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Vardin AP, Aksoy F, Yesiloz G. A Novel Acoustic Modulation of Oscillating Thin Elastic Membrane for Enhanced Streaming in Microfluidics and Nanoscale Liposome Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403463. [PMID: 39324290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized in therapeutic nanosystems as promising drug carriers for cancer treatment, which requires a meticulous synthesis approach to control the nanoprecipitation process. Acoustofluidic platforms offer a favorable synthesis environment by providing robust agitation and rapid mixing. Here, a novel high-throughput acoustofluidic micromixer is presented for a solvent and solvent-free synthesis of ultra-small and size-tunable liposomes. The size-tunability is achieved by incorporating glycerol as a new technique into the synthesis reagents, serving as a size regulator. The proposed device utilizes the synergistic effects of vibrating trapped microbubbles and an oscillating thin elastic membrane to generate vigorous acoustic microstreaming. The working principle and mixing mechanism of the device are explored numerically and experimentally. The platform exhibits remarkable mixing efficacy for aqueous and viscous solutions at flow rates up to 8000 µL/h, which makes it unique for high-throughput liposome formation and preventing aggregation. As a proof of concept, this study investigates the impact of phospholipid type and concentration, flow rate, and glycerol on the size and size distribution of liposomes. The results reveal a significant size reduction, from ≈900 nm to 40 nm, achieved by merely introducing 75% glycerol into the synthesis reagents, highlighting an innovative approach toward size-tunable liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourabdollah Vardin
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Faruk Aksoy
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
| | - Gurkan Yesiloz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya-Ankara, 06800, Türkiye
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2
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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Zheng L. Advancing Microfluidic Immunity Testing Systems: New Trends for Microbial Pathogen Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:3322. [PMID: 39064900 PMCID: PMC11279515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the global disease burden due to their ability to cause various diseases and spread through multiple transmission routes. Immunity tests identify antigens related to these pathogens, thereby confirming past infections and monitoring the host's immune response. Traditional pathogen detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs), are often labor-intensive, slow, and reliant on sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, which can be limiting in resource-poor settings. In contrast, the development of microfluidic technologies presents a promising alternative, offering automation, miniaturization, and cost efficiency. These advanced methods are poised to replace traditional assays by streamlining processes and enabling rapid, high-throughput immunity testing for pathogens. This review highlights the latest advancements in microfluidic systems designed for rapid and high-throughput immunity testing, incorporating immunosensors, single molecule arrays (Simoas), a lateral flow assay (LFA), and smartphone integration. It focuses on key pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, commercialization prospects, and future directions to advance microfluidic systems for infectious disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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3
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Gurkan UA, Wood DK, Carranza D, Herbertson LH, Diamond SL, Du E, Guha S, Di Paola J, Hines PC, Papautsky I, Shevkoplyas SS, Sniadecki NJ, Pamula VK, Sundd P, Rizwan A, Qasba P, Lam WA. Next generation microfluidics: fulfilling the promise of lab-on-a-chip technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1867-1874. [PMID: 38487919 PMCID: PMC10964744 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies enable the analysis and manipulation of small fluid volumes and particles at small scales and the control of fluid flow and transport processes at the microscale, leading to the development of new methods to address a broad range of scientific and medical challenges. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies have made a noteworthy impact in basic, preclinical, and clinical research, especially in hematology and vascular biology due to the inherent ability of microfluidics to mimic physiologic flow conditions in blood vessels and capillaries. With the potential to significantly impact translational research and clinical diagnostics, technical issues and incentive mismatches have stymied microfluidics from fulfilling this promise. We describe how accessibility, usability, and manufacturability of microfluidic technologies should be improved and how a shift in mindset and incentives within the field is also needed to address these issues. In this report, we discuss the state of the microfluidic field regarding current limitations and propose future directions and new approaches for the field to advance microfluidic technologies closer to translation and clinical use. While our report focuses on using blood as the prototypical biofluid sample, the proposed ideas and research directions can be extrapolated to other areas of hematology, oncology, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E Du
- Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick C Hines
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Functional Fluidics, Inc., USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Prithu Sundd
- VERSITI Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Asif Rizwan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA
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4
