1
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Ramadan WS, Saber-Ayad MM, Saleh E, Abdu-Allah HH, El-Shorbagi ANA, Menon V, Tarazi H, Semreen MH, Soares NC, Hafezi S, Venkatakhalam T, Ahmed S, Kanie O, Hamoudi R, El-Awady R. Design, synthesis and mechanistic anticancer activity of new acetylated 5-aminosalicylate-thiazolinone hybrid derivatives. iScience 2024; 27:108659. [PMID: 38235331 PMCID: PMC10792193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of hybrid compounds has been widely considered as a promising strategy to circumvent the difficulties that emerge in cancer treatment. The well-established strategy of adding acetyl groups to certain drugs has been demonstrated to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Based on our previous work, an approach of accommodating two chemical entities into a single structure was implemented to synthesize new acetylated hybrids (HH32 and HH33) from 5-aminosalicylic acid and 4-thiazolinone derivatives. These acetylated hybrids showed potential anticancer activities and distinct metabolomic profile with antiproliferative properties. The in-silico molecular docking predicts a strong binding of HH32 and HH33 to cell cycle regulators, and transcriptomic analysis revealed DNA repair and cell cycle as the main targets of HH33 compounds. These findings were validated using in vitro models. In conclusion, the pleiotropic biological effects of HH32 and HH33 compounds on cancer cells demonstrated a new avenue to develop more potent cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha M. Saber-Ayad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Abdel-nasser A. El-Shorbagi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 16122, Egypt
| | - Varsha Menon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatakhalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samrein Ahmed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life sciences, University of Sheffield Hallam, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Elgohary MK, Abd El Hadi SR, Abo-Ashour MF, Abo-El Fetoh ME, Afify H, Abdel-Aziz HA, Abou-Seri SM. Fragment merging approach for the design of thiazole/thiazolidine clubbed pyrazoline derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents: Synthesis, biopharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106724. [PMID: 37451146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fragment merging approach was applied for the design of thiazole/thiazolidinone clubbed pyrazoline derivatives 5a-e, 6a-c, 7 and 10a-d as dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. Compounds 5a, 6a, and 6b were the most potent and COX-2 selective inhibitors (IC50= 0.03-0.06 μM, SI = 282.7-472.9) with high activity against 5-LOX (IC50 = 4.36-4.86 μM), while compounds 5b and 10a were active and selective 5-LOX inhibitors with IC50 = 2.43 and 1.58 μM, respectively. In vivo assay and histopathological examination for most active candidate 6a revealed significant decrease in inflammation with higher safety profile in comparison to standard drugs. Compound 6a exhibited the same orientation and binding interactions as the reference COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors (celecoxib and quercetin, respectively). Consequently, compound 6a has been identified as a potential lead for further optimization and the development of safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Soha R Abd El Hadi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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3
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Chahal S, Rani P, Kiran, Sindhu J, Joshi G, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Mayank, Kumar P, Singh R, Negi A. Design and Development of COX-II Inhibitors: Current Scenario and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17446-17498. [PMID: 37251190 PMCID: PMC10210234 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Innate inflammation beyond a threshold is a significant problem involved in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and many other chronic conditions. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are key inflammatory markers as they catalyze prostaglandins production and are crucial for inflammation processes. While COX-I is constitutively expressed and is generally involved in "housekeeping" roles, the expression of the COX-II isoform is induced by the stimulation of different inflammatory cytokines and also promotes the further generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which affect the prognosis of various diseases. Hence, COX-II is considered an important therapeutic target for drug development against inflammation-related illnesses. Several selective COX-II inhibitors with safe gastric safety profiles features that do not cause gastrointestinal complications associated with classic anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence of cardiovascular side effects from COX-II inhibitors that resulted in the withdrawal of market-approved anti-COX-II drugs. This necessitates the development of COX-II inhibitors that not only exhibit inhibit potency but also are free of side effects. Probing the scaffold diversity of known inhibitors is vital to achieving this goal. A systematic review and discussion on the scaffold diversity of COX inhibitors are still limited. To address this gap, herein we present an overview of chemical structures and inhibitory activity of different scaffolds of known COX-II inhibitors. The insights from this article could be helpful in seeding the development of next-generation COX-II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chahal
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Kiran
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan
Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249161, India
- Adjunct
Faculty at Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan’sLab,
School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Mayank
- University
College of Pharmacy, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab 151302, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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4
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Qahtan MQM, Bakhite EA, Kumari J, M Sayed A, Kandeel M, Sriram D, Abdu-Allah HHM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of some new 4-aminosalicylic acid derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106344. [PMID: 36669356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new derivatives of the antitubercular and anti-inflammatory drug, 4-aminosaliclic acids (4-ASA) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for these activities. In vivo and in viro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that compounds 10, 19 and 20 are the most active with potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipooxgenase (5-LOX) inhibition and without causing gasric lesions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the newly synthesized compound were, also, measured against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. Among the tested compounds 17, 19 and 20 exhibited significant activities against the growth of M. tuberculosis. 20 is the most potent with (MIC 1.04 µM) 2.5 folds more potent than the parent drug 4-ASA. 20 displayed low cytotoxicity against normal cell providing a high therapeutic index. Important structure features were analyzed by docking and structure-activity relationship analysis to give better insights into the structural determinants for predicting the anti-inflammatory and anti-TB activities. Our results indicated that compounds 19 and 20 are potential lead compounds for the discovery of dual anti-inflammatory and anti-TB drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Q M Qahtan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Etify A Bakhite
