1
|
Said MF, Marie SM, Mohamed NM, Mahrouse MA, Moussa BA. Insight on novel oxindole conjugates adopting different anti-inflammatory investigations and quantitative evaluation. Future Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38634318 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A dual COX/5-LOX strategy was adopted to develop new oxindole derivatives with superior anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: Three series of oxindoles - esters 4a-p, 6a-l and imines 7a-o - were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Molecular docking and predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were done for the most active compounds. A new LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 4h in rat plasma. Results: Compounds 4h, 6d, 6f, 6j and 7m revealed % edema inhibition up to 100.00%; also, 4l and 7j showed 100.00% writhing protection. Compound 4h showed dual inhibitory activity with IC50 = 0.0533 and 0.4195 μM for COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively. Molecular docking rationalized the obtained biological activity. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 4h from rat plasma were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Marie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information (MTI), Cairo, 11585, Egypt
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahia A Moussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian YQ, Liu J, Cheng P, Zou J, Xu HF, Shi XH, Zhang YS, Mei L. Dual COX-2/ 5-LOX inhibitors from Zanthoxylum simulans inhibit gastric cancer cells by cross-mediating thyroid, estrogen, and oxytocin signaling pathways. Front Chem 2024; 11:1287570. [PMID: 38268762 PMCID: PMC10805830 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1287570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) are overexpressed in gastric cancer cells, the dual inhibitors of which exhibit potential against metastasis and invasion with fewer side effects. To discover inhibitors targeting COX-2 and 5-LOX, we conducted ultrafiltration and enrichment calculation to screen candidates in quaternary alkaloids (QAs) from Zanthoxylum simulans through LC and LC-Q-TOF. For intensive peaks, peaks 19 (berberine) and 21 (chelerythrine) were observed as the most potent dual candidates and showed selective affinity to 5-LOX over COX-2. Peak 19 showed an enrichment at 4.36 for COX-2 and 22.81 for 5-LOX, while peak 21 showed an enrichment at 7.81 for COX-2 and 24.49 for 5-LOX. Molecular docking results revealed chelerythrine as a better dual inhibitor, showing time- and dose-dependent anti-proliferation against AGS cells. Bio-informatics strategies, such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), suggested that hormone pathways in gastric cancer cells might be mediated by chelerythrine. Further reviews and summaries helped outline the mechanisms by which COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors might promote apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via estrogen, thyroid, and oxytocin signaling pathways. Chelerythrine was also added to gastric cancer cells to verify the regulation of these three signaling pathways. As a result, significant calling back of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroid hormone α3 (TRα3), and thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) and suppressing estrogen receptor α36 (ER-α36)-Src could benefit the anti-proliferation of chelerythrine. However, it was disappointing that regulation of estrogen receptor α66 (ER-α66), estrogen receptor β (ER-β), and oxytocin receptor (OTR) contributed inversely negative effects on anti-gastric cancer cells. At present, the integrative study not only revealed chelerythrine as the most potent dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor from QAs but also generally highlighted that comprehensive regulation of the estrogen, thyroid, and oxytocin pathway should be noted once gastric cancer cells were treated with inflammatory inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Fang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin-Hua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elgohary MK, Abd El Hadi SR, Abo-Ashour MF, Abo-El Fetoh ME, Afify H, Abdel-Aziz HA, Abou-Seri SM. Fragment merging approach for the design of thiazole/thiazolidine clubbed pyrazoline derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents: Synthesis, biopharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106724. [PMID: 37451146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fragment merging approach was applied for the design of thiazole/thiazolidinone clubbed pyrazoline derivatives 5a-e, 6a-c, 7 and 10a-d as dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. Compounds 5a, 6a, and 6b were the most potent and COX-2 selective inhibitors (IC50= 0.03-0.06 μM, SI = 282.7-472.9) with high activity against 5-LOX (IC50 = 4.36-4.86 μM), while compounds 5b and 10a were active and selective 5-LOX inhibitors with IC50 = 2.43 and 1.58 μM, respectively. In vivo assay and histopathological examination for most active candidate 6a revealed significant decrease in inflammation with higher safety profile in comparison to standard drugs. Compound 6a exhibited the same orientation and binding interactions as the reference COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors (celecoxib and quercetin, respectively). Consequently, compound 6a has been identified as a potential lead for further optimization and the development of safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Soha R Abd El Hadi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ayola-Serrano NC, Roy N, Fathah Z, Anwar MM, Singh B, Ammar N, Sah R, Elba A, Utt RS, Pecho-Silva S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K, Quraishi S. The role of 5-lipoxygenase in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:877-889. [PMID: 34086061 PMCID: PMC8176665 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney and cardiac injury, liver dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. Although several studies have discussed the role of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in viral infections, such as influenzae and SARS, it remains unexplored in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. 5-LOX acts on free arachidonic acid (AA) to form proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). Of note, numerous cells involved with COVID-19 (e.g., inflammatory and smooth muscle cells, platelets, and vascular endothelium) widely express leukotriene receptors. Moreover, 5-LOX metabolites induce the release of cytokines (e.g., tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1α [IL-1α], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) and express tissue factor on cell membranes and activate plasmin. Since macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils can express lipoxygenases, activation of 5-LOX and the subsequent release of LTs may contribute to the severity of COVID-19. This review sheds light on the potential implications of 5-LOX in SARS-CoV-2-mediated infection and the anticipated therapeutic role of 5-LOX inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Namrata Roy
- SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | | | - Mohammed Moustapha Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Areej Elba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rawan Sobhi Utt
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Samuel Pecho-Silva
- Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Pneumology Service, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
- Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
- Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research, Pereira, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Sadeq Quraishi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine - Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Ziskind 6038, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zappavigna S, Cossu AM, Grimaldi A, Bocchetti M, Ferraro GA, Nicoletti GF, Filosa R, Caraglia M. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072605. [PMID: 32283655 PMCID: PMC7177823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can predispose to tumors, therefore targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process could represent a good strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. In the past, several clinical studies have demonstrated that many anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are able to interfere with the tumor microenvironment by reducing cell migration and increasing apoptosis and chemo-sensitivity. This review focuses on the link between inflammation and cancer by describing the anti-inflammatory agents used in cancer therapy, and their mechanisms of action, emphasizing the use of novel anti-inflammatory agents with significant anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessia Maria Cossu
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Plastic Surgery Unit, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Plastic Surgery Unit, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Consorzio Sannio Tech-AMP Biotec, 82030 Apollosa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou Y, Liu J, Zheng M, Zheng S, Jiang C, Zhou X, Zhang D, Zhao J, Ye D, Zheng M, Jiang H, Liu D, Cheng J, Liu H. Structural optimization and biological evaluation of 1,5-disubstituted pyrazole-3-carboxamines as potent inhibitors of human 5-lipoxygenase. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:32-45. [PMID: 26904397 PMCID: PMC4724694 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from our in-house collection identified two lead compounds, 3a and 3b, exhibiting a potent inhibitory profile against 5-LOX with IC50 values less than 1 µmol/L in cell-based assays. Here, we further optimized these compounds to prepare a class of novel pyrazole derivatives by opening the fused-ring system. Several new compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the lead compounds against 5-LOX. In particular, compound 4e not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in brain inflammatory cells and protected neurons from oxidative toxicity, but also significantly decreased infarct damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the consistency of our theoretical results and experimental data. In conclusion, the excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these compounds against 5-LOX suggested that these novel chemical structures have a promising therapeutic potential to treat leukotriene-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuli Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunyi Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Deju Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingfang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.:+86 21 50806600 2302; fax: +86 2150807088 (Dongxiang Liu);Tel./fax: +86 512 65884725 (Jian Cheng);Tel./fax: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu).
| | - Jian Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.:+86 21 50806600 2302; fax: +86 2150807088 (Dongxiang Liu);Tel./fax: +86 512 65884725 (Jian Cheng);Tel./fax: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu).
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.:+86 21 50806600 2302; fax: +86 2150807088 (Dongxiang Liu);Tel./fax: +86 512 65884725 (Jian Cheng);Tel./fax: +86 21 50807042 (Hong Liu).
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh P, Prasher P, Dhillon P, Bhatti R. Indole based peptidomimetics as anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic agents: Dual inhibition of 5-LOX and COX-2 enzymes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:104-23. [PMID: 25956953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The indoles bearing a tosyl group at N-1 and a dipeptide substituent at C-3 were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activities. Some of the compounds made significant reduction in the dextran induced swelling and capsaicin induced pain in the albino mice. About 95% reversal in capsaicin induced pain occurred in the presence of 5 mg kg(-1) of compound 7b, 7d and 7h while diclofenac showed 90% reversal when its 10 mg kg(-1) dose was used. In order to examine the mode of action of these compounds; COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX enzyme immunoassays were performed. The IC50 of compound 7b for COX-2 and 5-LOX were in the nM range: 5-LOX, IC50 = 2.0 nM; COX-2, IC50 = 6.3 nM, selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1 was 351. The interactions of the compounds with COX-2 and 5-LOX were supported by the physical parameters including Ki, Ka and ΔG. The most potent compounds 7b, 7d and 7h showed no toxicity to the animals and were identified as the promising leads for anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Parvirti Dhillon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|