanofibers with microneedle arrays may be customized to effectively tackle particular obstacles in the fields of wound healing and drug delivery. However, some issues must be addressed before this paradigm may be fully integrated into clinical settings, including but not limited to ensuring the safety and sterilization of these products for transdermal use, optimizing manufacturing methods and characterization of developed products, larger-scale production, optimizing storage conditions, and evaluating the inclusion of multiple therapeutic and antimicrobial agents to increase the synergistic effects in the wound healing process. This research examines the combination of microneedle arrays with electrospun nanofibers to enhance the delivery of drugs and promote wound healing. It explores various kinds of microneedle arrays, the materials and processes used, and current developments in their integration with electrospun nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hajian Monfared
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Seraji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nazarnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Nasiri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Zeinanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sherafati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0171, Georgia
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Ashour MM, Mabrouk M, Aboelnasr MA, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Das DB. Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2635. [PMID: 38004612 PMCID: PMC10674714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion in the last thirty years, and it is recognized as a major health issue in modern society now with the possibility of serious social and economic consequences. By the year 2030, nearly 60% of the global population may be obese or overweight, which emphasizes a need for novel obesity treatments. Various traditional approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, have been utilized in clinical settings to treat obesity. However, these methods frequently show the possibility of side effects while remaining ineffective. There is, therefore, an urgent need for alternative obesity treatments with improved efficacy and specificity. Polymeric materials and chemical strategies are employed in emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance therapy effectiveness and specificity by stabilizing and controlling the release of active molecules such as natural ingredients. Designing DDSs is currently a top priority research objective with an eye towards creating obesity treatment approaches. In reality, the most recent trends in the literature demonstrate that there are not enough in-depth reviews that emphasize the current knowledge based on the creation and design of DDSs for obesity treatment. It is also observed in the existing literature that a complex interplay of different physical and chemical parameters must be considered carefully to determine the effectiveness of the DDSs, including microneedles, for obesity treatment. Additionally, it is observed that these properties depend on how the DDS is synthesized. Although many studies are at the animal-study stage, the use of more advanced DDS techniques would significantly enhance the development of safe and efficient treatment approaches for obese people in the future. Considering these, this review provides an overview of the current anti-obesity treatment approaches as well as the conventional anti-obesity therapeutics. The article aims to conduct an in-depth discussion on the current trends in obesity treatment approaches. Filling in this knowledge gap will lead to a greater understanding of the safest ways to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ashour
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Aboelnasr
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Khairy M. Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK
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Vora LK, Sabri AH, Naser Y, Himawan A, Hutton ARJ, Anjani QK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Mishra D, Li M, Rodgers AM, Paredes AJ, Larrañeta E, Thakur RRS, Donnelly RF. Long-acting microneedle formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115055. [PMID: 37597586 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The minimally-invasive and painless nature of microneedle (MN) application has enabled the technology to obviate many issues with injectable drug delivery. MNs not only administer therapeutics directly into the dermal and ocular space, but they can also control the release profile of the active compound over a desired period. To enable prolonged delivery of payloads, various MN types have been proposed and evaluated, including dissolving MNs, polymeric MNs loaded or coated with nanoparticles, fast-separable MNs hollow MNs, and hydrogel MNs. These intricate yet intelligent delivery platforms provide an attractive approach to decrease side effects and administration frequency, thus offer the potential to increase patient compliance. In this review, MN formulations that are loaded with various therapeutics for long-acting delivery to address the clinical needs of a myriad of diseases are discussed. We also highlight the design aspects, such as polymer selection and MN geometry, in addition to computational and mathematical modeling of MNs that are necessary to help streamline and develop MNs with high translational value and clinical impact. Finally, up-scale manufacturing and regulatory hurdles along with potential avenues that require further research to bring MN technology to the market are carefully considered. It is hoped that this review will provide insight to formulators and clinicians that the judicious selection of materials in tandem with refined design may offer an elegant approach to achieve sustained delivery of payloads through the simple and painless application of a MN patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Akmal H Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yara Naser
