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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Ciurli S. Inhibition of Urease by Hydroquinones: A Structural and Kinetic Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201770. [PMID: 35994380 PMCID: PMC9826003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinones are a class of organic compounds abundant in nature that result from the full reduction of the corresponding quinones. Quinones are known to efficiently inhibit urease, a NiII -containing enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to yield ammonia and carbonate and acts as a virulence factor of several human pathogens, in addition to decreasing the efficiency of soil organic nitrogen fertilization. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the inhibition of urease from Sporosarcina pasteurii (SPU) and Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean, JBU) by 1,4-hydroquinone (HQ) and its methyl and tert-butyl derivatives. The 1.63-Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the SPU-HQ complex discloses that HQ covalently binds to the thiol group of αCys322, a key residue located on a mobile protein flap directly involved in the catalytic mechanism. Inhibition kinetic data obtained for the three compounds on JBU reveals the occurrence of an irreversible inactivation process that involves a radical-based autocatalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT)University of BolognaViale Giuseppe Fanin 4040127BolognaItaly
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheVia Brecce Bianche 1060131AnconaItaly
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT)University of BolognaViale Giuseppe Fanin 4040127BolognaItaly
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Expression, Purification, and Comparative Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Urease by Regio-Selectively Alkylated Benzimidazole 2-Thione Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030865. [PMID: 35164122 PMCID: PMC8838460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The urease enzyme has been an important target for the discovery of effective pharmacological and agricultural products. Thirteen regio-selectively alkylated benzimidazole-2-thione derivatives have been designed to carry the essential features of urease inhibitors. The urease enzyme was isolated from Helicobacter pylori as a recombinant urease utilizing the His-tag method. The isolated enzyme was purified and characterized using chromatographic and FPLC techniques showing a maximal activity of 200 mg/mL. Additionally, the commercial Jack bean urease was purchased and included in this study for comparative and mechanistic investigations. The designed compounds were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activity against the two ureases. Compound 2 inhibited H. pylori and Jack bean ureases with IC50 values of 0.11; and 0.26 mM; respectively. While compound 5 showed IC50 values of 0.01; and 0.29 mM; respectively. Compounds 2 and 5 were docked against Helicobacter pylori urease (PDB ID: 1E9Y; resolution: 3.00 Å) and exhibited correct binding modes with free energy (ΔG) values of −9.74 and −13.82 kcal mol−1; respectively. Further; the in silico ADMET and toxicity properties of 2 and 5 indicated their general safeties and likeness to be used as drugs. Finally, the compounds’ safety was authenticated by an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against fibroblast cells.
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Zaborowska M, Wyszkowska J, Borowik A, Kucharski J. Perna canaliculus as an Ecological Material in the Removal of o-Cresol Pollutants from Soil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6685. [PMID: 34772211 PMCID: PMC8588315 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with cresol is a problem of the 21st century and poses a threat to soil microorganisms, humans, animals, and plants. The lack of precise data on the potential toxicity of o-cresol in soil microbiome and biochemical activity, as well as the search for effective remediation methods, inspired the aim of this study. Soil is subjected to four levels of contamination with o-cresol: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg o-cresol kg-1 dry matter (DM) of soil and the following are determined: the count of eight groups of microorganisms, colony development index (CD) and ecophysiological diversity index (EP) for organotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi, and the bacterial genetic diversity. Moreover, the responses of seven soil enzymes are investigated. Perna canaliculus is a recognized biosorbent of organic pollutants. Therefore, microbial biostimulation with Perna canaliculus shells is used to eliminate the negative effect of the phenolic compound on the soil microbiome. Fungi appears to be the microorganisms most sensitive to o-cresol, while Pseudomonas sp. is the least sensitive. In o-cresol-contaminated soils, the microbiome is represented mainly by the bacteria of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease can be regarded as sensitive indicators of soil disturbance. Perna canaliculus shells prove to be an effective biostimulator of soil under pressure with o-cresol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10727 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
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Development of antibacterial nanofibrous wound dressing and conceptual reaction mechanism to deactivate the viral protein by Nigella sativa extract. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7804899 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is extensively used as medicinal plant all over the world. It has the potential properties as the antiviral and antibacterial application. Its seed contain thymoquinone (TQ), thymohydroquinone (THQ), thymol (THY), p-cymene as major and other minor components. TQ and THQ exhibit broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties against the activity of bacteria, viruses, parasites, schistosoma and fungi. This work provides credence to the fabrication of antibacterial nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning machine from N. sativa extract with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution for wound dressing. The morphology of the developed membrane is also characterized using scanning electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data has been showed that the functional groups of N. sativa are present in the prepared PVA-N. sativa nanofibrous membrane and its antibacterial activity was investigated. The disk diffusion method has been used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of PVA-N. sativa nanofibrous membrane against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria and the inhibition zone with a value of 10 mm is formed. Considering the inherent properties of N. sativa, a conceptual reaction mechanism has been proposed to deactivate the viral proteins by the action of TQ and THQ.