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Li B, Zhang L, Bai S, Jin J, Chen H. A brief overview of passive microvalves in microfluidics: Mechanism, manufacturing, and applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021506. [PMID: 38659429 PMCID: PMC11037934 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microvalves play a crucial role in manipulating fluid states within a microfluidic system and are finding widespread applications in fields such as biology, medicine, and environmental preservation. Leveraging the characteristics and features of microvalves enables the realization of various complicated microfluidic functions. Continuous advancement in the manufacturing process contributes to more flexible control modes for passive microvalves. As a consequence, these valves are progressively shrinking in size while simultaneously improving in precision and stability. Although active microvalves have the benefits of low leakage, rapid response time, and wide adaptability range, the energy supply system limits the size and even their applicability in integration and miniaturization. In comparison, passive microvalves have the advantage of relying solely on the fluid flow or fluid driving pressure to control the open/close of fluid flow over active microvalves, in spite of having slightly reduced control accuracy. Their self-sustaining feature is highly consistent with the need for assembly and miniaturization in the point-of-care testing technology. Hence, these valves have attracted significant interest for research and application purposes. This review focuses on the recent literature on passive microvalves and details existing passive microvalves from three different aspects: operating principle, processing method, and applications. This work aims to increase the visibility of passive microvalves among researchers and enhance their comprehension by classifying them according to the aforementioned three aspects, facilitating the practical applications and further developments of passive microvalves. Additionally, this paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive and systematic reference for interdisciplinary researchers that intend to design related microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Siwei Bai
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and . Tel.: +86 755 8615 3249
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
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5
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Mehraji S, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic synthesis of lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent advances and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1154-1174. [PMID: 38165786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are revolutionizing the synthesis of nanoscale lipid particles and enabling new opportunities for the production of lipid-based nanomedicines. By harnessing the benefits of microfluidics for controlling diffusive and advective transport within microfabricated flow cells, microfluidic platforms enable unique capabilities for lipid nanoparticle synthesis with precise and tunable control over nanoparticle properties. Here we present an assessment of the current state of microfluidic technologies for lipid-based nanoparticle and nanomedicine production. Microfluidic techniques are discussed in the context of conventional production methods, with an emphasis on the capabilities of microfluidic systems for controlling nanoparticle size and size distribution. Challenges and opportunities associated with the scaling of manufacturing throughput are discussed, together with an overview of emerging microfluidic methods for lipid nanomedicine post-processing. The impact of additive manufacturing on current and future microfluidic platforms is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mehraji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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6
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Dortaj H, Azarpira N, Pakbaz S. Insight to Biofabrication of Liver Microtissues for Disease Modeling: Challenges and Opportunities. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1303-1311. [PMID: 37846577 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x257744231009071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, liver diseases with high mortality rates have become one of the most important health problems in the world. Organ transplantation is currently considered the most effective treatment for compensatory liver failure. An increasing number of patients and shortage of donors has led to the attention of reconstructive medicine methods researchers. The biggest challenge in the development of drugs effective in chronic liver disease is the lack of a suitable preclinical model that can mimic the microenvironment of liver problems. Organoid technology is a rapidly evolving field that enables researchers to reconstruct, evaluate, and manipulate intricate biological processes in vitro. These systems provide a biomimetic model for studying the intercellular interactions necessary for proper organ function and architecture in vivo. Liver organoids, formed by the self-assembly of hepatocytes, are microtissues and can exhibit specific liver characteristics for a long time in vitro. Hepatic organoids are identified as an impressive tool for evaluating potential cures and modeling liver diseases. Modeling various liver diseases, including tumors, fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, etc., allows the study of the effects of various drugs on these diseases in personalized medicine. Here, we summarize the literature relating to the hepatic stem cell microenvironment and the formation of liver Organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Illath K, Kar S, Shinde A, Ojha R, Iyer DR, Mahapatra NR, Nagai M, Santra TS. Microfluidic device-fabricated spiky nano-burflower shape gold nanomaterials facilitate large biomolecule delivery into cells using infrared light pulses. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4783-4803. [PMID: 37870396 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal nanoparticle-sensitised photoporation is an emerging approach, which is considered an efficient tool for the intracellular delivery of biomolecules. Nevertheless, using this method to achieve high transfection efficiency generally compromises cell viability and uneven distribution of nanoparticles results in non-uniform delivery. Here, we show that high aspect ratio gold nano-burflowers, synthesised in a microfluidic device, facilitate highly efficient small to very-large cargo delivery uniformly using infrared light pulses without sacrificing cell viability. By precisely controlling the flow rates of shaping reagent and reducing agent, high-density (24 numbers) sharply branched spikes (∼80 nm tip-to-tip length) of higher aspect ratios (∼6.5) with a small core diameter (∼45 nm) were synthesised. As produced gold burflower-shape nanoparticles are biocompatible, colloidally stable (large surface zeta potential value), and uniform in morphology with a higher plasmonic peak (max. 890 nm). Theoretical analysis revealed that spikes on the nanoparticles generate a higher electromagnetic field enhancement upon interaction with light pulses. It induces plasmonic nanobubbles in the vicinity of the cells, followed by pore formation on the membrane leading to diverse biomolecular delivery into cells. Our platform has been successfully implemented for uniform delivery of small to very large biomolecules, including siRNA (20-24 bp), plasmid DNA expressing green fluorescent protein (6.2 kbp), Cas-9 plasmid (9.3 kbp), and β-galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa) into diverse mammalian cells with high transfection efficiency and cell viability. For very large biomolecules such as enzymes, the best results were achieved as ∼100% transfection efficiency and ∼100% cell viability in SiHa cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that the spiky gold nano-burflower shape nanoparticles manufactured in a microfluidic system exhibited excellent plasmonic behaviour and could serve as an effective tool in manipulating cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Rajdeep Ojha
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dhanya R Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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8
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Hu X, Tang J, Yu H, Yang H, Lu X, Zheng D. Preparation of fish collagen and vancomycin microspheres based on microfluidic technology and its application in osteomyelitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249706. [PMID: 37915548 PMCID: PMC10616836 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the clinical treatment of osteomyelitis and osteomyelitis-induced bone defects is challenging, easy to recur, drug toxic side effects, secondary or multiple surgeries, etc. The design of biodegradable composite biomaterials to improve antibiotics in the local precise anti-infection at the same time to complete the repair of bone defects is the current research hot spot. Herein, a composite hydrogel with a double bond at the end (FA-MA) was prepared by affinity addition reaction between fish collagen (FA) and methacrylic anhydride (MA) under photoinitiator initiation conditions, then, FA-MA was amino-activated by EDC/NHC, and vancomycin was attached to FA-MA via amide bonding to prepare FA-MA-Van hydrogels, and finally, the composite hydrogel microspheres were prepared by microfluidic technology. The structure of the hydrogel was confirmed by SEM (elemental analysis), optical microscopy, FTIR, and XPS to confirm the successful preparation. The composite hydrogel microspheres showed the better antimicrobial effect of hydrogel microspheres by bacterial coated plate experiments and SEM morphology results, with the antimicrobial class reaching 99.8%. The results of immunofluorescence staining and X-ray experiments showed that the hydrogel microspheres had a better effect on promoting bone repair. This engineered design of hydrogel microspheres provides clinical significance for treating osteomyelitis at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanshi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Yerpude ST, Potbhare AK, Bhilkar P, Rai AR, Singh RP, Abdala AA, Adhikari R, Sharma R, Chaudhary RG. Biomedical,clinical and environmental applications of platinum-based nanohybrids: An updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116148. [PMID: 37211181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have numerous applications in various sectors, including pharmacology, nanomedicine, cancer therapy, radiotherapy, biotechnology and environment mitigation like removal of toxic metals from wastewater, photocatalytic degradation of toxic compounds, adsorption, and water splitting. The multifaceted applications of Pt NPs because of their ultra-fine structures, large surface area, tuned porosity, coordination-binding, and excellent physiochemical properties. The various types of nanohybrids (NHs) of Pt NPs can be fabricated by doping with different metal/metal oxide/polymer-based materials. There are several methods to synthesize platinum-based NHs, but biological processes are admirable because of green, economical, sustainable, and non-toxic. Due to the robust physicochemical and biological characteristics of platinum NPs, they are widely employed as nanocatalyst, antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anticancer agents. Indeed, Pt-based NHs are the subject of keen interest and substantial research area for biomedical and clinical applications. Hence, this review systematically studies antimicrobial, biological, and environmental applications of platinum and platinum-based NHs, predominantly for treating cancer and photo-thermal therapy. Applications of Pt NPs in nanomedicine and nano-diagnosis are also highlighted. Pt NPs-related nanotoxicity and the potential and opportunity for future nano-therapeutics based on Pt NPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin T Yerpude
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Ajay K Potbhare
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Pavan Bhilkar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Alok R Rai
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Raghvendra P Singh
- Department of Research & Development, Azoth Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Noida, 201306, India.