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mingshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Li P, Liu CH, Zhao YY, Cao DD, Chen BZ, Guo XD, Zhang W. Multifunctional Covalent Organic Framework-Based Microneedle Patch for Melanoma Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3846-3857. [PMID: 37475132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to develop a targeted, low-toxic, and minimally invasive treatment. Here, DTIC/ICG-Fe3O4@TpBD BSP/HA microneedles (MNs) were designed and fabricated, which can enhance targeting to melanoma and perform photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy simultaneously to synergistically exert anticancer effects. The system consisted of magnetic nanoparticles (DTIC/ICG-Fe3O4@TpBD), dissoluble matrix (Bletilla polysaccharide (BSP)/hyaluronic acid (HA)), and a polyvinyl alcohol backing layer. Due to the good magnetic responsiveness of Fe3O4@TpBD, dacarbazine (DTIC) and indocyanine green (ICG) can be better targeted to the tumor tissue and improve the therapeutic effect. BSP and HA have good biocompatibility and transdermal ability, so that the MNs can completely penetrate the tumor tissue, be dissolved by the interstitial fluid, and release DTIC and ICG. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, ICG converts light energy into thermal energy and induces ablation of B16-OVA melanoma cells. In vivo results showed that DTIC/ICG-Fe3O4@TpBD BSP/HA MNs combined with chemotherapy and PTT could effectively inhibit the growth of melanoma without tumor recurrence or significant weight loss in mice. Therefore, DTIC/ICG-Fe3O4@TpBD BSP/HA MNs are expected to provide new ideas and therapeutic approaches for the clinical treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chun Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Da Dong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- Institute for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
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Malek-Khatabi A, Sadat Razavi M, Abdollahi A, Rahimzadeghan M, Moammeri F, Sheikhi M, Tavakoli M, Rad-Malekshahi M, Faraji Rad Z. Recent progress in PLGA-based microneedle-mediated transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5390-5409. [PMID: 37387317 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have recently been found to have applications in drug, vitamin, protein and vaccine delivery. Polymeric MN arrays continue to attract increasing attention due to their capability to bypass the skin's stratum corneum (SC) barrier with minimal invasiveness. These carriers can achieve the targeted intradermal delivery of drugs and vaccines and improve their transdermal delivery level. As a nontoxic FDA-approved copolymer, polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Currently, PLGA-based MNs have a noticeable tendency to be utilized as a delivery system. This study focuses on the most recent advances in PLGA-based MNs. Both PLGA nanoparticle-based MNs and PLGA matrix-based MNs, created for the delivery of vaccines, drugs, proteins and other therapeutic agents, are discussed. The paper also discusses the various types of MNs and their potential applications. Finally, the prospects and challenges of PLGA-based MNs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Malek-Khatabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadat Razavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alyeh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimzadeghan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moammeri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
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Li Y, Bi D, Hu Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Leung WK. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles with Applications in Oral Diseases Management. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4805. [PMID: 37445119 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery in the oral cavity poses challenges such as bacterial contamination, saliva dilution, and inactivation by salivary enzymes upon ingestion. Microneedles offer a location-specific, minimally invasive, and retentive approach. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs) have emerged for dental diagnostics and therapeutics. HFMs penetrate the stratum corneum, undergo swelling upon contact, secure attachment, and enable sustained transdermal or transmucosal drug delivery. Commonly employed polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are crosslinked with tartaric acid or its derivatives while incorporating therapeutic agents. Microneedle patches provide suture-free and painless drug delivery to keratinized or non-keratinized mucosa, facilitating site-specific treatment and patient compliance. This review comprehensively discusses HFMs' applications in dentistry such as local anesthesia, oral ulcer management, periodontal treatment, etc., encompassing animal experiments, clinical trials, and their fundamental impact and limitations, for example, restricted drug carrying capacity and, until now, a low number of dental clinical trial reports. The review explores the advantages and future perspectives of HFMs for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duohang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ali M, Namjoshi S, Benson HAE, Mohammed Y, Kumeria T. Dissolvable polymer microneedles for drug delivery and diagnostics. J Control Release 2022; 347:561-589. [PMID: 35525331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissolvable transdermal microneedles (μND) are promising micro-devices used to transport a wide selection of active compounds into the skin. To provide an effective therapeutic outcome, μNDs must pierce the human stratum corneum (~10 to 20 μm), without rupturing or bending during penetration, then release their cargo at the predetermined area and time. The ability of dissolvable μND arrays/patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial requirement, which depends on the material composition, μND geometry and fabrication techniques. This comprehensive review not only provides contemporary knowledge on the μND design approaches, but also the materials science facilitating these delivery systems and the opportunities these advanced materials can provide to enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ali
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Sarika Namjoshi
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Heather A E Benson
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Basil Hetzel institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney. NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Wang P, Wang Y, Yi Y, Gong Y, Ji H, Gan Y, Xie F, Fan J, Wang X. MXenes-integrated microneedle combined with asiaticoside to penetrate the cuticle for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:259. [PMID: 35672708 PMCID: PMC9172054 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPatients with diabetic foot ulcers usually suffer from inefficient epithelisation and angiogenesis accompanied by chronic wound healing. Diabetic foot ulcers remain a major challenge in clinical medicine; however, traditional treatments are incapable of transdermal drug delivery, resulting in a low drug delivery rate. We report the development of Ti2C3 MXenes-integrated poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel microneedles to release asiaticoside (MN-MXenes-AS). Asiaticoside was loaded into PGA-MXenes hydrogel to facilitate cell proliferation while regulating angiogenesis. The characterisation and mechanical strength of the microneedles were investigated in vitro, and the wound-healing efficacy of the microneedles was confirmed in diabetic mice. MXenes significantly improved the mechanical strength of microneedles, while γ-PGA hydrogels provided a moist microenvironment for wound healing. Mice treated with MN-MXenes-AS demonstrated obvious improvements in wound healing process. We successfully fabricated an MXenes-integrated microneedle that possesses sufficient rigidity to penetrate the cuticle for subcutaneous drug delivery, thereby accelerating diabetic wound healing. We demonstrated that MN-MXenes-AS is effective in promoting growth both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our data show that MN-MXenes-AS accelerated the healing of diabetic foot ulcers, supporting the use of these microneedles in the treatment of chronic wounds.
Graphical Abstract
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Shan Y, Tan B, Zhang M, Xie X, Liao J. Restorative biodegradable two-layered hybrid microneedles for melanoma photothermal/chemo co-therapy and wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:238. [PMID: 35590414 PMCID: PMC9118597 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor killing and wound healing are two complementary and influential processes during the treatment of melanoma. Herein, a two-layered microneedle platform was developed with bifunctional effect of chemo-photothermal synergistic melanoma therapy and skin regeneration. The bifunctional platform composed of embeddable curcumin nanodrugs/new Indocyanine Green/hyaluronic acid (Cur NDs/IR820/HA) microneedles and sodium alginate/gelatin/hyaluronic acid (SA/Ge/HA) supporting backing layer was prepared through a two-step casting process. With uniform incorporation of curcumin nanodrugs and IR820, the microneedles exhibited excellent photothermal performance under external near-infrared (NIR) light stimulation and tumor co-therapy ability. Once the embeddable microneedles were inserted into skin, they would rapidly dissolve and activate drug release successfully for tumor treatment. Moreover, the SA/Ge/HA supporting backing layer was left behind to cover the wound and promote the proliferation of endothelial and fibroblasts cells for enhanced skin regeneration. The two-layered microneedles platform can simultaneously eliminate the tumor and accelerate wounding healing, which may be potentially employed as a competitive strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Chen Y, An Q, Teng K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Latest development and versatile applications of highly integrating drug delivery patch. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Gowda BHJ, Ahmed MG, Sahebkar A, Riadi Y, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Stimuli-Responsive Microneedles as a Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Demand-Supply Strategy. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1519-1544. [PMID: 35274937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are one of the most prominent approaches capable of physically disrupting the stratum corneum without devastating the deeper tissues to deliver both small molecules and macromolecules into the viable epidermis/dermis for local/systemic effects. Over the past two decades, microneedles have caught the attention of many researchers because of their outstanding advantages over oral and parenteral drug delivery systems such as self-administration, pain-free, steady-plasma concentration maintenance, avoidance of first-pass hepatic biotransformation, and so on. So far, scientists have reported various types of microneedle patches to deliver the loaded therapeutics as soon as the microneedles are inserted into the skin, regardless of the demand for therapeutics to treat a specific condition. This way of drug delivery can lead to potential risks such as poor therapeutic efficacy or drug overdose. The stimuli-responsive microneedles are the most predominant tool to achieve the on-demand/need-based drug delivery, leading to safe and effective treatment. Various natural and synthetic polymers that can undergo significant transitions such as swelling, shrinking, dissolution, or disintegration play a pivotal role in the development of stimuli-responsive microneedles. The current Review provides brief information about the history, emergence, type, and working principles of microneedles. Furthermore, it selectively discusses various exogenous and endogenous stimuli-responsive microneedles along with their mechanism of action involved in treating different disease conditions. Collaterally, the emergence of "closed-loop" combinatorial stimuli-responsive microneedle patches for precise delivery of therapeutics is meticulously canvassed. Subsequently, it covers the patents of different stimuli-responsive microneedles and further highlights the existing challenges and future perspectives concerning clinical application and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1696700, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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13
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Li Z, Fang X, Yu D. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Use in Obesity Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12754. [PMID: 34884558 PMCID: PMC8657870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has recently emerged as an effective alternative to oral and injection administration because of its less invasiveness, low rejection rate, and excellent ease of administration. TDD has made an important contribution to medical practice such as diabetes, hemorrhoids, arthritis, migraine, and schizophrenia treatment, but has yet to fully achieve its potential in the treatment of obesity. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and posed a significant threat to human health. Various approaches, including oral and injection administration have widely been used in clinical setting for obesity treatment. However, these traditional options remain ineffective and inconvenient, and carry risks of adverse effects. Therefore, alternative and advanced drug delivery strategies with higher efficacy and less toxicity such as TDD are urgently required for obesity treatment. This review summarizes current TDD technology, and the main anti-obesity drug delivery system. This review also provides insights into various anti-obesity drugs under study with a focus on the recent developments of TDD system for enhanced anti-obesity drug delivery. Although most of presented studies stay in animal stage, the application of TDD in anti-obesity drugs would have a significant impact on bringing safe and effective therapies to obese patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dahai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (X.F.)
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14
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Faraji Rad Z, Prewett PD, Davies GJ. High-resolution two-photon polymerization: the most versatile technique for the fabrication of microneedle arrays. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:71. [PMID: 34567783 PMCID: PMC8433298 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Microneedles are manufactured using a variety of additive and subtractive micromanufacturing techniques. In the last decade, much attention has been paid to using additive manufacturing techniques in both research and industry, such as 3D printing, fused deposition modeling, inkjet printing, and two-photon polymerization (2PP), with 2PP being the most flexible method for the fabrication of microneedle arrays. 2PP is one of the most versatile and precise additive manufacturing processes, which enables the fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) prototypes directly from computer-aided-design (CAD) models with a resolution down to 100 nm. Due to its unprecedented flexibility and high spatial resolution, the use of this technology has been widespread for the fabrication of bio-microdevices and bio-nanodevices such as microneedles and microfluidic devices. This is a pioneering transformative technology that facilitates the fabrication of complex miniaturized structures that cannot be fabricated with established multistep manufacturing methods such as injection molding, photolithography, and etching. Thus, microstructures are designed according to structural and fluid dynamics considerations rather than the manufacturing constraints imposed by methods such as machining or etching processes. This article presents the fundamentals of 2PP and the recent development of microneedle array fabrication through 2PP as a precise and unique method for the manufacture of microstructures, which may overcome the shortcomings of conventional manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300 Australia