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Kishikawa N, El-Maghrabey M, Nagamune Y, Nagai K, Ohyama K, Kuroda N. A Smart Advanced Chemiluminescence-Sensing Platform for Determination and Imaging of the Tissue Distribution of Natural Antioxidants. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6984-6992. [PMID: 32316724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have gained marked attention owing to their ability to prevent the oxidation of biological components and to protect the body from reactive oxygen species, thereby maintaining human health. Thus, antioxidant-rich dietary supplements and natural foods can be effective against oxidative stress and can even act as chemopreventive agents. Therefore, a simple and rapid assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity and assessment of their distribution profile in natural sources is vital. Herein, we report a rapid, innovative chemiluminescence (CL) platform for evaluation and visualization of antioxidant capacity. We found that intense and long-lasting CL was formed upon the redox reaction of quinones, e.g., menadione, with antioxidants, e.g., l-ascorbic acid, in the presence of luminol. The produced CL intensities were proportional to the antioxidants' concentrations with a detection limit of 0.18 μM for the model antioxidant, l-ascorbic acid. As the formed CL was long-lasting, it could be easily captured and detected with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. To evaluate the quantification ability of the CCD camera, we developed a smart and fast microplate-based assay based on photographing the generated CL with a cooled CCD camera. The photographed CL intensities were linearly proportional with the antioxidant concentrations, and then the method was applied for photographing multiple food sample extracts. Ultimately, we utilized our method for the distribution profiling of antioxidant capacity in food cut sections. Samples were dipped in luminol and then in quinone, followed by CCD camera photography, without the need for any pulverization/extraction procedure, giving precise antioxidant distribution information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kishikawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yuusuke Nagamune
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaishu Nagai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry for Pharmaceuticals, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Karaali N, Aydin S, Baltas N, Mentese E. Synthesis of novel tetra‐substituted benzimidazole compounds containing certain heterostructures with antioxidant and anti‐urease activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Karaali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesRecep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey
| | - Serdar Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesRecep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesRecep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey
| | - Emre Mentese
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesRecep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey
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Zaborowska M, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Soil enzyme response to bisphenol F contamination in the soil bioaugmented using bacterial and mould fungal consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:20. [PMID: 31820108 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the study resulted from the lack of accurate data on the toxicity of bisphenol F (BPF) coinciding with the need for immediate changes in the global economic policy eliminating the effects of environmental contamination with bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of the experiment was to determine the scale of the previously unstudied inhibitory effect of BPF on soil biochemical activity. To this end, in a soil subjected to increasing BPF pressure at three contamination levels of 0, 5, 50 and 500 mg BPF kg-1 DM, responses of soil enzymes, dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and β-glucosidase, were examined. Moreover, the study suggested a potentially effective way of biostimulating the soil by means of bioaugmentation with a consortium of four bacterial species: Pseudomonas umsongensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus subtilis, and the following fungal species: Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium daleae, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger. It was found that BPF was a controversial BPA analogue due to the fact that it contributed to the inhibition of all the enzyme activities. Dehydrogenases proved to be the most sensitive to bisphenol contamination of the soil. The addition of 5 mg BPF kg-1 DM of soil triggered an escalation of the inhibition comparable to that for the other enzymes only after exposing them to the effects of 50 and 500 mg BPF kg-1 DM of soil. Moreover, BPF generated low activity of urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. Bacterial inoculum increased the activity of urease, β-glucosidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase. Seventy-six percent of BPF underwent biodegradation during the 5 days of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jan Kucharski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