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Jyothi Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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5
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Bouz G, Šlechta P, Jand'ourek O, Konečná K, Paterová P, Bárta P, Novák M, Kučera R, Dal NJK, Fenaroli F, Zemanová J, Forbak M, Korduláková J, Pavliš O, Kubíčková P, Doležal M, Zitko J. Hybridization Approach Toward Novel Antituberculars: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Compounds Combining Pyrazinamide and 4-Aminosalicylic Acid. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:79-96. [PMID: 36577009 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent according to the World Health Organization. As part of our long-term research, we prepared a series of hybrid compounds combining pyrazinamide, a first-line antitubercular agent, and 4-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), a second-line agent. Compound 11 was found to be the most potent, with a broad spectrum of antimycobacterial activity and selectivity toward mycobacterial strains over other pathogens. It also retained its in vitro activity against multiple-drug-resistant mycobacterial strains. Several structural modifications were attempted to improve the in vitro antimycobacterial activity. The δ-lactone form of compound 11 (11') had more potent in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Compound 11 was advanced for in vivo studies, where it was proved to be nontoxic in Galleria mellonella and zebrafish models, and it reduced the number of colony-forming units in spleens in the murine model of tuberculosis. Biochemical studies showed that compound 11 targets mycobacterial dihydrofolate reductases (DHFR). An in silico docking study combined with molecular dynamics identified a viable binding mode of compound 11 in mycobacterial DHFR. The lactone 11' opens in human plasma to its parent compound 11 (t1/2 = 21.4 min). Compound 11 was metabolized by human liver fraction by slow hydrolysis of the amidic bond (t1/2 = 187 min) to yield PAS and its starting 6-chloropyrazinoic acid. The long t1/2 of compound 11 overcomes the main drawback of PAS (short t1/2 necessitating frequent administration of high doses of PAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šlechta
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jand'ourek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Konečná
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Paterová
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novák
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | | | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Júlia Zemanová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Martin Forbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Oto Pavliš
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, Prague 6 160 01, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kubíčková
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, Prague 6 160 01, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Doležal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zitko
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
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6
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Synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic evaluation, and docking study of (benzoylphenoxy)-N-{5-[2-methylphenyl-6-chlorobenzoxazole]} acetamides as COX/5-LOX inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Hamoud MMS, Osman NA, Rezq S, A A Abd El-Wahab H, E A Hassan A, Abdel-Fattah HA, Romero DG, Ghanim AM. Design and Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors with Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105808. [PMID: 35447409 PMCID: PMC10965220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain new candidates with potential anti-inflammatory activity, two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based derivatives (8a-g) and 1,2,4-triazole based derivatives (10a,b and 11a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for their COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity. In vitro assays showed potent COX-2 inhibitory activity and selectivity of the novel designed compounds (IC50 = 0.04 - 0.16 μM, SI = 60.71 - 337.5) compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.045 μM, SI = 326.67). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated via testing their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and oxidative stress [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)] markers production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Most of the novel compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. In particular, the novel compounds showed excellent IL-6 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.96 - 11.14 μM) when compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 13.04 μM) and diclofenac sodium (IC50 = 22.97 μM). Moreover, the most potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor 11c (IC50 = 0.04 μM, SI = 337.5) displayed significantly higher activity against NO and ROS production compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 2.60 and 3.01 μM vs. 16.47 and 14.30 μM, respectively). Molecular modelling studies of the novel designed molecules into COX-2 active sites analysed their binding affinity. In-silico simulation studies indicated their acceptable physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. This study suggests that the novel synthesized COX-2 inhibitors exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M S Hamoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nermine A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hend A A Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdalla E A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amany M Ghanim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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8
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Recent development on COX-2 inhibitors as promising anti-inflammatory agents: The past 10 years. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2790-2807. [PMID: 35755295 PMCID: PMC9214066 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases play a vital role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Two cyclooxygenases are described, the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, for which the target inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are a class of lipid compounds that mediate acute and chronic inflammation. NSAIDs are the most frequent choices for treatment of inflammation. Nevertheless, currently used anti-inflammatory drugs have become associated with a variety of adverse effects which lead to diminished output even market withdrawal. Recently, more studies have been carried out on searching novel selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety profiles. In this review, we highlight the various structural classes of organic and natural scaffolds with efficient COX-2 inhibitory activity reported during 2011–2021. It will be valuable for pharmaceutical scientists to read up on the current chemicals to pave the way for subsequent research.