| | - Philip D. Prewett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Oxacus Ltd, Dorchester-on-Thames, OX10 7HN UK
| | - Graham J. Davies
- Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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15
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Zhu DD, Zhang XP, Zhang BL, Hao YY, Guo XD. Safety Assessment of Microneedle Technology for Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yu Ying Hao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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16
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Implantable powder-carrying microneedles for transdermal delivery of high-dose insulin with enhanced activity. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Teng G, Zhang X, Zhang C, Chen L, Sun W, Qiu T, Zhang J. Lappaconitine trifluoroacetate contained polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes: Characterization, biological activities and transdermal application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110515. [PMID: 31924037 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lappaconitine (LA), a potent analgesic drug extracted from the root of natural aconitum species, has been clinically used for years because of its effectiveness and non-addictive properties. However, it is mainly limited in oral and intravenous administration in the form of Lappaconitine Hydrobromide (LAH). In this work, Lappaconitine trifluoroacetate (LAF), a new derivative of LA, was successfully obtained by introducing organofluorine group to LA. This new compound had a lower toxicity (LD50 of 21.14 mg·kg-1), improved analgesic effect and longer half-life (T1/2 of 2.24 h) when compared with LAH. Moreover, in vitro transdermal permeation (Jss of 206.82 μg·cm-2·h-1) of LAF was 30.54% higher than that of LAH, means that LAF can be conveniently used for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). Therefore, drug membranes with PVA solution (10 wt%) containing LAF in various amounts were fabricated by electrospinning. The in vitro release tests confirmed that up to 81.43% of LAF in the PVA/LAF nanofibrous membranes could be released in 72 h, accompanied by significant analgesic effect when compared with the blank control group. In conclusion, the prepared LAF-loaded membrane is a novel formulation for the treatment of chronic and long-term pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Teng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; The College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lele Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Ting Qiu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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18
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Yan L, Alba M, Tabassum N, Voelcker NH. Micro‐ and Nanosystems for Advanced Transdermal Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Maria Alba
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- The University of Central Punjab Johar Town Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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19
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Micro-Pillar Integrated Dissolving Microneedles for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080402. [PMID: 31405191 PMCID: PMC6724014 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissolving microneedle (DMN) patch is a transdermal delivery system, containing arrays of micro-sized polymeric needles capable of encapsulating therapeutic drugs within their matrix and releasing them into the skin. However, the elastic properties of the skin prevent DMNs from complete insertion and accurate delivery of encapsulated compounds into the skin. Moreover, the adhesive materials used in patches may cause skin irritation, inflammation, and redness. Therefore, we developed a patchless, micro-pillar integrated DMN (P-DMN) that is simple to fabricate and enhances transdermal drug delivery compared with traditional DMN patches. The micro-pillars were made of polymethyl methacrylate at a height of 300 μm and a base diameter of 500 μm. To fabricate P-DMNs, we employed hyaluronic acid, which is a widely used derma filler and plays a role in tissue re-epithelialization. We demonstrate that utilizing P-DMNs significantly improves the delivery efficiency of an encapsulated drug surrogate (91.83% ± 7.75%) compared with traditional DMNs (64.86% ± 8.17%). Interestingly, P-DMNs remarkably increase the skin penetration accuracy rate of encapsulated drugs, up to 97.78% ± 2.22%, compared with 44.44% ± 7.85% in traditional DMNs. Our findings suggest that P-DMNs could serve as a highly accurate and efficient platform for transdermal delivery of various types of micro- and macro-biomolecules.