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Nain-Perez A, Barbosa LCA, Rodríguez-Hernández D, Mota YCC, Silva TF, Ramalho TC, Modolo LV. Antiureolytic Activity of Substituted 2,5-Diaminobenzoquinones. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900503. [PMID: 31660678 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones (1-12) were investigated in vitro for their potential to inhibit the activity of jack bean urease. Compounds 1-6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 effectively inhibited the jack bean urease activity by 90.8 % when tested at 5 μm, whereas 7 and 10 had relatively little effect. The IC50 for most compounds was in the nanomolar range (31.4 nm and 36.0 nm for 2 and 8, respectively). The mechanism of enzyme inhibition shown by 2 and 8 is typical of mixed-type inhibitors, whose affinity for the active site is over 6- and 2-fold higher (Ki =30.0 and 22.8 nm, for 2 and 8, respectively) than that of an allosteric site. Molecular docking studies revealed that both 2 and 8 establish hydrogen bonds with the amino acids residues Asp494, Met588, His593 and Ala636 in the active site of jack bean urease. These results indicate that such aminoquinones are useful leads for the development of more efficient urease inhibitors of wider utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rofls, s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yane C C Mota
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thamara F Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzia V Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Liu X, Zhang M, Li Z, Zhang C, Wan C, Zhang Y, Lee DJ. Inhibition of urease activity by humic acid extracted from sludge fermentation liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121767. [PMID: 31302466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study achieved effective extraction of humic acid from sludge fermentation liquid, and the inhibition of urease activity by the extract were investigated in the urea decomposition. The addition of extract could remarkably inhibit urease activity and extend the releasing time of ammonia nitrogen. The interaction between the extract and urease took times, and the inhibition was irreversible. The results of fluorescence analysis revealed that the inhibition of urease activity was correlated to the amount of humic acid extracted. The mechanisms of inhibition were proposed that the functional groups of humic acid might interact with the thiol group of urease and formed a larger particle size of complex to inhibit the activity of urease. The extraction of humic acid from sludge fermentation liquid can not only recover the resource from the fermentation liquid, but also provide a potential urease inhibitor for the sustained-release effect of the soil organic nitrogen fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Li C, Huang P, Wong K, Xu Y, Tan L, Chen H, Lu Q, Luo C, Tam C, Zhu L, Su Z, Xie J. Coptisine-induced inhibition of Helicobacter pylori: elucidation of specific mechanisms by probing urease active site and its maturation process. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1362-1375. [PMID: 30191728 PMCID: PMC6136390 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1501044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the anti-Helicobactor pylori effects of the main protoberberine-type alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis. Coptisine exerted varying antibacterial and bactericidal effects against three standard H. pylori strains and eleven clinical isolates, including four drug-resistant strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25 to 50 μg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 37.5 to 125 μg/mL. Coptisine’s anti-H. pylori effects derived from specific inhibition of urease in vivo. In vitro, coptisine inactivated urease in a concentration-dependent manner through slow-binding inhibition and involved binding to the urease active site sulfhydryl group. Coptisine inhibition of H. pylori urease (HPU) was mixed type, while inhibition of jack bean urease was non-competitive. Importantly, coptisine also inhibited HPU by binding to its nickel metallocentre. Besides, coptisine interfered with urease maturation by inhibiting activity of prototypical urease accessory protein UreG and formation of UreG dimers and by promoting dissociation of nickel from UreG dimers. These findings demonstrate that coptisine inhibits urease activity by targeting its active site and inhibiting its maturation, thereby effectively inhibiting H. pylori. Coptisine may thus be an effective anti-H. pylori agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Li
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ping Huang
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Kambo Wong
- c School of Life Sciences , Center for Protein Science and Crystallography, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Yifei Xu