| | - Ahmed A Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A and M University at Qatar POB, 23784, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry and Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ratiram G Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
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10
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Li G, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhai P, Lai X, Jiang W. Low temperature synthesis of carbon dots in microfluidic chip and their application for sensing cefquinome residues in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 228:115187. [PMID: 36893719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the N-doped carbon dots were continuously synthesized by a facile microfluidic strategy at 90 °C, and their quantum yields reached 19.2%. The characteristics of the obtained carbon dots could be real-time monitored in order to synthesize carbon dots with specific properties. By incorporating the carbon dots into a well-established enzymatic cascade amplification system, an inner filter effect-based fluorescence immunoassay was set up for ultrasensitive detection of cefquinome residues in milk samples. The developed fluorescence immunoassay provided a low detection limit of 0.78 ng/mL, which satisfied the maximum residue limit set by authorities. The fluorescence immunoassay had an 50% inhibition concentration of 0.19 ng/mL against cefquinome and showed a good linear relationship from 0.013 ng/mL to 1.52 ng/mL. While, the average recovery values ranged from 77.8% to 107.8% in spiked milk samples, with relative standard deviations ranging from 6.8% to 10.9%. Compared with conventional methods, the microfluidic chip was more flexible on carbon dots synthesis and the developed fluorescence immunoassay was more sensitive and eco-friendlier for ultra-trace cefquinome residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peng Zhai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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11
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Shinde A, Illath K, Kasiviswanathan U, Nagabooshanam S, Gupta P, Dey K, Chakrabarty P, Nagai M, Rao S, Kar S, Santra TS. Recent Advances of Biosensor-Integrated Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3121-3146. [PMID: 36716428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pulasta Chakrabarty
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Suresh Rao
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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12
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Yao W, Che J, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhou H, Bai F. Treatment of Alzheimer's disease by microcapsule regulates neurotransmitter release via microfluidic technology. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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13
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Wang Q, Wang C, Yang X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Shang L. Microfluidic preparation of optical sensors for biomedical applications. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220027. [PMID: 39188556 PMCID: PMC11235902 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Optical biosensors are platforms that translate biological information into detectable optical signals, and have extensive applications in various fields due to their characteristics of high sensitivity, high specificity, dynamic sensing, etc. The development of optical sensing materials is an important part of optical sensors. In this review, we emphasize the role of microfluidic technology in the preparation of optical sensing materials and the application of the derived optical sensors in the biomedical field. We first present some common optical sensing mechanisms and the functional responsive materials involved. Then, we describe the preparation of these sensing materials by microfluidics. Afterward, we enumerate the biomedical applications of these optical materials as biosensors in disease diagnosis, drug evaluation, and organ-on-a-chip. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiali Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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14
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K K, Kandasamy SK, P S, Alodhayb A. Numerical simulation and parameter optimization of micromixer device using fuzzy logic technique. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4504-4522. [PMID: 36760289 PMCID: PMC9893881 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is the design, simulation, and performance optimization of a micromixer device using the three input parameters of device structure, flow rate and diffusion coefficient of gold nanoparticles while the output parameters are concentration, velocity, pressure and time domain analysis. Each input parameter in the microfluidic chip influences the system output. The data were gathered through extensive study in order to optimize the diffusion control. The fuzzy logic approach is used to optimize the performance of the device with respect to the input parameters. In this study, we have chosen three different flow rates of 1, 5, and 10 μL min-1, three different diffusion coefficient values of low, average and high diffusivity gold nanofluids (15.3 e-12, 15.3 e-11, 15.3 e-10 m2 s-1) which are used in three different shapes of micromixer device, Y-shaped straight channel micromixer, herringbone-shaped micromixer, and herringbone shape with obstacles micromixer, and we measured the output performance, such as mixing efficiency, pressure drop, concentration across the microchannel and time domain. The data were obtained by fuzzy logic analysis and it was found that the herringbone shape with obstacles micromixer shows 100% mixing efficiency within a short duration of 5000 μm, and complete mixing was achieved within 10 seconds with a low pressure drop of 128 Pa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan K