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20
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Wang S, Zhu M, Zhao L, Kuang D, Kundu SC, Lu S. Insulin-Loaded Silk Fibroin Microneedles as Sustained Release System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1887-1894. [PMID: 33405562 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has widely been used in biomedical applications for its excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. Microneedles are a suitable method for transdermal drug delivery. In this work, we have prepared microneedles using silk fibroin as the main material and have added proline to change its crystal structure. The fabricated microneedles are nontoxic and degradable and show relatively slow drug release. Our results indicate that the fibroin/proline microneedles can act as carriers of insulin. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations show that the structure of proline-treated fibroin is transformed from random coils to β-sheets. A more regular arrangement is formed between the molecular segments. X-ray diffraction patterns show that proline has good compatibility with fibroin and induces the secondary conformation of the microneedles to a Silk I type structure. The needles have enough strength to pierce the stratum corneum of the skin. In vitro release experiments with insulin indicate that the release time from the microneedles is maintained up to 60 h. This system of delivery may provide a painless and effective route of insulin intake for the treatment of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingmei Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dajiang Kuang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark Barco, Taipas, Guimaraes 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Kahkoska AR, Wang J, Buse JB, Gu Z. Advances in transdermal insulin delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:51-70. [PMID: 30528729 PMCID: PMC6556146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels for people with type 1 diabetes and commonly used in advanced type 2 diabetes. Although subcutaneous insulin administration via hypodermic injection or pump-mediated infusion is the standard route of insulin delivery, it may be associated with pain, needle phobia, and decreased adherence, as well as the risk of infection. Therefore, transdermal insulin delivery has been widely investigated as an attractive alternative to subcutaneous approaches for diabetes management in recent years. Transdermal systems designed to prevent insulin degradation and offer controlled, sustained release of insulin may be desirable for patients and lead to increased adherence and glycemic outcomes. A challenge for transdermal insulin delivery is the inefficient passive insulin absorption through the skin due to the large molecular weight of the protein drug. In this review, we focus on the different transdermal insulin delivery techniques and their respective advantages and limitations, including chemical enhancers-promoted, electrically enhanced, mechanical force-triggered, and microneedle-assisted methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Li J, Zhou Y, Yang J, Ye R, Gao J, Ren L, Liu B, Liang L, Jiang L. Fabrication of gradient porous microneedle array by modified hot embossing for transdermal drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:576-582. [PMID: 30606567 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A gradient porous microneedle array (GPMA) is developed for transdermal drug delivery. A modified hot embossing approach is proposed to fabricate the GPMA from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) powders within a cavity array mold under the coupling combination of gradient thermal and pressure multi-fields. The porosity of the microneedles is a gradient, and the pores are mainly distributed in the tip region. The liquid drug formulation can directly be loaded in the pores of the microneedle tips by dipping. GPMA could penetrate into the rabbit skin without breakage and the penetration force per microneedle is approximately 22 mN. The GPMA can diffuse a dry model drug, namely Rhodamine B, in vitro in the rabbit skin dermis. The GPMA can also effectively deliver an insulin solution in vivo in diabetes rats, lowering the blood glucose levels. Above all, as a dry or liquid drug carrier and a minimally invasive injector, the GPMA offers an effective alternative for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Liang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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23
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Liu D, Yu B, Jiang G, Yu W, Zhang Y, Xu B. Fabrication of composite microneedles integrated with insulin-loaded CaCO3 microparticles and PVP for transdermal delivery in diabetic rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:180-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Guthrie KM, Rosen RK, Vargas SE, Guillen M, Steger AL, Getz ML, Smith KA, Ramirez JJ, Kojic EM. User input in iterative design for prevention product development: leveraging interdisciplinary methods to optimize effectiveness. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 7:761-770. [PMID: 28653286 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of HIV-preventive topical vaginal microbicides has been challenged by a lack of sufficient adherence in later stage clinical trials to confidently evaluate effectiveness. This dilemma has highlighted the need to integrate translational research earlier in the drug development process, essentially applying behavioral science to facilitate the advances of basic science with respect to the uptake and use of biomedical prevention technologies. In the last several years, there has been an increasing recognition that the user experience, specifically the sensory experience, as well as the role of meaning-making elicited by those sensations, may play a more substantive role than previously thought. Importantly, the role of the user-their sensory perceptions, their judgements of those experiences, and their willingness to use a product-is critical in product uptake and consistent use post-marketing, ultimately realizing gains in global public health. Specifically, a successful prevention product requires an efficacious drug, an efficient drug delivery system, and an effective user. We present an integrated iterative drug development and user experience evaluation method to illustrate how user-centered formulation design can be iterated from the early stages of preclinical development to leverage the user experience. Integrating the user and their product experiences into the formulation design process may help optimize both the efficiency of drug delivery and the effectiveness of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Guthrie