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lihua Tan
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- d The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- e Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education and Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Tam
- c School of Life Sciences , Center for Protein Science and Crystallography, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ziren Su
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- f Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P. R. China
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Kafarski P, Talma M. Recent advances in design of new urease inhibitors: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 13:101-112. [PMID: 30094085 PMCID: PMC6077125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is a nickel-dependent metalloenzyme found in plants, some bacteria, and fungi. Bacterial enzyme is of special importance since it has been demonstrated as a potent virulence factor for some species. Especially it is central to Helicobacter pylori metabolism and virulence being necessary for its colonization of the gastric mucosa, and is a potent immunogen that elicits a vigorous immune response. Therefore, it is not surprising that efforts to design, synthesize and evaluate of new inhibitors of urease are and active field of medicinal chemistry. In this paper recent advances on this field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Extra precision glide docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies of 1,2-diarylethane derivatives as potent urease inhibitors. J Mol Model 2018; 24:261. [PMID: 30159776 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For the latter half of the twentieth century, most medical professionals considered bacterial infection to be a primary cause of gastrointestinal ulcers in human beings. In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium most closely linked to ulcer development, as a type I carcinogen. Biological research has shown that there is a positive correlation between the number of species in the Helicobacter genus and the number of medical conditions associated with Helicobacter infection, both of which are increasing rapidly. N-Benzylaniline derivatives, frequently used in industrial manufacturing, are being considered as a strong candidate for ongoing drug modeling in search of novel therapies. The basic goal behind this study was to determine the potency of experimentally proved data, and to determine favorable substituents to enhance potency, and thereafter to support this finding through theoretical modification of the existing base skeleton by addition of suitable substituents. Ligands were investigated thoroughly by paying attention to the urease-inhibitory properties present in the selected series. Initially, docking was performed on ligands with protein to produce efficient docking poses. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also performed to precisely understand the interactions between ligands and proteins. Thereafter, MM-GBSA was used in order to validate the methods and results. Good interaction was observed with amino acids Arg338, Ala169, Asp223, His322, and Asn168. This study also revealed that the electron rich hydroxyl group (-OH) substituent plays an important role during bond formation. In addition, various hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and pi-pi stacking bonds make significant contributions towards urease inhibition. Therefore, further research utilizing electron-rich moieties may lead to novel and efficacious urease inhibitors.
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Modolo LV, da-Silva CJ, Brandão DS, Chaves IS. A minireview on what we have learned about urease inhibitors of agricultural interest since mid-2000s. J Adv Res 2018; 13:29-37. [PMID: 30094080 PMCID: PMC6077229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
World population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, which makes a great challenge the achievement of food security. The use of urease inhibitors in agricultural practices has long been explored as one of the strategies to guarantee food supply in enough amounts. This is due to the fact that urea, one of the most used nitrogen (N) fertilizers worldwide, rapidly undergoes urease-driven hydrolysis on soil surface yielding up to 70% N losses to environment. This review provides with a compilation of what has been done since 2005 with respect to the search for good urease inhibitors of agricultural interests. The potential of synthetic organic molecules, such as phosphoramidates, hydroquinone, quinones, (di)substituted thioureas, benzothiazoles, coumarin and phenolic aldehyde derivatives, and vanadium-hydrazine complexes, together with B, Cu, S, Zn, ammonium thiosulfate, silver nanoparticles, and oxidized charcoal as urease inhibitors was presented from experiments with purified jack bean urease, different soils and/or plant-soil systems. The ability of some urease inhibitors to mitigate formation of greenhouse gases is also discussed.