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Senthil Kumar Kandasamy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College Erode Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saravanan P
- Department of Self Development Skills, CFY Deanship, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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15
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Chakrabarty P, Illath K, Kar S, Nagai M, Santra TS. Combinatorial physical methods for cellular therapy: Towards the future of cellular analysis? J Control Release 2023; 353:1084-1095. [PMID: 36538949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The physical energy activated techniques for cellular delivery and analysis is one of the most rapidly expanding research areas for a variety of biological and biomedical discoveries. These methods, such as electroporation, optoporation, sonoporation, mechanoporation, magnetoporation, etc., have been widely used in delivering different biomolecules into a range of primary and patient-derived cell types. However, the techniques when used individually have had limitations in delivery and co-delivery of diverse biomolecules in various cell types. In recent years, a number of studies have been performed by combining the different membrane disruption techniques, either sequentially or simultaneously, in a single study. The studies, referred to as combinatorial, or hybrid techniques, have demonstrated enhanced transfection, such as efficient macromolecular and gene delivery and co-delivery, at lower delivery parameters and with high cell viability. Such studies can open up new and exciting avenues for understanding the subcellular structure and consequently facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review consequently aims at summarising the different developments in hybrid therapeutic techniques. The different methods discussed include mechano-electroporation, electro-sonoporation, magneto-mechanoporation, magnetic nanoparticles enhanced electroporation, and magnetic hyperthermia studies. We discuss the clinical status of the different methods and conclude with a discussion on the future prospects of the combinatorial techniques for cellular therapy and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulasta Chakrabarty
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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16
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sutlive J, Wu K, Mao L, Nie J, Zhao XZ, Guo F, Chen Z, Huang Q. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis targeting fetal nucleated red blood cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:546. [PMID: 36585678 PMCID: PMC9805221 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) aims to detect fetal-related genetic disorders before birth by detecting markers in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, holding the potential in reducing the risk of fetal birth defects. Fetal-nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) can be used as biomarkers for NIPD, given their remarkable nature of carrying the entire genetic information of the fetus. Here, we review recent advances in NIPD technologies based on the isolation and analysis of fNRBCs. Conventional cell separation methods rely primarily on physical properties and surface antigens of fNRBCs, such as density gradient centrifugation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Due to the limitations of sensitivity and purity in Conventional methods, separation techniques based on micro-/nanomaterials have been developed as novel methods for isolating and enriching fNRBCs. We also discuss emerging methods based on microfluidic chips and nanostructured substrates for static and dynamic isolation of fNRBCs. Additionally, we introduce the identification techniques of fNRBCs and address the potential clinical diagnostic values of fNRBCs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and the future directions of fNRBCs as treatment guidelines in NIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Joseph Sutlive
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ke Wu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Biological Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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17
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Qing LS, Wang TT, Luo HY, Du JL, Wang RY, Luo P. Microfluidic strategies for natural products in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Lai X, Yang M, Wu H, Li D. Modular Microfluidics: Current Status and Future Prospects. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1363. [PMID: 36014285 PMCID: PMC9414757 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly studies the development status, limitations, and future directions of modular microfluidic systems. Microfluidic technology is an important tool platform for scientific research and plays an important role in various fields. With the continuous development of microfluidic applications, conventional monolithic microfluidic chips show more and more limitations. A modular microfluidic system is a system composed of interconnected, independent modular microfluidic chips, which are easy to use, highly customizable, and on-site deployable. In this paper, the current forms of modular microfluidic systems are classified and studied. The popular fabrication techniques for modular blocks, the major application scenarios of modular microfluidics, and the limitations of modular techniques are also discussed. Lastly, this review provides prospects for the future direction of modular microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Lai