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Rochelle K Rosen
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Sara E Vargas
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Melissa Guillen
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Arielle L Steger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melissa L Getz
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Kelley A Smith
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Jaime J Ramirez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Erna M Kojic
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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25
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From nano to micro to macro: Electrospun hierarchically structured polymeric fibers for biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huh I, Kim S, Yang H, Jang M, Kang G, Jung H. Effects of two droplet-based dissolving microneedle manufacturing methods on the activity of encapsulated epidermal growth factor and ascorbic acid. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 114:285-292. [PMID: 29292017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedle (DMN) is an attractive, minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery technology. The drugs encapsulated in the DMNs are exposed to a series of thermal, chemical, and physical stresses during the fabrication process, decreasing their therapeutic activity. Current DMN fabrication methods, such as micro-molding, drawing lithography, droplet-born air blowing, and centrifugal lithography, undergo different manufacturing processes involving differing stress conditions. Among the methods, we compared the effects of two droplet-based methods, droplet-born air blowing and centrifugal lithography, on the activity of encapsulated drugs using epidermal growth factor and ascorbic acid as model drugs. Although the appearance and physical properties of DMNs fabricated by the two methods were similar, the immunoreactivity of encapsulated epidermal growth factor in centrifugal lithography and droplet-born air blowing was 92.08±2.86% and 80.67±8.00%, respectively, at baseline, and decreased to 75.32±19.40% and 41.75±16.17%, respectively, 24h after drug-loading. The free-radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid was maintained at 88.24±0.78% in DMNs fabricated by centrifugal lithography, but decreased over time to 67.02±1.11% in DMNs fabricated by droplet-born air blowing. These findings indicate that the manufacturing conditions of centrifugal lithography exert less stress on the drug-loaded DMNs, minimizing activity loss over time, and therefore that centrifugal lithography is suitable for fabricating DMNs loaded with fragile biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Huh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Huisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Juvic Inc., Building 102, Yonsei Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Juvic Inc., Building 102, Yonsei Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Leone M, Mönkäre J, Bouwstra JA, Kersten G. Dissolving Microneedle Patches for Dermal Vaccination. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2223-2240. [PMID: 28718050 PMCID: PMC5643353 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dermal route is an attractive route for vaccine delivery due to the easy skin accessibility and a dense network of immune cells in the skin. The development of microneedles is crucial to take advantage of the skin immunization and simultaneously to overcome problems related to vaccination by conventional needles (e.g. pain, needle-stick injuries or needle re-use). This review focuses on dissolving microneedles that after penetration into the skin dissolve releasing the encapsulated antigen. The microneedle patch fabrication techniques and their challenges are discussed as well as the microneedle characterization methods and antigen stability aspects. The immunogenicity of antigens formulated in dissolving microneedles are addressed. Finally, the early clinical development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leone
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Mönkäre
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - G Kersten
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Analytical Development and Formulation, Intravacc, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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28
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Wang M, Hu L, Xu C. Recent advances in the design of polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery and biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1373-1387. [PMID: 28352876 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are an efficient and minimally invasive approach to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of skin interstitial fluid. Compared to solid microneedles made of silicon, metals and ceramics, polymeric microneedles have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. They are easy to fabricate in large scale and can load drugs in high amounts. More importantly, polymers with different degradation profiles, swelling properties, and responses to biological/physical stimuli can be employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles with different mechanical properties and performance. This review provides a guideline for the selection of polymers and the corresponding fabrication methods for polymeric microneedles while summarizing their recent application in drug delivery and fluid extraction. It should be noted that although polymeric microneedles can achieve efficient transdermal delivery of drugs, their wide applications were limited by their unsatisfactory transdermal therapeutic efficiency. Delivery of nanomedicines that incorporate drugs into functional nanoparticles/capsules can address this problem and thus may be an interesting direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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29