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9
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Jones Lipinski RA, Thillier Y, Morisseau C, Sebastiano CS, Smith BC, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Molecular docking-guided synthesis of NSAID-glucosamine bioconjugates and their evaluation as COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors with potentially reduced gastric toxicity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:102-113. [PMID: 33955172 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a powerful class of inhibitors targeting two isoforms of the family of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2). While NSAIDs are widely used in the management of pain, in particular as a treatment for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis, their long-term use has been associated with numerous on- and off-target effects. As the carboxylic acid moiety present in common NSAIDs is responsible for some of their adverse effects, but is not required for their anti-inflammatory activity, we sought to mask this group through direct coupling to glucosamine, which is thought to prevent cartilage degradation. We report herein the conjugation of commonly prescribed NSAIDs to glucosamine hydrochloride and the use of molecular docking to show that addition of the carbohydrate moiety to the parent NSAID can enhance binding in the active site of COX-2. In a preliminary, in vitro screening assay, the diclofenac-glucosamine bioconjugate exhibited 10-fold greater activity toward COX-2, making it an ideal candidate for future in vivo studies. Furthermore, in an intriguing result, we observed that the mefenamic acid-glucosamine bioconjugate displayed enhanced activity toward COX-1 rather than COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Jones Lipinski
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yann Thillier
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Sebastiano
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Adbulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Ghanim AM, Rezq S, Ibrahim TS, Romero DG, Kothayer H. Novel 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids: The privileged scaffolds as potent multi-target inhibitors of LPS-induced inflammatory response via dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113457. [PMID: 33892270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the observed pharmacophoric structural features for the reported dual COX/15-LOX inhibitors and inspired by the abundance of COX/LOX inhibitory activities reported for the 1,2,4-triazine and quinoline scaffolds, we designed and synthesized novel 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids (8a-n). The synthesized hybrids were evaluated in vitro as dual COXs/15-LOX inhibitors. The new triazine-quinoline hybrids (8a-n) exhibited potent COX-2 inhibitory profiles (IC50 = 0.047-0.32 μM, SI ∼ 20.6-265.9) compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.045 μM, SI ∼ 326). Moreover, they revealed potent inhibitory activities against 15-LOX enzyme compared to reference quercetin (IC50 = 1.81-3.60 vs. 3.34 μM). Hybrid 8e was the most potent and selective dual COX-2/15-LOX inhibitor (COX-2 IC50 = 0.047 μM, SI = 265.9, 15-LOX IC50 = 1.81 μM). These hybrids were further challenged by their ability to inhibit NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 inflammatory mediators, and 15-LOX product, 15-HETE, production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. Compound 8e was the most potent hybrid in reducing ROS and 15-HETE levels showing IC50 values of 1.02 μM (11-fold more potent than that of celecoxib, IC50 = 11.75 μM) and 0.17 μM (about 43 times more potent than celecoxib, IC50 = 7.46 μM), respectively. Hybrid 8h exhibited an outstanding TNF-α inhibition with IC50 value of 0.40 μM which was about 25 times more potent than that of celecoxib and diclofenac (IC50 = 10.69 and 10.27 μM, respectively). Docking study of the synthesized hybrids into the active sites of COX-2 and 15-LOX enzymes ensures their favored binding affinity. To our knowledge, herein we reported the first 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids as dual COX/15-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M Ghanim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damian G Romero
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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12
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Nqoro X, Jama S, Morifi E, Aderibigbe BA. 4-Aminosalicylic Acid-based Hybrid Compounds: Synthesis and In vitro Antiplasmodial Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200802031547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Malaria is a deadly and infectious disease responsible for millions of death
worldwide, mostly in the African region. The malaria parasite has developed resistance to the currently
used antimalarial drugs, and it has urged researchers to develop new strategies to overcome
this challenge by designing different classes of antimalarials.
Objectives:
A class of hybrid compounds containing 4-aminosalicylic acid moiety was prepared via
esterification and amidation reactions and characterized using FTIR, NMR and LC-MS. In vitro antiplasmodial
evaluation was performed against the asexual NF54 strain of P. falciparum parasites.
Methods:
In this research, known 4-aminoquinoline derivatives were hybridized with 4-
aminosalicylic acid to afford hybrid compounds via esterification and amidation reactions. 4-
aminosalicylic acid, a dihydrofolate compound inhibits DNA synthesis in the folate pathway and is
a potential pharmacophore for the development of antimalarials.
Results:
The LC-MS, FTIR, and NMR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of the compounds.
The compounds were obtained in yields in the range of 63-80%. The hybrid compounds
displayed significant antimalarial activity when compared to 4-aminosalicylic acid, which exhibited
poor antimalarial activity. The IC50 value of the most potent hybrid compound, 9 was 9.54±0.57 nm.
Conclusion:
4-aminosalicylic has different functionalities, which can be used for hybridization with
a wide range of compounds. It is a potential pharmacophore that can be utilized for the design of
potent antimalarial drugs. It was found to be a good potentiating agent when hybridized with 4-
aminoquinoline derivatives suggesting that they can be utilized for the synthesis of a new class of
antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhamla Nqoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus,South Africa
| | - Siphesihle Jama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus,South Africa
| | - Eric Morifi
- School of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Division, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050,South Africa
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