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Krajewska B. Urease-aided calcium carbonate mineralization for engineering applications: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 13:59-67. [PMID: 30094083 PMCID: PMC6077181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing calcium carbonate precipitation is another important function of urease in nature. The process takes advantage of the supply of carbonate ions derived from urea hydrolysis and of an increase in pH generated by the reaction, effects that in the presence of Ca2+ ions lead to the precipitation of CaCO3. Further to its importance in nature, if performed in a biomimetic manner, the urease-aided CaCO3 mineralization offers enormous potential in innovative engineering applications as an eco-friendly technique operative under mild conditions, to be used for remediation and cementation/deposition in field applications in situ. These include among others, the strengthening and consolidation of soil/sand, the protection and restoration of stone and concrete structures, conservation of stone cultural heritage materials, cleaning waste- and groundwater of toxic metals and radionuclides, and plugging geological formations for the enhancement of oil recovery and geologic CO2 sequestration. In view of the potential of this newly emerging interdisciplinary branch of engineering, this article presents the principles of urease-aided calcium carbonate mineralization apposed to other biomineralization processes, and reviews the advantages and limitations of the technique compared to the conventional techniques presently in use. Further, it presents areas of its existing and potential applications, notably in geotechnical, construction and environmental engineering, and its future perspectives.
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15
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Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1346-1350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Inhibition of Urease by Disulfiram, an FDA-Approved Thiol Reagent Used in Humans. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121628. [PMID: 27898047 PMCID: PMC6274061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is a nickel-dependent amidohydrolase that catalyses the decomposition of urea into carbamate and ammonia, a reaction that constitutes an important source of nitrogen for bacteria, fungi and plants. It is recognized as a potential antimicrobial target with an impact on medicine, agriculture, and the environment. The list of possible urease inhibitors is continuously increasing, with a special interest in those that interact with and block the flexible active site flap. We show that disulfiram inhibits urease in Citrullus vulgaris (CVU), following a non-competitive mechanism, and may be one of this kind of inhibitors. Disulfiram is a well-known thiol reagent that has been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic alcoholism. We also found that other thiol reactive compounds (l-captopril and Bithionol) and quercetin inhibits CVU. These inhibitors protect the enzyme against its full inactivation by the thiol-specific reagent Aldrithiol (2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide, DPS), suggesting that the three drugs bind to the same subsite. Enzyme kinetics, competing inhibition experiments, auto-fluorescence binding experiments, and docking suggest that the disulfiram reactive site is Cys592, which has been proposed as a "hinge" located in the flexible active site flap. This study presents the basis for the use of disulfiram as one potential inhibitor to control urease activity.
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Macegoniuk K, Grela E, Palus J, Rudzińska-Szostak E, Grabowiecka A, Biernat M, Berlicki Ł. 1,2-Benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one Derivatives As a New Class of Bacterial Urease Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8125-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Macegoniuk
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Grela
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Palus
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Rudzińska-Szostak
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowiecka
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Department
of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Tytusa Chałubińskiego
4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Hassan STS, Žemlička M. Plant-Derived Urease Inhibitors as Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:507-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Natural Drugs; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Milan Žemlička
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany; University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
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A combined temperature-pH study of urease kinetics. Assigning pKa values to ionizable groups of the active site involved in the catalytic reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Musiani F, Ciurli S. Inactivation of urease by 1,4-benzoquinone: chemistry at the protein surface. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5455-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high activity of urease, a Ni(ii) enzyme, has several adverse effects on human health and agriculture, and its modulation needs the use of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mazzei
- Laboratory of bioinorganic Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - M. Cianci
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - F. Musiani
- Laboratory of bioinorganic Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - S. Ciurli
- Laboratory of bioinorganic Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