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Juang YJ, Deng YL, Lee IC. Membrane filtration: An unconventional route for fabrication of the flexible and dissolvable, polymer microneedle patches. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:044108. [PMID: 27570573 PMCID: PMC4975748 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of dissolvable, polymer microneedles (MNs) for transdermal drug delivery offers many advantages such as being painless to patients, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and active and controlled drug release. There are many different approaches for fabrication of such MNs; however, most of them still suffer from tedious procedures, stringent fabrication conditions, expensive equipment, or substantially long processing time. In this work, we applied membrane filtration to fabricate dissolvable, polymer MNs. The polydimethylsiloxane mold having pyramidal wells with through holes was constructed and placed on top a filter membrane. The polymer solution was then dispensed on top of the mold, followed by turning on the vacuum for filtration. It was found that, when using 22% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution with molecular weight of 360 000 g/mol, the PVP MNs were obtained within 1 h, which is relatively short time compared to the conventional methods like casting in conjunction with vacuum or centrifugation. Moreover, the MNs as fabricated possessed the similar mechanical strength compared to those by conventional methods and were able to penetrate the rat ear skin with a high insertion ratio. The proposed technique provides an attractive alternative to fabricate dissolvable and flexible, polymer MNs with a simple setup and easy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Luen Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , No.1 University Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University , 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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30
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Stoddard RJ, Steger AL, Blakney AK, Woodrow KA. In pursuit of functional electrospun materials for clinical applications in humans. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:387-409. [PMID: 27250537 PMCID: PMC6077760 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a simple, low-cost and versatile approach to fabricate multifunctional materials useful in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Despite its emergence into other manufacturing sectors, electrospinning has not yet made a transformative impact in the clinic with a pharmaceutical product for use in humans. Why is this the current state of electrospun materials in biomedicine? Is it because electrospun materials are not yet capable of overcoming the biological safety and efficacy challenges needed in pharmaceutical products? Or, is it that technological advances in the electrospinning process are needed? This review investigates the current state of electrospun materials in medicine to identify both scientific and technological gaps that may limit clinical translation.
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Chen MC, Lin ZW, Ling MH. Near-Infrared Light-Activatable Microneedle System for Treating Superficial Tumors by Combination of Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:93-101. [PMID: 26592739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Because of the aggressive and recurrent nature of cancers, repeated and multimodal treatments are often necessary. Traditional cancer therapies have a risk of serious toxicity and side effects. Hence, it is crucial to develop an alternative treatment modality that is minimally invasive, effectively treats cancers with low toxicity, and can be repeated as required. We developed a light-activatable microneedle (MN) system that can repeatedly and simultaneously provide photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to superficial tumors and exert synergistic anticancer effects. This system consists of embeddable polycaprolactone MNs containing a photosensitive nanomaterial (lanthanum hexaboride) and an anticancer drug (doxorubicin; DOX), and a dissolvable poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinylpyrrolidone supporting array patch. Because of this supporting array, the MNs can be completely inserted into the skin and embedded within the target tissue for locoregional cancer treatment. When exposed to near-infrared light, the embedded MN array uniformly heats the target tissue to induce a large thermal ablation area and then melts at 50 °C to release DOX in a broad area, thus destroying tumors. This light-activated heating and releasing behavior can be precisely controlled and switched on and off on demand for several cycles. We demonstrated that the MN-mediated synergistic therapy completely eradicated 4T1 tumors within 1 week after a single application of the MN and three cycles of laser treatment. No tumor recurrence and no significant body weight loss of mice were observed. Thus, the developed light-activatable MN with a unique embeddable feature offers an effective, user-friendly, and low-toxicity option for patients requiring long-term and multiple cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan 70101
| | - Ming-Hung Ling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan 70101
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