Comparative study of the effects of ortho-, meta- and para-carboranes (C2B10H12) on the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of uridine and 2′-deoxyuridine boron cluster conjugates

Compounds based on Adamantyl-substituted Amino Acids and Peptides as Potential Antiviral Drugs Acting as Viroporin Inhibitors

The discussion has revolved around the derivatives of amino acids and peptides containing carbocycles and their potential antiviral activity in vitro against influenza A, hepatitis C viruses, and coronavirus. Studies conducted on cell cultures reveal that aminoadamantane amino acid derivatives exhibit the capacity to hinder the replication of viruses containing viroporins. Furthermore, certain compounds demonstrate potent virucidal activity with respect to influenza A/H5N1 and hepatitis C virus particles. A conceptual framework for viroporin inhibitors has been introduced, incorporating carbocyclic motifs as membranotropic carriers in the structure, alongside a functional segment comprised of amino acids and peptides. These components correspond to the interaction with the inner surface of the channel's pore or another target protein.

Dissolution Profiles of Carbamazepine Cocrystals with Cis-Trans Isomeric Coformers

PURPOSE

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the dissolution profiles of cocrystals with cis-trans isomeric coformers. Previously, the carbamazepine (CBZ) cocrystals with even-carbon dicarboxylic acids showed higher supersaturation than those with odd-carbon ones, attributed to particle surface solution-mediated phase transformation (PS-SMPT) to CBZ dihydrate (CBZ DH). However, it has been unknown whether this odd-even pattern holds for cis-trans isomeric coformers.

METHOD

CBZ cocrystals with maleic acid (MLE) and fumaric acid (FUM) (CBZ-FUM anhydrate (CBZ-FUM AH) and monohydrate (CBZ-FUM H₂O)) were employed as model cocrystals. Hydroxypropyl　methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) were used as precipitation inhibitors. Dissolution tests were performed under a non-sink condition. Residual particles were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscope, and scanning electron microscope.

RESULTS

All cocrystals showed little supersaturation in the absence of a polymer. In 0.1% HPMC, CBZ-FUM AH showed significant supersaturation, whereas CBZ-MLE and CBZ-FUM H₂O did not for the first two hours. HPMC reduced the initial dissolution rate of CBZ-MLE and CBZ-FUM H₂O while inducing the highest supersaturation among the polymers after 96 h. The particle surface changed from a smooth plane to a striped pattern, but little or no CBZ DH was detected.

CONCLUSION

The cocrystals with cis-trans isomeric coformers showed different dissolution profiles. HPMC increased the dissolution rate of CBZ-FUM AH by inhibiting PS-SMPT but reduced the dissolution rate of CBZ-MLE and CBZ-FUM H₂O without inducing PS-SMPT. The striped pattern was suggested to be due to surface etching rather than PS-SMPT.

The current progress in the use of boron as a platform for novel antiviral drug design

INTRODUCTION

Boron has attracted extensive interest due to several FDA-approved boron-containing drugs and other pharmacological agents in clinical trials. As a semimetal, it has peculiar biochemical characteristics which could be utilized in designing novel drugs against drug-resistant viruses. Emerging and reemerging viral pandemics are major threats to human health. Accordingly, we aim to comprehensively review the current status of antiviral boron-containing compounds.

AREAS COVERED

This review focuses on the utilization of boron to design molecules against viruses from two perspectives: (i) single boron atom-containing compounds acting on miscellaneous viral targets and (ii) boron clusters. The peculiar properties of antiviral boron-containing compounds and their diverse binding modes with viral targets are described in detail in this review.

EXPERT OPINION

Compounds bearing boronic acid can interact with viral targets by forming covalent or robust hydrogen bonds. This feature is valuable for combating resistant viruses. Furthermore, boron clusters can form dihydrogen bonds and bear features such as three-dimensional aromaticity, hydrophobicity, and biological stability. All these features demonstrated boron as a probable essential element with immense potential for drug design.

Sonogashira Coupling of the Ethynyl Monocarborane [CB11H11-12-CCH]–

The Sonogashira cross coupling between the monocarborane cluster 12-ethynylmonocarba-closo-dodecaborate [CB11H11-12-CCH]– and bromoarenes under Pd catalysis has been developed, providing access to aryl carboranyl alkynes in yields of 42–95%. The transformations...

Noncatalytic Bromination of Icosahedral Dicarboranes: The Key Role of Anionic Bromine Clusters Facilitating Br Atom Insertion into the B-H σ-Bond

The mechanism of the noncatalytic bromination of carboranes was studied experimentally and theoretically. We found that the reactions of o- and m-carboranes 1 and 2 with elemental bromine are first order in the substrate but unusually high (approximately fifth) order in bromine. The calculated energy barriers of these reactions decrease sharply as more bromine molecules are added to the quantum-chemical system. A considerable primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the bromination of 2 indicates that the rate-limiting stage is B-H bond breakage. According to quantum-chemical reaction path calculations, the bond breakage proceeds after the intrusion of a bromine atom into the B-H σ-bond. The 9-Br and 9-OH substituents in carborane 1 strongly retard the bromination of the corresponding derivatives. The bromination mechanism of 9-OH-1 is complex and includes neutral, deprotonated, and protonated forms of the carborane. The high experimental kinetic reaction order in bromine, together with quantum chemical modeling, points to a specific mechanism of bromination facilitated by anionic bromine clusters which significantly stabilize the transition state.

Nitrile-containing copper(ii) porphyrin coordination complexes for efficient anticancer activity and mechanism research

Synthesis and anticancer activity of nitrile-containing copper(ii) porphyrin coordination complexes.