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Jadhav SB, Bankar SB, Granström T, Ojamo H, Singhal RS, Survase SA. Interaction of carbohydrates with alcohol dehydrogenase: Effect on enzyme activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Yu XD, Zheng RB, Xie JH, Su JY, Huang XQ, Wang YH, Zheng YF, Mo ZZ, Wu XL, Wu DW, Liang YE, Zeng HF, Su ZR, Huang P. Biological evaluation and molecular docking of baicalin and scutellarin as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:69-78. [PMID: 25557028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin and scutellarin are the principal bioactive components of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi which has extensively been incorporated into heat-clearing and detoxification formulas for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the mechanism of action remained to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the inhibitory effect, kinetics and mechanism of Helicobacter pylori urease (the vital pathogenetic factor for Helicobacter pylori infection) inhibition by baicalin and scutellarin, for their therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ammonia formations, indicator of urease activity, were examined using modified spectrophotometric Berthelot (phenol-hypochlorite) method. The inhibitory effect of baicalin and scutellarin was characterized with IC50 values, compared to acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), a well known Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots for the Helicobacter pylori urease inhibition of baicalin and scutellarin was constructed from the kinetic data. SH-blocking reagents and competitive active site Ni(2+) binding inhibitors were employed for mechanism study. Molecular docking technique was used to provide some information on binding conformations as well as confirm the inhibition mode. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiment using Gastric Epithelial Cells (GES-1) was evaluated. RESULTS Baicalin and scutellarin effectively suppressed Helicobacter pylori urease in dose-dependent and time-independent manner with IC50 of 0.82±0.07 mM and 0.47±0.04 mM, respectively, compared to AHA (IC50=0.14±0.05 mM). Structure-activity relationship disclosed 4'-hydroxyl gave flavones an advantage to binding with Helicobacter pylori urease. Kinetic analysis revealed that the types of inhibition were non-competitive and reversible with inhibition constant Ki of 0.14±0.01 mM and 0.18±0.02 mM for baicalin and scutellarin, respectively. The mechanism of urease inhibition was considered to be blockage of the SH groups of Helicobacter pylori urease, since thiol reagents (L,D-dithiothreitol, L-cysteine and glutathione) abolished the inhibitory action and competitive active site Ni(2+) binding inhibitors (boric acid and sodium fluoride) carried invalid effect. Molecular docking study further supported the structure-activity analysis and indicated that baicalin and scutellarin interacted with the key residues Cys321 located on the mobile flap through S-H·π interaction, but did not interact with active site Ni(2+). Moreover, Baicalin (at 0.59-1.05 mM concentrations) and scutellarin (at 0.23-0.71 mM concentrations) did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity to GES-1. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin and scutellarin were non-competitive inhibitors targeting sulfhydryl groups especially Cys321 around the active site of Helicobacter pylori urease, representing potential to be good candidate for future research as urease inhibitor for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Furthermore, our work gave additional scientific support to the use of Scutellaria baicalensis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Bo Zheng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510450, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhun Mo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Wei Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ye-er Liang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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Yu XD, Xie JH, Wang YH, Li YC, Mo ZZ, Zheng YF, Su JY, Liang YE, Liang JZ, Su ZR, Huang P. Selective Antibacterial Activity of Patchouli Alcohol Against Helicobacter pylori
Based on Inhibition of Urease. Phytother Res 2014; 29:67-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yu
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510115 PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhun Mo
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Ji-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Ye-er Liang
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Jin-Zhi Liang
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Dongguan 523000 PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 PR China
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Ibrar A, Khan I, Abbas N. Structurally Diversified Heterocycles and Related Privileged Scaffolds as Potential Urease Inhibitors: A Brief Overview. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:423-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Pervez H, Saira N, Iqbal MS, Yaqub M, Khan KM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some N 4-aryl-substituted 5-fluoroisatin-3-thiosemicarbazones. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Complexation reaction between Yb3+and human serum albumin is examined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The extension solvation theory was used to reproduce the enthalpies of HAS + Yb3+interactions over the whole range of Yb3+concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from this model were attributed to the structural change of HSA. The results show that Yb3+ions bind to HSA with three equivalent affinity sites. It was found that in the high concentrations of the ytterbium ions, the HSA structure was destabilized.