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingpeng Yang
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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19
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Feng T, Song X, Du Y, Bai Y, Ren X, Ma H, Wu D, Li Y, Wei Q. High-Efficiency CdSe Quantum Dots/Fe 3O 4@MoS 2/S 2O 82- Electrochemiluminescence System Based on a Microfluidic Analysis Platform for the Sensitive Detection of Neuron-Specific Enolase. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9176-9183. [PMID: 35709535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology and self-assembled portable disease detection chips, a bioactivity-maintained sensing platform was developed for the quantitative detection of neuron-specific enolase. First, we prepared Fe3O4@MoS2 nanocomposites as an efficient catalyst to accelerate the reduction of persulfate (S2O82-). Specifically, abundant sulfate radicals (SO4•-) were generated because of cyclic conversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+. Meanwhile, MoS2 nanoflowers with a high specific surface area could not only load more Fe3O4 but also solve its agglomeration problem, which greatly improved the catalytic efficiency. Moreover, a biosensor chip was constructed by standard lithography processes for disease detection, which had good sensitivity and portability. According to the above strategies, the developed portable sensing platform played the part of promoting the practical application of bioanalysis in early tumor screening and clinical diagnosis. In addition, we developed a short peptide ligand (NARKFYKG, NAR) to avoid the occupation of antigen binding sites by specifically connecting to Fc fragments in antibodies. Thus, the binding efficiency of antibodies and the activity of biosensors were improved due to the introduction of NAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xianzhen Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - HongMin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - YuYang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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20
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Bourguignon N, Kamat V, Perez M, Mathee K, Lerner B, Bhansali S. New dynamic microreactor system to mimic biofilm formation and test anti-biofilm activity of nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2729-2738. [PMID: 35325273 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are composed of surface-adhered microorganisms enclosed in extracellular polymeric substances. The biofilm lifestyle is the intrinsic drug resistance imparted to bacterial cells protected by the matrix. So far, conventional drug susceptibility tests for biofilm are reagent and time-consuming, and most of them are in static conditions. Rapid and easy-to-use methods for biofilm formation and antibiotic activity testing need to be developed to accelerate the discovery of new antibiofilm strategies. Herein, a Lab-On-Chip (LOC) device is presented that provides optimal microenvironmental conditions closely mimicking real-life clinical biofilm status. This new device allows homogeneous attachment and immobilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01-EGFP cells, and the biofilms grown can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen known as a model for drug screening biofilm studies. The influence of flow rates on biofilms growth was analyzed by flow simulations using COMSOL® 5.2. Significant cell adhesion to the substrate and biofilm formation inside the microchannels were observed at higher flow rates > 100 µL/h. After biofilm formation, the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (SNP), chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), and a complex of chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (CSNP) to eradicate the biofilm under a continuous flow was explored. The most significant loss of biofilm was seen with CSNP with a 65.5% decrease in average live/dead cell signal in biofilm compared to the negative controls. Our results demonstrate that this system is a user-friendly tool for antibiofilm drug screening that could be simply applied in clinical laboratories.Key Points• A continuous-flow microreactor that mimics real-life clinical biofilm infections was developed.• The antibiofilm activity of three nano drugs was evaluated in dynamic conditions.• The highest biofilm reduction was observed with chitosan-silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Haedo, 1706, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vivek Kamat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Maximiliano Perez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Haedo, 1706, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Haedo, 1706, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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