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27
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Du N, Chen M, Liu Z, Sheng L, Xu H, Chen S. Kinetics and mechanism of jack bean urease inhibition by Hg2+. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:154. [PMID: 23228101 PMCID: PMC3537586 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5) is a metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. The heavy metal ions are common inhibitors to control the rate of the enzymatic urea hydrolysis, which take the Hg2+ as the representative. Hg2+ affects the enzyme activity causing loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which threatens the survival of many microorganism and plants. However, inhibitory kinetics of urease by the low concentration Hg2+ has not been explored fully. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the low concentration Hg2+ on jack bean urease was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of Hg2+ inhibition. RESULTS According to the kinetic parameters for the enzyme obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plot, it is shown that the Km is equal to 4.6±0.3 mM and Vm is equal to 29.8±1.7 μmol NH3/min mg. The results show that the inhibition of jack bean urease by Hg2+ at low concentration is a reversible reaction. Equilibrium constants have been determined for Hg2+ binding with the enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complexes (Ki =0.012 μM). The results show that the Hg2+ is a noncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, the kinetics of enzyme inhibition by the low concentration Hg2+ has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The results suggest that the enzyme first reversibly and quickly binds Hg2+ and then undergoes a slow reversible course to inactivation. Furthermore, the rate constant of the forward reactions (k+0) is much larger than the rate constant of the reverse reactions (k-0). By combining with the fact that the enzyme activity is almost completely lost at high concentration, the enzyme is completely inactivated when the Hg2+ concentration is high enough. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Hg2+ has great impacts on the urease activity and the established inhibition kinetics model is suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Du
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei, 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaodi Liu
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangquan Sheng
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei, 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajie Xu
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuisheng Chen
- Fuyang Normal College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuyang, 236037, People’s Republic of China
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Temperature- and pressure-dependent stopped-flow kinetic studies of jack bean urease. Implications for the catalytic mechanism. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:1123-34. [PMID: 22890689 PMCID: PMC3442171 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Urease, a Ni-containing metalloenzyme, features an activity that has profound medical and agricultural implications. The mechanism of this activity, however, has not been as yet thoroughly established. Accordingly, to improve its understanding, in this study we analyzed the steady-state kinetic parameters of the enzyme (jack bean), KM and kcat, measured at different temperatures and pressures. Such an analysis is useful as it provides information on the molecular nature of the intermediate and transition states of the catalytic reaction. We measured the parameters in a noninteracting buffer using a stopped-flow technique in the temperature range 15–35 °C and in the pressure range 5–132 MPa, the pressure-dependent measurements being the first of their kind performed for urease. While temperature enhanced the activity of urease, pressure inhibited the enzyme; the inhibition was biphasic. Analyzing KM provided the characteristics of the formation of the ES complex, and analyzing kcat, the characteristics of the activation of ES. From the temperature-dependent measurements, the energetic parameters were derived, i.e. thermodynamic ΔHo and ΔSo for ES formation, and kinetic ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ for ES activation, while from the pressure-dependent measurements, the binding ΔVb and activation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \Updelta V_{\rm cat}^{ \ne } $$\end{document} volumes were determined. The thermodynamic and activation parameters obtained are discussed in terms of the current proposals for the mechanism of the urease reaction, and they are found to support the mechanism proposed by Benini et al. (Structure 7:205–216; 1999), in which the Ni–Ni bridging hydroxide—not the terminal hydroxide—is the nucleophile in the catalytic reaction. Graphical abstract ![]()
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29
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Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of 2,5-substituted-1,4-benzoquinone as novel urease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4889-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim J, Vaughn AR, Cho C, Albu TV, Carver EA. Modifications of ribonuclease A induced by p-benzoquinone. Bioorg Chem 2011; 40:92-98. [PMID: 22138305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The nature of ribonuclease A (RNase) modifications induced by p-benzoquinone (pBQ) was investigated using several analysis methods. SDS-PAGE experiments revealed that pBQ was efficient in producing oligomers and polymeric aggregates when RNase was incubated with pBQ. The fluorescence behavior and anisotropy changes of the modified RNase were monitored for a series of incubation reactions where RNase (0.050 mM) was incubated with pBQ (0.050, 0.25, 0.50, 1.50 mM) at 37 °C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 50 mM). The modified RNase exhibited less intense fluorescence and slightly higher anisotropy than the unmodified RNase. UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that pBQ formed covalent bonds to the modified RNase. Confocal imaging analysis confirmed the formation of the polymeric RNase aggregates with different sizes upon exposure of RNase to high concentrations of pBQ. The interaction between the modified RNase and salts affecting biomineralization of salts was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, our results show that pBQ can induce formation of both RNase adducts and aggregates thus providing a better understanding of its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Box 2252, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States.
| | - Albert R Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry, Box 2252, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
| | - Chris Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Box 2252, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
| | - Titus V Albu
- Department of Chemistry, Box 5055, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, United States
| | - Ethan A Carver
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 2653, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
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Pervez H, Manzoor N, Yaqub M, Nasim FUH, Khan KM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some N4-substituted 5-nitroisatin-3-thiosemicarbazones. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Rezaei Behbehani G, Saboury AA, Sabbaghy F. A Calorimetric Study on the Interaction of Zinc and Cadmium Ions with Jack Bean Urease. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nakayama Wong LS, Lamé MW, Jones AD, Wilson DW. Differential cellular responses to protein adducts of naphthoquinone and monocrotaline pyrrole. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 23:1504-13. [PMID: 20695460 DOI: 10.1021/tx1002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-xenobiotic adducts are byproducts of xenobiotic metabolism. While there is a correlation between protein adduction and target organ toxicity, a cause and effect relationship is not often clear. Naphthoquinone (NQ) and monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) are two pneumotoxic electrophiles that form covalent adducts with a similar select group of proteins rich in reactive thiols. In this study, we treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) with NQ, MCTP, or preformed NQ or MCTP adducts to the protein galectin-1 (gal-1) and examined indicators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative injury, markers of apoptosis (caspase-3 and annexin V), and gene responses of cellular stress. ROS production was assayed fluorescently using CM-H(2)DCFDA. NQ adducts to gal-1 (NQ-gal) produced 183% more intracellular ROS than gal-1 alone (p < 0.0001). Caspase-3 activity and annexin V staining of phosphatidylserine were used to assess apoptotic activity in treated cells. HPAEC exposed to MCTP-gal had increases in both caspase-3 activation and membrane translocation of annexin V relative to gal-1 alone (p < 0.0001). Direct application of NQ produced significantly more ROS and induced significant caspase-3 activation, whereas MCTP did not. Human bronchial epithelial cells were also exposed to MCTP-gal and found to have significant increases in both caspase-3 activation and annexin V staining in comparison to that of gal-1 (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that both NQ and MCTP significantly induced the Nrf2 mediated stress response pathway despite differences in ROS generation. ER stress was not induced by either adducts or parent compounds as seen by quantitative RT-PCR, but HOX-1 expression was significantly induced by NQ-gal and MCTP alone. Electrophile adduction to gal-1 produces different cytotoxic effects specific to each reactive intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Nakayama Wong
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Molecular Biosciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krajewska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
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Kot M, Karcz W, Zaborska W. 5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) influence on jack bean urease activity: Elucidation of the difference in inhibition activity. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang WY, Cai YZ, Zhang Y. Natural phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants: potential use for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:1-20. [PMID: 20043255 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903191585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural phenolic compounds play an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. Phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, curcuminoids, coumarins, lignans, quinones, and others. Various bioactivities of phenolic compounds are responsible for their chemopreventive properties (e.g., antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, or antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects) and also contribute to their inducing apoptosis by arresting cell cycle, regulating carcinogen metabolism and ontogenesis expression, inhibiting DNA binding and cell adhesion, migration, proliferation or differentiation, and blocking signaling pathways. This review covers the most recent literature to summarize structural categories and molecular anticancer mechanisms of phenolic compounds from medicinal herbs and dietary plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yang Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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A Structural and Calorimetric Study on the Interaction Between Jack Bean Urease and Cyanide Ion. J SOLUTION CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-009-9471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zaborska W, Kot M, Bala A. Kinetics of jack bean urease inhibition by 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Elucidation of the mechanism: redox cycling and sulfhydryl arylation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:1082-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802632674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Krajewska B. Mono- (Ag, Hg) and di- (Cu, Hg) valent metal ions effects on the activity of jack bean urease. Probing the modes of metal binding to the enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:535-42. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701743051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krajewska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, 30-060, Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
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